1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:04,042 - 从他们首次跨越阿巴拉契亚山脉开始， - From their first move across the Appalachians, 2 00:00:04,042 --> 00:00:06,708 美国人就被机遇和土地的渴望 - Americans pushed west driven by their desire 3 00:00:06,708 --> 00:00:09,292 驱使着向西推进。 - for opportunity and land. 4 00:00:09,292 --> 00:00:11,125 每一步，他们都必须与 - At every step, they must contend 5 00:00:11,125 --> 00:00:13,375 原住民抗争， - with the original occupants, 6 00:00:13,375 --> 00:00:17,333 引发了与印第安部落持续数代的冲突。 - spurring generations of conflict with Native nations. 7 00:00:17,333 --> 00:00:21,542 当1862年在蒙大拿发现黄金时， - When gold is found in Montana in 1862, 8 00:00:21,542 --> 00:00:23,958 成千上万的美国人涌入了 - thousands of Americans charged through land 9 00:00:23,958 --> 00:00:25,750 拉科塔苏族宣称的土地。 - claimed by the Lakota Sioux. 10 00:00:25,750 --> 00:00:27,167 在他们的领袖红云 - As their leader Red Cloud, 11 00:00:27,167 --> 00:00:30,833 和一位名叫疯马的年轻战士的反击下， - and a young warrior named Crazy Horse fight back, 12 00:00:30,833 --> 00:00:33,542 拉科塔将迎战美国军队， - the Lakota will take on the US Army, 13 00:00:33,542 --> 00:00:36,625 并赢得一场震惊全国的胜利。 - and win a victory that stuns the nation. 14 00:00:42,292 --> 00:00:43,750 - 人们生活在神话中， - People live on myths, 15 00:00:45,292 --> 00:00:47,708 而真正深入美国人心中的神话 - and the myths that really stick in the American experience 16 00:00:47,708 --> 00:00:49,458 就是西部的神话。 - are the myths of the West. 17 00:00:51,375 --> 00:00:54,167 山更高，沙漠更严酷， - The mountains were taller, the deserts were harsher, 18 00:00:54,167 --> 00:00:56,208 雪更深。 - the snows were deeper. 19 00:00:56,208 --> 00:00:58,917 - 美国西部唤起了惊奇、 - The American West conjures wonder, 20 00:00:58,917 --> 00:01:01,208 可能性与机遇。 - possibility, opportunity. 21 00:01:01,208 --> 00:01:03,542 - 山区人的形象。 - The figure of the mountain man. 22 00:01:03,542 --> 00:01:05,792 恶名昭彰的不法之徒。 - Notorious outlaws. 23 00:01:05,792 --> 00:01:07,417 - 牛仔。 - The cowboy. 24 00:01:07,417 --> 00:01:10,250 - 加利福尼亚的黄金发现。 - The discovery of gold in California. 25 00:01:10,250 --> 00:01:11,792 - 这列马车队伍 - This train of wagons 26 00:01:11,792 --> 00:01:13,583 蜿蜒穿过草原。 - trailing across the prairie. 27 00:01:14,708 --> 00:01:17,708 - 每个人都有想要这片土地的理由。 - Everybody has a reason for wanting this land. 28 00:01:19,125 --> 00:01:22,958 - 但那片土地的大部分，早已有人居住。 - But most of that land, was already occupied. 29 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:31,042 - 我们在此居住已超过一万年。 - We have been residents for more than 10,000 years. 30 00:01:31,042 --> 00:01:33,125 - 但这是两种不同生活观念 - But this is a clash of two different ways 31 00:01:33,125 --> 00:01:35,833 的冲突。 - of seeing life itself. 32 00:01:35,833 --> 00:01:39,042 一方为家园的未来而战， - Fighting for the future of your homeland on the one side, 33 00:01:40,458 --> 00:01:42,792 另一方则为新共和国的命运 - and fighting for the destiny of the new republic 34 00:01:42,792 --> 00:01:44,125 而战。 - on the other side. 35 00:01:48,458 --> 00:01:51,792 - 西部的历史是一个创世故事。 - The history of the West is a creation story. 36 00:01:53,375 --> 00:01:55,292 它创造了我们所认为的现代美国。 - It's the creation of what we think of as modern America. 37 00:01:56,708 --> 00:01:58,750 - 西部是一个一切皆有可能的地方。 - The West is a place where anything is possible. 38 00:02:01,208 --> 00:02:03,708 它是美国梦的精髓。 - It is the essence of the American dream. 39 00:02:04,708 --> 00:02:06,167 - 其核心是， - The core of this is, 40 00:02:06,167 --> 00:02:08,000 我们将成为一个怎样的国家？ - what are we to be as a nation? 41 00:02:09,083 --> 00:02:10,875 清算的时刻即将来临。 - The reckoning is coming. 42 00:02:10,875 --> 00:02:13,333 - 西部是这样一块画布， - The West is this canvas on which 43 00:02:13,333 --> 00:02:16,542 美国梦在此变得比生活更宏大。 - American dreams become larger than life. 44 00:02:37,875 --> 00:02:39,583 1862年夏天， - In the summer of 1862, 45 00:02:39,583 --> 00:02:43,292 美国正深陷于一场内战。 - the United States is consumed by a civil war. 46 00:02:44,583 --> 00:02:48,042 这场冲突使华盛顿负债累累， - The conflict plunges Washington into debt, 47 00:02:48,042 --> 00:02:50,458 随着每一颗子弹射出， - and with every bullet fired, 48 00:02:50,458 --> 00:02:53,458 联邦政府一步步滑向财政危机。 - the federal government edges closer to a financial crisis. 49 00:02:54,917 --> 00:02:59,042 然后，一个潜在的解决方案在意想不到的地方出现。 - Then, a potential solution arises in an unexpected place. 50 00:03:03,375 --> 00:03:05,542 - 1862年，当黄金在蒙大拿被发现时， - In 1862, when gold is discovered in Montana, 51 00:03:05,542 --> 00:03:08,833 这对林肯和整个联邦来说都是个好消息。 - it's great news for Lincoln and for the entire Union. 52 00:03:08,833 --> 00:03:12,083 林肯后来说战争是可怕的事情， - Lincoln later said that war is a terrible thing, 53 00:03:12,083 --> 00:03:14,375 而这场战争是所有战争中最可怕的， - and this war is the most terrible of all, 54 00:03:14,375 --> 00:03:17,667 天空都挂满了黑纱。 - and the heavens were hung in black. 55 00:03:17,667 --> 00:03:20,292 但这不仅仅是生命的代价， - But it was not simply the cost in lives, 56 00:03:20,292 --> 00:03:22,375 还有维持军队的代价。 - it was the cost in sustaining the army. 57 00:03:23,250 --> 00:03:24,958 加利福尼亚已经在 - California was already contributing 58 00:03:24,958 --> 00:03:26,375 将其黄金贡献给联邦， - its gold to the Union, 59 00:03:26,375 --> 00:03:29,375 现在蒙大拿也能贡献其黄金了。 - but now Montana could contribute its gold as well. 60 00:03:29,375 --> 00:03:31,292 这对联邦是一个巨大的推动， - It was a major boost to the Union, 61 00:03:31,292 --> 00:03:33,667 正当亟需这种推动之时。 - when that boost was absolutely needed. 62 00:03:35,542 --> 00:03:37,542 - 整个西部历史中 - One of the most important factors 63 00:03:37,542 --> 00:03:41,000 最重要的因素之一就是黄金的发现。 - in the whole history of the West is gold discoveries. 64 00:03:42,125 --> 00:03:43,208 每次发生这种情况， - Every time this happens, 65 00:03:43,208 --> 00:03:46,292 白人文明都会短暂地陷入疯狂。 - white civilization goes mad briefly. 66 00:03:48,083 --> 00:03:49,458 成千上万 - Thousands and thousands 67 00:03:49,458 --> 00:03:51,875 又成千上万的人涌向黄金。 - and thousands of people rush for gold. 68 00:03:55,750 --> 00:03:57,375 在黄金被发现的时候， - At the time of the gold strike, 69 00:03:57,375 --> 00:03:59,333 蒙大拿还不是一个州。 - Montana is not yet a state. 70 00:04:00,625 --> 00:04:03,583 对美国人来说，那是未知的荒野， - To Americans, it's unknown wilderness, 71 00:04:03,583 --> 00:04:06,750 是广袤、人烟稀少的大平原的一部分。 - part of the vast, sparsely settled Great Plains. 72 00:04:08,792 --> 00:04:12,375 - 大平原在美国定居者心中 - The Great Plains has a forbidding image 73 00:04:12,375 --> 00:04:14,375 有着令人生畏的形象， - in the minds of American settlers, 74 00:04:14,375 --> 00:04:16,833 在19世纪中叶。 - in the middle decades of the 19th century. 75 00:04:16,833 --> 00:04:18,417 对美国农民来说，大平原， - To American farmers, the Great Plains, 76 00:04:18,417 --> 00:04:20,542 你在当时的许多地图上都能看到， - and you see this on many maps of the time, 77 00:04:20,542 --> 00:04:23,417 仍然是"美洲大荒漠"的一部分。 - is still part of the Great American Desert. 78 00:04:23,417 --> 00:04:26,792 美国人眺望这片大草原， - And Americans look out on this great grassland, 79 00:04:26,792 --> 00:04:29,833 那是北美大陆的中部， - that's the middle of the North American continent, 80 00:04:29,833 --> 00:04:33,583 他们认为，那是可以留给印第安人的土地。 - and they see, that's land that can be left to Indians. 81 00:04:33,583 --> 00:04:36,375 改变西部其他地方的力量， - Forces transforming the West elsewhere, 82 00:04:36,375 --> 00:04:40,333 在很大程度上绕过了北部平原的这部分地区， - have largely bypassed this part of the northern plains 83 00:04:40,333 --> 00:04:43,458 现在这里由拉科塔苏族主导， - and it's now dominated by the Lakota Sioux, 84 00:04:43,458 --> 00:04:48,292 他们控制着超过74万平方英里的土地， - who control over 740,000 square miles of land, 85 00:04:48,292 --> 00:04:51,583 面积几乎和墨西哥一样大。 - an area almost as large as Mexico. 86 00:04:52,875 --> 00:04:55,917 - 拉科塔人最初来自明尼苏达州西部， - The Lakota originally are from Western Minnesota, 87 00:04:55,917 --> 00:04:58,542 他们当时并不强大，人口也不多。 - and they're not that strong, they're not that numerous. 88 00:04:58,542 --> 00:05:00,875 但通过在18世纪初 - But through the acquiring of the horse 89 00:05:00,875 --> 00:05:02,375 获得了马匹， - in the early 1700s, 90 00:05:02,375 --> 00:05:04,917 他们得以迁移到大平原上， - they're going to move out onto the Great Plains, 91 00:05:04,917 --> 00:05:06,708 并且变得非常成功， - and they become very successful 92 00:05:06,708 --> 00:05:08,833 尤其是在猎取野牛方面。 - in the harvesting of the bison. 93 00:05:10,875 --> 00:05:13,250 野牛是像拉科塔这样的 - Bison are the primary food source 94 00:05:13,250 --> 00:05:16,042 平原印第安人的主要食物来源， - for the Plains Indians like the Lakota, 95 00:05:16,042 --> 00:05:18,500 他们利用野牛的每一部分。 - and they use every piece of them. 96 00:05:18,500 --> 00:05:22,667 骨头用作工具和武器，兽皮用于制作衣物和住所。 - Bones as tools and weapons, hides for clothing and shelter. 97 00:05:24,833 --> 00:05:28,167 但在拉科塔领土的整个南缘， - But all along the southern edge of Lakota territory, 98 00:05:28,167 --> 00:05:32,208 那里有成千上万的移民沿着俄勒冈小道向西， - where thousands of migrants follow the Oregon Trail west, 99 00:05:32,208 --> 00:05:35,708 野牛的数量正在迅速下降。 - the bison population is dropping rapidly. 100 00:05:36,750 --> 00:05:39,042 - 这些马车队伍砍伐树木， - These wagon trains are chopping down trees, 101 00:05:39,042 --> 00:05:40,708 弄脏水源。 - they're muddying the water. 102 00:05:40,708 --> 00:05:45,375 他们确实在破坏野牛的迁徙区， - They're really destroying the bison migration zones, 103 00:05:45,375 --> 00:05:49,500 并永久性地破坏了生态系统。 - and permanently altering the ecosystem for the worse. 104 00:05:50,667 --> 00:05:53,667 在1851年签署的一项条约中， - In a treaty signed in 1851, 105 00:05:53,667 --> 00:05:56,458 拉科塔和其他平原部落， - the Lakota and other Plains nations, 106 00:05:56,458 --> 00:05:59,042 同意让这些移民自由通行。 - agree to let these migrants pass freely. 107 00:06:00,583 --> 00:06:03,667 作为交换，他们被美国保证 - In exchange they were guaranteed permanent sovereignty, 108 00:06:03,667 --> 00:06:06,333 对其土地的永久主权。 - over their lands by the United States. 109 00:06:07,042 --> 00:06:08,583 - 在拉勒米堡， - At Fort Laramie, 110 00:06:08,583 --> 00:06:12,625 联邦政府开始了一个承认 - the federal government begins a process of recognizing 111 00:06:12,625 --> 00:06:16,542 印第安人对北部平原广大区域 - Indigenous control and authority across 112 00:06:16,542 --> 00:06:19,708 的控制和权威的进程， - vast portions of the northern plains, 113 00:06:19,708 --> 00:06:24,375 并承认各个印第安部落的边界。 - and recognizing the boundaries of various Native nations. 114 00:06:27,708 --> 00:06:31,625 但在1863年，拓荒者约翰·博兹曼 - But in 1863, frontiersman John Bozeman 115 00:06:31,625 --> 00:06:34,875 开始沿着一条新路线引导矿工。 - begins guiding miners along a new route. 116 00:06:36,542 --> 00:06:39,625 这条路线从拉勒米堡的俄勒冈小道向西北分支， - Branching northwest from the Oregon Trail at Fort Laramie, 117 00:06:39,625 --> 00:06:43,542 将前往新金矿的旅程缩短了六周， - it shortens the journey to the new gold fields by six weeks, 118 00:06:43,542 --> 00:06:47,042 并且径直穿过拉科塔最珍贵的土地。 - and cuts right through the Lakota's most prized land. 119 00:06:47,042 --> 00:06:49,083 pristine Powder River Basin. - pristine Powder River Basin. 120 00:06:50,208 --> 00:06:52,375 - 到了19世纪60年代，这个地区 - By the 1860s this region 121 00:06:52,375 --> 00:06:55,375 已成为拉科塔最后最好的地方。 - has become the last best place for the Lakota. 122 00:06:55,375 --> 00:06:58,167 这里不仅有大量的野牛群， - Not only does it have massive herds of bison, 123 00:06:58,167 --> 00:07:00,292 还有河流， - but it also has rivers, 124 00:07:00,292 --> 00:07:01,708 而且是拉科塔人 - and it was a place that the Lakota 125 00:07:01,708 --> 00:07:04,375 从四面八方前来居住的地方。 - were coming from all directions to live. 126 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:07,500 - 博兹曼小道 - The Bozeman Trail 127 00:07:07,500 --> 00:07:10,167 横穿了拉科塔所拥有的 - transects some of the most valuable hunting territory 128 00:07:10,167 --> 00:07:12,000 一些最有价值的狩猎领地， - that the Lakota had, 129 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:13,667 当你开辟这样一条小道时， - and when you create a trail like this, 130 00:07:13,667 --> 00:07:15,583 它真的会打扰野牛， - it's really going to disturb the bison, 131 00:07:15,583 --> 00:07:18,000 并会使它们离开。 - and it's going to make them leave. 132 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:20,583 - 于是，冲突在 - And so, conflict arises 133 00:07:20,583 --> 00:07:23,667 寻求黄金的美国人 - between Americans seeking gold, 134 00:07:23,667 --> 00:07:27,708 与在1851年被告知 - and the Lakota who had been told in 1851 135 00:07:27,708 --> 00:07:29,375 的美国政府的拉科塔人之间 - by the US government, 136 00:07:29,375 --> 00:07:32,708 这片土地永远属于他们的拉科塔人之间 - that this land was theirs forever, 137 00:07:32,708 --> 00:07:36,292 突然之间，这"永远"就不再是永远了。 - and all of a sudden it's not forever anymore. 138 00:07:37,583 --> 00:07:40,208 拉科塔决定奋起抵抗， - The Lakota decide to make a stand, 139 00:07:40,208 --> 00:07:44,917 其中有来自奥格拉拉部落的战酋红云。 - among them is a war chief from the Ogallala band, Red Cloud. 140 00:07:46,250 --> 00:07:48,708 - 红云说，我们要战斗 - Red Cloud says, we're gonna fight 141 00:07:48,708 --> 00:07:51,417 来保护这片家园。 - to protect this homeland. 142 00:07:51,417 --> 00:07:53,875 - 红云被公认为 - Red Cloud is recognized 143 00:07:53,875 --> 00:07:57,625 是拉科塔的伟大领袖之一。 - as one of the great leaders of the Lakota. 144 00:07:57,625 --> 00:08:01,667 他是美国历史上的伟大领袖之一。 - He's one of the great leaders in American history. 145 00:08:02,708 --> 00:08:04,542 - 红云年轻时就成了孤儿， - Red Cloud was orphaned as a young man, 146 00:08:04,542 --> 00:08:06,875 他的父亲因酗酒去世。 - when his father died from alcoholism. 147 00:08:06,875 --> 00:08:08,542 他由叔叔们抚养长大， - He was raised by his uncles, 148 00:08:08,542 --> 00:08:10,958 并立志要为拉科塔 - and driven to be the best man he possibly could 149 00:08:10,958 --> 00:08:12,083 成为最好的人。 - for the Lakota. 150 00:08:12,958 --> 00:08:15,708 他通过袭击美国定居者的车队 - He's going to rise to military success 151 00:08:15,708 --> 00:08:18,375 取得了军事上的成功， - through attacks on American settler trains, 152 00:08:18,375 --> 00:08:20,500 并在很年轻的时候就 - in which he distinguishes himself 153 00:08:20,500 --> 00:08:22,625 以战士身份崭露头角。 - as a fighter at a very young age. 154 00:08:25,625 --> 00:08:26,958 在接下来的两年里， - Over the next two years, 155 00:08:26,958 --> 00:08:30,208 红云沿着博兹曼小道发动袭击， - Red Cloud launches raids along the Bozeman Trail, 156 00:08:30,208 --> 00:08:34,542 在前往蒙大拿的旅行者中引发了广泛的恐惧。 - sparking widespread fear amongst Montana-bound travelers. 157 00:08:35,875 --> 00:08:39,250 由于联邦军队正忙于内战， - And with Union troops engaged fighting the Civil War, 158 00:08:39,250 --> 00:08:41,667 他几乎未遇抵抗。 - he's almost unopposed. 159 00:08:41,667 --> 00:08:44,250 - 联邦政府的基础设施形式， - Infrastructural forms of the federal government, 160 00:08:44,250 --> 00:08:45,875 基本上不存在， - basically don't exist, 161 00:08:45,875 --> 00:08:49,583 在分裂后的北美西部许多地方都是如此。 - in many places across western North America after secession. 162 00:08:49,583 --> 00:08:52,417 这就是联邦政府在内战时期 - That's how limited the federal government is, 163 00:08:52,417 --> 00:08:54,625 的局限性。 - at the time of the Civil War. 164 00:08:55,708 --> 00:08:57,667 但随着1865年 - But that begins to change 165 00:08:57,667 --> 00:09:00,833 南方的投降，这种情况开始改变。 - with the South's surrender in 1865. 166 00:09:02,167 --> 00:09:03,542 - 就在此时， - At this exact moment, 167 00:09:03,542 --> 00:09:06,208 美国开始将目光转向西部， - the United States starts to turn its eyes westward, 168 00:09:06,208 --> 00:09:08,708 并考虑将这些广阔空间 - and think about incorporating these vast spaces 169 00:09:08,708 --> 00:09:10,708 纳入美国的版图。 - into what is the United States. 170 00:09:10,708 --> 00:09:12,583 而对此的决定性挑战在于， - And, the defining struggle for that, 171 00:09:12,583 --> 00:09:15,167 这些土地属于居住在那里的原住民。 - is that it belongs to Native peoples who live there. 172 00:09:16,375 --> 00:09:17,875 到1866年， - By 1866, 173 00:09:17,875 --> 00:09:21,417 已有大约2000名矿工 - some 2,000 miners have already made their way 174 00:09:21,417 --> 00:09:23,917 沿着博兹曼小道前往蒙大拿。 - along the Bozeman Trail to Montana. 175 00:09:25,208 --> 00:09:28,667 尽管有红云的袭击，还有更多人正在路上。 - And despite Red Cloud's raids, more are on the way. 176 00:09:29,625 --> 00:09:32,375 为了保护他们，尤利西斯·S·格兰特将军 - To protect them, General Ulysses S. Grant 177 00:09:32,375 --> 00:09:34,708 指派了一位联邦战争英雄， - assigns a Union war hero, 178 00:09:34,708 --> 00:09:37,708 去掌管密西西比河以西的军队。 - to head the army west of the Mississippi. 179 00:09:37,708 --> 00:09:40,625 威廉·特库塞·谢尔曼。 - William Tecumseh Sherman. 180 00:09:40,625 --> 00:09:43,792 从一开始，谢尔曼就兵力不足。 - From the outset, Sherman is short on soldiers. 181 00:09:44,708 --> 00:09:46,083 - 战争结束时， - At the end of the war, 182 00:09:46,083 --> 00:09:48,208 人们最不想做的事情， - The last thing that people want to do, 183 00:09:48,208 --> 00:09:53,208 就是在财政或其他方面支持庞大的军队。 - is support large armies either financially or otherwise. 184 00:09:54,292 --> 00:09:55,917 他们也十分专注于 - They're also very much focused 185 00:09:55,917 --> 00:09:58,875 南方的重建， - on the reconstruction of the South, 186 00:10:00,042 --> 00:10:02,542 这也包括美军 - that also included the occupation of the South 187 00:10:02,542 --> 00:10:04,917 对南方的占领。 - by US Army forces. 188 00:10:04,917 --> 00:10:08,375 因此，在政治上支持维持一支庞大军队， - And so, there was less political support 189 00:10:08,375 --> 00:10:10,792 并将其派往西部 - for maintaining a large army, 190 00:10:10,792 --> 00:10:12,875 参与战争的声音 - and sending it out 191 00:10:12,875 --> 00:10:16,292 就少了。 - to engage in warfare, in the West. 192 00:10:17,833 --> 00:10:19,875 从超过一百万人的峰值， - From a peak of over a million, 193 00:10:19,875 --> 00:10:24,500 美国军队已缩减至约38,000人， - the US Army has been reduced to around 38,000 men, 194 00:10:24,500 --> 00:10:26,333 其中大部分部署在南方。 - with most deployed to the South. 195 00:10:27,875 --> 00:10:31,708 即便如此，谢尔曼仍决定建造三座堡垒， - Even so, Sherman decides to construct three forts, 196 00:10:31,708 --> 00:10:35,083 位于500英里长的博兹曼小道的要害位置。 - at key points along the 500-mile Bozeman Trail. 197 00:10:36,208 --> 00:10:39,417 他将此任务交给一位内战军官， - He assigns the task to a Civil War officer 198 00:10:39,417 --> 00:10:43,833 此人擅长工程但没有实战经验， - with a talent for engineering and no combat experience, 199 00:10:43,833 --> 00:10:45,917 亨利·卡林顿上校。 - Colonel Henry Carrington. 200 00:10:45,917 --> 00:10:48,292 - 他擅长招募， - He was great at recruiting, 201 00:10:48,292 --> 00:10:50,750 擅长行政管理。 - he was great at administration. 202 00:10:50,750 --> 00:10:53,875 他在内战期间从未开过一枪。 - What he never did during the Civil War, was fire a gun. 203 00:10:55,333 --> 00:10:57,542 - 美国的战斗部队从内战中走出时 - American fighting forces come out of the Civil War 204 00:10:57,542 --> 00:10:59,208 带着一种优越感。 - with a sense of superiority. 205 00:10:59,208 --> 00:11:02,375 他们是一支现代化军队，拥有机械化武器， - They are a modern army, they have mechanized weapons, 206 00:11:02,375 --> 00:11:03,917 所以他们的假设是， - and so the assumption is, 207 00:11:03,917 --> 00:11:05,542 要打发掉一群野蛮的印第安人 - that it should be relatively easy 208 00:11:05,542 --> 00:11:08,917 应该是相对容易的。 - to dispatch a bunch of wild Indians. 209 00:11:12,333 --> 00:11:14,708 1866年6月， - In June of 1866, 210 00:11:14,708 --> 00:11:18,375 卡林顿沿着普拉特河向西进发， - Carrington makes his way west along the Platte River 211 00:11:18,375 --> 00:11:22,708 带着225辆货车以及一众士兵 - with 225 wagons and an entourage of soldiers 212 00:11:22,708 --> 00:11:23,958 和平民。 - and civilians. 213 00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:27,208 - 这次美军占领行动 - One of the things that is very different 214 00:11:27,208 --> 00:11:31,375 一个非常不同之处在于， - about this occupation by the US military, 215 00:11:31,375 --> 00:11:35,542 军队带着他们的家人一同前来， - is the military is bringing their families along with them, 216 00:11:35,542 --> 00:11:37,792 妇女和儿童。 - women and children. 217 00:11:37,792 --> 00:11:41,750 当时的拉科塔领袖们意识到， - And what Lakota leaders at the time realize is that, 218 00:11:41,750 --> 00:11:43,542 他们是来定居的。 - they're coming to stay. 219 00:11:43,542 --> 00:11:46,000 - 平原印第安人明白， - Plains Indians understand, 220 00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:50,375 现在是我们扭转局面的时刻， - now is the moment we either turn this thing around, 221 00:11:50,375 --> 00:11:52,833 否则我们的船就要沉了。 - or our ship is going down. 222 00:11:52,833 --> 00:11:54,667 - 红云划清了界线， - Red Cloud draws a line, 223 00:11:54,667 --> 00:11:57,042 基本上就是说，我们要战斗。 - and basically says, we're gonna fight. 224 00:12:06,792 --> 00:12:07,917 为了确保前往蒙大拿领地 - Seeking to secure safe passage 225 00:12:08,250 --> 00:12:11,750 的矿工和定居者的安全通行， - for gold miners and settlers headed to Montana territory, 226 00:12:11,750 --> 00:12:14,875 亨利·卡林顿上校计划沿博兹曼小道 - Colonel Henry Carrington plans to build three forts 227 00:12:14,875 --> 00:12:18,292 的关键路段建造三座堡垒。 - along a key stretch of the Bozeman Trail. 228 00:12:19,583 --> 00:12:23,708 雷诺堡、C·F·史密斯堡， - Fort Reno, Fort C.F. Smith, 229 00:12:23,708 --> 00:12:25,333 以及在比格霍恩山山脚下， - and at the foot of the Bighorn Mountains, 230 00:12:25,333 --> 00:12:29,125 他的地区总部，菲尔·卡尼堡。 - his regional headquarters, Fort Phil Kearny. 231 00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:32,875 - 卡林顿上校被派往博兹曼小道 - Colonel Carrington is sent to the Bozeman Trail 232 00:12:32,875 --> 00:12:34,167 去建立这些堡垒， - to establish these forts, 233 00:12:34,167 --> 00:12:38,042 尽管他缺乏军事经验。 - despite his lack of military experience. 234 00:12:38,042 --> 00:12:40,500 谢尔曼将军告诉他， - And he is told by General Sherman, 235 00:12:40,500 --> 00:12:43,458 哦，这将是一次悠闲的边疆任务。 - oh, it's going to be a leisurely frontier assignment. 236 00:12:43,458 --> 00:12:46,458 为此，你应该带上你的妻子和孩子过来。 - In this, you should bring your wife and children out. 237 00:12:47,875 --> 00:12:50,042 - 他建造了一座惊人的堡垒。 - He builds an amazing fort. 238 00:12:50,042 --> 00:12:53,542 它占地17英亩，面积巨大， - It's 17 acres, a huge amount of land, 239 00:12:53,542 --> 00:12:58,458 全部被一道巨大的黄松木墙所环绕。 - all surrounded by an enormous wall of ponderosa pine. 240 00:12:59,833 --> 00:13:01,750 在这道大墙之内所围起来的， - And what's enclosed inside of this large wall, 241 00:13:01,750 --> 00:13:03,375 实际上是一个城镇。 - is really a town. 242 00:13:04,542 --> 00:13:06,333 这是一个名副其实的社区， - It is a veritable community, 243 00:13:06,333 --> 00:13:08,875 并且在非常短的时间内建成。 - and it's built in a really short amount of time. 244 00:13:12,708 --> 00:13:14,125 对红云而言， - For Red Cloud, 245 00:13:14,125 --> 00:13:18,083 美军的到来是一种战争行为。 - the arrival of the US military is an act of war. 246 00:13:18,083 --> 00:13:20,500 他知道自己无法单独作战， - Knowing he can't fight alone, 247 00:13:20,500 --> 00:13:23,042 他做了一件非凡的事。 - he does something extraordinary. 248 00:13:23,042 --> 00:13:25,875 - 红云所做的是， - So, what Red Cloud does is, 249 00:13:25,875 --> 00:13:29,208 他与其他部落领袖会面。 - he's meeting with other tribal leaders. 250 00:13:29,208 --> 00:13:32,958 他敦促他们联合力量， - He's urging them to combine their forces, 251 00:13:32,958 --> 00:13:37,083 来应对这个对他们构成的新威胁， - to deal with this new threat to them, 252 00:13:37,083 --> 00:13:40,292 即以前所未有的武力级别 - which is the US Army coming into the Powder River Valley, 253 00:13:40,292 --> 00:13:43,542 进入粉末河河谷的美国陆军。 - at an unprecedented level of force. 254 00:13:45,333 --> 00:13:47,417 红云在阿拉帕霍和夏延 - Red Cloud finds his strongest allies 255 00:13:47,417 --> 00:13:50,792 的各部落中找到了他最强大的盟友。 - among bands of the Arapaho and the Cheyenne. 256 00:13:51,708 --> 00:13:53,208 两年前， - Two years earlier, 257 00:13:53,208 --> 00:13:55,375 他们在科罗拉多的沙溪 - they survived a brutal massacre 258 00:13:55,375 --> 00:13:59,458 遭遇美军残酷屠杀，但幸存下来。 - at the hands of the US Army, at Sand Creek in Colorado. 259 00:14:00,875 --> 00:14:03,125 - 沙溪大屠杀可能是 - The Sand Creek massacre is probably 260 00:14:03,125 --> 00:14:05,833 这一时期北部平原上 - the seminal event on the northern plains 261 00:14:05,833 --> 00:14:07,417 最具影响力的事件。 - during this period. 262 00:14:07,417 --> 00:14:11,083 1864年，齐文顿上校率领部队 - In 1864, Colonel Chivington leads his troops 263 00:14:11,083 --> 00:14:13,833 袭击了阿拉帕霍和夏延人， - against the Arapaho and Cheyenne, 264 00:14:13,833 --> 00:14:18,042 杀害了约140名妇女和儿童， - and kills about 140 women and children 265 00:14:18,042 --> 00:14:21,042 这个营地由两位和平酋长领导， - in this camp, led by two peace chiefs, 266 00:14:21,042 --> 00:14:24,167 他们一直试图 - who had consistently tried to establish 267 00:14:24,167 --> 00:14:26,458 与美国建立和平关系。 - peaceful relationships with the United States. 268 00:14:27,500 --> 00:14:29,292 - 他们的尸体被肢解， - Their bodies are mutilated, 269 00:14:29,292 --> 00:14:34,375 并在丹佛的歌剧院被示众。 - and they are shown off in Denver at the Opera House. 270 00:14:34,833 --> 00:14:36,458 这在北夏延人心中 - The hatred 271 00:14:36,458 --> 00:14:40,458 激起的仇恨， - that this instills within the northern Cheyenne people, 272 00:14:40,458 --> 00:14:42,958 难以估量。 - is hard to calculate. 273 00:14:42,958 --> 00:14:44,375 红云集结了 - Red Cloud brings together 274 00:14:44,375 --> 00:14:47,792 一支前所未有的平原战士联盟， - an unprecedented coalition of Plains warriors, 275 00:14:47,792 --> 00:14:52,917 包括来自拉科塔、阿拉帕霍和夏延的战士。 - including fighters from the Lakota, Arapaho, and Cheyenne. 276 00:14:52,917 --> 00:14:57,083 - 红云甚至向克劳族伸出援手， - Red Cloud even reaches out to the Crow, 277 00:14:57,083 --> 00:15:01,375 克劳族是拉科塔历史上的敌人。 - which were known as the historic enemy of the Lakota. 278 00:15:01,375 --> 00:15:04,375 这对克劳族来说要求太高了， - It's a bridge too far for the Crow, 279 00:15:04,375 --> 00:15:07,875 但这显示出他在构思这个 - but it shows you how creative he was 280 00:15:07,875 --> 00:15:09,833 对抗美军所必需的联盟时 - in thinking about this coalition 281 00:15:09,833 --> 00:15:12,000 是多么有创意。 - that was needed to fight against the US Army. 282 00:15:13,417 --> 00:15:16,542 即使身后有2000人的强大力量， - Even with a 2,000-strong force behind him, 283 00:15:16,542 --> 00:15:20,250 红云仍等待时机，并了解他的敌人。 - Red Cloud bides his time and gets to know his enemy. 284 00:15:21,375 --> 00:15:23,708 幸运的是，缺乏经验的卡林顿 - Luckily, the inexperienced Carrington 285 00:15:23,708 --> 00:15:28,167 选择在开阔的草原上建造菲尔·卡尼堡。 - has chosen to build Fort Phil Kearny on open prairie. 286 00:15:29,375 --> 00:15:32,708 从更高的地面，红云和他的战士们 - From higher ground, Red Cloud and his men, 287 00:15:32,708 --> 00:15:35,417 可以俯瞰围墙内部。 - can see over the walls. 288 00:15:35,417 --> 00:15:37,417 - 卡林顿上校选择的地点 - The place Colonel Carrington chooses 289 00:15:37,417 --> 00:15:40,792 距离最近的木材供应地有几英里远， - is several miles away from the nearest wood supply, 290 00:15:40,792 --> 00:15:42,208 这意味着他将不得不 - and that means he's gonna have to send 291 00:15:42,208 --> 00:15:44,917 每天派遣砍伐木材的远征队到几英里外。 - wood cutting expeditions several miles away, 292 00:15:44,917 --> 00:15:46,125 每天。 - every day. 293 00:15:49,417 --> 00:15:51,833 随着秋季带来凉爽的天气， - As the fall brings cooler weather, 294 00:15:51,833 --> 00:15:54,125 木材变得更加重要， - wood becomes even more vital, 295 00:15:54,125 --> 00:15:55,542 迫使卡林顿的士兵 - forcing Carrington's men 296 00:15:55,542 --> 00:15:58,708 冒险到离堡垒安全区五英里外 - to venture five miles from the safety of the fort 297 00:15:58,708 --> 00:16:00,708 的最近森林去。 - to the nearest forest. 298 00:16:00,708 --> 00:16:02,375 在那里等待他们的， - Waiting for them there, 299 00:16:02,375 --> 00:16:05,375 是红云手下最凶猛的战士之一， - is one of Red Cloud's fiercest fighters, 300 00:16:05,375 --> 00:16:08,458 一位名叫疯马的年轻战士。 - a young warrior named Crazy Horse. 301 00:16:09,458 --> 00:16:11,292 - 疯马至今仍是 - Crazy Horse remains 302 00:16:11,292 --> 00:16:14,583 有史以来最神秘的平原印第安战士。 - the most mysterious Plains Indian warrior of all time. 303 00:16:16,375 --> 00:16:20,417 - 他年轻时曾有一个幻象， - He had a vision as a young man, 304 00:16:20,417 --> 00:16:25,458 他在战斗中不会被敌人杀死， - that he could not be killed in battle by his enemies, 305 00:16:26,417 --> 00:16:29,083 他已经因为那种奋不顾身的 - and he's already famous for fighting 306 00:16:29,083 --> 00:16:31,542 战斗方式而闻名。 - with that sort of abandon. 307 00:16:33,625 --> 00:16:37,000 - 疯马当时大概22岁。 - Crazy Horse is probably about 22 years old. 308 00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:40,875 他体现了一位更为年长、 - He embodied the character of a much older 309 00:16:40,875 --> 00:16:43,042 经验更为丰富的战场领袖的特质。 - and experienced battle leader. 310 00:16:43,042 --> 00:16:46,167 因此，当红云看到疯马身上的这种特质时， - And so, when Red Cloud sees this within Crazy Horse, 311 00:16:46,167 --> 00:16:48,875 红云将在这场战斗中赋予他 - Red Cloud is going to give him a real leadership role 312 00:16:48,875 --> 00:16:50,083 真正的领导角色。 - in this fight. 313 00:17:03,333 --> 00:17:06,208 置身于无边的草海之中， - Surrounded by an endless sea of grass, 314 00:17:06,208 --> 00:17:10,167 堡垒内的士兵每天都在围困中度日， - soldiers inside the fort live out each day under siege, 315 00:17:10,167 --> 00:17:12,000 他们知道在围墙之外， - knowing that beyond the walls, 316 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:14,250 潜伏着看不见的敌人。 - an invisible enemy lies in wait. 317 00:17:15,583 --> 00:17:19,708 - 红云采取了一种非常精于算计的方式 - Red Cloud takes a very calculated approach 318 00:17:19,708 --> 00:17:22,667 来摸清他的敌人。 - to figuring his enemy out. 319 00:17:22,667 --> 00:17:25,458 他不发动大规模攻击， - He doesn't mount big attacks, 320 00:17:25,458 --> 00:17:30,417 而是发动了数十次这类游击式袭击。 - he mounts instead, dozens of these guerilla-style attacks. 321 00:17:32,583 --> 00:17:33,708 - 对卡林顿而言， - For Carrington, 322 00:17:33,708 --> 00:17:37,958 他的大部分士兵都是新招募的。 - most of his soldiers were newly recruited. 323 00:17:37,958 --> 00:17:39,333 他们是移民， - They were immigrants, 324 00:17:39,333 --> 00:17:42,500 这是他们能找到的最好的工作了。 - who this was the next best job that they could get. 325 00:17:42,500 --> 00:17:45,125 - 所以，当他们看到这些马车载着 - And so, when they see these wagons coming back 326 00:17:45,125 --> 00:17:46,250 被肢解的死者 - with the dead, 327 00:17:46,250 --> 00:17:47,833 回来时， - who have been mutilated, 328 00:17:47,833 --> 00:17:51,083 这对他们来说是非常震惊和可怕的事情。 - this is a very shocking and frightening thing for them. 329 00:17:51,083 --> 00:17:52,583 - 对于这些士兵来说， - For these soldiers, 330 00:17:52,583 --> 00:17:55,667 他们坐在那里看着这些淘金者 - who were sitting there watching these gold miners 331 00:17:55,667 --> 00:17:59,375 川流不息地涌向蒙大拿的金矿， - stream by towards the Montana gold fields, 332 00:17:59,375 --> 00:18:03,042 那些金矿有着极其强大的诱惑力。 - those gold fields had an extremely powerful lure. 333 00:18:03,042 --> 00:18:07,417 到了深秋，几乎每天都有一个人开小差。 - Almost a man a day, by late fall, is deserting. 334 00:18:08,542 --> 00:18:10,625 到九月底， - By the end of September, 335 00:18:10,625 --> 00:18:12,917 红云和他的盟友已经在菲尔·卡尼堡周围 - Red Cloud and his allies have carried out 336 00:18:12,917 --> 00:18:14,708 实施了数十次致命的袭击。 - dozens of deadly raids 337 00:18:14,708 --> 00:18:16,458 实施了数十次致命的袭击。 - around Fort Phil Kearny. 338 00:18:17,208 --> 00:18:19,208 亨利·卡林顿上校 - Colonel Henry Carrington 339 00:18:19,208 --> 00:18:21,708 已经埋葬了他的八名士兵。 - has already buried eight of his men. 340 00:18:23,208 --> 00:18:26,375 - 卡林顿写了很多信 - Carrington is writing lots of letters 341 00:18:26,375 --> 00:18:28,500 给他的指挥官说， - to his commanding officers saying, 342 00:18:28,500 --> 00:18:33,375 我需要更多的人，更多的马匹，更好的枪。 - I need more men, I need more horses, I need better guns. 343 00:18:33,375 --> 00:18:37,708 我认为卡林顿的语气在整个秋天变得越来越焦躁， - I think Carrington's tone grows increasingly agitated, 344 00:18:37,708 --> 00:18:41,042 并且越来越坚持， - and insistent over the course of the fall, 345 00:18:41,042 --> 00:18:43,875 因为这些袭击不断升级。 - as these attacks build and build. 346 00:18:43,875 --> 00:18:47,625 他试图表现出掌控局面的样子， - He's trying to put on the appearance of control, 347 00:18:47,625 --> 00:18:51,542 同时，却又为自己的性命担忧。 - while at the same time, fearing for his very life. 348 00:18:51,542 --> 00:18:55,000 - 卡林顿上校没有得到 - Colonel Carrington did not have the resources 349 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,000 军队承诺给他的资源， - from the army that he was promised, 350 00:18:57,000 --> 00:18:58,750 并且曾有过一段时间， - and there were moments in time 351 00:18:58,750 --> 00:19:02,542 卡林顿手下的军官不到10人， - where Carrington had less than 10 officers, 352 00:19:02,542 --> 00:19:06,083 可用的马匹不到20匹。 - less than 20 serviceable horses. 353 00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:09,375 - 除此之外， - And on top of this, 354 00:19:09,375 --> 00:19:12,000 这座堡垒里还有妇女和儿童。 - there were women and children at this fort as well. 355 00:19:13,042 --> 00:19:14,417 他们要如何保护她们？ - How are they gonna protect them? 356 00:19:14,417 --> 00:19:16,167 要如何保证她们的安全？ - How are they gonna keep them safe? 357 00:19:22,375 --> 00:19:24,583 1866年的美国 - America in 1866 358 00:19:24,583 --> 00:19:28,542 在经历了一场毁灭性的内战之后仍在重建， - is still rebuilding in the wake of a devastating civil war, 359 00:19:28,542 --> 00:19:32,625 安德鲁·约翰逊上任总统已有一年， - and Andrew Johnson is one year into his presidency, 360 00:19:32,625 --> 00:19:36,125 他是在林肯遇刺后接任的。 - having taken office after Lincoln's assassination. 361 00:19:37,083 --> 00:19:38,708 这位前奴隶主 - This former slave owner 362 00:19:38,708 --> 00:19:42,667 现在必须监督南方的重建工作。 - must now oversee the reconstruction of the South. 363 00:19:44,708 --> 00:19:46,833 - 在内战结束后的时期， - In the aftermath of the Civil War, 364 00:19:46,833 --> 00:19:48,042 一方面， - on the one hand, 365 00:19:48,042 --> 00:19:49,417 联邦政府在北美西部的许多地区 - you have a diminishment of federal authority 366 00:19:49,417 --> 00:19:51,583 权威有所削弱。 - in many portions of the American West. 367 00:19:51,583 --> 00:19:53,875 另一方面，你看到不断增长的、 - The other hand you have the growing, 368 00:19:53,875 --> 00:19:55,500 采矿开采经济， - mining extractive economies, 369 00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:57,167 遍布蒙大拿西部， - occurring across western Montana 370 00:19:57,167 --> 00:19:59,708 这吸引了成千上万的移民 - that are bringing thousands of migrants 371 00:19:59,708 --> 00:20:01,958 穿越印第安人的家园。 - through Indian homeland. 372 00:20:03,542 --> 00:20:06,208 由于军队专注于重建南方、 - With the army focused on rebuilding the South, 373 00:20:06,208 --> 00:20:08,500 和保护获得自由的奴隶， - and protecting freed slaves, 374 00:20:08,500 --> 00:20:12,750 西部的部队面临兵力和补给短缺。 - Western forces run short on troops and supplies. 375 00:20:12,750 --> 00:20:15,500 但在被围困的菲尔·卡尼堡， - But at the besieged Fort Phil Kearny, 376 00:20:15,500 --> 00:20:19,542 卡林顿绝望的求助终于得到了回应。 - Carrington's desperate call for help is finally answered. 377 00:20:19,542 --> 00:20:24,375 1866年9月，他迎来了新来的士兵、 - In September 1866, he welcomes fresh soldiers, 378 00:20:24,375 --> 00:20:27,458 更多的马匹，和一位新的副指挥官， - more horses, and a new second in command, 379 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:31,917 威廉·J·费特曼上尉。 - Captain William J. Fetterman. 380 00:20:31,917 --> 00:20:35,417 - 费特曼是内战时期 - Fetterman is a genuine hero 381 00:20:35,417 --> 00:20:38,000 一位真正的英雄。 - of the Civil War. 382 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,542 他因勇敢而受到表彰。 - He's cited for bravery. 383 00:20:40,542 --> 00:20:44,458 他跟随谢尔曼参加了"向海洋进军"， - He's with Sherman during the March to the Sea, 384 00:20:44,458 --> 00:20:47,458 所以他在内战期间几乎无处不在， - so he's kind of everywhere during the Civil War, 385 00:20:47,458 --> 00:20:51,542 并且拥有真正卓越的军事履历。 - and has this really remarkable military record. 386 00:20:52,542 --> 00:20:54,458 - 费特曼上尉抵达时， - Captain Fetterman, when he arrives, 387 00:20:54,458 --> 00:20:56,708 受到了许多年轻军官的英雄式欢迎。 - receives a hero's welcome from many of the younger officers. 388 00:20:56,708 --> 00:20:58,542 一个小圈子围绕着他形成， - And a little clique forms around him, 389 00:20:58,542 --> 00:21:00,625 这导致了他和卡林顿上校之间 - which kind of leads to some division 390 00:21:00,625 --> 00:21:03,208 产生了一些分歧。 - between himself and Colonel Carrington. 391 00:21:03,208 --> 00:21:05,375 卡林顿上校很谨慎。 - Colonel Carrington is cautious. 392 00:21:05,375 --> 00:21:08,875 他身材矮小，从未经历过战斗， - He's a small human being who's never seen combat, 393 00:21:08,875 --> 00:21:13,292 而费特曼上尉则富有攻击性、勇敢、强壮， - whereas Captain Fetterman is aggressive, brave, strong, 394 00:21:13,292 --> 00:21:15,292 是骑兵军官的典范。 - epitome of the cavalry officer. 395 00:21:15,292 --> 00:21:16,708 因此，这种对比， - And so, this contrast, 396 00:21:16,708 --> 00:21:18,292 确实导致了菲尔·卡尼堡 - really leads to a certain division 397 00:21:18,292 --> 00:21:19,792 军官团内部 - within the officer corps 398 00:21:19,792 --> 00:21:21,000 产生了一定的分歧。 - at Fort Phil Kearny. 399 00:21:22,250 --> 00:21:23,125 在随费特曼 - Among the soldiers 400 00:21:23,125 --> 00:21:24,375 到来的士兵中， - arriving with Fetterman, 401 00:21:24,375 --> 00:21:28,292 有一位脾气火爆、渴望行动的军官。 - is a hotheaded officer, eager for action. 402 00:21:28,292 --> 00:21:30,250 - 乔治·W·格鲁蒙德中尉 - Lieutenant George W. Grummond 403 00:21:30,250 --> 00:21:32,042 有一些纪律问题， - had some discipline problems, 404 00:21:32,042 --> 00:21:35,375 比如酗酒、闹事、打架之类的事情。 - drinking, carousing, fighting, that kind of thing. 405 00:21:36,792 --> 00:21:40,667 - 他在内战期间多次受到军事法庭审判， - He was court martialed several times during the Civil War, 406 00:21:40,667 --> 00:21:43,875 并以非常鲁莽著称， - and had a reputation of being very rash, 407 00:21:43,875 --> 00:21:46,875 经常在应该服从命令时 - and jumping ahead of command 408 00:21:46,875 --> 00:21:50,208 擅自行动。 - when he was supposed to be following orders. 409 00:21:50,208 --> 00:21:52,667 - 但他没有经验。 - But he does not have experience. 410 00:21:52,667 --> 00:21:54,792 这些人都没有 - None of these men had experience 411 00:21:54,792 --> 00:21:57,833 与美洲原住民作战的经验。 - in fighting against Native Americans. 412 00:21:59,042 --> 00:22:02,417 记住，这些人是一群内战老兵， - Remember, these are a bunch of Civil War veterans 413 00:22:02,417 --> 00:22:05,708 他们对战争的预期 - and their expectation of war 414 00:22:05,708 --> 00:22:08,958 是在战场上彼此列队对阵， - is lining up in front of each other on battlefields, 415 00:22:08,958 --> 00:22:12,125 然后就是互相猛烈攻击。 - and they're just kind of hammering away at each other. 416 00:22:14,292 --> 00:22:15,875 - 过去， - In the past, 417 00:22:15,875 --> 00:22:18,542 当军队在东部面对原住民时， - when the military is facing Native peoples in the East, 418 00:22:18,542 --> 00:22:22,042 他们对付的主要是定居的民族。 - they're dealing with peoples who are largely sedentary. 419 00:22:22,042 --> 00:22:24,625 突然之间，当你来到西部， - Suddenly, when you move out West, 420 00:22:24,625 --> 00:22:27,583 你面对的是半游牧的民族。 - you're dealing with peoples who are semi-nomadic. 421 00:22:27,583 --> 00:22:30,208 他们总是在移动。 - They're always on the move. 422 00:22:30,208 --> 00:22:31,667 - 拉科塔轻骑兵 - The Lakota Light Cavalry 423 00:22:31,667 --> 00:22:33,833 在当时可能是世界上最好的骑兵。 - was probably the finest in the world at this time. 424 00:22:33,833 --> 00:22:37,708 这些人能在马背上做任何事。 - These men could do anything on horseback. 425 00:22:37,708 --> 00:22:40,792 他们从十五六岁就开始参加战斗， - They had been in combat since they were in their mid-teens, 426 00:22:40,792 --> 00:22:42,375 并且他们从幼年时起 - and they had been trained for combat 427 00:22:42,375 --> 00:22:44,625 就接受战斗训练。 - since they were young children. 428 00:22:44,625 --> 00:22:46,250 - 他们对地形的了解， - Their knowledge of the landscape, 429 00:22:46,250 --> 00:22:48,958 山丘在哪里，山谷在哪里， - where the hills are, where the valleys are, 430 00:22:48,958 --> 00:22:50,708 是无与伦比的。 - unparalleled. 431 00:22:50,708 --> 00:22:53,458 所以，他们确实拥有所有优势 - So, they really have every advantage 432 00:22:53,458 --> 00:22:56,375 来对抗任何进入他们领土的外来者。 - against any kind of incomer to their territory. 433 00:23:00,208 --> 00:23:01,708 在他抵达后， - After he arrives, 434 00:23:01,708 --> 00:23:03,917 费特曼上尉开始训练 - Captain Fetterman sets about drilling 435 00:23:03,917 --> 00:23:06,875 他那支杂牌士兵队伍。 - his ragtag collection of soldiers. 436 00:23:06,875 --> 00:23:09,833 他们现在渴望向敌人开战， - They're now eager to bring the fight to their enemy, 437 00:23:10,917 --> 00:23:13,375 圣路易斯的指挥官们也是如此， - so too are commanders in St. Louis, 438 00:23:13,375 --> 00:23:16,208 他们命令卡林顿攻击拉科塔人 - who order Carrington to attack the Lakota 439 00:23:16,208 --> 00:23:18,708 位于冬季营地的拉科塔人。 - in their winter camps. 440 00:23:18,708 --> 00:23:22,750 但卡林顿收到一份证实了他担忧的报告。 - But Carrington gets a report that confirms his fears. 441 00:23:23,708 --> 00:23:26,542 - 一位老侦察兵告诉卡林顿， - An old scout tells Carrington 442 00:23:26,542 --> 00:23:29,625 在他們北边有许许多多 - that there are villages and villages 443 00:23:29,625 --> 00:23:32,417 北阿拉帕霍、北夏延 - of Northern Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, 444 00:23:32,417 --> 00:23:36,000 和拉科塔各部落的村庄， - and Lakota bands just north of where they are, 445 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:39,042 有1000到1500个帐篷， - 1,000 to 1,500 teepees, 446 00:23:39,042 --> 00:23:42,750 这充分说明了当时红云的能力， - and it says a lot about Red Cloud at that time, 447 00:23:42,750 --> 00:23:46,208 能够集结如此庞大、 - being able to assemble such a large, 448 00:23:46,208 --> 00:23:48,750 且相当多元化的部落联盟。 - and pretty diverse group of bands. 449 00:23:51,875 --> 00:23:54,458 由于人数少于红云的部队， - Outnumbered by Red Cloud's forces, 450 00:23:54,458 --> 00:23:57,208 卡林顿取消了进攻。 - Carrington calls off the attack. 451 00:23:57,208 --> 00:23:59,042 相反，他采取了守势， - Instead, he hunkers down, 452 00:23:59,042 --> 00:24:02,875 只动用部队保护那些伐木队， - using his troops only to protect the teams of woodcutters, 453 00:24:02,875 --> 00:24:05,750 他们仍然必须冒险到数英里外收集燃料。 - who still must venture miles to gather fuel. 454 00:24:07,083 --> 00:24:08,500 - 经过数月的零星小规模冲突 - After months of skirmishing 455 00:24:08,500 --> 00:24:10,375 和零散地袭击个别人员后， - and picking off individuals here and there, 456 00:24:10,375 --> 00:24:12,000 红云决定 - Red Cloud decides 457 00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:15,750 他不仅要攻击伐木工本身， - he's going to attack not just the woodcutters themselves, 458 00:24:15,750 --> 00:24:17,708 还要在援军出动时， - but when the relief force comes out, 459 00:24:17,708 --> 00:24:19,708 也与他们交战， - they're going to engage with them as well, 460 00:24:19,708 --> 00:24:22,583 并试图将他们分散开来。 - and try and draw them apart. 461 00:24:22,583 --> 00:24:26,250 12月6日，红云等到了他的机会。 - On December 6th, Red Cloud gets his chance. 462 00:24:32,208 --> 00:24:33,792 - 信号传来， - The signal comes 463 00:24:33,792 --> 00:24:36,333 外出试图获取木材的马车队 - that the wagon train that is out trying to get the wood 464 00:24:36,333 --> 00:24:38,000 遭到了袭击。 - is under attack. 465 00:24:41,958 --> 00:24:44,542 一发现敌人的踪迹， - At the first sign of the enemy, 466 00:24:44,542 --> 00:24:47,250 格鲁蒙德中尉和少数其他士兵 - Lieutenant Grummond and a handful of other soldiers 467 00:24:47,250 --> 00:24:48,708 就脱离了队形， - break formation, 468 00:24:48,708 --> 00:24:52,875 策马追赶一支由疯马率领的拉科塔小队。 - and gallop after a group of Lakota led by Crazy Horse. 469 00:24:52,875 --> 00:24:55,458 - 他们都为第一次有机会 - They were all excited about their first opportunity 470 00:24:55,458 --> 00:24:57,542 真正发起进攻而感到兴奋， - to actually go on the offense, 471 00:24:57,542 --> 00:25:01,917 于是，这些军官基本上就擅自行动了。 - and so, these officers basically took off on their own. 472 00:25:04,042 --> 00:25:07,375 - 就在这时，士兵们实际上遭到了攻击。 - And this is when soldiers are actually attacked. 473 00:25:07,375 --> 00:25:08,708 格鲁蒙德很快发现， - Grummond soon discovers, 474 00:25:08,708 --> 00:25:10,542 他不仅被包围了， - he's not only surrounded, 475 00:25:10,542 --> 00:25:12,250 而且忘记带枪了。 - but he's forgotten his gun. 476 00:25:13,667 --> 00:25:17,625 他仅凭一把马刀设法杀出重围， - He manages to fight his way out with only a saber, 477 00:25:17,625 --> 00:25:20,375 但另外两名军官中枪身亡， - but two other officers are shot dead, 478 00:25:20,375 --> 00:25:22,625 尸体遭到肢解。 - and their bodies mutilated. 479 00:25:22,625 --> 00:25:25,542 一人被发现钉在树桩上， - One is found impaled on a tree stump, 480 00:25:25,542 --> 00:25:27,667 另一人的头被劈成两半。 - the other with his head cut in half. 481 00:25:29,042 --> 00:25:33,833 红云损失了10个人，但获得了一个宝贵的洞见。 - Red Cloud loses 10 men, but gains a valuable insight. 482 00:25:35,125 --> 00:25:36,417 - 拉科塔人意识到 - The Lakota realize 483 00:25:36,417 --> 00:25:38,458 美国军队 - that the United States military 484 00:25:38,458 --> 00:25:40,833 无法抵抗佯装撤退的原住民部队， - can't resist a retreating Native force, 485 00:25:40,833 --> 00:25:43,375 因为那种优越感心态， - because of that mentality of superiority, 486 00:25:43,375 --> 00:25:47,083 这正是低估对手的绝佳例子。 - the perfect example of just underestimating your opponent. 487 00:25:53,875 --> 00:25:56,250 到了1866年冬天， - By the winter of 1866, 488 00:25:56,250 --> 00:26:00,208 由拉科塔战士红云领导的原住民联盟， - a Native coalition led by Lakota warrior Red Cloud, 489 00:26:00,208 --> 00:26:03,583 几乎每天都在骚扰菲尔·卡尼堡。 - is harassing Fort Phil Kearny almost daily. 490 00:26:04,708 --> 00:26:07,208 美军指挥官卡林顿上校 - The American commander, Colonel Carrington, 491 00:26:07,208 --> 00:26:12,042 手下只剩下六名军官，指挥着300名士兵。 - is down to six officers, overseeing 300 soldiers. 492 00:26:12,042 --> 00:26:14,542 - 到了12月，在菲尔·卡尼堡， - At Fort Phil Kearny, by December, 493 00:26:14,542 --> 00:26:16,250 已有一百多人 - more than a hundred people, 494 00:26:16,250 --> 00:26:18,792 包括士兵和旅行者被杀。 - between soldiers and travelers have been killed. 495 00:26:19,708 --> 00:26:22,875 尸体通常遭到肢解。 - The bodies were usually mutilated. 496 00:26:22,875 --> 00:26:25,333 这在士兵和旅行者中 - It created this sense of fear 497 00:26:25,333 --> 00:26:27,542 制造了一种恐惧感。 - among the soldiers and travelers. 498 00:26:28,667 --> 00:26:33,375 这也给卡林顿带来了很大压力。 - It also created a lot of pressure on Carrington. 499 00:26:33,375 --> 00:26:35,875 他开始收到其他命令， - He's beginning to receive other orders 500 00:26:35,875 --> 00:26:38,333 要求他应该更积极进取。 - that he should be more aggressive. 501 00:26:38,333 --> 00:26:40,625 他自己的军官也告诉他 - His own officers are telling him 502 00:26:40,625 --> 00:26:42,750 他应该更积极进取， - that he should be more aggressive, 503 00:26:42,750 --> 00:26:45,542 所以，他试图平衡所有这些要求。 - and so, he's trying to juggle all of that. 504 00:26:47,083 --> 00:26:49,625 - 卡林顿上校不会勇敢地出击， - Colonel Carrington will not bravely go forth 505 00:26:49,625 --> 00:26:53,083 按照命令去攻击原住民部队。 - and attack Native forces as he was ordered. 506 00:26:54,042 --> 00:26:56,542 相反，他即将被拉科塔人 - Instead, he is going to be ringed in, 507 00:26:56,542 --> 00:26:58,250 围困起来。 - in a siege by the Lakota. 508 00:26:59,125 --> 00:27:01,375 他晚上穿着制服睡觉， - He sleeps in his uniform at night, 509 00:27:01,375 --> 00:27:03,875 因为他知道外面有一支力量， - because he knows that there's a force out there, 510 00:27:03,875 --> 00:27:05,583 可能会将他彻底消灭。 - that may wipe him off the map. 511 00:27:07,375 --> 00:27:10,833 在12月6日成功伏击之后， - After their successful ambush of December 6th, 512 00:27:10,833 --> 00:27:13,375 红云和他的盟友开始筹划 - Red Cloud and his allies begin to work 513 00:27:13,375 --> 00:27:15,875 一个更大胆的计划。 - on an even bolder plan, 514 00:27:15,875 --> 00:27:20,125 红云已经组建了这个由 - Red Cloud's already created this coalition of 515 00:27:20,125 --> 00:27:25,083 夏延、阿拉帕霍、拉科塔人组成的联盟，大约2000名战士 - Cheyenne, Arapaho, Lakota, about 2,000 warriors 516 00:27:25,083 --> 00:27:30,125 隐藏在约三英里外的这些山谷中。 - hidden in these valleys, that are about three miles away. 517 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:32,208 他想 - He wants to 518 00:27:32,208 --> 00:27:34,833 极大地震撼和恐吓 - shock and scare 519 00:27:35,042 --> 00:27:36,375 美国军队， - the US Army 520 00:27:36,375 --> 00:27:41,042 以至于他们会放弃这座堡垒。 - so significantly that they will abandon this fort. 521 00:27:41,042 --> 00:27:44,917 他决定制造一些完全出乎意料的事情， - He decides to create something completely unanticipated, 522 00:27:44,917 --> 00:27:48,458 并设下这个巨大的埋伏。 - and to create this enormous ambush. 523 00:27:48,458 --> 00:27:51,125 唯一的问题是，如何让 - The only problem, is how do you get 524 00:27:51,125 --> 00:27:54,750 一大群美国士兵离开堡垒？ - a big group of US soldiers out of the fort? 525 00:27:57,417 --> 00:27:58,875 在接下来的两周里， - Over the next two weeks, 526 00:27:58,875 --> 00:28:02,833 红云的侦察兵从高地研究堡垒， - Red Cloud's scouts study the fort from the high ground, 527 00:28:02,833 --> 00:28:05,042 使用镜子和烟雾信号 - using mirrors and smoke signals 528 00:28:05,042 --> 00:28:09,458 传递关于内部部队调动的信息。 - to relay messages about troop movements inside. 529 00:28:09,458 --> 00:28:11,583 - 红云在试探， - Red Cloud is probing, 530 00:28:11,583 --> 00:28:13,625 他在了解他的敌人， - and he's learning about his enemy, 531 00:28:13,625 --> 00:28:17,708 他的敌人在不同情况下会如何反应。 - how his enemy will react in different situations. 532 00:28:17,708 --> 00:28:19,875 但在红云收集情报的同时， - But as Red Cloud gathers intel, 533 00:28:19,875 --> 00:28:22,292 卡林顿下达了严格的命令。 - Carrington gives strict orders. 534 00:28:22,292 --> 00:28:25,583 任何美军部队不得冒险越过洛奇小道山脊， - No US forces should venture beyond Lodge Trail Ridge, 535 00:28:25,583 --> 00:28:28,750 那是位于堡垒和北部博兹曼小道之间 - the elevated rise between the fort 536 00:28:28,750 --> 00:28:30,667 的隆起高地。 - and the Bozeman Trail to the north. 537 00:28:31,458 --> 00:28:32,958 - 所以，洛奇小道山脊 - So, Lodge Trail Ridge 538 00:28:32,958 --> 00:28:36,875 位于大炮的射程之内。 - is inside of the range of the cannons. 539 00:28:36,875 --> 00:28:39,167 它也是军队从堡垒 - It's also the last thing 540 00:28:39,167 --> 00:28:44,167 向北望去的视线尽头。 - that the army can see from the fort looking to the north. 541 00:28:45,125 --> 00:28:46,792 - 一旦你看不到你的部队， - Once you lose sight of your forces, 542 00:28:46,792 --> 00:28:51,458 你就失去了对战场的指挥能力。 - you have lost command ability for the field of battle. 543 00:28:51,458 --> 00:28:53,042 因此，卡林顿担心 - And so, Carrington is worried that 544 00:28:53,042 --> 00:28:55,875 如果他的任何部队越过这一点， - if any of his forces go beyond this point, 545 00:28:55,875 --> 00:28:58,083 他将无法及时提供援助。 - he won't be able to send assistance in time. 546 00:29:01,750 --> 00:29:03,708 经过两周的等待， - After two weeks of waiting, 547 00:29:03,708 --> 00:29:07,250 红云终于决定是时候出击了。 - Red Cloud finally decides it's time to strike. 548 00:29:09,542 --> 00:29:14,083 - 12月21日早晨，一场风暴即将来临。 - On the morning of December 21st, there was a storm coming. 549 00:29:14,083 --> 00:29:16,000 他们必须再运一批木材， - They had to get another load of wood, 550 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:19,917 很快，派洛特山上的哨兵 - and pretty soon pickets on Pilot Hill, 551 00:29:19,917 --> 00:29:21,375 发出了信号，说： - give a sign that says, 552 00:29:21,375 --> 00:29:25,375 有印第安人在袭击木材运输队。 - there are Indians attacking the wood train. 553 00:29:25,375 --> 00:29:28,875 费特曼自告奋勇率领一支救援部队， - Fetterman volunteers to lead a relief force, 554 00:29:28,875 --> 00:29:31,875 卡林顿提醒他记住命令。 - and Carrington reminds him of his orders. 555 00:29:31,875 --> 00:29:33,083 - 卡林顿说， - Carrington says, 556 00:29:33,083 --> 00:29:34,542 无论你做什么，都不要越过山脊线。 - whatever you do don't go beyond the ridge line. 557 00:29:34,542 --> 00:29:37,500 你一定不能越过山脊线，他说了三遍。 - You mustn't go beyond the ridge line, three times. 558 00:29:43,667 --> 00:29:46,542 - 他们可以看到这些袭击者 - They can see that these raiders 559 00:29:46,542 --> 00:29:50,375 正在从袭击木材运输队的地点后撤。 - who are attacking the wood train are pulling back. 560 00:29:51,917 --> 00:29:55,083 这正好迎合了军队的信念， - and it plays into the belief of the army, 561 00:29:55,083 --> 00:29:58,875 即他们吓跑了对方。 - that they're scaring them away. 562 00:29:58,875 --> 00:30:00,250 - 在卡尼堡， - At Fort Kearny, 563 00:30:00,250 --> 00:30:03,250 格鲁蒙德跑到卡林顿上校面前 - Grummond comes running up to Colonel Carrington 564 00:30:03,250 --> 00:30:07,250 格鲁蒙德说，请允许我带领骑兵出击， - and Grummond says, allow me to take out the cavalry, 565 00:30:07,250 --> 00:30:11,542 这个人显然非常激进， - the man who was clearly so aggressive 566 00:30:11,542 --> 00:30:15,167 并且急切地想要投入战斗。 - and inflamed to get out into battle. 567 00:30:16,542 --> 00:30:20,958 他确实允许格鲁蒙德带领大约25名骑兵 - And he did allow Grummond to take about 25 cavalry men 568 00:30:20,958 --> 00:30:23,875 出去配合步兵行动。 - out to accompany the men on foot. 569 00:30:26,875 --> 00:30:29,708 - 疯马假装他的马瘸了， - Crazy Horse pretends his horse is lame, 570 00:30:29,708 --> 00:30:32,208 骑到了山脊顶上。 - and rides to the top of the ridge. 571 00:30:32,208 --> 00:30:35,458 他试图引诱费特曼和格鲁蒙德 - He's trying to draw both Fetterman and Grummond 572 00:30:35,458 --> 00:30:37,292 跟随他， - to follow him 573 00:30:39,167 --> 00:30:42,208 格鲁蒙德立即开始追击。 - and Grummond immediately begins pursuit. 574 00:30:44,583 --> 00:30:47,125 - 在那一刻，费特曼面临着一个困境， - At that point, Fetterman faces this quandary, 575 00:30:47,125 --> 00:30:50,250 是让他们独自行动， - do I let them go off on their own, 576 00:30:50,250 --> 00:30:55,292 还是我尝试重新集结我们的部队，让他们保持在一起？ - or do I try and rejoin our forces and keep them together? 577 00:30:56,250 --> 00:30:57,708 - 费特曼上尉别无选择， - Captain Fetterman has no choice, 578 00:30:57,708 --> 00:30:59,750 只能跟在后面支援他。 - but to follow behind and support him. 579 00:31:02,875 --> 00:31:07,458 - 于是，所有这81名士兵和人员 - And so, all 81 of these soldiers and men 580 00:31:07,458 --> 00:31:08,750 最终都进入了山谷， - end up in the valley, 581 00:31:08,750 --> 00:31:10,708 到了洛奇小道山脊的另一边。 - on the other side of Lodge Trail Ridge. 582 00:31:10,708 --> 00:31:12,833 红云设下的 - This massive trap 583 00:31:12,833 --> 00:31:15,750 这个巨大陷阱 - that Red Cloud has set 584 00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:17,208 被触发了。 - is sprung. 585 00:31:23,875 --> 00:31:25,708 - 卡林顿在堡垒里， - Carrington is at the fort 586 00:31:25,708 --> 00:31:28,375 突然他们开始听到 - and all of a sudden they start to hear 587 00:31:28,375 --> 00:31:30,375 山那边传来枪声。 - gunshots over the hill. 588 00:31:30,375 --> 00:31:32,000 他们什么也看不见， - They don't see anything, 589 00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:34,167 但他们知道出事了。 - but they know something is going on. 590 00:31:34,167 --> 00:31:36,375 - 从菲尔·卡尼堡的位置， - From where Fort Phil Kearny is, 591 00:31:36,375 --> 00:31:38,000 无法看到 - it's impossible to see 592 00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,375 向北一英里以外的地方。 - any further than a mile to the north. 593 00:31:40,375 --> 00:31:43,208 红云正是利用这一点来发挥他的优势。 - This is what Red Cloud used to his advantage. 594 00:31:43,208 --> 00:31:47,708 很容易隐藏在那片山坡地形中。 - It was easy to hide in that hillside landscape. 595 00:31:47,708 --> 00:31:50,417 呀！ - Ya! 596 00:31:52,708 --> 00:31:55,833 - 一旦费特曼和他的步兵 - Once Fetterman and his infantry 597 00:31:55,833 --> 00:31:59,500 充分下到那个山谷里， - are sufficiently descended into that valley, 598 00:32:01,208 --> 00:32:03,042 他回头看向洛奇小道山脊， - he looks back at Lodge Trail Ridge, 599 00:32:03,042 --> 00:32:06,542 看到部落已经切断了 - and sees that the tribes have already closed 600 00:32:06,542 --> 00:32:08,417 他撤回堡垒的退路。 - his escape to the fort. 601 00:32:08,417 --> 00:32:13,958 部落从三面合围。 - The tribes close in from all three sides. 602 00:32:13,958 --> 00:32:16,917 一旦他们落入陷阱中心，一切就结束了。 - Once they're in the middle of the trap, it's over. 603 00:32:26,792 --> 00:32:31,208 那天从菲尔·卡尼堡出发的所有81名士兵 - And all 81 men who rode out a Fort Phil Kearny that day 604 00:32:31,208 --> 00:32:33,042 都在那场战斗中阵亡。 - are killed in that battle. 605 00:32:33,042 --> 00:32:35,792 所有人的尸体都遭到了可怕的亵渎。 - Everybody is horribly desecrated. 606 00:32:35,792 --> 00:32:38,375 被剥去头皮，腹部被剖开， - Scalped, stomachs are cut open, 607 00:32:39,542 --> 00:32:42,458 肠子被掏出，四肢被砍断。 - entrails are pulled out, limbs are hacked off. 608 00:32:43,833 --> 00:32:46,333 - 对于拉科塔人而言， - The mutilation of enemies that you've killed in battle 609 00:32:46,333 --> 00:32:47,708 在战斗中 - for the Lakota, 610 00:32:47,708 --> 00:32:52,042 对被杀死敌人的肢解在精神层面有非常具体的含义。 - it had very specific meanings in a spiritual context. 611 00:32:52,042 --> 00:32:53,958 因为一旦你杀死了一个敌人， - Because once you killed an enemy, 612 00:32:53,958 --> 00:32:55,792 你在此处杀死了他们的肉体， - you'd kill their body here, 613 00:32:55,792 --> 00:32:57,917 但这并不一定意味着 - but that didn't necessarily mean 614 00:32:57,917 --> 00:33:00,083 你在来世也杀死了他们。 - you'd killed them in the next life. 615 00:33:00,083 --> 00:33:01,500 所以，也许为了做到这一点， - So, maybe in order to do that, 616 00:33:01,500 --> 00:33:04,042 你会挖出他们的眼睛让他们看不见， - you would take out their eyes so they couldn't see, 617 00:33:04,042 --> 00:33:06,625 或者砍掉他们的手让他们无法战斗。 - or cut off their hands so they couldn't fight. 618 00:33:09,125 --> 00:33:11,833 但有一具尸体得以幸免， - But one body is spared, 619 00:33:11,833 --> 00:33:14,417 那是号手的尸体，他在绝望的生死搏斗中 - the bugler, who used his instrument 620 00:33:14,417 --> 00:33:17,583 曾用他的乐器作为武器。 - as a weapon in a desperate fight for his life. 621 00:33:18,917 --> 00:33:21,500 - 他的英勇使得拉科塔人 - And his bravery was such that the Lakota, 622 00:33:21,500 --> 00:33:25,375 决定他不应被肢解。 - decided that he deserved not to be mutilated. 623 00:33:25,375 --> 00:33:28,125 于是，他被体面地安放在地上， - And so, he was honorably laid on the ground 624 00:33:28,125 --> 00:33:31,042 身上盖着一张野牛皮毯。 - and a buffalo blanket laid over the top of him. 625 00:33:33,375 --> 00:33:37,375 拉科塔及其盟友损失了65人。 - The Lakota and their allies lose 65 men. 626 00:33:37,375 --> 00:33:41,500 据估计，射出的箭矢达四万支， - One estimate puts the number of arrows fired at 40,000, 627 00:33:42,792 --> 00:33:44,750 相当于战斗每分钟射出一千支。 - 1,000 for every minute of the battle. 628 00:33:47,375 --> 00:33:50,042 回到堡垒，卡林顿派出一名骑手， - Back at the fork, Carrington sends a rider, 629 00:33:50,042 --> 00:33:52,125 约翰·"葡萄牙人"·菲利普斯， - John "Portuguee" Phillips, 630 00:33:52,125 --> 00:33:57,125 冒着即将来临的暴风雪前往250英里以南的拉勒米堡。 - into a gathering storm to Fort Laramie, 250 miles south. 631 00:33:59,292 --> 00:34:01,042 在当天结束之前， - Before the day is up, 632 00:34:01,042 --> 00:34:03,500 他下达了最后一道命令。 - he makes one final order. 633 00:34:03,500 --> 00:34:06,583 - 卡林顿上校极度恐惧， - Colonel Carrington is absolutely terrified 634 00:34:06,583 --> 00:34:09,708 担心堡垒接下来会遭到攻击。 - that the fort is going to come under attack next. 635 00:34:09,708 --> 00:34:13,208 他们最优秀的战士死了，最优秀的军官也死了。 - Their best fighters are dead, their best officers are dead. 636 00:34:14,375 --> 00:34:16,875 他命令所有士兵进入紧急岗位。 - He orders all the men to emergency stations. 637 00:34:16,875 --> 00:34:18,208 他命令妇女和儿童 - He orders the women and children 638 00:34:18,208 --> 00:34:20,708 进入弹药储存区， - into the ammunition storage area, 639 00:34:20,708 --> 00:34:23,667 这样她们宁可被炸死也不至于被俘。 - so that they can be blown up rather than be captured. 640 00:34:24,792 --> 00:34:26,250 这就是末日了。 - This is the end. 641 00:34:29,042 --> 00:34:31,083 在红云设伏的那天夜里， - The night of Red Cloud's ambush, 642 00:34:31,083 --> 00:34:33,750 一场暴风雪席卷北部平原， - a blizzard rolls across the northern plains, 643 00:34:33,750 --> 00:34:35,417 向菲尔·卡尼堡袭来。 - towards Fort Phil Kearny. 644 00:34:36,208 --> 00:34:37,750 - 红云刚刚给予了 - Red Cloud just delivered 645 00:34:37,750 --> 00:34:41,208 美军一次堪称震惊的打击， - what would turn out to be a shocking blow to the US Army 646 00:34:41,208 --> 00:34:44,458 他的目标是向美国 - and his goal was to deliver 647 00:34:44,458 --> 00:34:49,375 传递一个政治信号， - a political signal to the US, 648 00:34:49,375 --> 00:34:54,375 关于维持博兹曼小道是否明智。 - about the wisdom of maintaining the Bozeman Trail. 649 00:34:54,375 --> 00:34:57,125 暴风雪将粉末河地区 - The storm blankets the Powder River country 650 00:34:57,125 --> 00:34:58,375 覆盖在深雪之下。 - in deep snow. 651 00:34:58,375 --> 00:35:02,125 但在1866年12月25日， - But on December 25th, 1866, 652 00:35:02,125 --> 00:35:04,750 约翰·"葡萄牙人"·菲利普斯出现了， - John "Portuguee" Phillips emerges, 653 00:35:04,750 --> 00:35:06,333 进入了拉勒米堡。 - and enters Fort Laramie. 654 00:35:07,417 --> 00:35:10,417 他的旅程近250英里。 - His journey almost 250 miles. 655 00:35:10,417 --> 00:35:14,083 在零度以下的严寒中历时四天完成， - completed in four days of sub-zero temperatures, 656 00:35:14,083 --> 00:35:16,208 到达时他的马也累死了。 - kills his horse on arrival. 657 00:35:17,125 --> 00:35:19,375 - 他走进了正在拉勒米堡 - And he walks into a Christmas ball 658 00:35:19,375 --> 00:35:21,542 举行的圣诞舞会， - being held at Fort Laramie, 659 00:35:21,542 --> 00:35:24,833 带来了菲尔·卡尼堡遭遇惨败 - with the news that there has been a massive defeat 660 00:35:24,833 --> 00:35:27,708 和费特曼上尉阵亡的消息。 - at Fort Phil Kearny and Captain Fetterman is dead. 661 00:35:29,625 --> 00:35:32,542 当增援部队火速赶往卡林顿处时， - As reinforcements race to Carrington's aid, 662 00:35:32,542 --> 00:35:36,125 华盛顿的战争部收到了一封电报。 - the War Department in Washington gets a telegram. 663 00:35:36,125 --> 00:35:39,208 - 这是截至当时美军在西部 - It's the worst defeat in US Army history 664 00:35:39,208 --> 00:35:41,167 遭遇的最惨重失败。 - to that point in the West. 665 00:35:41,167 --> 00:35:43,708 此前从未有过如此规模的部队 - Never before had a force that large 666 00:35:43,708 --> 00:35:46,167 被全军覆没。 - been destroyed to the man. 667 00:35:46,167 --> 00:35:48,542 - 这对美国人的心理造成了冲击。 - It was a shock to the American psyche. 668 00:35:48,542 --> 00:35:51,292 人们简直无法理解 - People just couldn't wrap their minds around the fact 669 00:35:51,292 --> 00:35:54,625 费特曼的部队竟以这种方式被歼灭。 - that Fetterman's troops had been dispatched in this way. 670 00:35:54,625 --> 00:35:57,667 - 这种认为前工业时代的、 - The idea that this pre-industrial, 671 00:35:59,167 --> 00:36:00,417 所谓的"野蛮人"， - quote "savages", 672 00:36:00,417 --> 00:36:02,708 能够击败美国军队， - could defeat the United States Army, 673 00:36:02,708 --> 00:36:04,917 而且不仅是击败美国军队， - and not only defeat an army of the United States, 674 00:36:04,917 --> 00:36:10,208 更是将其整支部队彻底歼灭的想法， - but defeat it where the entire regiment was eradicated, 675 00:36:10,875 --> 00:36:13,208 确实与美国作为一个 - really clashes with the idea 676 00:36:13,208 --> 00:36:16,250 新兴大国的理念相冲突。 - of the United States emerging as this great power. 677 00:36:18,250 --> 00:36:19,792 战斗结束三周后， - Three weeks after the battle, 678 00:36:19,792 --> 00:36:22,542 卡林顿被解除了职务。 - Carrington is relieved of duty. 679 00:36:22,542 --> 00:36:26,417 华盛顿的军队指挥官展开了调查。 - Army commanders in Washington open an inquiry. 680 00:36:27,333 --> 00:36:28,542 - 正如你可以想象的，卡林顿 - Carrington, as you can imagine, 681 00:36:28,542 --> 00:36:31,625 受到了巨大的批评， - receives enormous criticism, 682 00:36:31,625 --> 00:36:34,083 而他为自己辩护所做的 - and the biggest thing that he does 683 00:36:34,083 --> 00:36:35,625 最重要的一件事， - as part of defending himself, 684 00:36:35,625 --> 00:36:38,292 就是找别人来为所发生的事顶罪， - is to create someone else to blame for what's happened, 685 00:36:38,292 --> 00:36:40,250 他选中了费特曼。 - and he settles on Fetterman. 686 00:36:41,792 --> 00:36:44,292 - 卡林顿用这种说法反驳，你知道， - Carrington pushes back with this narrative that, you know, 687 00:36:44,292 --> 00:36:46,375 费特曼没有服从命令。 - Fetterman didn't obey orders. 688 00:36:46,375 --> 00:36:50,417 - 费特曼被描述成一个 - And Fetterman has been written about as a 689 00:36:50,417 --> 00:36:53,375 不尊重上级、贪功冒进的人， - glory hound with no respect, 690 00:36:53,375 --> 00:36:56,542 这成了后世所有历史学家 - became the basis for all future historians 691 00:36:56,542 --> 00:36:59,708 书写费特曼战斗叙事的基础， - to write the narrative of the Fetterman fight, 692 00:36:59,708 --> 00:37:03,375 但这绝非事实。 - and it could not have been more untrue. 693 00:37:03,375 --> 00:37:06,750 - 所有那些关于谁对谁错、谁该负责的 - One of the things that all of that speculation and debate 694 00:37:06,750 --> 00:37:09,792 猜测和争论都忽略了一个事实， - about who's wrong and who's to blame 695 00:37:09,792 --> 00:37:14,708 那就是红云执行了一个异常 - ignores is the fact that there was a remarkably 696 00:37:16,042 --> 00:37:18,875 杰出的计划， - brilliant plan executed by Red Cloud 697 00:37:18,875 --> 00:37:22,583 其效果甚至超出了他们自己的想象。 - that worked almost beyond how they could have imagined. 698 00:37:24,250 --> 00:37:26,708 - 费特曼战斗事件表明了 - Fetterman's fight communicates 699 00:37:26,708 --> 00:37:29,750 原住民所具备的一种能力水平， - a level of Indigenous capability 700 00:37:29,750 --> 00:37:34,417 这是美国政策制定者几乎无人相信可能存在的。 - that few American policymakers believe possible. 701 00:37:34,417 --> 00:37:36,667 - 人们总是关注美军如何失败， - It's always seen as how did the US military fail, 702 00:37:36,667 --> 00:37:38,208 而不是美洲原住民如何获胜？ - not how did the Native Americans win? 703 00:37:44,542 --> 00:37:45,375 当费特曼战斗事件 - As the Fetterman fight 704 00:37:45,375 --> 00:37:47,125 在东部激起愤慨之际， - prompts outrage back East, 705 00:37:47,125 --> 00:37:50,625 红云将他的战争扩展到粉末河地区之外。 - Red Cloud takes his war beyond the Powder River country. 706 00:37:52,042 --> 00:37:54,167 他瞄准了美国在西部 - He targets the most visible symbol 707 00:37:54,167 --> 00:37:56,542 最显眼的权力象征， - of American power in the West, 708 00:37:56,542 --> 00:37:59,250 也是对拉科塔土地的严重威胁—— - and a dire threat to Lakota lands, 709 00:37:59,250 --> 00:38:01,458 横贯大陆铁路。 - the Transcontinental Railroad. 710 00:38:02,583 --> 00:38:05,583 - 红云非常清楚的一点是， - One of the things that Red Cloud is very aware of, 711 00:38:05,583 --> 00:38:09,042 铁路已经延伸到了 - is that the railroad has already come 712 00:38:09,042 --> 00:38:11,417 现在的堪萨斯、内布拉斯加， - into what's now Kansas, Nebraska, 713 00:38:11,417 --> 00:38:14,875 并穿过了像南夏延这样的部落领地。 - and through tribes like the Southern Cheyenne. 714 00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:18,708 他意识到这可能会对他们的 - He's aware of the impact that that can have 715 00:38:18,708 --> 00:38:21,625 整个文化和经济产生的影响。 - on their whole culture and economy. 716 00:38:22,625 --> 00:38:25,792 1867年8月7日， - On August 7th, 1867, 717 00:38:25,792 --> 00:38:29,708 夏延和拉科塔盟友在内布拉斯加 - Cheyenne and Lakota allies attack a Union Pacific train 718 00:38:29,708 --> 00:38:31,375 袭击了一列联合太平洋铁路的火车， - in Nebraska, 719 00:38:31,375 --> 00:38:35,208 此地位于粉末河地区以东500英里。 - 500 miles east of the Powder River country. 720 00:38:36,458 --> 00:38:38,583 - 这次袭击突显了一个事实， - This attack underscores the fact 721 00:38:38,583 --> 00:38:42,125 即印第安部落仍然是一支强大的力量， - that Native tribes remain formidable forces, 722 00:38:42,125 --> 00:38:43,875 并且那种认为 - and that this idea 723 00:38:43,875 --> 00:38:45,667 现代机械 - that modern machinery 724 00:38:45,667 --> 00:38:47,750 能够以某种方式促成 - is going to somehow facilitate 725 00:38:47,750 --> 00:38:51,417 轻易结束印第安冲突的想法，是一种幻想。 - an easy end to Native conflict, is a fantasy. 726 00:38:52,583 --> 00:38:56,208 - 华盛顿的许多人认为， - Many in Washington believe it is simply easier 727 00:38:56,208 --> 00:38:58,917 与原住民进行外交谈判 - to diplomatically treat with Native peoples 728 00:38:58,917 --> 00:39:00,375 比与他们作战更容易， - than to fight them, 729 00:39:00,375 --> 00:39:03,375 尤其是在经历了五年内战的 - especially after the carnage and destruction 730 00:39:03,375 --> 00:39:05,958 屠杀和破坏之后。 - of five years of the Civil War. 731 00:39:05,958 --> 00:39:07,625 由于铁路长达千英里的路线 - With its thousand-mile route 732 00:39:07,625 --> 00:39:09,708 穿行于北部平原， - cutting through the northern plains, 733 00:39:09,708 --> 00:39:11,625 它极易受到 - the railroad is highly vulnerable 734 00:39:11,625 --> 00:39:14,417 红云游击战术的攻击， - to Red Cloud's hit-and-run attacks, 735 00:39:14,417 --> 00:39:18,333 而确保其安全的唯一方法，就是讲和。 - and the only way to keep it safe, is to make peace. 736 00:39:19,375 --> 00:39:21,667 - 红云在1868年 - Red Cloud comes to the negotiations 737 00:39:21,667 --> 00:39:25,208 与美国谈判时处于强势地位。 - with the United States in 1868 from a position of strength. 738 00:39:25,208 --> 00:39:27,250 - 红云坚持 - Red Cloud insists 739 00:39:27,250 --> 00:39:30,542 必须放弃博兹曼小道。 - that the Bozeman Trail be abandoned. 740 00:39:30,542 --> 00:39:33,292 美国军队同意了所有这些条件。 - The US Army, they agree to all of that. 741 00:39:33,292 --> 00:39:35,375 他们放弃了博兹曼小道， - They abandon the Bozeman Trail, 742 00:39:35,375 --> 00:39:37,667 他们放弃了堡垒。 - they abandon the forts. 743 00:39:37,667 --> 00:39:40,375 1868年春天， - In the spring of 1868, 744 00:39:40,375 --> 00:39:42,583 谢尔曼将军带着由约翰逊总统任命的 - General Sherman returns to Fort Laramie 745 00:39:42,583 --> 00:39:46,542 和平委员会回到拉勒米堡， - with a peace commission, appointed by President Johnson, 746 00:39:46,542 --> 00:39:49,333 向拉科塔人提出了一项新条约。 - and offers the Lakota a new treaty. 747 00:39:50,542 --> 00:39:54,125 该条约向矿工和定居者关闭了博兹曼小道， - It closes the Bozeman trail to miners and settlers, 748 00:39:54,125 --> 00:39:57,000 并关闭了由卡林顿建造的三座堡垒。 - and shutters the three forts built by Carrington. 749 00:39:58,625 --> 00:40:02,000 但红云将拒绝签字长达五个月， - But for five months, Red Cloud will withhold his signature, 750 00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:05,167 直到他亲眼看到堡垒被烧成灰烬。 - until he sees the forts burn to the ground. 751 00:40:09,833 --> 00:40:12,625 - 这是美国历史上原住民取得的 - It's one of the most decisive victories 752 00:40:12,625 --> 00:40:14,750 最决定性的胜利之一。 - for Native peoples in American history. 753 00:40:14,750 --> 00:40:18,458 它使红云成为最重要的 - It makes Red Cloud the most important 754 00:40:18,458 --> 00:40:20,083 北部平原美洲原住民领袖， - Northern Plains Native American, 755 00:40:20,083 --> 00:40:23,458 也可能是全国最知名的美洲原住民， - and maybe the most visible Native American in the country, 756 00:40:23,458 --> 00:40:27,042 并证明了拉科塔抵抗运动的程度。 - and it proves the level of Lakota resistance. 757 00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:29,292 同一项条约 - The same treaty 758 00:40:29,292 --> 00:40:31,583 建立了伟大的苏族保留地， - creates the Great Sioux Reservation, 759 00:40:31,583 --> 00:40:34,375 给予拉科塔人 - giving the Lakota exclusive control 760 00:40:34,375 --> 00:40:37,583 对48,000平方英里土地的专属控制权， - over 48,000 square miles of land, 761 00:40:37,583 --> 00:40:40,750 面积是康涅狄格州的五倍。 - an area five times the size of Connecticut. 762 00:40:42,042 --> 00:40:46,375 - 1868年的《拉勒米堡条约》是史无前例的。 - The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 is unprecedented. 763 00:40:46,375 --> 00:40:49,458 联邦政府承诺 - The federal government is committing itself 764 00:40:49,458 --> 00:40:52,042 对印第安事务采取新的愿景， - to a new vision of Indian affairs, 765 00:40:52,042 --> 00:40:55,750 承认印第安部落在其 - in which it recognizes autonomy and jurisdiction 766 00:40:55,750 --> 00:40:59,417 大部分故土上的 - of Indian nations across vast portions 767 00:40:59,417 --> 00:41:00,917 自治权和管辖权。 - of their former homelands. 768 00:41:02,042 --> 00:41:02,833 该条约证明了 - The treaty proves 769 00:41:02,833 --> 00:41:05,250 拉科塔民族的力量， - the power of the Lakota nation, 770 00:41:05,250 --> 00:41:09,208 红云也成为历史上唯一一位 - and Red Cloud becomes the only Native leader in history 771 00:41:09,208 --> 00:41:11,708 战胜了美国的原住民领袖。 - to win a war against the US. 772 00:41:15,250 --> 00:41:17,750 - 在1868年红云战争之后， - After Red Cloud's War in 1868, 773 00:41:17,750 --> 00:41:19,542 在《拉勒米堡条约》签署之后， - after the signing of the Fort Laramie Treaty, 774 00:41:19,542 --> 00:41:21,750 他承诺绝不再 - he promised never to take up arms 775 00:41:21,750 --> 00:41:23,000 对美国拿起武器。 - against the United States again. 776 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:25,667 他言出必行，确实再未违背。 - And as a man of his word, he never did. 777 00:41:25,667 --> 00:41:28,375 因此，此后他常被视为和平酋长， - And so, he's often seen as a peace chief after this, 778 00:41:28,375 --> 00:41:29,958 却从未得到他作为军事天才 - and never gets his real due 779 00:41:29,958 --> 00:41:31,833 应有的真正评价。 - as the military genius that he was. 780 00:41:33,458 --> 00:41:35,542 红云始终信守诺言， - Red Cloud remains true to his word, 781 00:41:35,542 --> 00:41:37,667 但菲尔·卡尼堡的灾难 - but the disaster at Fort Phil Kearny 782 00:41:37,667 --> 00:41:42,208 促使美国对平原各部落的政策发生转变。 - prompts a shift in US policy towards the Plains nations. 783 00:41:42,208 --> 00:41:45,667 对某些人来说，任何在保留地之外的印第安人 - For some, any Indians outside the reservation 784 00:41:45,667 --> 00:41:48,750 都将被视为敌对分子，处于战争状态。 - will be considered hostile, and at war. 785 00:41:49,750 --> 00:41:51,458 - 正是在费特曼战斗之后， - It's after the Fetterman fight 786 00:41:51,458 --> 00:41:53,208 威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼 - that you have William Tecumseh Sherman 787 00:41:53,208 --> 00:41:55,542 开始使用"灭绝"一词， - using the term extermination, 788 00:41:55,542 --> 00:41:57,542 来谈论如何对付拉科塔人 - to talk about dealing with the Lakota, 789 00:41:57,542 --> 00:42:00,000 以及其他所谓的麻烦部落。 - and other so-called troublesome tribes. 790 00:42:01,083 --> 00:42:03,500 - 费特曼战斗是一个关键时刻， - The Fetterman fight is the moment 791 00:42:03,500 --> 00:42:06,958 拉科塔民族的力量 - in which the power of the Lakota Nation 792 00:42:06,958 --> 00:42:10,083 在此刻清晰地传达给了联邦政府。 - is clearly communicated to the federal government. 793 00:42:10,083 --> 00:42:11,625 很少有原住民族 - Very few Native nations 794 00:42:11,625 --> 00:42:15,542 能够获得那种级别的联邦承认 - would ever obtain that level of federal recognition 795 00:42:15,542 --> 00:42:17,958 和所谓的保护。 - and supposed protection. 796 00:42:17,958 --> 00:42:21,125 可悲的是，此后也很少有原住民族 - And sadly, very few Native nations would ever suffer 797 00:42:21,125 --> 00:42:24,042 会遭受如此背弃承诺的待遇。 - such betrayals of those commitments thereafter. 798 00:42:27,500 --> 00:42:29,375 - 今天，红云被颂扬为 - Today, Red Cloud is celebrated 799 00:42:29,375 --> 00:42:32,208 一位智胜美军、为保护族人生存方式 - as the leader who outsmarted the US Army 800 00:42:32,208 --> 00:42:35,125 而战的领袖。 - as he fought to preserve his people's way of life. 801 00:42:35,125 --> 00:42:38,292 然而，他赢得的条约最终被撕毁。 - Eventually though the treaty he won is broken. 802 00:42:38,292 --> 00:42:42,042 拉科塔人将在没有他的情况下继续与美国战斗， - The Lakota will continue to fight the US without him, 803 00:42:42,042 --> 00:42:44,125 最著名的是坐牛 - most famously when Sitting Bull defeats 804 00:42:44,125 --> 00:42:47,792 在小大角战役中击败乔治·卡斯特将军。 - General George Custer at the Little Bighorn. 805 00:42:47,792 --> 00:42:50,958 但最终，他们的抵抗被镇压下去， - But in time their resistance will be suppressed, 806 00:42:50,958 --> 00:42:54,250 拉科塔人曾经自由驰骋的广阔草原 - and the vast grasslands that the Lakota once roamed freely 807 00:42:54,250 --> 00:42:55,792 如今被 - are now taken over 808 00:42:55,792 --> 00:42:58,875 牧场主占据，引发了新的冲突—— - by cattle ranchers sparking a new conflict, 809 00:42:58,875 --> 00:43:02,458 关于谁将控制这些最后的广阔天地。 - over who gets control of these last wide open spaces.