1 00:00:01,833 --> 00:00:04,042 - 当美国准备迎接其第一个百年庆典时， - As the United States prepares for its first centennial, 2 00:00:04,042 --> 00:00:06,250 西部原住民部落与美国之间的战争 - the war in the West between Native nations 3 00:00:06,250 --> 00:00:09,417 尚未结束， - and the United States is not yet over, 4 00:00:09,417 --> 00:00:12,625 但其最终结果似乎已很明朗。 - but its eventual outcome seems clear. 5 00:00:12,625 --> 00:00:15,958 曾在大平原上繁盛一时的部落， - The tribes that once thrived in the Great Plains, 6 00:00:15,958 --> 00:00:19,917 如苏族、夏延族、阿拉帕霍族， - the Sioux, the Cheyenne, the Arapaho, 7 00:00:19,917 --> 00:00:23,125 如今大多被限制在保留地内。 - are now mostly confined to reservations. 8 00:00:23,125 --> 00:00:25,792 野牛濒临灭绝， - Bison are on the verge of extinction, 9 00:00:25,792 --> 00:00:27,208 而那曾经滋养它们的 - and the vast grassland 10 00:00:27,208 --> 00:00:30,667 广阔草原如今为新一代西部移民 - that once sustained them now offers opportunity 11 00:00:30,667 --> 00:00:35,250 提供了机遇，他们就是牧场主。 - for a new wave of Western immigrants, cattle ranchers. 12 00:00:35,250 --> 00:00:38,375 他们的到来将重塑北部大平原， - Their arrival will reshape the northern plains, 13 00:00:38,375 --> 00:00:40,792 引发一场为了控制公共牧区 - igniting a life and death struggle 14 00:00:40,792 --> 00:00:43,000 而进行的生死斗争。 - for the control of the open range. 15 00:00:47,667 --> 00:00:49,667 - 人们生活在神话之中， - - People live on myths, 16 00:00:49,667 --> 00:00:53,042 而在美国经历中真正深入人心的神话 - and the myths that really stick in the American experience 17 00:00:53,042 --> 00:00:54,708 便是西部的神话。 - are the myths of the West. 18 00:00:56,708 --> 00:00:59,333 那里的山更高，沙漠更严酷， - - The mountains were taller, the deserts were harsher, 19 00:00:59,333 --> 00:01:01,333 积雪更深。 - the snows were deeper. 20 00:01:01,333 --> 00:01:04,167 - 美国西部唤起惊奇、 - - American West conjures wonder, 21 00:01:04,167 --> 00:01:06,542 可能与机遇之感。 - possibility, opportunity. 22 00:01:06,542 --> 00:01:08,875 - 山地人的形象。 - - The figure of the mountain man. 23 00:01:08,875 --> 00:01:11,125 - 恶名昭彰的不法之徒。 - - Notorious outlaws. 24 00:01:11,125 --> 00:01:12,667 - 牛仔。 - - The cowboy. 25 00:01:12,667 --> 00:01:15,667 - 加利福尼亚的淘金热。 - - The discovery of gold in California. 26 00:01:15,667 --> 00:01:19,125 - 草原上蜿蜒前行的马车队。 - - This train of wagons trailing across the prairie. 27 00:01:20,125 --> 00:01:23,167 - 每个人都因某种原因想要这片土地。 - - Everybody has a reason for wanting this land. 28 00:01:24,167 --> 00:01:27,708 - 但那片土地大多已有居民。 - - But most of that land was already occupied. 29 00:01:31,542 --> 00:01:36,292 - 我们在此居住已超过一万年。 - - We have been residents for more than 10,000 years. 30 00:01:36,292 --> 00:01:38,750 - 这是两种不同生活方式 - - This is a clash of two different ways 31 00:01:38,750 --> 00:01:40,458 的冲突， - of seeing life itself, 32 00:01:41,500 --> 00:01:44,458 一方为家园的未来而战， - fighting for the future of your homeland on the one side, 33 00:01:45,792 --> 00:01:48,042 另一方则为新共和国的命运 - and fighting for the destiny of the new republic 34 00:01:48,042 --> 00:01:49,583 而战。 - on the other side. 35 00:01:53,333 --> 00:01:56,333 - 西部历史是一个创世故事。 - - The history of the West is a creation story. 36 00:01:57,625 --> 00:02:00,417 它创造了我们所知的现代美国。 - It's the creation of what we think of as modern America. 37 00:02:01,417 --> 00:02:04,208 - 在西部，一切皆有可能。 - - The West is a place where anything is possible. 38 00:02:06,375 --> 00:02:08,625 它是美国梦的精髓。 - It is the essence of the American dream. 39 00:02:10,458 --> 00:02:13,208 - 核心在于，我们作为一个国家将何去何从？ - - The core of this is, what are we to be as a nation? 40 00:02:14,375 --> 00:02:16,042 清算的时刻即将到来。 - The reckoning is coming. 41 00:02:16,042 --> 00:02:18,208 - 西部如同一块画布， - - The West is this canvas 42 00:02:18,208 --> 00:02:21,708 美国梦在其上变得比生命更宏大。 - on which American dreams become larger than life. 43 00:02:34,208 --> 00:02:37,583 1866年，内战结束， - In 1866, the end of the Civil War 44 00:02:37,583 --> 00:02:40,250 带来了新一波西迁的移民潮， - brings a new wave of settlers West, 45 00:02:41,083 --> 00:02:43,250 他们寻求新的机遇， - seeking fresh opportunity 46 00:02:44,458 --> 00:02:47,917 并试图在美国大平原的政府土地上 - and fresh profit on government lands 47 00:02:47,917 --> 00:02:49,875 获取新的利润。 - across America's Great Plains. 48 00:02:53,917 --> 00:02:57,917 - 这是联邦财产，被称为公共牧区。 - - This is federal property known as the open range. 49 00:02:57,917 --> 00:02:59,792 此时，草场是免费的。 - The grass is free at this point. 50 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:02,292 - 移民们逐渐认识到， - - Settlers have come to recognize 51 00:03:02,292 --> 00:03:03,833 这片广袤的草原， - that this enormous grassland, 52 00:03:03,833 --> 00:03:06,792 曾为数以千万计的野牛 - which provided forage for tens of millions 53 00:03:06,792 --> 00:03:08,500 提供草料， - of head of buffalo, 54 00:03:08,500 --> 00:03:12,042 或许同样适合饲养美国的牛只。 - might be just as good for American cattle. 55 00:03:12,042 --> 00:03:13,750 这一认识逐渐清晰， - This realization dawns 56 00:03:13,750 --> 00:03:17,708 与此同时，北方的美国人因战后经济繁荣 - as Americans in the North develop a new taste for beef 57 00:03:17,708 --> 00:03:20,417 和城市的快速发展 - thanks to a booming post-war economy 58 00:03:20,417 --> 00:03:22,417 而对牛肉产生了新的喜好。 - and fast growing cities. 59 00:03:22,417 --> 00:03:25,375 - 牛肉迅速成为美国饮食 - - And it becomes very quickly central to the American diet 60 00:03:25,375 --> 00:03:27,208 和美国身份的核心。 - and the American identity. 61 00:03:27,208 --> 00:03:28,667 当移民来到美国， - When immigrants come to America, 62 00:03:28,667 --> 00:03:31,042 他们最先写信回家告知的事情之一便是： - one of the first things they write home is, 63 00:03:31,042 --> 00:03:32,375 "你肯定不敢相信， - "You will not believe it, 64 00:03:32,375 --> 00:03:35,333 但我每周能吃两到三次牛肉。" - but I'm having beef twice, three times a week." 65 00:03:36,417 --> 00:03:38,792 第一个满足这一增长需求的地方 - The first place to meet this growing demand 66 00:03:38,792 --> 00:03:40,208 是德克萨斯。 - is Texas. 67 00:03:40,208 --> 00:03:42,333 在内战期间，当牛主们参战时， - While their owners fought in the Civil War, 68 00:03:42,333 --> 00:03:44,917 牛群在这里大量繁殖。 - the cattle proliferated here. 69 00:03:44,917 --> 00:03:46,542 当他们归来时， - When they return, 70 00:03:46,542 --> 00:03:50,042 发现约有500万头长角牛在开阔的土地上 - they found some 5 million Longhorns grazing freely 71 00:03:50,042 --> 00:03:52,417 自由觅食。 - on open lands. 72 00:03:52,417 --> 00:03:55,417 - 这主要是西班牙克里奥罗牛 - - This is chiefly Spanish Criollo Cattle 73 00:03:55,417 --> 00:03:57,375 与英国赫里福德牛 - that's being interbred 74 00:03:57,375 --> 00:04:01,583 杂交的品种，被称为德克萨斯长角牛。 - with English Herefords, known as the Texas Longhorn. 75 00:04:01,583 --> 00:04:04,542 需求的增长意味着巨大的利润， - Growing demand means serious money 76 00:04:04,542 --> 00:04:07,250 一头在德克萨斯值4美元的阉牛 - and a steer worth $4 in Texas can sell 77 00:04:07,250 --> 00:04:09,667 在纽约可以卖到高达50美元。 - for up to 50 in New York, 78 00:04:11,083 --> 00:04:13,708 但首先它们必须抵达位于芝加哥的 - but first they must reach the nation's meat packing center 79 00:04:13,708 --> 00:04:15,042 全国肉类加工中心。 - in Chicago. 80 00:04:15,042 --> 00:04:19,417 这意味着要驱赶牛群穿越德克萨斯数百英里， - That means driving herds hundreds of miles across Texas 81 00:04:19,417 --> 00:04:22,792 到达堪萨斯州阿比林的最近铁路枢纽， - to the nearest rail hub in Abilene, Kansas, 82 00:04:22,792 --> 00:04:25,167 这项艰苦的工作落在了 - grueling work that falls on the shoulders 83 00:04:25,167 --> 00:04:27,583 后来成为美国标志性人物——牛仔的肩上。 - of what will become an American icon. 84 00:04:28,875 --> 00:04:32,458 - 牛仔的诞生真正源于赶牛活动， - - The birth of the cowboy is really the cattle drive, 85 00:04:32,458 --> 00:04:36,792 需要牛仔保护庞大的牛群， - massive herds of cattle that needed to be protected 86 00:04:36,792 --> 00:04:40,042 确保它们持续移动。 - by cowboys that would make sure they kept moving. 87 00:04:40,042 --> 00:04:41,875 你会在德克萨斯集结牛群， - You would round up in Texas, 88 00:04:41,875 --> 00:04:45,375 然后沿着著名的奇泽姆小道上行， - and you would go up the famous Chisholm Trail, 89 00:04:45,375 --> 00:04:47,167 但你必须非常坚韧。 - but you had to be hardy. 90 00:04:47,167 --> 00:04:49,833 如果你生病了，就会被丢下。 - You'd get left behind if you got sick. 91 00:04:49,833 --> 00:04:53,125 - 而现实是，牛仔是一份非常糟糕的工作。 - - And the reality is, being a cowboy was a terrible job. 92 00:04:53,125 --> 00:04:54,417 它非常艰苦。 - It was really hard. 93 00:04:54,417 --> 00:04:56,375 报酬很低。 - You were poorly paid. 94 00:04:57,250 --> 00:04:59,250 大约20%，甚至更多 - About 20%, maybe even more 95 00:04:59,250 --> 00:05:01,458 的美国牛仔是非裔美国人。 - of American cowboys were African Americans. 96 00:05:02,792 --> 00:05:06,792 - 这份工作也让牛仔暴露在野生动物、 - - It's also work that exposes cowboys to wild animals, 97 00:05:06,792 --> 00:05:08,208 敌对的原住民面前。 - hostile Natives. 98 00:05:08,208 --> 00:05:09,750 你完全是可牺牲的， - You're absolutely expendable, 99 00:05:09,750 --> 00:05:11,583 这就是为什么在此类工作中 - which is why you find such a high proportion 100 00:05:11,583 --> 00:05:14,542 非裔美国人比例如此之高。 - of African Americans in this work. 101 00:05:14,542 --> 00:05:16,250 它远不如好莱坞 - It is far less glamorous 102 00:05:16,250 --> 00:05:18,792 所纪念的那般迷人。 - than Hollywood would memorialize it. 103 00:05:18,792 --> 00:05:21,458 - 如今，很多人戴着牛仔帽， - - Today, there are a lot of people who wear cowboy hats 104 00:05:21,458 --> 00:05:22,917 却从不靠近牛群， - who don't go anywhere near cows, 105 00:05:22,917 --> 00:05:26,542 也不靠近马匹，但人们就是生活在神话中。 - don't go anywhere near horses, but people live on myths. 106 00:05:29,333 --> 00:05:31,208 在牛仔们的辛勤劳作下， - - Built on the backs of cowboys, 107 00:05:31,208 --> 00:05:33,250 养牛业蓬勃发展， - the cattle business booms, 108 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:34,458 随着1869年 - and with the completion 109 00:05:34,458 --> 00:05:38,625 横贯大陆铁路的竣工， - of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, 110 00:05:38,625 --> 00:05:42,292 在全国范围内运输牛肉变得更容易， - transporting beef across the country gets easier 111 00:05:43,208 --> 00:05:45,125 也更为有利可图。 - and even more profitable. 112 00:05:45,125 --> 00:05:48,833 - 最了不起的事情之一就是用横贯大陆铁路 - - One of the most remarkable things was connecting the East 113 00:05:48,833 --> 00:05:52,375 将东部与西部连接起来， - to the West with the Transcontinental Railroad, 114 00:05:52,375 --> 00:05:56,583 其重要性怎么夸大都不为过。 - and you can't exaggerate how significant that is. 115 00:05:56,583 --> 00:06:01,208 - 在铁路出现之前，陆上运输一吨货物30英里的成本 - - Before the railroad, it costs as much to send a ton 116 00:06:01,208 --> 00:06:05,542 与跨洋运输3000英里 - of goods 30 miles over land as it does 117 00:06:05,542 --> 00:06:08,333 的成本一样高。 - to send it 3,000 miles across the ocean. 118 00:06:08,333 --> 00:06:09,833 - 这改变了一切。 - - That changes everything. 119 00:06:09,833 --> 00:06:12,958 现在，人们西迁不再需要辛苦地 - Now, people moving West, they weren't moving laboriously 120 00:06:12,958 --> 00:06:13,750 乘坐马车。 - by the wagon. 121 00:06:13,750 --> 00:06:15,208 现在他们可以乘坐火车。 - Now they can get on the train. 122 00:06:15,208 --> 00:06:18,542 这显然为西迁的普通家庭 - That obviously opens up enormous field of opportunity 123 00:06:18,542 --> 00:06:20,542 开辟了巨大的机会领域， - for ordinary families moving west, 124 00:06:20,542 --> 00:06:24,750 但也为大企业带来了机遇。 - but it also opens opportunities for big businesses. 125 00:06:26,667 --> 00:06:28,375 得益于铁路， - - Thanks to the railroad, 126 00:06:28,375 --> 00:06:30,542 养牛业很快从德克萨斯 - cattle ranching soon expands north 127 00:06:30,542 --> 00:06:33,250 向北扩展至怀俄明州， - from Texas all the way to Wyoming, 128 00:06:33,250 --> 00:06:37,500 牲畜可以在公共牧区自由放牧。 - where livestock can graze freely across the open range. 129 00:06:38,875 --> 00:06:42,417 - 公共牧区是指没有围栏的放牧地， - - The open range is grazing lands that aren't fenced, 130 00:06:42,417 --> 00:06:45,083 因此它们没有被任何特定的分界 - and so they're not staked out 131 00:06:45,083 --> 00:06:48,375 所划定， - by any particular divide, 132 00:06:48,375 --> 00:06:51,042 这意味着牛群可以自由漫步。 - and that means the cattle can roam freely. 133 00:06:51,042 --> 00:06:55,500 - 如果你有资源获得一群牛， - - If you had the resources to acquire a herd, 134 00:06:55,500 --> 00:06:59,333 并将它们带到可以自由放牧的地方， - and bring it to a place where it was free range, 135 00:06:59,333 --> 00:07:01,500 那你就能过得相当惬意。 - you were sittin' pretty. 136 00:07:03,417 --> 00:07:06,333 1877年，那些希望 - In 1877, Americans hoping 137 00:07:06,333 --> 00:07:09,083 在养牛业繁荣中致富的美国人 - to prosper in the cattle boom are encouraged 138 00:07:09,083 --> 00:07:13,125 受到一项新的国会法案《荒漠土地法》的鼓舞， - by a new congressional law, the Desert Lands Act, 139 00:07:13,125 --> 00:07:17,458 该法案旨在促进高海拔干燥平原的定居。 - aimed to boost settlement in the high, dry plains. 140 00:07:17,458 --> 00:07:21,417 该法案允许任何人以每英亩1.25美元的价格 - The act lets anyone buy up to 320 acres of land 141 00:07:21,417 --> 00:07:24,625 购买最多320英亩的土地。 - for just $1.25 an acre. 142 00:07:26,500 --> 00:07:28,625 - 它旨在让诚实的人们 - - It was designed to fill the American West 143 00:07:28,625 --> 00:07:31,667 填满美国西部，他们会扎根下来， - with honest people who would sink down roots 144 00:07:31,667 --> 00:07:35,500 组建家庭，建立学校和教堂。 - and have their families, build a school, and some churches, 145 00:07:35,500 --> 00:07:37,667 这可以追溯到托马斯·杰斐逊的理念， - Goes back to Thomas Jefferson, 146 00:07:37,667 --> 00:07:40,958 小农是美国共和国的核心。 - the smallholder is the heart of the American Republic. 147 00:07:42,542 --> 00:07:45,083 很快，成百上千的宅地申请者涌向 - Soon, hundreds of homesteaders flock 148 00:07:45,083 --> 00:07:49,083 怀俄明州，希望能成为牧场主。 - to Wyoming, hoping to make it as cattle ranchers. 149 00:07:49,083 --> 00:07:51,542 - 想法是，如果你能把牛带到那里， - - The idea is that if you can get your cows out there 150 00:07:51,542 --> 00:07:54,667 在这片开放的草原上育肥， - and fatten them up to feed on this open grassland, 151 00:07:54,667 --> 00:07:56,583 那将会增加你的利润。 - that's gonna increase your profits. 152 00:07:57,625 --> 00:07:59,625 - 你无需支付任何费用。 - - You didn't have to pay for anything. 153 00:07:59,625 --> 00:08:01,792 牲畜可以自己照顾自己。 - The animals take care of themselves. 154 00:08:01,792 --> 00:08:03,792 它们四处游荡，但你需要一种方法 - They're wandering around, but you need a way 155 00:08:03,792 --> 00:08:05,250 来分辨哪些牛是你的， - to know which cattle are yours, 156 00:08:05,250 --> 00:08:07,708 哪些是你朋友或敌人的。 - and which cattle belong to your friend, or your enemy. 157 00:08:09,375 --> 00:08:12,583 解决办法就是打烙印。 - The solution is cattle branding. 158 00:08:12,583 --> 00:08:14,667 - 你在牲畜侧面烙上一个符号， - - You burn a symbol in the animal's side, 159 00:08:14,667 --> 00:08:16,917 人们就知道那是你的了。 - and people knew it was yours. 160 00:08:16,917 --> 00:08:19,208 但在公共牧区，烙印并非万全之策， - But branding is not a perfect solution 161 00:08:19,208 --> 00:08:23,250 因为牛群可能会杂交， - on the open range, where herds could interbreed, 162 00:08:23,250 --> 00:08:27,875 导致难以分清未打烙印的牛犊归谁所有。 - making it hard to know who owns which unbranded calves. 163 00:08:27,875 --> 00:08:31,042 这些没有标记的牛犊被称为"无主牛"， - These unmarked calves are called mavericks, 164 00:08:31,042 --> 00:08:34,583 根据惯例，如果你找到一头， - and according to common practice, if you find one, 165 00:08:34,583 --> 00:08:37,875 并给它打上烙印，它就归你所有。 - and brand it, it's yours. 166 00:08:37,875 --> 00:08:41,833 - 这是一个悠久的传统，如果你发现走失的、 - - It's a long tradition where if you find stray cattle 167 00:08:41,833 --> 00:08:45,042 没有烙印的牛，即所谓的"无主牛"， - that are not branded, what was called a maverick, 168 00:08:45,042 --> 00:08:48,125 你可以带走那头牛犊并打上你自己的烙印。 - you can take that calf and give it your own brand. 169 00:08:48,125 --> 00:08:50,458 这基本上算是免费的牛犊。 - It is basically a free calf. 170 00:08:54,250 --> 00:08:56,708 到了1880年，一头牛犊已成为 - By 1880, a calf is one of 171 00:08:56,708 --> 00:08:59,708 美国最有价值的资产之一。 - the most valuable assets in America. 172 00:08:59,708 --> 00:09:03,708 一万头牛的牛群每年可获净利润 - A herd of 10,000 cattle can net a yearly profit 173 00:09:03,708 --> 00:09:06,708 相当于如今的两千万美元。 - worth $20 million today. 174 00:09:06,708 --> 00:09:11,042 随着财富积累，养牛业发生了变化。 - As fortunes amass, the cattle business changes. 175 00:09:11,042 --> 00:09:13,542 - 怀俄明的养牛业始于 - - The cattle industry in Wyoming begins 176 00:09:13,542 --> 00:09:15,875 小规模经营者， - with small time operators, 177 00:09:15,875 --> 00:09:19,042 但很快，更大的牧场由 - but very quickly, larger ranches are funded 178 00:09:19,042 --> 00:09:21,917 公司资金资助，股票在纽约、 - with corporate money, with stocks sold in New York, 179 00:09:21,917 --> 00:09:23,458 波士顿和费城发售， - and Boston, and Philadelphia, 180 00:09:23,458 --> 00:09:25,833 也在爱丁堡和柏林发售， - and sold in Edinburgh, and Berlin, 181 00:09:25,833 --> 00:09:28,208 这都是因为全球工业市场。 - because of this global industrial market. 182 00:09:29,750 --> 00:09:33,708 - 这些牧场主获得了贵族的名声。 - - These ranch owners get a reputation as aristocrats. 183 00:09:33,708 --> 00:09:36,167 他们被称为"养牛大亨"。 - They're called the cattle barons. 184 00:09:36,167 --> 00:09:37,542 - 但出人意料的是， - - But surprisingly, 185 00:09:37,542 --> 00:09:39,542 这些大养牛大亨并不拥有任何土地。 - the great cattle barons didn't own any land. 186 00:09:39,542 --> 00:09:41,208 他们可能拥有极小的一块地， - They might've owned a tiny, little bit, 187 00:09:41,208 --> 00:09:44,708 但他们只是利用公共领域的便利 - but they were just extractors using the convenience 188 00:09:44,708 --> 00:09:47,625 来中饱私囊的榨取者。 - of the public domain to line their pockets. 189 00:09:48,708 --> 00:09:51,542 他们过着优渥的生活，抽着雪茄， - They were living the good life with cigars, 190 00:09:51,542 --> 00:09:55,583 喝着白兰地，还有，可以说，和善的女人相伴， - and brandy, and amiable women, let's say, 191 00:09:55,583 --> 00:09:57,208 在怀俄明的夏延市。 - in Cheyenne, Wyoming. 192 00:09:58,167 --> 00:10:00,042 得益于如此轻松的利润， - Thanks to such easy profits, 193 00:10:00,042 --> 00:10:04,292 怀俄明首府夏延在1880年代建起了自己的"百万富翁街"。 - Wyoming's capital, Cheyenne, builds its own Millionaire's Row 194 00:10:04,292 --> 00:10:06,375 - in the 1880s. 195 00:10:06,375 --> 00:10:08,375 它的街道由美国 - Its streets are lit up by some 196 00:10:08,375 --> 00:10:11,292 首批电灯照亮。 - of America's first electric lights. 197 00:10:11,292 --> 00:10:16,500 1882年，它成为世界上 - In 1882, it becomes the wealthiest city per capita 198 00:10:16,500 --> 00:10:17,708 人均最富有的城市。 - in the world. 199 00:10:18,667 --> 00:10:21,083 怀俄明的精英牧场主决心 - Wyoming's elite ranchers are determined 200 00:10:21,083 --> 00:10:24,250 维持他们的财富和权力。 - to maintain their wealth and power. 201 00:10:24,250 --> 00:10:26,417 - 怀俄明最有权势的牧场主创建了 - - The most powerful ranchers in Wyoming create 202 00:10:26,417 --> 00:10:29,000 怀俄明畜牧协会， - the Wyoming Stock Growers Association, 203 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:31,833 在整个州，养牛业是权力的基础， - and in the whole state, cattle ranching is the foundation 204 00:10:31,833 --> 00:10:34,792 因此怀俄明畜牧协会 - of power, and so the Wyoming Stock Growers Association 205 00:10:34,792 --> 00:10:36,208 在功能上成为了 - functionally becomes the government 206 00:10:36,208 --> 00:10:37,583 怀俄明领地的政府。 - of the territory of Wyoming. 207 00:10:38,500 --> 00:10:40,375 然后在1886年， - Then in 1886, 208 00:10:40,375 --> 00:10:44,000 怀俄明的牧场主遭受了沉重打击， - Wyoming's cattle ranchers are dealt a terrible blow 209 00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:47,792 即后来所谓的"大死亡事件"。 - in what comes to be known as the Great Die-Up. 210 00:10:47,792 --> 00:10:50,750 - 1886-1887年的冬天是袭击大平原的 - - Winter of 1886-1887 was one of the worst winters ever 211 00:10:50,750 --> 00:10:52,000 最严酷的冬天之一。 - to hit the Plains. 212 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:54,583 牛只成千上万地死亡。 - Cattle died by the thousands. 213 00:10:54,583 --> 00:10:56,917 人们会发现大群的牛被冻死。 - People would find vast herds frozen to death. 214 00:10:56,917 --> 00:10:58,708 伦敦的投资者，苏格兰的投资者， - Investors in London, investors in Scotland, 215 00:10:58,708 --> 00:11:01,375 波士顿、纽约的投资者都说： - investors in Boston, New York, all say, 216 00:11:01,375 --> 00:11:02,417 "这不是一门好生意。 - "This is not a good business. 217 00:11:02,417 --> 00:11:03,958 我们不想掺和了。 - We don't wanna be involved here. 218 00:11:03,958 --> 00:11:05,750 清空你的牛群，把它们送到芝加哥。 - Liquidate your herds, send them to Chicago. 219 00:11:05,750 --> 00:11:07,542 我们退出这行。" - We're outta the business." 220 00:11:07,542 --> 00:11:08,833 牧场倒闭了。 - Ranches go under. 221 00:11:08,833 --> 00:11:11,042 养牛业急转直下。 - Cattle industry's in a free fall. 222 00:11:11,042 --> 00:11:13,250 任何幸存的养牛大亨 - Any cattle barons left standing 223 00:11:13,250 --> 00:11:17,208 现在都准备为每一分钱而战。 - are now ready to fight for every last dollar. 224 00:11:17,208 --> 00:11:20,750 - 大养牛大亨让怀俄明立法机构 - - The great cattle barons get the legislature of Wyoming 225 00:11:20,750 --> 00:11:24,167 通过一项法律，规定所有无主牛 - to pass a law saying that every maverick belongs 226 00:11:24,167 --> 00:11:27,042 都归怀俄明畜牧协会所有， - to the Wyoming Stock Growers Association, 227 00:11:27,042 --> 00:11:30,875 这样，任何时候出现身份不明的牛犊， - so that anytime there's an unidentified calf, 228 00:11:30,875 --> 00:11:33,667 宅地申请者或小牧场主 - it can't be claimed by one of the homesteaders 229 00:11:33,667 --> 00:11:35,125 都不能认领。 - or a small rancher. 230 00:11:36,042 --> 00:11:37,875 - 《无主牛法案》使得持有 - - The Maverick Act made the possession 231 00:11:37,875 --> 00:11:40,250 未打烙印的牛成为非法。 - of unbranded cattle illegal. 232 00:11:40,250 --> 00:11:44,208 - 所以小牧场主每次从牛群中 - - So the small ranchers are breaking the law 233 00:11:44,208 --> 00:11:46,708 拉回一头自己的牛犊 - every time they pull one of their own calves back 234 00:11:46,708 --> 00:11:48,083 都是在违法。 - from the herd. 235 00:11:49,042 --> 00:11:51,000 - 怀俄明畜牧协会 - - The Wyoming Stock Growers Association 236 00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:55,375 雇佣畜牧侦探在牧区巡逻，以确保 - hire stock detectives who will patrol the range to make sure 237 00:11:55,375 --> 00:11:58,333 无主牛政策得到执行。 - that the mavericking policies are being enforced. 238 00:11:59,833 --> 00:12:01,958 - 而偷牛的惩罚是死刑。 - - And the penalty for stealing cattle is death. 239 00:12:06,125 --> 00:12:09,667 随着怀俄明的养牛大亨 - As tensions rise between Wyoming's cattle barons 240 00:12:09,667 --> 00:12:12,167 与小牧场主之间因无主牛问题关系紧张， - and its small ranches over mavericks, 241 00:12:12,167 --> 00:12:15,958 一项新技术使事情变得更加具有挑战性。 - a new technology makes things even more challenging. 242 00:12:17,542 --> 00:12:20,875 广告称其比空气还轻，比威士忌更烈， - Advertised as lighter than air, stronger than whiskey, 243 00:12:20,875 --> 00:12:24,917 比尘土还便宜，那就是带刺铁丝网。 - and cheaper than dust, barbed wire. 244 00:12:24,917 --> 00:12:27,875 - 被原住民称为"魔鬼的绳索"的东西， - - The devil's rope, as the Indigenous People call it, 245 00:12:27,875 --> 00:12:32,000 将让人们能够保护他们的家园。 - will allow people to secure their homestead. 246 00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:33,625 - 美国西部气候干燥， - - It's dry in the American West, 247 00:12:33,625 --> 00:12:37,125 木材稀少，所以很难建造围栏， - and there's not a lot of wood, so it's hard to build a fence, 248 00:12:37,125 --> 00:12:39,458 直到带刺铁丝网的发明使得建造围栏 - until the invention of barbed wire makes it pretty easy 249 00:12:39,458 --> 00:12:40,833 变得相当容易。 - to build a fence. 250 00:12:40,833 --> 00:12:43,625 - 你只需展开这种带刺铁丝网 - - You can just unspool this barbed wire 251 00:12:43,625 --> 00:12:45,833 就能确保你的牲畜留在里面， - to make sure your livestock stayed in, 252 00:12:45,833 --> 00:12:48,333 没人能来偷你的东西。 - and nobody came and stole from you. 253 00:12:48,333 --> 00:12:50,125 它是当时的热门发明。 - It was the hot invention. 254 00:12:50,125 --> 00:12:52,375 - 与此同时，它也破坏了 - - At the same time, it undermines the whole notion 255 00:12:52,375 --> 00:12:54,833 整个公共牧区系统的概念。 - of the open range system. 256 00:12:54,833 --> 00:12:58,458 - 突然间，放牧的牛群 - - All of a sudden, there is no unfettered movement 257 00:12:58,458 --> 00:13:00,208 不再能自由移动。 - of grazing cattle. 258 00:13:00,208 --> 00:13:03,375 - 一切都被分割 - - Everything was now cut and parceled 259 00:13:03,375 --> 00:13:07,208 成这些被尖锐铁丝守卫的土地块。 - into these chunks of land guarded by sharp wire. 260 00:13:07,208 --> 00:13:10,417 围栏威胁到养牛大亨的生计， - The fences threaten the cattle barons' livelihoods, 261 00:13:10,417 --> 00:13:13,542 这生计依赖于对草场的自由使用。 - which depends on free access to the grass. 262 00:13:13,542 --> 00:13:17,167 养牛大亨决心采取行动。 - The cattle barons are determined to take action. 263 00:13:17,167 --> 00:13:21,042 两位独立牧场首当其冲， - Two independent ranchers are the first ones in their sights, 264 00:13:21,042 --> 00:13:24,042 他们是吉姆·埃夫里尔和埃伦·沃森。 - Jim Averell and Ellen Watson. 265 00:13:24,042 --> 00:13:26,125 - 吉姆·埃夫里尔和埃拉·沃森刚开始 - - Jim Averell and Ella Watson were beginning 266 00:13:26,125 --> 00:13:29,083 通过经营一个养牛场而稍有起色。 - to prosper a little, running a ranch for cattle. 267 00:13:30,042 --> 00:13:33,875 - 埃拉·沃森非常愤怒，因为养牛大亨们， - - Ella Watson was very angry that the cattle barons, 268 00:13:33,875 --> 00:13:36,583 即畜牧协会，开始让 - the Stock Growers Association, was starting 269 00:13:36,583 --> 00:13:38,542 她和她的丈夫 - to make it impossible for her 270 00:13:38,542 --> 00:13:40,958 难以谋生。 - and her husband to make a living. 271 00:13:41,917 --> 00:13:45,083 - 但他们的家园正好在河边， - - But their homestead is right on the river, 272 00:13:45,083 --> 00:13:47,917 这是一个位于某养牛大亨 - a prime watering hole in the middle 273 00:13:47,917 --> 00:13:51,292 牧区内的主要饮水点。 - of a cattle baron's range. 274 00:13:52,542 --> 00:13:56,542 - 它被围了起来，因此他不能再使用那块地了， - - It was fenced, and so he couldn't use that land anymore, 275 00:13:56,542 --> 00:13:58,583 那块让他致富的土地。 - land that had made him rich. 276 00:13:58,583 --> 00:14:00,333 他需要把他们从那块土地上赶走。 - He needed to get them off that land. 277 00:14:02,042 --> 00:14:03,917 - 于是养牛大亨们决定 - - And so the cattle barons decided 278 00:14:03,917 --> 00:14:06,458 除掉埃夫里尔和沃森， - to eliminate Averell and Watson, 279 00:14:06,458 --> 00:14:08,917 他们派出了一个行刑队。 - so they send out a hit squad. 280 00:14:11,458 --> 00:14:15,000 道德合法性在宅地申请者一方， - The moral legitimacy is on the side of the homesteaders, 281 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,125 而大养牛大亨一方毫无合法性可言， - and none of the legitimacy is on the side 282 00:14:17,125 --> 00:14:19,542 他们滥用权力 - of the great cattle barons, who are misusing power 283 00:14:19,542 --> 00:14:21,458 以满足自己的贪婪。 - for their own greed. 284 00:14:21,458 --> 00:14:23,542 埃夫里尔和沃森被指控 - Averell and Watson are accused 285 00:14:23,542 --> 00:14:26,833 偷牛，这种行为被称为"盗畜"。 - of stealing cattle, a practice called rustling. 286 00:14:28,208 --> 00:14:32,208 - 畜牧侦探从他们的牧场抓走了他们， - - And the stock detectives take them from their ranch, 287 00:14:34,125 --> 00:14:35,375 并处以了私刑。 - and they lynched them. 288 00:14:38,042 --> 00:14:42,667 - 法外绞刑，私刑正义。 - - Extrajudicial hanging, vigilantism. 289 00:14:42,667 --> 00:14:44,417 养牛大亨们相信 - The cattle barons believed 290 00:14:44,417 --> 00:14:47,208 这是警告约翰逊县民众停止盗畜的 - that this is the first important step in warning the people 291 00:14:47,208 --> 00:14:49,833 第一个重要步骤。 - of Johnson County to desist from rustling. 292 00:14:53,750 --> 00:14:55,333 - 对于认识沃森和埃夫里尔的人来说， - - For the people who knew Watson and Averell, 293 00:14:55,333 --> 00:14:57,125 这是暴行，这是谋杀。 - this is an outrage, this is murder. 294 00:15:02,167 --> 00:15:05,917 - 有权势的养牛大亨有钱， - - The powerful cattle barons have money, 295 00:15:05,917 --> 00:15:08,250 而且他们控制了大多数报纸。 - and they controlled most of the newspapers. 296 00:15:09,167 --> 00:15:10,958 - 所以大多数夏延报纸的 - - So the headlines in most 297 00:15:10,958 --> 00:15:15,042 头条新闻都写着："盗畜者被处私刑， - of the Cheyenne papers present, "Rustlers are lynched, 298 00:15:15,042 --> 00:15:17,833 他们罪有应得，他们是窃贼"。 - and they deserved it, they were thieves". 299 00:15:17,833 --> 00:15:19,875 - 他们称埃伦·沃森为"牛妞凯特"， - - And they say Ellen Watson is "Cattle Kate," 300 00:15:19,875 --> 00:15:22,500 一个声名狼藉的妓女，报酬是 - a notorious prostitute who was being paid 301 00:15:22,500 --> 00:15:24,208 用偷来的牛支付的。 - with stolen cattle. 302 00:15:24,208 --> 00:15:28,000 - 还说埃夫里尔是她的皮条客。 - - And that Averell was her pimp. 303 00:15:29,125 --> 00:15:31,708 - 她被污蔑为不法之徒，而事实真相是， - - She is branded as an outlaw, when the truth 304 00:15:31,708 --> 00:15:34,542 她只是个努力求生的普通女人。 - of the matter is, she was just a woman trying to get by. 305 00:15:36,083 --> 00:15:37,917 这个消息吓坏了怀俄明州的 - The news terrifies small homesteaders 306 00:15:37,917 --> 00:15:39,375 小宅地农民， - in Wyoming, 307 00:15:39,375 --> 00:15:42,000 但有些人意识到，要想生存下去， - but some realize if they want to survive, 308 00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:44,833 他们必须联合起来进行反击。 - they must band together and fight back. 309 00:15:44,833 --> 00:15:47,000 内特·坎皮恩就是其中之一。 - One of them is Nate Champion. 310 00:15:47,958 --> 00:15:50,875 - 内特·坎皮恩在德克萨斯长大。 - - Nate Champion grows up in Texas. 311 00:15:50,875 --> 00:15:53,208 他在多个地方做过牧场工人， - He works in various places as a ranch hand 312 00:15:53,208 --> 00:15:55,833 是骑马驰骋牧区的牛仔。 - as the cowboy riding the ranges. 313 00:15:55,833 --> 00:15:57,875 他深知这个行业的运作方式。 - He knew how the business worked. 314 00:15:57,875 --> 00:15:59,875 坎皮恩于19世纪70年代 - Champion moved to Johnson County 315 00:15:59,875 --> 00:16:03,333 迁居约翰逊县，建立了自己的牧场， - in the 1870s to set up his own ranch, 316 00:16:03,333 --> 00:16:06,792 并将他的牛群发展到超过200头， - and has grown his herd to over 200 cattle, 317 00:16:06,792 --> 00:16:09,375 但眼下，前景看起来十分黯淡。 - but right now, the future looks bleak. 318 00:16:09,375 --> 00:16:11,542 宅地农民害怕因围起自己的土地 - Homesteaders fear being murdered, 319 00:16:11,542 --> 00:16:16,208 而被谋杀或遭到诬告。 - or falsely prosecuted for fencing off their own land. 320 00:16:16,208 --> 00:16:20,208 - 不断有人死去，确实弥漫着一种恐惧的气氛。 - - People are dying and there's a real climate of fear. 321 00:16:21,292 --> 00:16:23,000 内特·坎皮恩是少数没有 - Nate Champion's one of the few people 322 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:27,042 被此事完全吓倒的人之一。 - that does not get completely scared off by this. 323 00:16:27,042 --> 00:16:29,292 - 坎皮恩和他的一些同伴意识到， - - Champion and some of his compatriots realized 324 00:16:29,292 --> 00:16:31,000 除非他们能设法打破 - they weren't gonna be able to stay in business 325 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:32,875 养牛大亨们的权力， - unless they could somehow break the power 326 00:16:32,875 --> 00:16:34,292 否则他们将无法继续经营， - of the cattle barons, 327 00:16:34,292 --> 00:16:36,500 于是他们建立了自己的协会， - and so they establish their own association, 328 00:16:36,500 --> 00:16:39,500 即北怀俄明畜牧协会。 - The Northern Wyoming Stock Growers Association. 329 00:16:39,500 --> 00:16:42,542 它将有自己的规则和自己的围捕行动， - It's gonna have its own set of rules, and its own roundup, 330 00:16:42,542 --> 00:16:45,292 关键是，这个围捕行动将比 - and crucially that roundup is gonna be one month 331 00:16:45,292 --> 00:16:48,708 怀俄明畜牧协会的围捕提前一个月进行。 - before the Wyoming Stock Growers Association roundup. 332 00:16:48,708 --> 00:16:50,875 坎皮恩和宅地农民们知道风险， - Champion and the homesteaders know 333 00:16:50,875 --> 00:16:52,750 与强大的畜牧协会对抗 - the risk, and going up against 334 00:16:52,750 --> 00:16:56,875 是一个成败攸关的决定。 - the powerful Stock Growers is a make or break decision. 335 00:16:57,875 --> 00:17:01,417 - 大牧场主们知道这是生死存亡的威胁。 - - The big time ranchers know this is an existential threat. 336 00:17:01,417 --> 00:17:03,417 如果围捕行动在他们之前进行， - If this roundup happens before them, 337 00:17:03,417 --> 00:17:05,333 大量他们认为本该属于他们的 - there's gonna be a lot of unbranded cattle 338 00:17:05,333 --> 00:17:07,208 未打烙印的牛就会落入 - that they think should be theirs that are gonna go 339 00:17:07,208 --> 00:17:09,792 内特·坎皮恩和他的朋友们手中。 - to Nate Champion and his friends. 340 00:17:09,792 --> 00:17:11,750 他们必须阻止这件事发生。 - They have to stop it from happening. 341 00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:16,667 - 于是养牛大亨们雇佣弗兰克·坎顿来领导 - - So the cattle barons hire Frank Canton to lead the effort 342 00:17:16,667 --> 00:17:19,500 镇压这次围捕的行动。 - to suppress the roundup. 343 00:17:19,500 --> 00:17:22,458 - 这个坎顿，他过去经历复杂， - - Now Canton, he had a kind of checkered past, 344 00:17:22,458 --> 00:17:25,708 谋杀、抢劫，各种罪行都干过。 - murder, robbery, all sorts of crimes. 345 00:17:25,708 --> 00:17:27,500 但他改头换面了， - But he reinvented himself, 346 00:17:27,500 --> 00:17:30,083 先是当上了约翰逊县的警长， - first as a sheriff in Johnson County, 347 00:17:30,083 --> 00:17:33,167 后来又成了养牛大亨们的打手。 - and them as the henchman for the cattle barons. 348 00:17:33,167 --> 00:17:36,708 - 他与大畜牧主勾结， - - He is in cahoots with big stock growers, 349 00:17:36,708 --> 00:17:40,292 最终成为了一名畜牧侦探。 - and ultimately becomes a stock detective. 350 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,625 1882年春天， - In the spring of 1882, 351 00:17:45,625 --> 00:17:50,542 坎顿和他的手下在小屋找到了内特·坎皮恩。 - Canton and his men find Nate Champion at his cabin. 352 00:18:06,208 --> 00:18:08,042 - 内特·坎皮恩当时在床上。 - - Nate Champion is in bed. 353 00:18:10,542 --> 00:18:14,375 坎皮恩伸手到枕头下掏出一把左轮手枪， - Champion reaches under his pillow and pulls up a revolver, 354 00:18:15,958 --> 00:18:17,125 开始射击。 - and starts shooting. 355 00:18:18,875 --> 00:18:20,208 - 发生了一场枪战。 - - There's a gun fight. 356 00:18:21,458 --> 00:18:23,417 坎皮恩击中了他们中的几个人。 - Champion hits a couple of them. 357 00:18:25,458 --> 00:18:26,750 他们逃跑了， - They flee, 358 00:18:29,167 --> 00:18:31,750 没能抓住内特·坎皮恩。 - and they're not able to get Nate Champion. 359 00:18:33,958 --> 00:18:36,250 等到危险过去后， - Once the coast is clear, 360 00:18:36,250 --> 00:18:38,750 坎皮恩找到了一把还在冒烟的枪。 - Champion finds a literal smoking gun. 361 00:18:40,250 --> 00:18:42,875 - 他做了最简单的取证，发现这把枪属于 - - He does the minimal forensics to realize that it belongs 362 00:18:42,875 --> 00:18:47,292 弗兰克·坎顿，养牛大亨们的一个关键人物。 - to Frank Canton, a key player for the cattle barons. 363 00:18:47,292 --> 00:18:50,125 所以现在内特·坎皮恩有能力 - So now Nate Champion is in a position 364 00:18:50,125 --> 00:18:52,333 扳倒弗兰克·坎顿。 - to bring down Frank Canton. 365 00:18:53,667 --> 00:18:56,375 - 这对畜牧协会来说是个真正的问题。 - - This is a real problem for the Stock Growers Association. 366 00:18:56,375 --> 00:19:00,208 如果这些畜牧侦探中有人上了法庭， - If one of these stock detectives ends up in court, 367 00:19:00,208 --> 00:19:04,042 他们将被迫指证他们的雇主。 - they will be forced to testify against their employers. 368 00:19:07,375 --> 00:19:10,125 内特·坎皮恩可能揭穿整个黑幕。 - Nate Champion could blow the lid off the whole thing. 369 00:19:14,375 --> 00:19:16,708 1890年，随着宅地农民 - In 1890, as tensions between homesteaders 370 00:19:16,708 --> 00:19:21,375 与畜牧主之间的紧张局势加剧，怀俄明加入联邦， - and stock growers intensify, Wyoming enters the Union 371 00:19:21,375 --> 00:19:25,542 成为第44个州，首府设在夏延。 - as the 44th state, with Cheyenne as its capital. 372 00:19:26,417 --> 00:19:27,708 养牛大亨们被任命 - Cattle barons are appointed 373 00:19:27,708 --> 00:19:30,292 担任政府要职， - to important positions in the government, 374 00:19:30,292 --> 00:19:32,667 在州议会大厦举行会议， - hold meetings in the Capitol, 375 00:19:32,667 --> 00:19:35,458 并插手州长 - and have a hand in electing the state's governor, 376 00:19:35,458 --> 00:19:37,292 及两位参议员的选举。 - and its two senators. 377 00:19:37,292 --> 00:19:39,500 - 这三个人都是共和党人。 - - All three of them are Republicans. 378 00:19:39,500 --> 00:19:43,042 本杰明·哈里森总统也是共和党人， - President Benjamin Harrison is also a Republican, 379 00:19:43,042 --> 00:19:45,667 所以这些都是互相认识的人， - so these are people who know each other, 380 00:19:45,667 --> 00:19:48,667 因此他们乐观地认为会得到一些合作。 - so they're optimistic that they'll get some cooperation. 381 00:19:49,583 --> 00:19:51,542 就在养牛大亨们巩固 - As the cattle barons consolidate 382 00:19:51,542 --> 00:19:54,833 其权力之际，美国国内也正处在 - their power, the nation itself is in the midst 383 00:19:54,833 --> 00:19:56,625 工人与雇佣他们的 - of a fight between workers 384 00:19:56,625 --> 00:19:58,917 百万富翁之间的斗争之中。 - and the millionaires who employ them. 385 00:19:59,875 --> 00:20:03,167 - 在数千英里之外的宾夕法尼亚州霍姆斯特德， - - Thousands of miles away in Homestead, Pennsylvania, 386 00:20:03,167 --> 00:20:05,000 安德鲁·卡内基正处于 - Andrew Carnegie is in the midst 387 00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:07,833 镇压钢铁工人工会的过程中。 - of crushing the Steel Workers Union. 388 00:20:07,833 --> 00:20:10,958 他将这些工会化工人视为 - He sees these unionized workers as people 389 00:20:10,958 --> 00:20:13,708 妨碍他赚取数百万利润的人， - that are undermining his ability to make his millions, 390 00:20:13,708 --> 00:20:16,375 于是他不遗余力地镇压他们， - and so he does everything in his power to crush them, 391 00:20:16,375 --> 00:20:21,417 包括雇佣了一支300人的平克顿私家军队。 - including hiring a private army of 300 Pinkertons. 392 00:20:22,417 --> 00:20:25,083 - 马克·吐温将1875年至1900年 - - Mark Twain described the years between 1875 393 00:20:25,083 --> 00:20:27,333 这段时期描述为"镀金时代"， - and 1900 as the Gilded Age, 394 00:20:27,333 --> 00:20:29,542 这是工业革命的结果， - a result of the Industrial Revolution 395 00:20:29,542 --> 00:20:32,042 处于顶层的人们享有巨大的财富和权力， - where people at the top enjoyed enormous wealth 396 00:20:32,042 --> 00:20:35,250 其代价是牺牲东部的工厂工人 - and power at the expense of factory workers in the East, 397 00:20:35,250 --> 00:20:37,625 和西部的小农。 - and small farmers in the West. 398 00:20:37,625 --> 00:20:40,250 - 国家这些巨大的自然资源， - - These enormous natural resources of the country, 399 00:20:40,250 --> 00:20:42,500 这广袤的一切，全部的资源， - this vast amount, the whole lot of it, 400 00:20:42,500 --> 00:20:45,208 正落入越来越少 - is coming into the ownership of a smaller 401 00:20:45,208 --> 00:20:47,333 的一群人手中。 - and smaller group of people. 402 00:20:47,333 --> 00:20:50,083 此时，富人已经有能力 - At this point, the wealthy have the power to be able 403 00:20:50,083 --> 00:20:54,750 煽动大规模暴力来对付小人物， - to incite violence at a mass level against the smaller guys, 404 00:20:54,750 --> 00:20:56,208 而且有时他们确实这么做了。 - and at times, they do. 405 00:20:57,542 --> 00:20:59,292 东部如此， - As it is in the East, 406 00:20:59,292 --> 00:21:01,583 西部亦然， - so it goes in the West, 407 00:21:01,583 --> 00:21:04,500 但养牛大亨们走得更远， - but the cattle barons go even further 408 00:21:04,500 --> 00:21:08,375 他们雇佣私家军队来除掉他们的死敌。 - and hire private armies to take out their worst enemies. 409 00:21:08,375 --> 00:21:10,167 - 养牛大亨们列了一份名单， - - The cattle barons make a list 410 00:21:10,167 --> 00:21:12,917 上面有约翰逊县的70个人 - of 70 individuals up in Johnson County 411 00:21:12,917 --> 00:21:17,833 必须被清除，我的意思就是"干掉"， - that must be eliminated, by which I mean eliminated, 412 00:21:17,833 --> 00:21:20,583 他们头号要除掉的就是内特·坎皮恩。 - and the number one they want to get is Nate Champion. 413 00:21:20,583 --> 00:21:23,583 - 名单包括了内特·坎皮恩的北怀俄明 - - The list included many homesteaders 414 00:21:23,583 --> 00:21:26,000 畜牧协会中的 - in Nate Champion's Northern Wyoming 415 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:28,333 许多宅地农民， - Stock Growers Association, 416 00:21:28,333 --> 00:21:32,667 以及任何碍事的宅地农民。 - and anyone whose homestead is in the way. 417 00:21:32,667 --> 00:21:35,417 - 这不只是一群牧场主、 - - This is not just a bunch of ranchers, 418 00:21:35,417 --> 00:21:37,542 雇工或牛仔。 - or hired hands, or cowboys. 419 00:21:37,542 --> 00:21:39,542 这份死亡名单上是约翰逊县的 - The kill list is of prominent people 420 00:21:39,542 --> 00:21:42,375 头面人物，有警长、法官、 - of Johnson County, sheriffs, and judges, 421 00:21:42,375 --> 00:21:45,208 市议员和报人， - and city council members, and newspapermen, 422 00:21:45,208 --> 00:21:46,917 这实际上是一场内战。 - so it's a civil war effectively. 423 00:21:48,958 --> 00:21:51,458 - 畜牧协会决定他们需要 - - The Stock Growers Association decides they're gonna need 424 00:21:51,458 --> 00:21:53,250 为此雇佣一些枪手。 - to get some hired guns for this. 425 00:21:54,458 --> 00:21:59,708 - 他们招募了25名亡命之徒，来自德克萨斯的枪手， - - They recruit 25 Desperadoes, gunmen from Texas, 426 00:21:59,708 --> 00:22:02,542 承诺每天支付5美元的费用， - with the promise of $5 a day for expenses, 427 00:22:02,542 --> 00:22:06,792 每杀死一个盗畜者额外支付50美元。 - and $50 for every rustler that they kill. 428 00:22:06,792 --> 00:22:08,708 - 在我们看来，他们就是职业杀手。 - - Now, to us, they look like hit men. 429 00:22:08,708 --> 00:22:11,208 在他们自己看来，他们是在为约翰逊县伸张正义， - To them, they were bringing justice to Johnson County, 430 00:22:11,208 --> 00:22:14,583 一个在他们心目中已陷入无政府状态的地方。 - a place that, in their minds, had descended into anarchy. 431 00:22:14,583 --> 00:22:17,708 - 约翰逊县的人会称他们为入侵者， - - People in Johnson County are gonna call them invaders, 432 00:22:17,708 --> 00:22:21,833 因为他们基本上就是来入侵约翰逊县的， - because they're coming to basically invade Johnson County, 433 00:22:21,833 --> 00:22:24,417 来接管这里，来杀人。 - to take over, and to kill people. 434 00:22:25,667 --> 00:22:28,208 雇佣枪手们乘坐私家火车 - The hired guns travel from Texas 435 00:22:28,208 --> 00:22:29,542 从德克萨斯出发， - by a private train 436 00:22:29,542 --> 00:22:32,500 去与养牛大亨和弗兰克·坎顿会合。 - to meet the cattle barons and Frank Canton. 437 00:22:32,500 --> 00:22:37,292 - 他们随后被配备了马匹和步枪。 - - They're then equipped with horses, with rifles. 438 00:22:37,292 --> 00:22:42,208 他们有一辆满载弹药、食物、 - They have a wagon that's got tons of ammunition, and food, 439 00:22:42,208 --> 00:22:45,750 甚至炸药的马车，然后他们就出发了， - and even dynamite, and off they go, 440 00:22:45,750 --> 00:22:48,208 直奔约翰逊县的中心地带。 - headed for the heart of Johnson County. 441 00:22:48,208 --> 00:22:50,417 - 途中，他们发现 - - On the way, they find out 442 00:22:50,417 --> 00:22:53,583 内特·坎皮恩正待在KC牧场， - that Nate Champion is staying on the KC Ranch, 443 00:22:53,583 --> 00:22:55,750 那里正好在去往布法罗的路上， - which is right on the way to Buffalo, 444 00:22:55,750 --> 00:22:58,625 他们想，如果能伏击坎皮恩， - and they thought, if they could ambush Champion, 445 00:22:58,625 --> 00:23:01,250 就能从名单上除掉一个关键目标， - they would get one of their key suspects off their list, 446 00:23:01,250 --> 00:23:02,958 相当于斩蛇头。 - cutting the head off the snake. 447 00:23:08,250 --> 00:23:10,417 - 当他们接近KC牧场时， - - As they near the KC Ranch, 448 00:23:10,417 --> 00:23:14,667 入侵者切断了电报线，以防止 - the invaders cut the telegraph lines to prevent news 449 00:23:14,667 --> 00:23:17,875 他们到来的消息传到约翰逊县。 - of their arrival from getting to Johnson County. 450 00:23:19,375 --> 00:23:22,167 1892年4月9日， - On April 9th, 1892, 451 00:23:22,167 --> 00:23:26,000 养牛大亨的私刑军队悄悄包围了 - the cattle baron's vigilante army quietly surrounds 452 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:27,792 KC牧场。 - the KC Ranch. 453 00:23:32,375 --> 00:23:33,917 - 内特·坎皮恩当时正待在KC牧场， - - Nate Champion is staying at the KC Ranch 454 00:23:33,917 --> 00:23:36,875 和他的一位朋友以及另外两个人在一起。 - along with one of his friends and two other men. 455 00:23:36,875 --> 00:23:39,333 - 有两个人出去打水， - - Two of the guys go out to get water, 456 00:23:39,333 --> 00:23:42,417 但没有回来。 - and they don't come back. 457 00:23:42,417 --> 00:23:46,542 内特·坎皮恩和他的朋友尼克·雷意识到， - Nate Champion and his friend, Nick Ray, realize 458 00:23:46,542 --> 00:23:48,292 "他们人呢？ - that, "Where are they? 459 00:23:48,292 --> 00:23:49,792 出事了。" - Something's going on here." 460 00:23:54,333 --> 00:23:55,917 - 雷决定出去看看。 - - Ray decides he's gonna go look. 461 00:24:05,750 --> 00:24:08,375 - 突然间，坎皮恩明白发生了什么， - - Suddenly, Champion, he knows what's going on, 462 00:24:08,375 --> 00:24:10,542 问题是，他能活着出去吗？ - and the question is, can he get out alive? 463 00:24:17,583 --> 00:24:20,917 - 他在这里火力处于50比1的劣势， - - He's outgunned here by 50 to one, 464 00:24:20,917 --> 00:24:22,917 但他实际上击中了其中三人， - but he actually hits three of them, 465 00:24:24,583 --> 00:24:28,417 并且确实成功地将他们阻挡了几个小时。 - and he does manage to keep them at bay for several hours. 466 00:24:30,375 --> 00:24:32,542 - 于是，对峙开始了。 - - And so, a standoff ensues. 467 00:24:32,542 --> 00:24:34,750 他躲藏在自己的小屋里。 - He was holed up in his cabin. 468 00:24:34,750 --> 00:24:37,125 他能做的不多。 - There wasn't a lot he could do. 469 00:24:37,125 --> 00:24:38,375 他可以投降， - He could give up, 470 00:24:38,375 --> 00:24:40,042 但他知道那可能意味着必死无疑。 - but he knows that might mean certain death. 471 00:24:41,583 --> 00:24:43,125 内特·坎皮恩被围困了， - Nate Champion is under siege, 472 00:24:44,542 --> 00:24:46,250 然而他却开始写日记， - and yet he starts to take a diary, 473 00:24:46,250 --> 00:24:47,625 记录下正在发生的事情。 - and write down what's happening. 474 00:24:47,625 --> 00:24:49,708 我看到12或15个人。 - I see 12 or 15 men. 475 00:24:50,625 --> 00:24:53,208 其中一个看起来像弗兰克·坎顿。 - One of them looks like Frank Canton. 476 00:24:53,208 --> 00:24:55,417 - 你会开始觉得，尽管他非常孤独， - - You start to think that even though he's very alone, 477 00:24:55,417 --> 00:24:57,250 但他感觉自己是一个更宏大事业的一部分。 - he feels like he's part of something bigger. 478 00:24:57,250 --> 00:24:59,458 - 他要提供证据， - - He's gonna provide evidence 479 00:24:59,458 --> 00:25:01,583 证明养牛大亨是这次袭击的幕后黑手， - that the cattlemen were behind the attack 480 00:25:01,583 --> 00:25:04,292 这样，即使他死了， - so that, if he was gonna die, 481 00:25:04,292 --> 00:25:06,708 至少不会白死。 - at least he wasn't gonna die in vain. 482 00:25:06,708 --> 00:25:09,708 - 有一次，他的一个朋友骑马经过， - - At one point, a friend of his rides by 483 00:25:09,708 --> 00:25:14,167 并与这些雇佣来的入侵枪手交火。 - and exchanges gunfire with these hired invader gunmen. 484 00:25:16,875 --> 00:25:19,833 - 他意识到这里发生了非常糟糕的事情， - - He realizes that something really bad is going on here, 485 00:25:21,125 --> 00:25:24,833 于是，他快马加鞭赶回布法罗去寻求帮助。 - and so, he galloped back to Buffalo to get help. 486 00:25:26,583 --> 00:25:29,000 弗兰克·坎顿和他的杀手们猜测 - Frank Canton and his hitman suspect 487 00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:32,625 布法罗的救援人员很快就会赶来， - that rescuers from Buffalo will soon be on their way, 488 00:25:32,625 --> 00:25:35,583 他们最好快点解决内特·坎皮恩。 - and they better get Nate Champion fast. 489 00:25:37,042 --> 00:25:40,958 - 他们找来一辆马车，点上火， - - They take this cart, which they light on fire, 490 00:25:40,958 --> 00:25:46,042 然后用力推向小屋。 - and then push very firmly toward the cabin. 491 00:25:51,458 --> 00:25:53,250 小屋着火了， - Cabin catches on fire 492 00:25:54,375 --> 00:25:57,958 内特·坎皮恩一边射击，一边写着。 - and Nate Champion is shooting, writing. 493 00:25:57,958 --> 00:25:59,875 房子全烧起来了。 - The house is all fired. 494 00:25:59,875 --> 00:26:02,125 兄弟们，子弹像冰雹一样打进来。 - Boys, there's bullets coming in like hail. 495 00:26:03,208 --> 00:26:05,750 看来他们这次不打算让我逃走了。 - Don't think they intend to let me get away this time. 496 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:14,083 时间是1892年，后来被称为 - It's 1892 and what will become known 497 00:26:14,083 --> 00:26:17,417 "约翰逊县战争"的事件正在进行中。 - as the Johnson County War is underway. 498 00:26:19,708 --> 00:26:23,625 在怀俄明一个偏远的小屋里，小牧场主 - In a remote Wyoming cabin, small time cattle rancher, 499 00:26:23,625 --> 00:26:26,708 内特·坎皮恩，正在与养牛大亨雇佣的 - Nate Champion, is fighting a hit squad 500 00:26:26,708 --> 00:26:30,208 杀手小队作战，他的选择不多了。 - hired by cattle barons, and he's running out of options. 501 00:26:32,875 --> 00:26:36,042 - 内特·坎皮恩藏身的小屋 - - The cabin where Nate Champion is holed up 502 00:26:36,042 --> 00:26:38,958 着火了，里面充满了浓烟。 - catches on fire, it's filling up with smoke. 503 00:26:40,625 --> 00:26:43,708 - 他被几十个杀手包围了。 - - He's surrounded by dozens of killers. 504 00:26:43,708 --> 00:26:45,083 无路可逃。 - There's no way out. 505 00:26:46,208 --> 00:26:49,833 令人惊讶的是，他在那时还写了日记。 - Astonishing that he writes a journal at that time. 506 00:26:50,792 --> 00:26:52,542 我想我会尝试冲出去。 - I think I'll make a break for it. 507 00:26:52,542 --> 00:26:55,667 他们还在朝房子四周射击。 - They're still shooting at all around the house. 508 00:26:55,667 --> 00:26:58,083 再见了，兄弟们，如果再也见不到你们了。 - Goodbye, boys, if I never see you again. 509 00:26:59,458 --> 00:27:02,250 - 坎皮恩知道自己的结局不会好。 - - Champion knows that this isn't gonna end well for him. 510 00:27:05,958 --> 00:27:09,208 - 他冲向山沟。 - - He makes a run for the ravine. 511 00:27:16,833 --> 00:27:20,625 有很多人在向他射击。 - There are all these people shooting at him. 512 00:27:21,750 --> 00:27:23,708 - 而内特·坎皮恩 - - And Nate Champion 513 00:27:25,083 --> 00:27:27,042 在一阵弹雨中中枪倒地。 - is gunned down in a hail of bullets. 514 00:27:34,542 --> 00:27:37,917 弗兰克·坎顿找到了内特的日记。 - Frank Canton finds Nate's diary. 515 00:27:37,917 --> 00:27:41,917 他撕下一页，并在内特的尸体上留下了警告。 - He tears out a page, and leaves a warning on Nate's body. 516 00:27:49,750 --> 00:27:51,708 - 那张字条是这个故事的关键部分， - - That note is a key part of the story, 517 00:27:51,708 --> 00:27:54,375 因为杀死内特·坎皮恩，在某种程度上， - because killing Nate Champion, in a way, 518 00:27:54,375 --> 00:27:56,208 是一种恐怖主义行为。 - it's an act of terrorism. 519 00:27:56,208 --> 00:27:58,583 与其说是为了执法或寻求正义， - More than about enforcing the law or finding justice, 520 00:27:58,583 --> 00:28:00,042 不如说是为了恐吓人们。 - it's about scaring people. 521 00:28:00,042 --> 00:28:01,375 是为了告诉人们会发生什么， - It's about telling people what'll happen, 522 00:28:01,375 --> 00:28:03,333 即使他们以为自己能逃脱惩罚， - even if they think they're gonna get away with it, 523 00:28:03,333 --> 00:28:04,958 也是为了告诉人们，如果他们 - and it's about telling people what's gonna happen 524 00:28:04,958 --> 00:28:08,042 与怀俄明畜牧协会作对会有什么下场。 - if they cross the Wyoming Stock Growers Association. 525 00:28:08,042 --> 00:28:10,292 约翰逊县将不再欢迎 - Johnson County is not gonna be welcome 526 00:28:10,292 --> 00:28:12,917 像内特·坎皮恩这样的人了。 - to people like Nate Champion anymore. 527 00:28:12,917 --> 00:28:15,042 - 当内特·坎皮恩的朋友们发现 - - When Nate Champion's friends discover 528 00:28:15,042 --> 00:28:17,333 他被谋杀后，他们敲响了警钟， - that he's been murdered, they sound the alarm, 529 00:28:17,333 --> 00:28:19,833 并准备去追捕那些入侵者。 - and they're gonna go after the invaders. 530 00:28:20,875 --> 00:28:23,875 - 约翰逊县的警长，红安格斯， - - The sheriff of Johnson County, Red Angus, 531 00:28:23,875 --> 00:28:27,583 能够召集起250人。 - is able to round up 250 men. 532 00:28:27,583 --> 00:28:29,792 这将是镇民 - It's gonna be the townspeople 533 00:28:29,792 --> 00:28:33,083 和宅地农民对抗大牧场主。 - and the homesteaders against the big cattle ranchers. 534 00:28:34,542 --> 00:28:36,500 坎顿和他的手下已经失去了 - Canton and his men have lost 535 00:28:36,500 --> 00:28:38,292 突袭的优势。 - the element of surprise. 536 00:28:38,292 --> 00:28:40,958 现在全县的人都出来抓他们了。 - Now the whole county is out to get them. 537 00:28:42,625 --> 00:28:45,375 弗兰克·坎顿的手下决定躲藏到 - Frank Canton's men decided they would hole up 538 00:28:45,375 --> 00:28:47,792 TA牧场，盘算下一步该怎么办， - at the TA Ranch to figure out what they were gonna do, 539 00:28:47,792 --> 00:28:50,167 既然他们的计划已经有点失败了。 - now that their plan had sort of fallen apart. 540 00:28:50,167 --> 00:28:52,208 安格斯警长和他的民团 - Sheriff Angus and his posse 541 00:28:52,208 --> 00:28:54,708 追踪坎顿的入侵者到了那个牧场。 - track Canton's invaders to the ranch. 542 00:28:56,750 --> 00:28:58,250 - 宅地农民包围了牧场。 - - Homesteaders surround the ranch. 543 00:29:00,750 --> 00:29:02,125 在短短几天内的第二次， - For the second time in as many days, 544 00:29:02,125 --> 00:29:03,750 我们将面临一场围困。 - we were gonna have a siege. 545 00:29:07,917 --> 00:29:09,542 - 入侵者们为了自保， - - Invaders, to save themselves, 546 00:29:09,542 --> 00:29:13,208 把自己关在里面，设置了狙击手位置， - barricade themselves in, set up sharpshooter positions, 547 00:29:13,208 --> 00:29:16,000 这开始了持续数天的对峙。 - and this begins a several day standoff. 548 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:18,458 - 那时的牧场设计就是为了防御， - - Ranches at this time were designed to be defended, 549 00:29:18,458 --> 00:29:20,708 因为最早的牧场是暴力从原住民手中 - because the earliest ranches were part of a process 550 00:29:20,708 --> 00:29:22,875 夺取土地过程的一部分。 - of taking land violently from Native Peoples. 551 00:29:36,875 --> 00:29:38,875 关于美国西部的这类对决， - Now, the thing to know about these kind of showdowns 552 00:29:38,875 --> 00:29:40,375 要知道，我们都有从电视或电影中 - in the American West, is we all have this image 553 00:29:40,375 --> 00:29:42,125 得来的印象， - we get from television or the movies, 554 00:29:42,125 --> 00:29:43,875 觉得每个人都是神枪手。 - where everybody's an incredible shot. 555 00:29:43,875 --> 00:29:45,708 他们能射中天上的鸟。 - They can shoot a bird outta the sky. 556 00:29:45,708 --> 00:29:48,708 现实中，人们的枪并不可靠。 - In reality, people's guns were unreliable. 557 00:29:48,708 --> 00:29:50,333 有很多战斗，人们只是 - There were a lot of fights where people were 558 00:29:50,333 --> 00:29:52,375 在开枪，但没人被击中。 - just shooting and nobody was getting hit. 559 00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:56,458 - TA牧场的围困 - - The siege at the TA ranch is going 560 00:29:56,458 --> 00:29:59,250 将持续数天， - to take place over several days, 561 00:29:59,250 --> 00:30:02,292 在此期间，民团的人数在增加， - and while that's happening, posse is growing, 562 00:30:02,292 --> 00:30:06,083 将达到约400人。 - and it's gonna get up to around 400 people. 563 00:30:07,333 --> 00:30:10,042 - 但入侵者们给自己制造了麻烦。 - - But the invaders have created a problem for themselves. 564 00:30:10,042 --> 00:30:11,917 最初的计划是突袭约翰逊县的 - The original plan was to surprise everyone 565 00:30:11,917 --> 00:30:13,500 所有人， - in Johnson County, 566 00:30:13,500 --> 00:30:15,917 计划的一部分就是切断电报线。 - and part of that plan had been cutting the telegraph lines. 567 00:30:15,917 --> 00:30:17,958 这在当时似乎是个好主意， - That had seemed like a good idea at the time, 568 00:30:17,958 --> 00:30:19,375 但他们犯了一个错误， - but they made a mistake, 569 00:30:19,375 --> 00:30:21,708 因为他们无法把求救信息 - because they had no way to get word back 570 00:30:21,708 --> 00:30:23,208 传出去。 - that they were in trouble. 571 00:30:23,208 --> 00:30:25,167 被困且被包围后， - Trapped and surrounded, 572 00:30:25,167 --> 00:30:27,792 坎顿设法派了一名信使 - Canton manages to send a runner out 573 00:30:27,792 --> 00:30:29,708 穿过封锁线去求救。 - through the blockade to plea for help. 574 00:30:34,208 --> 00:30:36,333 信使找到了怀俄明州州长， - He reaches the governor of Wyoming, 575 00:30:36,333 --> 00:30:39,083 州长向华盛顿特区发了电报。 - who sends a telegram to Washington, DC. 576 00:30:40,292 --> 00:30:43,208 - 与此同时，约翰逊县的人们 - - Meanwhile, the people of Johnson County 577 00:30:43,208 --> 00:30:45,292 正将攻城武器移向小屋。 - are moving these siege weapons in towards the cabin. 578 00:30:45,292 --> 00:30:47,333 他们准备用炸药攻击。 - They're going to send in dynamite. 579 00:30:47,333 --> 00:30:50,958 这将导致整个入侵军队的覆灭。 - It's gonna be the death of the entire invading army. 580 00:30:50,958 --> 00:30:52,125 这将是一场大屠杀。 - This is going to be a massacre. 581 00:30:57,208 --> 00:30:58,875 在怀俄明州约翰逊县， - In Johnson County, Wyoming, 582 00:30:58,875 --> 00:31:01,458 养牛大亨与小牧场主之间 - a simmering conflict between cattle barons 583 00:31:01,458 --> 00:31:05,167 酝酿已久的冲突已经演变成暴力事件。 - and small ranchers has erupted into violence. 584 00:31:06,208 --> 00:31:10,042 雇佣杀手弗兰克·坎顿和他的手下面对着一群 - Hired assassin, Frank Canton, and his men faced a posse 585 00:31:10,042 --> 00:31:13,542 一心复仇的愤怒民众组成的民团， - of angry citizens bent on revenge, 586 00:31:13,542 --> 00:31:16,500 但他成功地向数千英里之外的 - but he has managed to send out a plea for help 587 00:31:16,500 --> 00:31:19,500 强大盟友发出了求救。 - to powerful allies, thousands of miles away. 588 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:24,083 - 来自怀俄明州的两位参议员，通过电报 - - The two senators from Wyoming, alerted by the telegraph 589 00:31:24,083 --> 00:31:28,208 得知此事后， literally go from their homes - that this is happening, literally go from their homes 590 00:31:28,208 --> 00:31:30,542 从他们在华盛顿特区的家中前往白宫， - in Washington DC to the White House 591 00:31:30,542 --> 00:31:32,000 时值深夜。 - in the middle of the night. 592 00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:35,833 - 哈里森总统当时在家睡觉， - - President Harrison, who's at home asleep, 593 00:31:35,833 --> 00:31:37,917 他们派人进去叫醒他， - they get someone to go in, and wake him up, 594 00:31:37,917 --> 00:31:41,000 告诉他怀俄明州正在发生一场叛乱， - and tell him there's an insurrection underway, 595 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:43,625 一场激烈的叛乱。 - a violent insurrection underway in Wyoming. 596 00:31:44,875 --> 00:31:46,708 - "叛乱"这个词在19世纪的美国人听来 - - And the word insurrection is a powerful one 597 00:31:46,708 --> 00:31:48,875 分量很重， - for Americans in the 19th century, 598 00:31:48,875 --> 00:31:50,708 因为所有这些人都经历过 - because all of these people had lived 599 00:31:50,708 --> 00:31:52,542 美国内战， - through the American Civil War, 600 00:31:52,542 --> 00:31:57,125 他们最害怕的就是美国政府失去权威， - and they feared more than anything a loss of authority 601 00:31:57,125 --> 00:31:59,042 以及发生一场 - of the United States government, and the possibility 602 00:31:59,042 --> 00:32:01,125 有实质影响的叛乱的可能性。 - for a meaningful insurrection. 603 00:32:01,125 --> 00:32:02,708 意识到事态严重， - Realizing the stakes, 604 00:32:02,708 --> 00:32:06,042 哈里森总统立即采取了行动。 - President Harrison wastes no time. 605 00:32:06,042 --> 00:32:09,208 - 本杰明·哈里森向位于约翰逊县的 - - Benjamin Harrison sends a telegram to Fort McKinney, 606 00:32:09,208 --> 00:32:11,333 麦金尼堡发出电报， - which is in Johnson County, 607 00:32:11,333 --> 00:32:16,875 美国军队随即出动营救入侵者。 - and the US military rides to the rescue of the invaders. 608 00:32:16,875 --> 00:32:19,042 - 本杰明·哈里森总统出身于 - - President Benjamin Harrison's from one of 609 00:32:19,042 --> 00:32:22,625 弗吉尼亚最古老的贵族种植园家族之一。 - the oldest aristocratic Virginia plantation families. 610 00:32:22,625 --> 00:32:27,417 他的高祖父是开国元勋之一。 - His great-great-grandfather was one of the founding fathers. 611 00:32:27,417 --> 00:32:30,375 他的祖父，威廉·亨利·哈里森， - His grandfather, William Henry Harrison, 612 00:32:30,375 --> 00:32:32,375 也曾短暂担任过总统， - who was also briefly a president, 613 00:32:32,375 --> 00:32:36,417 所以我们看到这位贵族在帮助养牛大亨。 - and so we see this aristocrat helping out the cattle barons. 614 00:32:36,417 --> 00:32:38,458 - 这是一个关系非常紧密的群体， - - This is a pretty tight-knit group, 615 00:32:38,458 --> 00:32:42,000 养牛大亨们影响力巨大。 - and the cattle barons have a lot of influence. 616 00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:44,500 - 在TA牧场，字面意义上的骑兵到了， - - At the TA ranch, literally the cavalry arrives, 617 00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:49,167 这是美国权威的有形体现。 - a visible form of the United States' authority. 618 00:32:49,167 --> 00:32:52,333 坎顿向美国骑兵投降。 - Canton surrenders to the US cavalry. 619 00:32:52,333 --> 00:32:54,667 他损失了两名手下， - He's lost two of his men, 620 00:32:54,667 --> 00:32:57,958 都是被自己的枪绊倒而丧生。 - both killed by tripping over their own guns. 621 00:32:59,792 --> 00:33:04,333 坎顿和其他45人被押送回夏延， - Canton and 45 others are escorted back to Cheyenne 622 00:33:04,333 --> 00:33:08,375 在那里被关进监狱，等待谋杀案的审判。 - where they're put in jail to await trial for murder. 623 00:33:13,167 --> 00:33:15,292 - 宅地农民相信美国政府 - - Homesteaders believe that the United States government 624 00:33:15,292 --> 00:33:16,542 会将那些人绳之以法， - is gonna bring those men to justice, 625 00:33:16,542 --> 00:33:17,875 他们会为像内特·坎皮恩 - and that they're gonna get justice 626 00:33:17,875 --> 00:33:19,958 那样的人讨回公道， - for people like Nate Champion, 627 00:33:19,958 --> 00:33:21,750 并且相信他们能够创造一个 - and they believe that they can create a world 628 00:33:21,750 --> 00:33:23,625 自己能拥有发言权的世界。 - in which they have a say in it. 629 00:33:23,625 --> 00:33:28,750 - 他们发现了列有70人名单的暗杀名单， - - They find the hit list of the 70 names of people 630 00:33:28,750 --> 00:33:32,250 这些人都是预定要被刺杀的。 - who were to be assassinated. 631 00:33:32,250 --> 00:33:34,667 那是相当有力的证据。 - That's a pretty good piece of evidence. 632 00:33:34,667 --> 00:33:37,042 - 我们可能会认为那是确凿证据， - - We might imagine that's a smoking gun, 633 00:33:37,042 --> 00:33:38,917 但我们也必须考虑到 - but we also have to remember the perspective 634 00:33:38,917 --> 00:33:40,500 养牛大亨的立场。 - of the cattle barons. 635 00:33:40,500 --> 00:33:44,167 如果那些人实际上是窃贼，那就不是确凿证据。 - It's not a smoking gun if those people are, in fact, thieves. 636 00:33:44,167 --> 00:33:46,458 他们相信自己是在做正确的事。 - They believed they were doing the right thing for them. 637 00:33:46,458 --> 00:33:49,125 司法不公体现在试图 - The miscarriage of justice was the attempt 638 00:33:49,125 --> 00:33:51,542 给这些人定罪，要他们为 - to convict these people, to hold them to account 639 00:33:51,542 --> 00:33:54,167 正当清除约翰逊县的盗牛贼而负责。 - for rightfully ridding Johnson County of cattle thieves. 640 00:33:55,875 --> 00:33:58,625 养牛大亨雇佣了昂贵的律师 - The cattle barons hire expensive attorneys 641 00:33:58,625 --> 00:34:02,708 为入侵者辩护，但他们并不止步于此。 - to defend the invaders, but they don't stop there. 642 00:34:02,708 --> 00:34:06,792 在接下来的几周里，证人消失了， - In the weeks that follow, witnesses disappear, 643 00:34:06,792 --> 00:34:09,333 审判日期被推迟， - trial dates are pushed back, 644 00:34:09,333 --> 00:34:12,042 直到最终，县里资金耗尽。 - until eventually, the county runs out of money. 645 00:34:13,417 --> 00:34:17,250 - 他们被羁押了大约四个月。 - - They remain in custody for approximately four months. 646 00:34:17,250 --> 00:34:19,208 在那段时间结束时， - At the end of that time period, 647 00:34:19,208 --> 00:34:21,458 他们的武器被归还， - they are given back their weapons, 648 00:34:21,458 --> 00:34:24,292 并在无需保释的情况下获释。 - and released on their own recognizance. 649 00:34:25,333 --> 00:34:26,708 - 他们全部被宣告无罪。 - - They're all acquitted. 650 00:34:26,708 --> 00:34:29,583 没有人需要为这场暴力付出任何代价。 - Nobody has to pay any price for this violence. 651 00:34:30,917 --> 00:34:33,750 - 他们去参加在夏延俱乐部 - - They go to a big party that's thrown 652 00:34:33,750 --> 00:34:35,583 为他们举办的大型派对， - for them at the Cheyenne Club, 653 00:34:36,542 --> 00:34:39,167 他们享用香槟庆祝， - and they're feted with champagne, 654 00:34:39,167 --> 00:34:42,625 获赠纪念戒指，被当作英雄对待。 - and given commemorative rings, treated as heroes. 655 00:34:44,875 --> 00:34:46,542 - 最终，所有参与入侵的人 - - In the end, all the men 656 00:34:46,542 --> 00:34:49,125 都因其所作所为获得了报酬。 - who participate in the invasion are paid for what they did. 657 00:34:49,125 --> 00:34:50,750 他们因坐牢的时间获得报酬， - They're paid for their time in jail, 658 00:34:50,750 --> 00:34:52,875 也因参与杀戮获得报酬。 - and for their involvement in the killings. 659 00:34:52,875 --> 00:34:56,958 - 甚至因为除掉了内特·坎皮恩而获得了额外奖金。 - - And are even given a bonus for getting Nate Champion. 660 00:34:56,958 --> 00:34:59,375 雇佣枪手们重新登上火车， - The hired gunman get back on the train, 661 00:34:59,375 --> 00:35:02,083 返回德克萨斯，他们就这样逍遥法外了。 - go back to Texas, and they get away with it. 662 00:35:05,083 --> 00:35:06,667 - 事情立刻变得很清楚， - - And it's immediately clear 663 00:35:06,667 --> 00:35:09,333 正义永远无法得到伸张， - that justice is never going to be done, 664 00:35:09,333 --> 00:35:12,833 这是一场官方的军事掩盖，其范围 - that this is official military coverup extending 665 00:35:12,833 --> 00:35:15,042 直达美国政府最高层， - to the highest reaches of the American government, 666 00:35:15,042 --> 00:35:17,375 直至美国总统本人， - to the president of the United States himself, 667 00:35:17,375 --> 00:35:21,375 保护那些试图非法维护其生活方式 - protecting capitalists who are illegally trying 668 00:35:21,375 --> 00:35:23,000 以对抗合法宅地农民的 - to protect their way of life 669 00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:26,417 资本家们。 - against legitimate homesteaders. 670 00:35:26,417 --> 00:35:28,250 我们称之为"约翰逊县战争"。 - We call it the Johnson County War. 671 00:35:28,250 --> 00:35:29,750 这是一场内战， - It's a civil war, 672 00:35:30,708 --> 00:35:33,042 也是美国历史上最严重的 - and it's one of the greatest miscarriages 673 00:35:33,042 --> 00:35:35,792 司法不公事件之一。 - of justice in American history. 674 00:35:35,792 --> 00:35:37,333 - 大多数报纸对这场 - - Most of the newspaper coverage 675 00:35:37,333 --> 00:35:40,458 约翰逊县战争的报道都严重偏向 - of this Johnson County War is heavily in favor 676 00:35:40,458 --> 00:35:43,708 养牛大亨，并将宅地农民描绘成 - of the cattle barons, and depicts the homesteaders 677 00:35:43,708 --> 00:35:47,375 疯狂的、暴力的，你知道，土匪强盗， - as, you know, crazy, violent, you know, bandidos 678 00:35:47,375 --> 00:35:50,542 为了法律和秩序的利益必须予以镇压。 - that need to be suppressed in the interest of law and order. 679 00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:57,292 - 富人和有权势者在约翰逊县拥有权力， - - The wealthy and influential had power in Johnson County, 680 00:35:57,292 --> 00:35:59,208 并且能够控制舆论 - and were able to control the narrative 681 00:35:59,208 --> 00:36:01,625 来为他们的行为辩护。 - to justify their actions. 682 00:36:01,625 --> 00:36:05,375 - 约翰逊县战争只是众多例子中的一个， - - Johnson County War is just one example of many where, 683 00:36:05,375 --> 00:36:06,750 在西部不同地区， - in various parts of the West, 684 00:36:06,750 --> 00:36:10,375 不同时期，小人物们出现， - at various times, the little guys show up, 685 00:36:10,375 --> 00:36:13,250 开始为自己创造生活， - and they begin to make a life for themselves, 686 00:36:13,250 --> 00:36:16,042 但富人和有权势者，凭借其资本 - but the rich and powerful, with their capital 687 00:36:16,042 --> 00:36:19,625 和与政府的关系，获得了巨大优势， - and access to government, gain a tremendous advantage 688 00:36:19,625 --> 00:36:21,708 小人物最终落败。 - and the little guys end up losing. 689 00:36:27,625 --> 00:36:30,125 虽然养牛大亨们因入侵约翰逊县 - While the cattle barons escape justice 690 00:36:30,125 --> 00:36:32,625 而逃脱了法律制裁， - for their invasion of Johnson County, 691 00:36:32,625 --> 00:36:35,250 但他们无法阻挡新移民瓜分 - they can't stem the tide of new settlers 692 00:36:35,250 --> 00:36:38,208 公共牧区的浪潮。 - carving up the open range. 693 00:36:38,208 --> 00:36:39,958 - 这可以说是养牛大亨愿景的 - - This is kind of the death knell 694 00:36:39,958 --> 00:36:41,625 丧钟。 - of the cattle baron vision. 695 00:36:42,625 --> 00:36:44,708 有太多人涌入并开始务农， - There are too many people coming in and starting farming, 696 00:36:44,708 --> 00:36:46,708 太多人涌入并开办小型牧场， - too many people coming in and starting smaller ranches, 697 00:36:46,708 --> 00:36:48,792 无论是在约翰逊县还是在整个平原地区。 - both in Johnson County and across the plains. 698 00:36:48,792 --> 00:36:50,292 将没有足够的免费土地 - There's not gonna be enough free land 699 00:36:50,292 --> 00:36:52,208 让你把牛群分散到广阔区域， - to scatter your cattle far and wide, 700 00:36:52,208 --> 00:36:54,000 所以养牛业变得规模更小。 - so ranching becomes smaller scale. 701 00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:55,875 利润也变得更低。 - It also becomes less profitable. 702 00:36:55,875 --> 00:36:59,667 - 怀俄明畜牧协会的态度 - - The Wyoming Stock Growers Association has somewhat 703 00:36:59,667 --> 00:37:02,125 有所转变，他们决定 - of a change of heart, and they decide 704 00:37:02,125 --> 00:37:06,292 接纳这些小规模养牛户 - to admit these small cattle operators 705 00:37:06,292 --> 00:37:08,167 加入他们的协会。 - into their association. 706 00:37:08,167 --> 00:37:10,333 公共牧区时代结束了， - The era of the open range ends, 707 00:37:10,333 --> 00:37:13,833 小型家庭牧场变得更加普遍。 - and smaller family ranches become more common. 708 00:37:13,833 --> 00:37:17,708 - 就在这一刻，突然有一种感觉： - - It's this moment where suddenly there's a sense of, 709 00:37:17,708 --> 00:37:21,667 "哇，也许资源已经耗尽了， - "Wow, maybe the resources have run out, 710 00:37:21,667 --> 00:37:24,375 现在我们正在内部争夺这些资源。" - and now we're fighting over them among ourselves." 711 00:37:25,375 --> 00:37:27,125 - 对于那些仍在西部， - - For some people who are still making a go 712 00:37:27,125 --> 00:37:29,667 比如在怀俄明这样的地方努力奋斗的人来说， - of it in the West, in places like Wyoming, this is the time 713 00:37:29,667 --> 00:37:32,083 这是抓住西部所呈现的 - to seize the last little bit of opportunity left 714 00:37:32,083 --> 00:37:33,542 最后一点机遇的时候了。 - that is presented by the West. 715 00:37:35,375 --> 00:37:37,583 19世纪末， - Near the end of the 19th century, 716 00:37:37,583 --> 00:37:40,500 美国政府发布了一项令人惊讶的公告， - the US government makes a surprising announcement 717 00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:43,333 标志着一个时代的结束。 - that signals the end of an era. 718 00:37:43,333 --> 00:37:46,458 - 1890年，人口普查部门告诉美国人 - - In 1890, the census department tells Americans 719 00:37:46,458 --> 00:37:48,667 边疆实际上已经关闭了。 - that the frontier is effectively closed. 720 00:37:49,792 --> 00:37:51,875 - 那时对边疆的定义是 - - The frontier at that point is defined 721 00:37:51,875 --> 00:37:55,500 每平方英里土地上有两个人， - by two people per square mile of land, 722 00:37:55,500 --> 00:38:00,083 而美国的人口已经 - and so the US has reached a population 723 00:38:00,083 --> 00:38:01,792 超过了这个标准。 - that's beyond that. 724 00:38:02,792 --> 00:38:05,833 - "边疆"作为一个类别现在已从 - - The frontier as a category has now been removed 725 00:38:05,833 --> 00:38:10,542 人口普查表格中移除，因为它不再有用。 - from the census forms, because it's no longer useful. 726 00:38:10,542 --> 00:38:13,917 - 边疆的关闭对美国人的心理 - - The closing of the frontier has an important impact 727 00:38:13,917 --> 00:38:15,167 产生了重要影响， - on the American psyche, 728 00:38:15,167 --> 00:38:17,417 因为美国人民以惊人的成功 - because the American people have conquered the West 729 00:38:17,417 --> 00:38:19,375 征服了西部。 - with spectacular success. 730 00:38:19,375 --> 00:38:20,750 我们将会成为谁， - Who will we be, 731 00:38:20,750 --> 00:38:23,250 既然我们的"天定命运"已经实现， - now that our Manifest Destiny has been settled, 732 00:38:23,250 --> 00:38:26,083 既然我们已经达到了这个终极目标？ - now that we've achieved this ultimate goal? 733 00:38:27,458 --> 00:38:30,333 - 不再有持续富足、 - - There's no longer the sense of continuous abundance, 734 00:38:30,333 --> 00:38:31,917 持续机遇的感觉， - continuous opportunity, 735 00:38:31,917 --> 00:38:35,000 所以这是美国历史上一个决定性的时刻。 - and so it's a defining moment in the history of America. 736 00:38:36,417 --> 00:38:38,750 当进入20世纪时， - As it enters the 20th century, 737 00:38:38,750 --> 00:38:42,292 美国已扩张到44个州， - America has expanded to 44 states, 738 00:38:42,292 --> 00:38:44,542 其面积自独立战争结束以来 - and its size has quadrupled since the end 739 00:38:44,542 --> 00:38:46,458 已增长了四倍， - of the Revolutionary War, 740 00:38:47,542 --> 00:38:49,417 但原住民部落已被驱赶到 - but Native nations have been pushed 741 00:38:49,417 --> 00:38:51,875 越来越小的领土上。 - into ever smaller territories. 742 00:39:02,708 --> 00:39:04,333 - 19世纪美国最令人震惊的事实 - - The most astonishing fact 743 00:39:04,333 --> 00:39:08,208 是白人占领整个大陆的 - of the 19th century in America is the rapidity 744 00:39:08,208 --> 00:39:11,125 速度之快。 - with which white people took the entire continent. 745 00:39:12,833 --> 00:39:15,917 杰斐逊曾相信我们可能需要800或900年 - Jefferson actually believed it might take 800 or 900 years 746 00:39:15,917 --> 00:39:18,500 才能到达密西西比河或密苏里河。 - for us to reach the Mississippi River, or the Missouri. 747 00:39:20,583 --> 00:39:25,542 在一个世纪内，这股不可阻挡的力量就淹没了一切。 - In one century, this juggernaut just overwhelmed everything. 748 00:39:31,042 --> 00:39:32,708 在这个过程中， - In that process, 749 00:39:32,708 --> 00:39:35,125 一个复杂而持久的神话诞生了。 - a complex and enduring myth is born. 750 00:39:36,500 --> 00:39:39,917 - 我们作为一个国家，成长得非常、非常快。 - - We, as a country, grew up very, very fast. 751 00:39:43,125 --> 00:39:46,625 我们独特的美国性格是这次 - Our distinct American character was a result 752 00:39:46,625 --> 00:39:48,417 西进征程的结果。 - of this march westward. 753 00:39:50,208 --> 00:39:53,625 - 当人们前往西部时，他们可以重新开始。 - - When people went West, they could start over again. 754 00:39:53,625 --> 00:39:56,167 自力更生、坚韧不拔、 - The self-reliance, the perseverance, 755 00:39:56,167 --> 00:39:57,500 以及在西部取得成功 - and the determination it took 756 00:39:57,500 --> 00:40:00,500 所需的决心，都成为了我们理解 - to succeed in the West became part of our conception 757 00:40:00,500 --> 00:40:02,167 何谓美国人的一部分。 - of what it means to be an American. 758 00:40:04,042 --> 00:40:05,708 - 我认为理解美国人为何如此着迷于 - - I think an important thing to understand 759 00:40:05,708 --> 00:40:07,708 西部故事的一个重要原因是， - about why Americans are so fascinated by stories 760 00:40:07,708 --> 00:40:10,750 这种迷恋始于那个时代。 - about the West is that fascination starts at the time. 761 00:40:10,750 --> 00:40:12,500 它始于19世纪90年代。 - It starts in the 1890s. 762 00:40:12,500 --> 00:40:15,542 美国人试图讲述一个关于他们作为 - Americans are trying to tell a collective story about 763 00:40:15,542 --> 00:40:17,042 一个国家身份的集体故事， - who they are as a country, 764 00:40:18,792 --> 00:40:21,917 关于养牛业、定居、 - stories of cattle ranching, of settlement, 765 00:40:22,875 --> 00:40:25,542 铁路、宅地的故事。 - of railroads, of homesteads. 766 00:40:25,542 --> 00:40:27,250 这让所有美国人感觉 - That gave all Americans something they felt 767 00:40:27,250 --> 00:40:29,167 自己都能参与其中。 - like they could have a stake in. 768 00:40:30,333 --> 00:40:33,250 - 在许多方面，西部的理念真正是 - - In many ways, the idea of the West is really the birth 769 00:40:33,250 --> 00:40:35,583 美国梦的诞生， - of the American dream, 770 00:40:37,917 --> 00:40:41,250 追求机遇，寻求新生活， - pursuing opportunity, seeking a new life, 771 00:40:42,583 --> 00:40:45,875 但其中一部分意味着存在后果。 - but part of that is that there are consequences. 772 00:40:51,042 --> 00:40:52,792 还有许多其他人必须 - And there are many other people that have 773 00:40:52,792 --> 00:40:55,042 为这份雄心付出代价。 - to pay the price of ambition. 774 00:40:58,875 --> 00:41:01,250 - 最终，美国西部创建的遗产， - - In the end, the legacy of the creation 775 00:41:01,250 --> 00:41:04,167 以及西进扩张的故事， - of the American West, and the story of Western expansion 776 00:41:05,167 --> 00:41:09,208 是一个关于破坏、征服、剥夺的遗产， - is a legacy of destruction, of a conquest, of dispossession, 777 00:41:10,792 --> 00:41:13,042 但同时，也有许多激励我们的地方。 - but also, there's so much to inspire us. 778 00:41:27,583 --> 00:41:30,500 - 西部的故事是英雄主义的。 - - The story of the West is heroic. 779 00:41:31,833 --> 00:41:33,750 有缔造和平的英雄。 - There are the peacemaker heroes. 780 00:41:36,792 --> 00:41:39,000 有抵抗运动中的原住民英雄。 - There are the Natives of the resistance. 781 00:41:41,833 --> 00:41:45,833 尽管今天我们对这些英雄事迹 - And even though we have a kind of more somber view 782 00:41:45,833 --> 00:41:48,542 持更为严肃的看法，因为我们知道代价， - of the heroics today, because we know the cost, 783 00:41:51,292 --> 00:41:52,792 但那是一个英雄的时代。 - it was an age of heroes. 784 00:41:54,542 --> 00:41:58,333 - 我们的国家是一个美丽、壮观、 - - Our country is a beautiful, magnificent, 785 00:41:58,333 --> 00:42:00,375 富饶的居住地， - abundant place to live, 786 00:42:03,625 --> 00:42:06,083 而我们依然在这里讲述这个故事。 - and we're still here to tell the story. 787 00:42:09,875 --> 00:42:11,625 - 最终，那片许多人 - - Eventually, the open space that 788 00:42:11,625 --> 00:42:15,542 为之奋战的广阔土地被一块块地围起， - so many battled over is fenced off piece by piece, 789 00:42:15,542 --> 00:42:17,625 被带刺铁丝网所限制， - contained by barbed wire, 790 00:42:17,625 --> 00:42:20,167 并通过铁路和公路与东部连接起来。 - and joined to the East by a railways and roads. 791 00:42:21,208 --> 00:42:24,542 边疆，这个美国梦的重要组成部分， - The frontier, so much a part of the American dream, 792 00:42:24,542 --> 00:42:26,750 最终关闭了。 - is finally closed. 793 00:42:26,750 --> 00:42:29,667 但当我们回顾过去，可以看到西部的故事 - But when we look back, we can see the story 794 00:42:29,667 --> 00:42:31,792 远不止是一个美国 - of the West is much more than just a story 795 00:42:31,792 --> 00:42:33,167 定居的故事。 - of American settlement. 796 00:42:34,167 --> 00:42:36,792 当然，其中包含着征服的遗产， - There's a legacy of conquest, of course, 797 00:42:36,792 --> 00:42:39,333 这是一个我们永远不应忽略的事实， - a fact that we should never fail to include, 798 00:42:40,375 --> 00:42:43,875 但我们也必须认识到我们的祖先 - but we have to also recognize the resourcefulness it took 799 00:42:43,875 --> 00:42:46,333 横跨这个国家所需的智慧与才干。 - for our ancestors to cross this country. 800 00:42:47,542 --> 00:42:49,875 正是这种勇气与希望的遗产 - It's that legacy of courage and hope 801 00:42:49,875 --> 00:42:51,958 定义了今日的美国。 - that defines America today.