1 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:03,370 - 到19世纪中叶， - By the middle of the 19th century, 2 00:00:03,370 --> 00:00:06,540 美国已宣称拥有整个大陆， - the United States has claimed the entire continent 3 00:00:06,540 --> 00:00:10,120 从大西洋沿岸一直到太平洋， - from the Atlantic coast all the way to the Pacific Ocean, 4 00:00:10,120 --> 00:00:12,500 但西进的每一步都加深了 - but every step west deepens a conflict 5 00:00:12,500 --> 00:00:16,000 这个自建国初期就分裂国家的矛盾。 - that has divided the nation from its earliest days. 6 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,200 北方各州将西部视为 - Northern states see the West as a place 7 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:22,040 定居者可以通过耕种自有土地谋生的地方。 - where settlers can make a living by working their own land. 8 00:00:22,040 --> 00:00:24,450 而南方各州则希望扩展 - While Southern states want to extend 9 00:00:24,450 --> 00:00:28,700 其种植园经济并将奴隶制推广到西部。 - their plantation economies and expand slavery into the West. 10 00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:32,700 当堪萨斯领地在1854年向定居者开放时， - When Kansas Territory is opened up to settlers in 1854, 11 00:00:34,040 --> 00:00:36,950 废奴主义者约翰·布朗发起了一场运动 - abolitionist John Brown launches a crusade 12 00:00:36,950 --> 00:00:38,370 以阻止奴隶制进入。 - to keep slavery out. 13 00:00:38,370 --> 00:00:41,450 他的暴力行动将震惊全国 - His violent actions will shock the nation 14 00:00:41,450 --> 00:00:44,410 并中断美国西部的定居进程。 - and interrupt the settlement of the American West. 15 00:00:49,950 --> 00:00:51,330 - 人们生活在神话中， - People live on myths, 16 00:00:52,700 --> 00:00:55,160 而在美国经历中真正扎根的神话 - and the myths that really stick in the American experience 17 00:00:55,160 --> 00:00:57,000 就是西部的神话。 - are the myths of the West. 18 00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:01,830 山更高，沙漠更严酷， - The mountains were taller, the deserts were harsher, 19 00:01:01,830 --> 00:01:03,540 雪更深。 - the snows were deeper. 20 00:01:03,540 --> 00:01:08,660 - 美国西部唤起惊奇、可能性和机遇。 - American West conjures wonder, possibility, opportunity. 21 00:01:09,830 --> 00:01:11,040 - 山地人的形象。 - The figure of the mountain man. 22 00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:13,450 臭名昭著的亡命之徒。 - Notorious outlaws. 23 00:01:13,450 --> 00:01:15,000 - 牛仔。 - The cowboy. 24 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:17,910 - 加利福尼亚发现黄金。 - The discovery of gold in California. 25 00:01:17,910 --> 00:01:19,370 这一列列马车 - This train of wagons 26 00:01:19,370 --> 00:01:22,040 蜿蜒穿过草原。 - trailing across the prairie. 27 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:25,290 - 每个人都想得到这片土地，各有缘由。 - Everybody has a reason for wanting this land. 28 00:01:26,410 --> 00:01:30,120 - 但那片土地大部分已被占据。 - But most of that land was already occupied. 29 00:01:33,750 --> 00:01:38,450 - 我们在此居住已超过一万年。 - We have been residents for more than 10,000 years. 30 00:01:38,450 --> 00:01:41,000 - 这是两种不同生活方式 - This is a clash of two different ways 31 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,410 看待生命本身的冲突，一方为 - of seeing life itself, fighting for the future 32 00:01:44,410 --> 00:01:46,370 家园的未来而战。 - of your homeland on the one side. 33 00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:49,450 另一方则为 - And fighting for the destiny 34 00:01:49,450 --> 00:01:51,660 新共和国的命运而战。 - of the new republic on the other side. 35 00:01:55,790 --> 00:01:58,620 西部的历史是一个创世故事。 - The history of the West is a creation story. 36 00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:02,370 它创造了我们所认为的现代美国。 - It's the creation of what we think of as modern America. 37 00:02:03,790 --> 00:02:06,330 - 西部是一个一切皆有可能的地方。 - The West is a place where anything is possible. 38 00:02:08,660 --> 00:02:10,750 它是美国梦的精髓。 - It is the essence of the American dream. 39 00:02:12,750 --> 00:02:15,500 - 核心在于，我们作为一个国家将成为什么？ - The core of this is, what are we to be as a nation? 40 00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:18,290 清算的时刻即将来临。 - The reckoning is coming. 41 00:02:18,290 --> 00:02:22,290 西部是这块画布，美国梦在上面 - The West is this canvas on which American dreams 42 00:02:22,290 --> 00:02:23,620 变得比生命更宏大。 - become larger than life. 43 00:02:33,700 --> 00:02:36,540 到1840年代末，美国西进运动 - By the late 1840s, the westward movement 44 00:02:36,540 --> 00:02:39,500 已变得势不可挡。 - of the United States has become unstoppable. 45 00:02:40,450 --> 00:02:43,040 詹姆斯·K·波尔克总统在任期内， - In a single term at the White House, 46 00:02:43,040 --> 00:02:46,160 见证了美国历史上 - President James K. Polk sees the largest 47 00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:49,370 最大规模的领土扩张。 - territorial expansion in American history. 48 00:02:51,950 --> 00:02:55,500 与英国签订条约使他获得了现在的俄勒冈， - A treaty with Britain gives him what's now Oregon 49 00:02:55,500 --> 00:02:58,540 而美墨战争的胜利 - and a victory in the Mexican-American war 50 00:02:58,540 --> 00:03:02,700 通过增添如今的加利福尼亚、 - reshapes the nation by adding present day California, 51 00:03:02,700 --> 00:03:07,660 犹他、亚利桑那、新墨西哥和科罗拉多大部分地区重塑了国家。 - Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and most of Colorado. 52 00:03:08,950 --> 00:03:12,700 但这种史无前例的增长带来了不稳定， - But with this unprecedented growth comes instability, 53 00:03:12,700 --> 00:03:16,370 引发了关于国家未来的问题。 - raising questions about the future of the nation. 54 00:03:17,500 --> 00:03:19,200 - 在19世纪，奴隶制问题 - In the 19th century, the issue of slavery 55 00:03:19,200 --> 00:03:21,200 实际上与一切事物相关联， - is literally linked to everything, 56 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:23,250 包括西进扩张。 - including westward expansion. 57 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:26,080 随着新领土的获得， - As new territory is acquired, 58 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:28,200 摆在桌面上的大问题是， - the big question on the table is, 59 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:29,950 这些地方会成为自由州 - will those become free states 60 00:03:29,950 --> 00:03:31,620 还是蓄奴州？ - or will they become slave states? 61 00:03:32,950 --> 00:03:35,500 自独立战争很久以前起， - Since long before the Revolutionary War, 62 00:03:35,500 --> 00:03:39,660 奴隶制一直是美国身份不可否认的一部分。 - slavery has been an undeniable part of America's identity. 63 00:03:41,290 --> 00:03:43,790 南方的经济深深植根于 - And the South's economy is deeply rooted 64 00:03:43,790 --> 00:03:46,580 奴隶制和棉花。 - in slavery and cotton. 65 00:03:46,580 --> 00:03:49,200 - 对我们21世纪的人来说很难 - It's hard for us in the 21st century 66 00:03:49,200 --> 00:03:52,080 理解棉花的重要性。 - to understand the importance of cotton. 67 00:03:52,080 --> 00:03:53,870 棉花确实是王道。 - Cotton really is king. 68 00:03:55,250 --> 00:03:58,330 - 棉花占美国出口的60%。 - Cotton was producing 60% of American exports. 69 00:03:58,330 --> 00:04:00,830 它是美国经济的核心。 - It was central to the American economy. 70 00:04:00,830 --> 00:04:03,830 奴隶制对于棉花种植至关重要， - Slavery is essential to the growing of cotton, 71 00:04:03,830 --> 00:04:08,450 但奴隶制正在腐蚀美国生活。 - but slavery is just corroding American life. 72 00:04:09,540 --> 00:04:12,500 到1840年代，关于奴隶制的辩论 - By the 1840s, the debate over slavery 73 00:04:12,500 --> 00:04:14,620 威胁着要分裂国家。 - threatens to tear the nation apart. 74 00:04:16,040 --> 00:04:18,700 - 它导致政党分裂。 - It results in the fracture of political parties. 75 00:04:18,700 --> 00:04:21,700 它分裂家庭，制造狂热分子。 - It splits families, it creates zealots. 76 00:04:21,700 --> 00:04:24,500 这是为美国灵魂而战的斗争， - It is the battle for the soul of America 77 00:04:24,500 --> 00:04:28,040 由两种相互竞争的意识形态、两种相互竞争的 - by two competing ideologies, two competing visions 78 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:29,580 关于美国未来的愿景所驱动。 - of what America can be. 79 00:04:30,540 --> 00:04:32,540 到1850年，美国南方大约有 - By 1850, there are roughly 80 00:04:32,540 --> 00:04:35,750 三百万被奴役的人口。 - three million enslaved people in the American South. 81 00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:40,080 南方人预见的未来是奴隶在西部 - Southerners see a future with slaves working on plantations 82 00:04:40,080 --> 00:04:43,620 的种植园和加利福尼亚的矿场工作。 - in the West and mines in California. 83 00:04:43,620 --> 00:04:47,830 但在北方，奴隶制被视为国家罪孽。 - But in the North, slavery is considered a national sin. 84 00:04:49,370 --> 00:04:52,700 北方15个州已禁止了这一制度， - The institution has been banned in 15 northern states, 85 00:04:52,700 --> 00:04:55,500 许多北方人希望阻止奴隶制 - and many Northerners want to prevent slavery 86 00:04:55,500 --> 00:04:57,870 蔓延到新领土。 - from spreading into the new territories. 87 00:04:59,370 --> 00:05:02,000 - 美国出现了一种新兴理念，称为自由土壤， - There's an emerging idea in America called free soil, 88 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:05,040 这种理念认为西部的一切， - and this is an idea that says everything in the West, 89 00:05:05,040 --> 00:05:08,160 美国每一片未组织的领土 - every unorganized piece of territory in the United States 90 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:10,040 都应该是自由土壤。 - ought to be free soil. 91 00:05:10,040 --> 00:05:12,500 它应该没有奴隶制。 - It should be free of slavery. 92 00:05:12,500 --> 00:05:14,870 - 自由土壤派，他们反对奴隶制 - Free Soilers, they oppose slavery 93 00:05:14,870 --> 00:05:18,370 并非因为他们同情黑人。 - not because they are sympathetic to blacks. 94 00:05:18,370 --> 00:05:20,580 他们反对制度性奴隶制 - They are opposed to the institutional slavery 95 00:05:20,580 --> 00:05:23,370 主导他们居住的地区。 - dominating the areas where they live. 96 00:05:23,370 --> 00:05:25,450 但北方还有另一个反奴隶制团体。 - But there's another anti-slavery group 97 00:05:25,450 --> 00:05:26,750 在北方。 - in the North. 98 00:05:26,750 --> 00:05:29,660 他们基于道德理由反对奴隶制 - They oppose slavery on moral grounds 99 00:05:29,660 --> 00:05:31,830 并希望彻底取缔它。 - and want to outlaw it outright. 100 00:05:32,750 --> 00:05:34,040 废奴主义者。 - The abolitionists. 101 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:36,580 - 内战前的废奴主义 - Abolitionism before the Civil War 102 00:05:36,580 --> 00:05:39,000 仍然是一种边缘立场。 - is still kind of a fringe position. 103 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:41,950 所以废奴主义者正在进行一场艰苦的战斗， - So the abolitionists are fighting an uphill battle, 104 00:05:41,950 --> 00:05:44,580 一场头等重要的大卫与歌利亚式的战斗。 - a David and Goliath battle of the first order. 105 00:05:45,830 --> 00:05:48,080 而站在那场战斗前线的 - And on the front lines of that battle 106 00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:50,290 是一个名叫约翰·布朗的人。 - is a man named John Brown. 107 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,830 - 约翰·布朗相信每一个黑人男女和儿童 - John Brown believed that every black man, woman, and child 108 00:05:55,830 --> 00:05:58,540 都需要成为自由人，拥有平等的权利和地位、 - needs to be a free person with equal rights and status 109 00:05:58,540 --> 00:06:00,080 投票权以及所有其他 - and voting power and everything else 110 00:06:00,080 --> 00:06:01,910 与美国任何人平等的权利， - as anybody else in America, 111 00:06:01,910 --> 00:06:05,000 而除非这被废除，否则我们就不自由。 - and we are not free until this is abolished. 112 00:06:06,410 --> 00:06:10,830 - 他似乎身上有种 charismatic 的特质 - He seems to have this charismatic streak in him 113 00:06:10,830 --> 00:06:15,540 让某些人愿意追随他。 - that certain people were willing to follow. 114 00:06:15,540 --> 00:06:19,120 如果他说："你为什么不加入我 - And if he says, "Why are you not joining me 115 00:06:19,120 --> 00:06:21,250 一起对抗奴隶制？" - in the fight against slavery?" 116 00:06:21,250 --> 00:06:22,370 你真的会问自己， - You'd really be asking yourself, 117 00:06:22,370 --> 00:06:24,200 "哎呀，你知道，为什么？ - "Gee, you know, why? 118 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:26,080 我的意思是，我应该加入。" - I mean, I should." 119 00:06:26,080 --> 00:06:27,870 约翰·布朗让他们相信 - John Brown made them believe 120 00:06:27,870 --> 00:06:30,290 这是他们需要做的事情。 - that this was something that they needed to do. 121 00:06:32,910 --> 00:06:35,040 - 你只有理解约翰·布朗成长中所受的 - You can only understand John Brown's views on slavery 122 00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:37,370 宗教熏陶，才能理解他关于奴隶制 - and on race if you understand the kind of religion 123 00:06:37,370 --> 00:06:38,540 和种族的观点， - that he grew up in, 124 00:06:39,870 --> 00:06:43,660 严格的加尔文主义者，但他们的加尔文主义认为 - strict Calvinists, but their Calvinism was one that said 125 00:06:43,660 --> 00:06:46,700 你基督教信仰最重要的部分在于 - the most important part of your Christianity is the degree 126 00:06:46,700 --> 00:06:48,700 你对待周围每个人的方式， - to which you treat everybody around you, 127 00:06:48,700 --> 00:06:52,370 无论种族、境况、地位，都视作平等。 - regardless of race, condition, status, as your equal. 128 00:06:53,540 --> 00:06:55,540 - 约翰·布朗结婚并育有几个孩子， - John Brown marries and has several children, 129 00:06:55,540 --> 00:06:57,370 但他的第一任妻子去世了。 - but his first wife dies. 130 00:06:57,370 --> 00:06:59,790 他随后再婚，他和第二任妻子 - He then remarries and he and his second wife 131 00:06:59,790 --> 00:07:02,040 又生了13个孩子， - have an additional 13 children, 132 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:05,000 但其中有七个在出生时 - but seven of them die either at childbirth 133 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:06,000 或幼年夭折。 - or in early childhood. 134 00:07:07,620 --> 00:07:11,500 - 布朗对疾病和失去如此熟悉。 - Brown is so familiar with illness and loss. 135 00:07:11,500 --> 00:07:14,750 我认为布朗个人对痛苦的经历 - I think that Brown's personal experience of suffering 136 00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:18,370 使他对所有被奴役者的 - makes him deeply sensitive to the pain 137 00:07:18,370 --> 00:07:20,200 痛苦和磨难深感同情， - and suffering to all of the enslaved, 138 00:07:20,200 --> 00:07:21,620 尤其是儿童。 - especially of children. 139 00:07:23,370 --> 00:07:25,370 随着国家向西推进， - As the country pushes west, 140 00:07:25,370 --> 00:07:28,290 奴隶制问题在争议双方 - the slavery question ignites fierce passions 141 00:07:28,290 --> 00:07:30,000 都点燃了激烈的情绪。 - on both sides of the issue. 142 00:07:31,370 --> 00:07:33,910 迄今为止，联邦政府一直设法 - So far, the federal government has managed 143 00:07:33,910 --> 00:07:38,120 维持自由州和蓄奴州的数量相等。 - to keep an equal number of free states and slave states. 144 00:07:38,120 --> 00:07:41,620 但每次有新领土申请建州， - But each time a new territory is up for statehood, 145 00:07:41,620 --> 00:07:43,870 都会引发全国性辩论， - it triggers a national debate, 146 00:07:44,870 --> 00:07:47,910 导致一系列妥协。 - leading to a series of compromises. 147 00:07:47,910 --> 00:07:49,410 - 所以第一个重大妥协是 - So one of the first big ones is 148 00:07:49,410 --> 00:07:51,290 1820年的密苏里妥协案。 - the Missouri Compromise of 1820. 149 00:07:51,290 --> 00:07:54,620 他们确定缅因州将以自由州加入， - They established that Maine will come in as a free state, 150 00:07:54,620 --> 00:07:56,370 密苏里州将以蓄奴州加入， - Missouri will come in as a slave state, 151 00:07:56,370 --> 00:08:00,000 并将在密苏里南部边界 - and they'll draw a line on the 36 30 parallel 152 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:02,540 沿北纬36度30分划一条线。 - on the southern border of Missouri. 153 00:08:02,540 --> 00:08:04,620 - 这条线以下都是蓄奴州 - Everything below this line is a slave state. 154 00:08:04,620 --> 00:08:06,830 这条线以上都是自由州 - Everything above it is a free state. 155 00:08:07,950 --> 00:08:10,200 这种平衡维持了30年 - This balance holds for 30 years 156 00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:14,500 直到富含黄金的加利福尼亚申请加入联邦 - until gold-rich California seeks to enter the Union. 157 00:08:14,500 --> 00:08:15,660 - 加利福尼亚加入联邦 - The admission of California 158 00:08:15,660 --> 00:08:17,910 将意味着一个自由州 - to the Union would mean a free state, 159 00:08:17,910 --> 00:08:20,160 这将打破国会中的平衡 - and that would tip the balance in Congress. 160 00:08:20,160 --> 00:08:21,500 这是南方各州 - And that was something the southern states 161 00:08:21,500 --> 00:08:23,000 绝对无法接受的 - could not possibly accept. 162 00:08:24,540 --> 00:08:27,660 - 国会通过了1850年妥协案 - Congress passes the Compromise of 1850. 163 00:08:28,790 --> 00:08:30,410 - 亨利·克莱出面 - And Henry Clay comes along, 164 00:08:30,410 --> 00:08:32,790 正如林肯常说的"危机中人" - "the man in a crisis" as Lincoln often said, 165 00:08:32,790 --> 00:08:35,370 他能够起草一系列法案 - and he's able to author a series of bills 166 00:08:35,370 --> 00:08:37,700 让双方都得到好处 - which gives things to both sides. 167 00:08:37,700 --> 00:08:39,750 加利福尼亚作为自由州加入 - California comes in as a free state, 168 00:08:39,750 --> 00:08:42,830 但犹他和新墨西哥将作为蓄奴领地加入 - but Utah and New Mexico will come in as slave territories. 169 00:08:44,040 --> 00:08:47,080 协议将加利福尼亚作为自由州加入 - The deal adds California as a free state, 170 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:50,040 但蓄奴州要求更多 - but slave states demand something even more. 171 00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:53,790 - 协议中包含《逃奴法案》 - In the deal is the Fugitive Slave Act, 172 00:08:53,790 --> 00:08:55,370 这深受南方人喜爱 - which the Southerners love. 173 00:08:55,370 --> 00:08:59,040 如果有逃奴，他们必须被归还 - If you have a runaway slave, they would have to be returned. 174 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:01,040 《逃奴法案》是最能 - The Fugitive Slave Act is the thing 175 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:04,620 激怒像约翰·布朗这样的人的事物 - that most incited people like John Brown. 176 00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:06,790 - 另一个是德雷德·斯科特案裁决 - The other is the Dred Scott decision 177 00:09:06,790 --> 00:09:08,870 最高法院做出了毁灭性裁决 - where the Supreme Court makes a shattering decision 178 00:09:08,870 --> 00:09:10,700 认定黑人甚至不是公民 - that blacks are not even citizens. 179 00:09:10,700 --> 00:09:13,870 这些事件加在一起加深了布朗的感觉 - These things coming together deepen Brown's feeling 180 00:09:13,870 --> 00:09:16,000 暴力是唯一的答案 - that violence is the only answer. 181 00:09:17,410 --> 00:09:19,700 尽管如此，妥协案还是设法 - Still, the compromises have managed 182 00:09:19,700 --> 00:09:22,750 维持了北方和南方之间的政治和平 - to keep political peace between the North and South. 183 00:09:23,620 --> 00:09:27,580 但在1854年，奴隶制问题 - But in 1854, the issue of slavery 184 00:09:27,580 --> 00:09:30,870 再次被推回全国聚光灯下 - is thrust back into the national spotlight. 185 00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:34,040 - 1854年，伊利诺伊州参议员斯蒂芬·A·道格拉斯 - In 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, 186 00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:36,290 他是国会中的重要人物之一 - who's one of the big movers and shakers in Congress, 187 00:09:36,290 --> 00:09:37,580 和许多人一样，他怀有 - has visions, as do many people, 188 00:09:37,580 --> 00:09:39,250 修建横贯大陆铁路的愿景 - of a transcontinental railroad. 189 00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:43,750 拟议路线沿线的区域 - The region along the proposed route 190 00:09:43,750 --> 00:09:47,080 是未组织的领土，居住着 - is unorganized territory occupied by 191 00:09:47,080 --> 00:09:48,950 数十个原住民部落 - dozens of native tribes. 192 00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:52,620 如果道格拉斯想修建他的铁路 - If Douglas wants to build his railroad, 193 00:09:52,620 --> 00:09:55,950 他必须找到组织这片土地的方法 - he'll have to find a way to organize the land. 194 00:09:57,160 --> 00:10:02,080 于是在1854年，他提出了《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》 - So in 1854, he introduces the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 195 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:05,370 它将废除《密苏里妥协案》 - It would repeal the Missouri Compromise 196 00:10:05,370 --> 00:10:07,660 并创建两个新领地 - and create two new territories, 197 00:10:07,660 --> 00:10:10,620 使它们都走上建州之路 - putting them both on a path towards statehood. 198 00:10:11,910 --> 00:10:15,040 - 道格拉斯提出了他认为是简单的解决方案 - Douglas comes up with what he thinks is a simple solution. 199 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:17,500 他将允许堪萨斯和内布拉斯加的人民 - He will allow the people in Kansas and Nebraska 200 00:10:17,500 --> 00:10:18,910 自行决定 - to decide for themselves 201 00:10:18,910 --> 00:10:21,120 它们将成为自由州还是蓄奴州 - whether they'll be free states or slave states. 202 00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:24,080 - 这项提议引发了通常的激烈争议 - This proposal touches off the usual firestorm, 203 00:10:24,080 --> 00:10:27,160 即，好吧，新州，但是哪种类型？ - which is, okay, new states, but what kind? 204 00:10:29,870 --> 00:10:32,500 - 对北方人来说，你夺走了 - For Northerners, you're taking away something 205 00:10:32,500 --> 00:10:34,540 他们以为已经拥有的东西 - they thought they had. 206 00:10:34,540 --> 00:10:36,870 即路易斯安那购地北部 - This promise that that northern part 207 00:10:36,870 --> 00:10:38,910 将会是自由的承诺 - of the Louisiana Purchase would be free. 208 00:10:38,910 --> 00:10:40,910 现在它可能对奴隶制开放了 - Now it's potentially open to slavery. 209 00:10:40,910 --> 00:10:43,290 所以他们说："我们被背叛了 - So they say, "We've been betrayed. 210 00:10:43,290 --> 00:10:47,250 我们不得不重新打一场30年前打过的仗" - We're having to re fight a battle we fought 30 years ago." 211 00:10:47,250 --> 00:10:49,910 - 斯蒂芬·道格拉斯相信这将解决问题 - Stephen Douglas believes this will solve the problem 212 00:10:49,910 --> 00:10:51,580 因为将会有文明的辩论 - because there will be civil debate 213 00:10:51,580 --> 00:10:53,950 多数派将获胜 - and the majority will win. 214 00:10:53,950 --> 00:10:56,870 他完全不知道他基本上引发了 - He has no idea that he's basically touched off 215 00:10:56,870 --> 00:10:59,370 一段激烈的边境暴力时期 - a period of intense frontier violence. 216 00:11:00,700 --> 00:11:02,870 参议院激烈辩论后 - After a fierce debate in the Senate, 217 00:11:02,870 --> 00:11:08,000 《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》于1854年5月通过 - the Kansas-Nebraska Act passes in May of 1854 218 00:11:09,370 --> 00:11:12,910 这些领地开始向美国定居者开放 - and the territories are opened up for American settlement. 219 00:11:12,910 --> 00:11:16,540 大多数美国人认为内布拉斯加将成为自由州 - Most Americans assume that Nebraska will be a free state 220 00:11:16,540 --> 00:11:19,450 因为它位于如此偏北 - because it's located so far north, 221 00:11:19,450 --> 00:11:22,870 但堪萨斯的命运则不那么明确 - but the fate of Kansas is not so clear. 222 00:11:22,870 --> 00:11:24,370 - 很快将举行投票 - There's gonna be a vote very soon 223 00:11:24,370 --> 00:11:26,080 决定州立法机构 - to determine the state legislature, 224 00:11:26,080 --> 00:11:28,580 问题是，他们将是一个亲奴隶制的立法机构 - and the question is, will they be a pro-slavery legislature 225 00:11:28,580 --> 00:11:31,160 还是一个反奴隶制的立法机构？ - or will they be an anti-slavery legislature? 226 00:11:32,700 --> 00:11:34,910 - 无论是亲奴隶制的人 - Whoever gets there first with the most people, 227 00:11:34,910 --> 00:11:37,660 还是反奴隶制的人，谁先带着最多的人到达 - the pro-slavery folks or the anti-slavery folks, 228 00:11:37,660 --> 00:11:39,700 他们就将成为制定规则的人 - they will be the ones to write the rules 229 00:11:39,700 --> 00:11:41,410 当堪萨斯成为一个州时 - when Kansas becomes a state. 230 00:11:41,410 --> 00:11:43,450 所以有一场奔向堪萨斯的竞赛 - So there's a race to Kansas, 231 00:11:43,450 --> 00:11:45,620 不仅在合法定居者之间 - not only among legitimate settlers, 232 00:11:45,620 --> 00:11:47,410 那些想去那里生活的人 - people who want to go there and live, 233 00:11:47,410 --> 00:11:49,200 还有那些想去 - but by people who want to go 234 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:51,910 为他们立场发声的人 - and make a statement for their position. 235 00:11:54,790 --> 00:11:56,910 在该法案通过之前 - Before the act is even passed, 236 00:11:56,910 --> 00:12:00,870 北方有势力的反奴隶制活动家筹集资金 - powerful anti-slavery activists in the North raise funds 237 00:12:00,870 --> 00:12:04,330 派遣超过1000名自由州派前往堪萨斯 - to send over 1,000 free staters to Kansas 238 00:12:04,330 --> 00:12:09,290 定居这些土地，包括约翰·布朗的五个儿子 - to settle the lands, including five of John Brown's sons. 239 00:12:10,540 --> 00:12:13,330 与此同时，数百名亲奴隶制定居者 - At the same time, hundreds of pro-slavery settlers 240 00:12:13,330 --> 00:12:15,580 从密苏里涌入 - rush in from Missouri. 241 00:12:15,580 --> 00:12:17,160 - 密苏里是一个蓄奴州 - Missouri is a slave state, 242 00:12:17,160 --> 00:12:21,540 亲奴隶制势力，即所谓的边境暴徒 - and the pro-slavery forces, the so-called border ruffians 243 00:12:21,540 --> 00:12:24,250 可以直接冲过边境 - can just rush right over the border. 244 00:12:24,250 --> 00:12:28,040 - 边境暴徒是新闻界使用的术语 - Border ruffians was the term that was used in the press 245 00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:32,120 用来描述那些武装、暴力 - to describe the armed, violent, 246 00:12:32,120 --> 00:12:35,700 经常醉酒的密苏里人，他们骑马进入堪萨斯 - often drunken Missourians who rode into Kansas 247 00:12:35,700 --> 00:12:39,790 恐吓自由州定居者 - and intimidated the free state settlers. 248 00:12:39,790 --> 00:12:41,790 - 南方人真的相信 - Southerners really believe that 249 00:12:41,790 --> 00:12:44,660 如果他们输掉这场战斗，奴隶制就会终结 - if they lose this battle, slavery will end. 250 00:12:44,660 --> 00:12:46,450 北方人也明白这一点 - Northerners understood this too, 251 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:51,080 如果他们能在堪萨斯阻止奴隶制 - that if they could stop slavery in Kansas, 252 00:12:51,080 --> 00:12:53,700 他们或许就能阻止奴隶制的蔓延 - that they could probably stop the spread of slavery. 253 00:12:53,700 --> 00:12:56,370 所以双方都充满了极高程度的 - So both sides are filled with an enormous level 254 00:12:56,370 --> 00:12:59,750 正义感和道德热情 - of righteousness and moral fervor over this. 255 00:12:59,750 --> 00:13:01,700 - 但西部是巨大的奖赏 - But the West is the great prize. 256 00:13:01,700 --> 00:13:05,330 有北方，有南方，他们都想要西部 - There's the North, there's the South, they both want the West. 257 00:13:09,540 --> 00:13:12,410 随着堪萨斯关键选举的临近 - With critical elections looming in Kansas, 258 00:13:12,410 --> 00:13:15,370 来自密苏里的边境暴徒决心 - border ruffians from Missouri are determined 259 00:13:15,370 --> 00:13:19,290 不择手段地击败自由州多数派 - to beat the free state majority by any means necessary. 260 00:13:20,910 --> 00:13:24,370 - 边境暴徒恐吓选举官员 - Border ruffians intimidate election officials, 261 00:13:24,370 --> 00:13:26,040 在投票箱中做手脚 - stuff ballot boxes. 262 00:13:28,250 --> 00:13:31,540 - 瞧，结果显示他们成功了 - And lo and behold, the results show their success. 263 00:13:31,540 --> 00:13:33,620 这是一个压倒性亲奴隶制的 - It's an overwhelmingly pro-slavery 264 00:13:33,620 --> 00:13:36,660 领地立法机构 - territorial legislature. 265 00:13:36,660 --> 00:13:39,200 - 他们制定了一部宪法，即莱康普顿宪法 - They drop a constitution, the Lecompton Constitution, 266 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:43,290 其中规定在许多情况下 - which entails death penalties in many cases 267 00:13:43,290 --> 00:13:46,330 对任何反奴隶制活动处以死刑 - for any kind of anti-slavery activity. 268 00:13:47,700 --> 00:13:49,500 - 奴隶制的反对者被激怒了 - Opponents of slavery are outraged, 269 00:13:49,500 --> 00:13:52,830 所以他们实际上组织了自己的领地选举 - and so they actually organize their own territorial election 270 00:13:52,830 --> 00:13:55,410 在堪萨斯的劳伦斯选举了一个敌对政府 - and elect a rival government in Lawrence, Kansas 271 00:13:55,410 --> 00:13:58,330 由反奴隶制的领地立法者组成 - filled with anti-slavery territorial legislators. 272 00:13:59,750 --> 00:14:03,080 现在，堪萨斯有两个敌对的立法机构 - Now, there are two rival legislatures in Kansas 273 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:05,370 而且谁也不让步 - and neither one is backing down. 274 00:14:14,200 --> 00:14:16,910 - 小约翰·布朗给他的父亲写了一封信 - John Brown, Jr. writes a letter to his father. 275 00:14:16,910 --> 00:14:18,200 基本上信中说 - Basically it says, 276 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:21,370 "我们在武器上被压制，在恐吓上被压制 - "We're outgunned, we're out-intimidated. 277 00:14:21,370 --> 00:14:24,750 我们基本上会被杀死，除非你来 - We're gonna be killed basically, unless you come 278 00:14:24,750 --> 00:14:26,200 给我们带来武器 - and bring us weapons. 279 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:27,500 来加入我们" - Come join us." 280 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:32,370 - 堪萨斯是奴隶制斗争的中心 - Kansas is ground zero of the struggle over slavery, 281 00:14:32,370 --> 00:14:33,750 就像约翰·布朗这样的人而言 - the future of the country as far as 282 00:14:33,750 --> 00:14:35,080 这关系到国家的未来 - people like John Brown are concerned. 283 00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:37,700 堪萨斯的走向就是国家的走向 - How Kansas goes is how the nation goes. 284 00:14:37,700 --> 00:14:39,330 你必须去堪萨斯 - You've gotta go to Kansas 285 00:14:39,330 --> 00:14:41,660 如果你真正投身于这项事业 - if you're really committed to the cause. 286 00:14:44,370 --> 00:14:47,660 约翰·布朗进行了艰难的两个月旅程 - John Brown makes the arduous two-month journey 287 00:14:47,660 --> 00:14:51,870 从东海岸到堪萨斯，行程1300多英里 - over 1,300 miles from the East Coast to Kansas. 288 00:14:53,410 --> 00:14:57,580 途中，他在俄亥俄州停留，装载武器 - Along the way, he stops in Ohio to load up on weapons 289 00:14:57,580 --> 00:14:59,200 并把它们藏在马车里 - and hides them in his wagon. 290 00:15:01,620 --> 00:15:05,000 最终，在1855年10月 - Finally, in October of 1855, 291 00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:07,950 布朗抵达与他的儿子们并肩作战 - Brown arrives to fight alongside his sons. 292 00:15:17,370 --> 00:15:20,200 - 关于堪萨斯的战斗是一场 - The battle over Kansas was a battle 293 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:21,620 远不止关乎堪萨斯的战斗 - over much more than Kansas. 294 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,000 这是一场关乎整个西部的战斗 - It was a battle over the whole West. 295 00:15:32,290 --> 00:15:36,870 - 在堪萨斯发生的事有点像一场小型内战 - What happens in Kansas is kind of a mini civil war, 296 00:15:36,870 --> 00:15:38,660 一场为即将在全国上演的 - a dress rehearsal for what will come 297 00:15:38,660 --> 00:15:39,910 彩排 - across the entire country. 298 00:15:42,330 --> 00:15:44,540 这是一场争夺土地控制权的斗争 - It's a struggle for control of the land. 299 00:15:48,160 --> 00:15:50,870 至此，在堪萨斯的莱康普顿 - By now, there's a pro-slavery capital 300 00:15:50,870 --> 00:15:54,700 有一个亲奴隶制的首府，仅13英里外 - in Lecompton, Kansas, and just 13 miles away, 301 00:15:54,700 --> 00:15:59,000 在劳伦斯有一个敌对的反奴隶制立法机构 - there's a rival anti-slavery legislature based in Lawrence. 302 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:09,580 但美国总统富兰克林·皮尔斯是北方民主党人 - But the US president, Franklin Pierce, is a northern democrat 303 00:16:09,580 --> 00:16:13,160 也是南方同情者，其政府 - and a southern sympathizer whose administration 304 00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:15,250 坚定支持奴隶制 - is staunchly pro-slavery. 305 00:16:15,250 --> 00:16:17,160 - 亲奴隶制的人赢了 - The pro-slavery people win. 306 00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:19,750 是边境暴徒，密苏里人 - It's the border ruffians, the Missourians, 307 00:16:19,750 --> 00:16:23,120 在《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》后的最初几年 - who dominate the political discussion in the first years 308 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:25,200 主导了政治讨论 - after the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 309 00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:27,500 但反对奴隶制的人知道 - But those against slavery know 310 00:16:27,500 --> 00:16:31,200 他们拥有真正的多数并拒绝放弃 - they have the true majority and refuse to give up. 311 00:16:32,370 --> 00:16:35,700 - 如果任何一方输了，在某种意义上 - If either side loses this, in a sense, 312 00:16:35,700 --> 00:16:37,410 他们就失去了美国的未来 - they lose the future of America, 313 00:16:37,410 --> 00:16:39,500 所以他们要斗争到底 - and so they're gonna fight it out. 314 00:16:41,080 --> 00:16:44,120 - 自由州派和亲奴隶制派 - Free state and pro-slavery partisans 315 00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:47,370 确立了对土地的所有权并开始耕作土地 - established claims to land and began to work land 316 00:16:47,370 --> 00:16:49,870 有时彼此紧邻 - sometimes right next door to one another. 317 00:16:49,870 --> 00:16:51,950 他们争吵 - And they argued. 318 00:16:51,950 --> 00:16:55,330 他们卷入冲突，互相袭击 - They get engaged in clashes, raids on each other, 319 00:16:55,330 --> 00:16:57,160 暗杀，所有那些流血事件 - assassinations, and all of that bloodshed 320 00:16:57,160 --> 00:16:59,120 都被报纸报道 - gets covered in the newspapers. 321 00:17:03,370 --> 00:17:06,040 冲突的消息迅速传播 - News of the conflict spreads quickly 322 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:08,120 多亏了电报 - thanks to the electric telegraph. 323 00:17:09,290 --> 00:17:13,660 到1852年，有23000英里的电报线路 - By 1852, there are 23,000 miles of telegraph lines 324 00:17:13,660 --> 00:17:17,250 从东海岸延伸到密西西比河对岸 - reaching from the East Coast across the Mississippi. 325 00:17:18,660 --> 00:17:20,160 - 这是第一次 - For the first time, 326 00:17:20,160 --> 00:17:21,830 信息传播比人更快 - information moved faster than people. 327 00:17:21,830 --> 00:17:25,370 电报将通信速度提高了 - The telegraph increased the speed of communication 328 00:17:25,370 --> 00:17:29,080 相比驿马快信4400万倍 - 44 million times over the Pony Express. 329 00:17:29,080 --> 00:17:30,540 这改变了一切 - That changes everything. 330 00:17:30,540 --> 00:17:33,660 - 新闻可以瞬间传递 - News can be transmitted instantaneously 331 00:17:33,660 --> 00:17:35,080 到全国各地，只要 - all over the country as long as 332 00:17:35,080 --> 00:17:37,370 电报线架设起来 - telegraph wires are strung up. 333 00:17:37,370 --> 00:17:42,370 - 所以堪萨斯变成了一场斗殴，被美国其他地区 - So Kansas became a brawl that was being watched carefully 334 00:17:43,500 --> 00:17:45,040 密切关注着 - throughout the rest of the United States. 335 00:17:46,660 --> 00:17:50,830 到1856年春天，枪战、殴打 - By the spring of 1856, shootouts, beatings, 336 00:17:50,830 --> 00:17:55,450 和暗杀在堪萨斯已变得司空见惯 - and assassinations have become commonplace in Kansas, 337 00:17:55,450 --> 00:17:58,040 但暴力大多是单方面的 - but the violence is mostly one-sided. 338 00:17:59,830 --> 00:18:03,200 - 堪萨斯绝大多数政治暴力 - The vast majority of that political violence in Kansas 339 00:18:03,200 --> 00:18:06,410 是由亲奴隶制活动家实施的 - is being carried out by pro-slavery activists. 340 00:18:09,950 --> 00:18:13,540 - 为了保护堪萨斯的反奴隶制人口 - In an effort to protect the anti-slavery population 341 00:18:13,540 --> 00:18:18,540 布朗和他的儿子们组建了一支小型民兵 - in Kansas, Brown and his sons put together a small militia. 342 00:18:20,700 --> 00:18:24,330 与此同时，边境暴徒准备入侵 - Meanwhile, the border ruffians prepare an invasion. 343 00:18:30,040 --> 00:18:32,870 - 劳伦斯，它成为了 - Lawrence, it becomes the beacon 344 00:18:32,870 --> 00:18:35,370 反奴隶制者的灯塔 - for those who are anti-slavery 345 00:18:35,370 --> 00:18:39,250 也成为了亲奴隶制者的诅咒 - and it also becomes anathema for those who are pro-slavery. 346 00:18:39,250 --> 00:18:41,660 所以边境暴徒觉得 - And so the border ruffians feel like 347 00:18:41,660 --> 00:18:42,700 他们必须摧毁它 - they have to destroy it. 348 00:18:44,290 --> 00:18:49,080 1856年5月21日，来自密苏里的边境暴徒 - On May 21st, 1856, border ruffians from Missouri 349 00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:53,200 越过边界进入堪萨斯并袭击该镇 - cross over into Kansas and attack the town. 350 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:56,080 - 当然，这不仅在堪萨斯 - And of course, it causes outrage not only in Kansas 351 00:18:56,080 --> 00:18:58,750 在反奴隶制势力中引起愤怒，而且在全国 - among anti-slavery forces but anti-slavery folks 352 00:18:58,750 --> 00:19:00,500 的反奴隶制者中也引起愤怒 - all across the country. 353 00:19:01,870 --> 00:19:04,540 洗劫劳伦斯成为一个爆发点 - The sacking of Lawrence becomes a flashpoint 354 00:19:04,540 --> 00:19:07,040 在围绕奴隶制的激烈辩论中 - in the heated debate around slavery 355 00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:09,620 以及西部各州应如何加入联邦 - and how western states should enter the Union. 356 00:19:12,410 --> 00:19:15,910 对于像约翰·布朗这样的人来说，似乎堪萨斯 - For men like John Brown, it seems like Kansas 357 00:19:15,910 --> 00:19:18,660 正在落入亲奴隶制势力手中 - is falling to pro-slavery forces. 358 00:19:18,660 --> 00:19:22,540 - 布朗说现在必须采取行动 - Brown says something has to be done now. 359 00:19:22,540 --> 00:19:26,160 他们必须明白他们不能继续 - They have to understand that they cannot continue 360 00:19:26,160 --> 00:19:27,660 这样逍遥法外 - to do this with impunity. 361 00:19:29,750 --> 00:19:32,370 - 约翰·布朗决定机不可失 - John Brown decides that now or never, 362 00:19:32,370 --> 00:19:34,540 你必须反击，用我们时代的 - you've got to strike back, and to use the term 363 00:19:34,540 --> 00:19:37,160 术语来说，必须是震慑行动 - from our own time, it has to be shock and awe. 364 00:19:54,950 --> 00:19:59,410 1856年夏天，对堪萨斯劳伦斯 - In the summer of 1856, news of the violent attack 365 00:19:59,410 --> 00:20:01,370 反奴隶制总部的暴力袭击 - on the anti-slavery headquarters 366 00:20:01,370 --> 00:20:05,580 消息传遍了美国 - of Lawrence, Kansas spreads across America. 367 00:20:05,580 --> 00:20:08,700 废奴主义者担心他们正在输掉 - Abolitionists fear they're losing the battle for the future 368 00:20:08,700 --> 00:20:13,540 为国家未来而战的斗争，而亲奴隶制活动家则更加大胆 - of the country while pro-slavery activists grow even bolder. 369 00:20:14,700 --> 00:20:17,410 几周后，在美国参议院大厅 - Weeks later, an act of savagery in the halls 370 00:20:17,410 --> 00:20:21,330 发生的一场暴行将国家推向沸点 - of the US Senate brings the nation to a boiling point. 371 00:20:21,660 --> 00:20:23,950 - 查尔斯·萨姆纳，马萨诸塞州参议员 - Charles Sumner, senator from Massachusetts, 372 00:20:23,950 --> 00:20:25,910 发表了长达五小时的 - has given a five-hour 373 00:20:25,910 --> 00:20:28,370 演讲谴责南方 - speech condemning the South 374 00:20:28,370 --> 00:20:31,410 在堪萨斯推广奴隶制 - for its promotion of slavery in Kansas. 375 00:20:35,620 --> 00:20:38,160 - 第二天，萨姆纳在参议院会议厅他的办公桌前 - The next day, Sumner is at his desk in the Senate chamber 376 00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:39,700 处理一些文书工作 - working on some paperwork, 377 00:20:39,700 --> 00:20:43,000 普雷斯顿·布鲁克斯，南卡罗来纳州国会议员 - and Preston Brooks, congressman from South Carolina, 378 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:46,200 走到他身后，没有任何警告 - walks up behind him, and without any warning at all, 379 00:20:48,700 --> 00:20:51,870 开始用木手杖野蛮地殴打他 - begins to savagely beat him with a wooden cane. 380 00:20:55,040 --> 00:20:56,750 - 萨姆纳几乎丧命 - Sumner is nearly killed. 381 00:20:56,750 --> 00:20:58,290 他浑身是血 - He's covered with blood. 382 00:20:58,290 --> 00:21:00,330 他脑震荡，昏过去了 - He's concussed, he's passed out. 383 00:21:01,370 --> 00:21:04,370 但这是最令人不寒而栗的部分 - But here's the part that just chills your blood. 384 00:21:05,870 --> 00:21:10,910 这使得普雷斯顿·布鲁克斯在南方成为英雄 - This made Preston Brooks a hero in the South 385 00:21:12,540 --> 00:21:15,330 手杖的碎片被切割制成戒指 - and pieces of the cane were cut up and made into rings. 386 00:21:15,330 --> 00:21:18,250 这些戒指被南方人当作项链佩戴 - These rings were worn as necklaces by Southerners. 387 00:21:19,450 --> 00:21:21,580 - 萨姆纳被殴打成为催化剂 - The beating of Sumner becomes a catalyst 388 00:21:21,580 --> 00:21:24,040 动员了北方的公众舆论 - for mobilizing public opinion in the North, 389 00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:27,370 但普雷斯顿·布鲁克斯在南方成了英雄 - but Preston Brooks has become a hero in the South. 390 00:21:27,370 --> 00:21:30,370 同一事件可以被 - The idea that the same event could be seen 391 00:21:30,370 --> 00:21:32,660 以两种不同方式看待，这表明双方 - in two different ways, it shows that the two sides 392 00:21:32,660 --> 00:21:35,040 甚至不再说同一种语言 - are no longer even speaking the same language, 393 00:21:35,040 --> 00:21:38,620 更加煽动了堪萨斯的火焰 - fanning the flames of the fire even more in Kansas. 394 00:21:38,620 --> 00:21:41,660 - 这核心触及美国价值观的核心 - The core of this strikes at the heart of American values. 395 00:21:41,660 --> 00:21:43,540 我们希望国家走向何方？ - Where do we want to be as a nation? 396 00:21:43,540 --> 00:21:45,700 在"流血的堪萨斯"时期的问题 - The question at the time of Bleeding Kansas 397 00:21:45,700 --> 00:21:49,540 正在美国公民间的流血冲突中解决 - is being settled in bloodshed between American citizens. 398 00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:54,160 在劳伦斯被洗劫和参议院 - After the sacking of Lawrence and the assault 399 00:21:54,160 --> 00:21:56,750 袭击事件之后，约翰·布朗决定 - in the Senate, John Brown decides 400 00:21:56,750 --> 00:21:59,120 不可能有和平解决方案 - there can be no peaceful resolution 401 00:21:59,120 --> 00:22:02,540 来解决堪萨斯的奴隶制问题 - to the question of slavery in Kansas. 402 00:22:02,540 --> 00:22:05,120 - 他召集他的儿子们，其他几个人 - He gets his sons together, several other people, 403 00:22:05,120 --> 00:22:09,000 他们决定对附近社区波塔瓦托米溪的 - and they decide to stage a raid against pro-slavery settlers 404 00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:11,910 亲奴隶制定居者发动袭击 - in a nearby community, Pottawatomie Creek. 405 00:22:11,910 --> 00:22:13,540 - 但归根结底，他们来 - But at the end of the day, they're coming up 406 00:22:13,540 --> 00:22:17,370 是为了让堪萨斯成为蓄奴州 - to make Kansas a slave state, 407 00:22:17,370 --> 00:22:19,330 而布朗绝不接受 - and Brown's not having any of it. 408 00:22:20,370 --> 00:22:23,540 1856年5月24日夜晚 - On the night of May 24th, 1856, 409 00:22:23,540 --> 00:22:25,540 约翰·布朗和他的手下潜入 - John Brown and his men sneak into 410 00:22:25,540 --> 00:22:27,750 波塔瓦托米定居点 - the settlement of Pottawatomie. 411 00:22:35,120 --> 00:22:36,580 - 他们在半夜 - They go in the middle of the night 412 00:22:36,580 --> 00:22:40,290 前往几个亲奴隶制同情者的家 - to the home of several pro-slavery sympathizers 413 00:22:40,290 --> 00:22:42,830 他们在波塔瓦托米溪定居 - who are homesteading on the Pottawatomie Creek. 414 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:45,620 - 他们真正要找的人 - The person they're really looking for 415 00:22:45,620 --> 00:22:46,870 是一个名叫荷兰人亨利的家伙 - is a guy named Dutch Henry. 416 00:22:46,870 --> 00:22:49,540 他是亲奴隶制一方的重要人物 - He is a major player on the pro-slavery side. 417 00:22:49,540 --> 00:22:51,700 那是他们心中的真正目标 - That's the real target that they have in mind. 418 00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:55,200 他们接近的第一个小屋 - The first cabin they approach 419 00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:57,950 属于一个名叫詹姆斯·多伊尔的人 - is owned by a man named James Doyle, 420 00:22:57,950 --> 00:23:01,370 他是当地亲奴隶制政党的成员 - a member of the local pro-slavery political party. 421 00:23:06,120 --> 00:23:07,500 - 当多伊尔开门时 - When Doyle opens the door, 422 00:23:07,500 --> 00:23:10,200 约翰·布朗和他的几个追随者冲了进去 - John Brown and several of his followers burst in, 423 00:23:12,700 --> 00:23:14,910 抓住多伊尔和他的两个十几岁的儿子 - grab Doyle and his two teenage sons. 424 00:23:17,620 --> 00:23:20,040 - 他们把他们拖出房子 - They dragged them out of the house. 425 00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:24,790 - 在他们父亲的命令下 - On the command of their father, 426 00:23:28,200 --> 00:23:32,040 约翰·布朗的儿子们用阔剑将这些男子砍死 - John Brown's sons hack these men to death with broadswords. 427 00:23:40,790 --> 00:23:43,910 布朗继续挨家挨户 - Brown continues to go house to house 428 00:23:43,910 --> 00:23:48,040 寻找荷兰人亨利，当晚在波塔瓦托米定居点 - looking for Dutch Henry, killing a total of five people 429 00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:51,000 总共杀了五人 - in the settlement of Pottawatomie that night. 430 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,500 他从未找到他的目标，但这没关系 - He never finds his target, but it doesn't matter. 431 00:23:54,500 --> 00:23:56,700 约翰·布朗的目的已经达到 - John Brown's point has been made. 432 00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:02,000 - 这一行为常被描述为愤怒所致 - This is an act that is often represented as enraged. 433 00:24:02,290 --> 00:24:05,870 不是，这是战略性的 - It's not, it's strategic. 434 00:24:08,830 --> 00:24:11,040 - 约翰·布朗，他是在传递一个政治信息 - John Brown, he was sending a political message 435 00:24:11,040 --> 00:24:13,540 给其他潜在的亲奴隶制定居者 - to other potentially pro-slavery settlers. 436 00:24:13,540 --> 00:24:16,120 你们来堪萨斯，这可能发生在你们身上 - You come to Kansas, this could happen to you. 437 00:24:18,790 --> 00:24:21,700 布朗似乎消失在夜色中 - Brown seems to disappear into the night, 438 00:24:21,700 --> 00:24:24,370 但波塔瓦托米大屠杀登上头条 - but the Pottawatomie massacre makes headlines 439 00:24:24,370 --> 00:24:28,580 传遍全国，令南方不寒而栗 - across the country, sending a chill throughout the South. 440 00:24:31,040 --> 00:24:33,410 - 人们不确定波塔瓦托米大屠杀的 - People don't know for sure who the perpetrator 441 00:24:33,410 --> 00:24:35,120 肇事者是谁 - of the Pottawatomie massacres were, 442 00:24:35,120 --> 00:24:36,660 但他们有很好的想法 - but they have a pretty good idea 443 00:24:36,660 --> 00:24:38,580 是约翰·布朗一伙人 - that it was John Brown and company. 444 00:24:40,660 --> 00:24:43,790 所以领地总督悬赏500美元 - And so the territorial governor puts out a $500 reward 445 00:24:43,790 --> 00:24:45,950 捉拿约翰·布朗，生死不论 - on John Brown, dead or alive. 446 00:24:45,950 --> 00:24:49,330 - 约翰·布朗成了通缉犯，但无处可寻 - John Brown is a wanted man, but he can be found nowhere. 447 00:24:49,330 --> 00:24:52,750 他消失在荒野中，逃避了抓捕 - He has disappeared into the wilderness and eludes capture. 448 00:24:54,540 --> 00:24:57,250 但布朗的两个儿子没那么幸运 - But two of Brown's sons aren't as lucky. 449 00:24:57,250 --> 00:25:00,290 虽然他们没有直接参与大屠杀 - Though they weren't directly involved in the massacre, 450 00:25:00,290 --> 00:25:05,160 杰森和小约翰被边境暴徒俘虏 - Jason and John Jr. are captured by border ruffians. 451 00:25:05,160 --> 00:25:07,790 - 他们对这两人施加野蛮殴打 - They visit a savage beating upon these two men 452 00:25:07,790 --> 00:25:10,370 然后强迫他们一路步行 - and then force them to walk all the way 453 00:25:10,370 --> 00:25:13,700 前往堪萨斯莱康普顿的亲奴隶制据点 - to the pro-slavery stronghold of Lecompton, Kansas. 454 00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:16,410 在布朗的儿子们被扣为人质期间 - While Brown's sons are held hostage, 455 00:25:16,410 --> 00:25:18,700 参与抓捕的其中一人 - one of the men involved in the capture 456 00:25:18,700 --> 00:25:20,790 去追捕约翰·布朗本人 - goes after John Brown himself. 457 00:25:22,540 --> 00:25:23,790 - 亨利·克莱·佩特来自 - Henry Clay Pate comes from 458 00:25:23,790 --> 00:25:25,500 弗吉尼亚一个蓄奴家庭 - a Virginia slave-holding family. 459 00:25:25,500 --> 00:25:27,700 他最终前往密苏里 - He ends up making his way to Missouri 460 00:25:27,700 --> 00:25:30,870 在那里创办了一份亲奴隶制报纸 - where he starts a pro-slavery newspaper 461 00:25:30,870 --> 00:25:34,790 最终成为著名的亲奴隶制民兵领袖 - and ends up becoming a prominent pro-slavery militia leader. 462 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:39,500 - 佩特召集了一群治安队员追捕约翰·布朗 - Pate gathers a group of vigilantes to hunt John Brown. 463 00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:41,580 沿途，他烧毁了 - Along the way, he does some burning 464 00:25:41,580 --> 00:25:43,580 一些自由州定居点 - of some free state settlements. 465 00:25:43,580 --> 00:25:48,290 布朗在1856年6月1日得知 - And Brown learns on June 1st of 1856 466 00:25:48,290 --> 00:25:52,950 佩特和他的60名手下驻扎在黑杰克溪附近 - that Pate and his 60 men are camped near Blackjack Creek 467 00:25:52,950 --> 00:25:54,700 他们在寻找约翰·布朗 - that they're looking for John Brown. 468 00:25:54,700 --> 00:25:58,000 顺便说一句，佩特曾是 - And by the way, that Pate had been among 469 00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:01,330 俘虏小约翰和杰森的 - the pro-slavery militias who had captured 470 00:26:01,330 --> 00:26:02,950 亲奴隶制民兵之一 - John Jr. and Jason. 471 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,450 约翰·布朗尽可能多地召集追随者 - John Brown gathers as many followers as he can, 472 00:26:08,450 --> 00:26:11,080 集结了26人 - amassing a group of 26 men. 473 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,580 他的人数以超过二比一落后 - He's outnumbered more than two to one, 474 00:26:14,580 --> 00:26:17,160 但他相信上帝站在他这边 - but he believes that God is on his side 475 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:21,450 并计划将佩特和他的手下赶出堪萨斯 - and plans to drive Pate and his men out of Kansas. 476 00:26:21,450 --> 00:26:22,750 - 他相信，他的儿子们相信 - He believes, his sons believe, 477 00:26:22,750 --> 00:26:24,540 所有反奴隶制的人都相信 - all the anti-slavery folks believe 478 00:26:24,540 --> 00:26:25,910 这不仅仅是堪萨斯的命运 - that it's not just the fate of Kansas, 479 00:26:25,910 --> 00:26:28,290 而是国家宏观层面的命运 - it's the macro level fate of the nation 480 00:26:28,290 --> 00:26:30,830 将由这片新领地决定 - that's gonna be determined by this new territory. 481 00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:36,120 布朗和他的部队悄悄接近佩特 - Brown and his force sneak up on Pate 482 00:26:36,120 --> 00:26:38,250 并对营地发动全面攻击 - and launch a full-on attack on the encampment. 483 00:26:39,370 --> 00:26:41,120 对决即将开始 - The showdown is about to begin. 484 00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:51,120 1856年6月 - June 1856. 485 00:26:51,910 --> 00:26:53,830 此时距离 - It's now been two years since 486 00:26:53,830 --> 00:26:56,620 《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》通过已过去两年 - the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed. 487 00:26:58,080 --> 00:27:02,040 堪萨斯仍未建州，发现自己处于 - Kansas, still not a state, finds itself at the center 488 00:27:02,040 --> 00:27:06,000 为美国未来而日益激烈的暴力斗争中心 - of an increasingly violent fight for the future of America. 489 00:27:07,750 --> 00:27:09,950 - "流血的堪萨斯"清楚地表明国家 - Bleeding Kansas makes it clear that the nation 490 00:27:09,950 --> 00:27:13,500 必须就其意图成为什么样的国家做出决定 - has to make a decision about what it intends to be. 491 00:27:13,500 --> 00:27:16,040 它将是一个蓄奴共和国吗？ - Is it gonna be a slave-holding republic? 492 00:27:16,040 --> 00:27:17,870 它将是一个自由人的国家吗？ - Is it gonna be a nation of freemen? 493 00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:23,870 - 随着美国西进，大陆结构中 - As America is moving west, there's almost a seam 494 00:27:23,870 --> 00:27:26,830 几乎裂开了一道缝隙 - that literally opens up in the fabric of the continent 495 00:27:26,830 --> 00:27:29,040 因为这是自由州和蓄奴州 - because it's the free states and the slave states, 496 00:27:29,040 --> 00:27:31,790 这种分裂不断向西推进 - and that divide just keeps pushing west 497 00:27:31,790 --> 00:27:35,790 不断向西推进直到遭遇血腥冲突 - and pushing west until it runs into bloody conflict. 498 00:27:54,700 --> 00:27:56,910 1856年6月2日 - On June 2nd, 1856, 499 00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:01,620 约翰·布朗带领手下前往黑杰克溪 - John Brown leads his men to Blackjack Creek. 500 00:28:01,620 --> 00:28:03,870 他即将正面交锋 - He's about to go head-to-head 501 00:28:03,870 --> 00:28:07,950 亲奴隶制领袖亨利·克莱·佩特及其60名手下 - with pro-slavery leader Henry Clay Pate and 60 men. 502 00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:24,370 - 约翰·布朗没有直接的军事经验 - So John Brown has no direct military experience, 503 00:28:24,370 --> 00:28:27,830 但他决心不惜一切代价进行这场战斗 - but he's determined to fight this by any means necessary. 504 00:28:35,830 --> 00:28:39,250 - 当约翰·布朗的部队在黑杰克接近佩特时 - As John Brown's force approaches Pate at Blackjack, 505 00:28:39,250 --> 00:28:42,120 他作为策略分兵 - he divides his force as a strategy. 506 00:28:56,700 --> 00:28:59,080 来自两个方向的枪声 - The combined effect of having gunfire 507 00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:01,620 combined effect 欺骗了佩特 - coming from two directions fools Pate 508 00:29:03,830 --> 00:29:05,620 让他以为对方人数远胜于己 - into thinking that he's greatly outnumbered, 509 00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:09,500 而实际上并非如此 - which in fact they're not. 510 00:29:18,660 --> 00:29:21,410 于是他举起了投降旗 - And he puts up a flag of surrender. 511 00:29:21,410 --> 00:29:24,370 - 结果，布朗和他的手下俘虏了 - As a result, Brown and his men take captive 512 00:29:24,370 --> 00:29:29,500 26名密苏里人，并扣押了他们数天 - 26 Missourians whom they hold for several days 513 00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:33,410 开始尝试通过谈判进行俘虏交换 - and begin to try to negotiate with for a captive exchange 514 00:29:33,410 --> 00:29:35,910 以换取布朗儿子的自由 - for the freedom of Brown's sons. 515 00:29:40,370 --> 00:29:43,160 - 堪萨斯的大部分战斗是伏击 - Most of the fighting in Kansas has been ambushes, 516 00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:46,910 报复，反报复，你知道，小规模冲突 - reprisal, counter reprisal, you know, small group conflict. 517 00:29:46,910 --> 00:29:49,200 黑杰克战役的重要性在于 - What's important about the Battle of Blackjack is that 518 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,370 这实质上是两支小军队 - this is essentially two small armies squaring off 519 00:29:52,370 --> 00:29:54,790 以相当标准的军事方式对峙 - in fairly standard military fashion. 520 00:29:56,080 --> 00:29:57,540 当战役的消息 - When news of the battle 521 00:29:57,540 --> 00:29:59,200 传遍全国时 - spreads throughout the nation, 522 00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:01,870 它使国家更加两极分化 - it polarizes the country even more. 523 00:30:05,200 --> 00:30:09,290 一些人认为这是一场更大冲突的前兆 - Some believe that it's a precursor to a larger conflict, 524 00:30:09,290 --> 00:30:12,410 一场北方和南方之间的全面战争 - an all-out war between the North and the South. 525 00:30:13,410 --> 00:30:16,290 - 西部面临的问题之一是 - One of the things that is an issue in the West, 526 00:30:16,290 --> 00:30:21,290 是否真的存在一个名副其实的美利坚联盟 - is there any such thing really as an American Union 527 00:30:22,700 --> 00:30:25,910 还是说多样性和某种程度的两极分化 - in more than name or is the diversity 528 00:30:25,910 --> 00:30:27,660 将压倒 - and sort of polarization, 529 00:30:27,660 --> 00:30:30,950 任何统一感 - something that's gonna outweigh any sense of unity. 530 00:30:32,410 --> 00:30:34,500 随着关于西部未来的辩论 - As debate over the future of the West 531 00:30:34,500 --> 00:30:38,330 变得更加激烈，布朗的恐怖行动 - grows even more heated, Brown's campaign of terror 532 00:30:38,330 --> 00:30:42,330 开始在华盛顿看到成效 - was starting to see results in Washington. 533 00:30:42,330 --> 00:30:44,500 - 皮尔斯总统因堪萨斯的暴力事件 - President Pierce has become widely unpopular 534 00:30:44,500 --> 00:30:46,540 而变得非常不受欢迎 - due to the violence in Kansas. 535 00:30:46,540 --> 00:30:49,950 更重要的是，1856年是选举年 - More importantly, 1856 is an election year. 536 00:30:49,950 --> 00:30:53,620 - 富兰克林·皮尔斯说我们需要派遣联邦军队 - Franklin Pierce says we need to send federal troops in 537 00:30:53,620 --> 00:30:55,540 解除所有人的武装并表明 - and disarm everybody and show that 538 00:30:55,540 --> 00:30:57,750 我们是联邦政府并且我们是中立的 - we are the federal government and we're neutral, 539 00:30:57,750 --> 00:30:59,370 这是他们以前从未做过的事情 - something they'd never done before. 540 00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:03,660 这对堪萨斯来说是一个转折点 - It's a turning point for Kansas. 541 00:31:03,660 --> 00:31:06,750 美国政府不再盲目支持 - The US government is no longer blindly supporting 542 00:31:06,750 --> 00:31:08,870 亲奴隶制一方 - the pro-slavery side. 543 00:31:08,870 --> 00:31:10,870 现在他们是中立的 - Now they're neutral. 544 00:31:11,790 --> 00:31:15,200 - 这场战斗结果巩固了 - This battle turns out to cement 545 00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:17,410 恐怖平衡，并且真正成为 - the balance of terror and really be 546 00:31:17,410 --> 00:31:20,290 有利于堪萨斯自由州公民的 - the tipping point to the advantage 547 00:31:20,290 --> 00:31:23,250 转折点 - of the free state citizens of Kansas. 548 00:31:25,370 --> 00:31:27,200 布朗取得了决定性的 - Brown has achieved a decisive 549 00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:30,040 反奴隶制胜利在堪萨斯 - anti-slavery victory in Kansas. 550 00:31:30,040 --> 00:31:33,000 他的儿子们最终被释放 - His sons are eventually released from custody. 551 00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:37,540 但尽管成功，布朗不会停止 - But despite his success, Brown won't stop. 552 00:31:39,500 --> 00:31:42,200 - 我们到了必须面对事实的时刻 - We get to that point where we have to come to reckon 553 00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:45,450 即世界上存在一些如此巨大的邪恶 - with the fact that there are some evils in the world 554 00:31:45,450 --> 00:31:48,200 以至于无论我们个人感受如何 - that are so very great, that regardless 555 00:31:48,200 --> 00:31:51,290 我们都必须诉诸战争 - of our own personal feelings, we have to go to war. 556 00:31:58,410 --> 00:32:01,910 当关于奴隶制的辩论使国家陷入纷争时 - As debate over slavery embroils the country, 557 00:32:01,910 --> 00:32:04,580 美国人口持续增长 - the US population continues to grow. 558 00:32:06,370 --> 00:32:10,200 整个1850年代，四百万新移民 - Throughout the 1850s, four million new immigrants 559 00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:14,290 涌入美国，其中许多人将前往西部 - flood into the nation, many of whom will head west. 560 00:32:15,540 --> 00:32:19,580 如此快速的扩张带来了新的紧张局势 - Such rapid expansion brings with it new tensions, 561 00:32:19,580 --> 00:32:21,410 尤其是在堪萨斯 - especially in Kansas. 562 00:32:22,660 --> 00:32:26,700 - 堪萨斯成为美国第一个 - Kansas becomes the first area in the United States 563 00:32:26,700 --> 00:32:31,040 亲奴隶制者和反奴隶制者 - where pro-slavery people and anti-slavery people 564 00:32:31,040 --> 00:32:33,750 literally 占据同一片土地的地区 - are occupying literally the same ground. 565 00:32:36,160 --> 00:32:39,160 约翰·布朗阻止奴隶制的决心 - John Brown's determination to stop slavery 566 00:32:39,160 --> 00:32:41,450 进一步加剧了这场冲突 - further inflames this conflict. 567 00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:46,370 他的事迹已成为全国新闻 - His exploits have become national news. 568 00:32:46,370 --> 00:32:48,370 - 在1856年中的这个时候 - At this point in the middle of 1856, 569 00:32:48,370 --> 00:32:49,870 约翰·布朗已经参与了 - John Brown has been involved 570 00:32:49,870 --> 00:32:51,290 几起这些轰动性事件 - in several of these sensational incidents, 571 00:32:51,290 --> 00:32:54,250 他的名字在堪萨斯家喻户晓 - and his name has become a household name in Kansas 572 00:32:54,250 --> 00:32:56,080 并在许多方面传遍全国 - and in many ways across the country. 573 00:32:58,200 --> 00:33:01,040 - 我认为他在南方可能比在北方 - I think he probably becomes even more famous in the South 574 00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:02,370 更加出名 - than he does in the North. 575 00:33:02,370 --> 00:33:05,200 他们相信几乎每个废奴主义者 - They believe that almost every abolitionist 576 00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:07,410 都是初露头角的约翰·布朗 - was a budding John Brown. 577 00:33:07,410 --> 00:33:09,000 - 他成为这种超乎寻常的 - He becomes this sort of larger-than-life 578 00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:11,330 威胁性人物，仅仅提到他的名字 - threatening figure, tremendous fear 579 00:33:11,330 --> 00:33:13,540 就引起巨大恐惧 - at the mere mention of his name. 580 00:33:13,540 --> 00:33:16,700 谣言四起说约翰·布朗和他的袭击者就在附近 - The rumors fly that John Brown and his raiders are nearby 581 00:33:16,700 --> 00:33:18,660 人们相信这一点是因为他们读到和听到的 - and people believe it because of the exploits 582 00:33:18,660 --> 00:33:21,200 关于他的事迹 - that they've been reading about and hearing about. 583 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:23,660 - 他也吸引了记者 - And he captivated journalists. 584 00:33:23,660 --> 00:33:25,660 记者们跟随他 - Journalists followed him around 585 00:33:25,660 --> 00:33:27,450 他们也发现自己被卷入其中 - and they found themselves swept up in this as well, 586 00:33:27,450 --> 00:33:30,000 他是一个非常杰出的人物 - he's a most remarkable individual. 587 00:33:31,910 --> 00:33:34,370 在1856年夏天 - During the summer of 1856, 588 00:33:34,370 --> 00:33:37,500 约翰·布朗继续集结支持 - John Brown continues to gather support 589 00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:40,700 并对亲奴隶制定居点发动袭击 - and stages raids on pro-slavery settlements, 590 00:33:40,700 --> 00:33:45,000 不一定是杀人，而是恐吓他们 - not necessarily to kill people, but to terrorize them. 591 00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:48,000 - 在这些袭击中，只要可能 - Whenever possible during one of these raids, 592 00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:49,540 约翰·布朗实际上会停下来 - John Brown would actually stop 593 00:33:49,540 --> 00:33:52,540 对他正在攻击的亲奴隶制者进行说教 - and lecture the pro-slavery folks that he was attacking 594 00:33:52,540 --> 00:33:54,790 给他们上一堂关于奴隶制罪恶的课 - and give them a lecture on the evils of slavery 595 00:33:54,790 --> 00:33:57,040 以及他们需要转变 - and the need for them to convert 596 00:33:57,040 --> 00:33:59,200 认识到自己方式的错误 - and to see the waywardness of their ways 597 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:02,410 并成为自由土壤的倡导者 - and to become advocates of free soil. 598 00:34:04,950 --> 00:34:07,120 堪萨斯的政治暴力 - The political violence in Kansas 599 00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:10,620 最终对皮尔斯政府造成了影响 - takes its final toll on the Pierce administration. 600 00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:14,580 - 皮尔斯的声誉因"流血的堪萨斯" - Pierce's reputation is so badly tarnished 601 00:34:14,580 --> 00:34:19,200 而严重受损，以至于在1856年，他选择不参选 - by Bleeding Kansas that in 1856, he elects not to run, 602 00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:21,200 但支持詹姆斯·布坎南 - but endorses James Buchanan 603 00:34:21,200 --> 00:34:24,700 获得民主党总统提名 - for the Democratic nomination for the presidency. 604 00:34:24,700 --> 00:34:27,250 但为了让布坎南成功当选 - But in order for Buchanan to be successful, 605 00:34:27,250 --> 00:34:30,370 他必须恢复人们对民主党的信心 - he has to restore faith in a Democratic party, 606 00:34:30,370 --> 00:34:33,450 这意味着要恢复堪萨斯的秩序 - and that means restoring order in Kansas. 607 00:34:36,660 --> 00:34:39,120 皮尔斯任命了一位新的领地总督 - Pierce appoints a new territorial governor 608 00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:41,450 前往堪萨斯，约翰·吉尔里 - to Kansas, John Geary. 609 00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:47,290 他计划解散双方的民兵组织 - He plans to disband militias on both sides 610 00:34:47,290 --> 00:34:50,750 并将武装治安团体驱逐出该领地 - and drive out bands of armed vigilantes from the territory. 611 00:34:51,750 --> 00:34:54,370 吉尔里是共和党人 - Geary is a Republican. 612 00:34:54,370 --> 00:34:56,830 - 成千上万的人加入新成立的共和党 - Thousands join the new Republican party, 613 00:34:56,830 --> 00:34:59,750 这些保守派和温和派希望废除 - conservatives and moderates who want to repeal 614 00:34:59,750 --> 00:35:02,290 《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》并阻止奴隶制 - the Kansas-Nebraska Act and prevent slavery 615 00:35:02,290 --> 00:35:04,700 向西部领地扩张 - from extending itself to the western territories. 616 00:35:06,200 --> 00:35:08,450 - 共和党不是废奴主义政党 - The Republican party, it's not an abolitionist party, 617 00:35:08,450 --> 00:35:11,700 但它是一个反奴隶制政党，绝对致力于 - but it's an anti-slavery party that is absolutely committed 618 00:35:11,700 --> 00:35:13,250 阻止奴隶制蔓延到 - to preventing slavery moving 619 00:35:13,250 --> 00:35:15,370 每一寸自由领土上 - into one inch of free territory. 620 00:35:15,370 --> 00:35:18,120 - 辉格党分裂成不同派系 - The Whig Party is split into factions, 621 00:35:18,120 --> 00:35:20,370 亲奴隶制和反奴隶制 - pro-slavery and anti-slavery. 622 00:35:20,370 --> 00:35:23,370 民主党被迫选择身份认同 - The Democratic party is forced to choose an identity 623 00:35:23,370 --> 00:35:25,500 它选择了拥护奴隶制 - and it embraced slavery. 624 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:28,410 当边境暴徒听说 - When the border ruffians hear 625 00:35:28,410 --> 00:35:31,790 有一位新的共和党总督要来堪萨斯 - there's a new Republican governor coming to Kansas, 626 00:35:31,790 --> 00:35:33,540 他们立即采取行动 - they spring into action. 627 00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:38,250 数百名民兵在前墨西哥战争军官 - Several hundred militia men unite under the command 628 00:35:38,250 --> 00:35:41,540 约翰·里德的指挥下联合起来 - of former Mexican War officer, John Reid, 629 00:35:41,540 --> 00:35:44,120 他们盯上了奥萨瓦托米 - and they have their eye on Osawatomie. 630 00:35:45,660 --> 00:35:49,080 这个城镇不仅是废奴主义中心 - Not only is the town an abolitionist hub, 631 00:35:49,080 --> 00:35:51,870 也是约翰·布朗同父异母妹妹的家 - it's home to John Brown's half sister, 632 00:35:51,870 --> 00:35:54,870 他有时用她的小屋作为总部 - and he sometimes uses her cabin as his headquarters. 633 00:36:07,250 --> 00:36:09,040 - 布朗和他的部队得到情报 - Brown and his troops get information 634 00:36:09,040 --> 00:36:11,370 奥萨瓦托米是目标 - that Osawatomie is a target 635 00:36:11,370 --> 00:36:15,250 所以当里德到达时他们已经在那里了 - and so they're there already when Reid arrives. 636 00:36:17,790 --> 00:36:21,620 1856年8月29日夜晚 - On the night of August 29th, 1856, 637 00:36:21,620 --> 00:36:24,450 约翰·布朗和他的部队驻扎在 - John Brown and his forces camp along 638 00:36:24,450 --> 00:36:26,700 奥萨瓦托米的郊外 - the outskirts of the Osawatomie. 639 00:36:28,580 --> 00:36:31,950 但他的一个儿子留在镇上照看马匹 - But one of his sons stays in town to mind the horses. 640 00:36:38,750 --> 00:36:41,330 - 约翰·布朗的儿子弗雷德里克在外出路上 - John Brown's son, Frederick, is out on a road 641 00:36:42,660 --> 00:36:45,700 遇到了里德的一些亲奴隶制部队 - and he encounters some pro-slavery forces of Reid's. 642 00:36:51,790 --> 00:36:54,830 他们开枪射杀了他，把他留在路上等死 - They shoot him and kill him and leave him dead in the road. 643 00:37:08,540 --> 00:37:11,160 当约翰·布朗得知儿子弗雷德里克的死讯 - When John Brown learns of the death of his son Frederick, 644 00:37:11,160 --> 00:37:14,000 他决定进攻的时机已经到来 - he decides the time to attack has arrived. 645 00:37:18,700 --> 00:37:21,500 他在奥萨瓦托米集结部队 - He rallies his forces at Osawatomie 646 00:37:21,500 --> 00:37:23,290 战斗开始了 - and the battle begins. 647 00:37:29,660 --> 00:37:32,830 1856年8月，约翰·W·里德将军 - In August of 1856, General John W. Reid 648 00:37:32,830 --> 00:37:35,700 调动超过300人进攻 - moves to attack the anti-slavery town 649 00:37:35,700 --> 00:37:39,620 堪萨斯州奥萨瓦托米这个反奴隶制城镇 - of Osawatomie, Kansas with over 300 men. 650 00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:42,790 没有什么能阻挡他 - Nothing stands in the way of him 651 00:37:42,790 --> 00:37:46,250 摧毁这座城市，除了约翰·布朗 - destroy the city, except John Brown. 652 00:37:49,410 --> 00:37:51,660 - 布朗在人数上处于绝对劣势 - Brown is vastly outnumbered, 653 00:37:52,540 --> 00:37:54,200 但他以前曾以少胜多 - but he's beaten these odds before 654 00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:55,790 运用这些游击战术 - utilizing these guerilla tactics, 655 00:37:55,790 --> 00:37:58,660 他相信没有理由不能再赢一次 - and he believes there's no reason he can't do it again. 656 00:38:02,450 --> 00:38:03,870 - 约翰·布朗做了一件 - One thing that John Brown does 657 00:38:03,870 --> 00:38:06,200 非常聪明的事，他带领约38名手下 - that's really smart is he takes about 38 of his men 658 00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:08,040 隐蔽在附近的树林线后 - and puts them in the nearby tree line 659 00:38:09,540 --> 00:38:12,540 这样他们既能隐藏又能躲避枪火 - so that they're hidden and also protected from gunfire. 660 00:38:19,160 --> 00:38:21,790 当里德的手下接近他们时 - And as Reid's men approach them, 661 00:38:28,200 --> 00:38:31,200 约翰·布朗发出信号，他们开火了 - John Brown gives the signal, they open fire. 662 00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:32,080 就是现在！ - Now! 663 00:38:35,540 --> 00:38:38,370 - 突袭了里德的手下，击毙了约60人 - Surprise Reid's men, kill about 60 of them. 664 00:38:41,200 --> 00:38:43,450 但里德的部队迅速从 - But Reid's forces quickly recover 665 00:38:43,450 --> 00:38:45,950 最初的突袭中恢复过来 - from the initial surprise attack 666 00:38:48,330 --> 00:38:50,950 并将布朗的民兵逼回树林 - and drive Brown's militia back into the woods. 667 00:38:54,700 --> 00:38:57,910 然后，当布朗和他的手下撤退时 - Then, while Brown and his men are retreating, 668 00:38:57,910 --> 00:38:59,700 里德的手下烧毁了城镇 - Reid's men burn the town. 669 00:39:07,540 --> 00:39:10,580 - 约翰·布朗在战术上输掉了这场战斗 - John Brown ends up technically losing the battle, 670 00:39:10,580 --> 00:39:13,870 但即使失败，这场战斗也提升了他的名声 - but even in loss, the battle builds his fame. 671 00:39:15,290 --> 00:39:18,500 他现在真正成为了堪萨斯反奴隶制 activism - He's now really the face of anti-slavery activism 672 00:39:18,500 --> 00:39:20,870 和军事主义的代表人物 - and militarism in Kansas. 673 00:39:24,620 --> 00:39:26,040 - 因为布朗愿意 - Because Brown was willing 674 00:39:26,040 --> 00:39:29,250 以寡敌众挺身而出 - to stand up against such impossible odds, 675 00:39:29,250 --> 00:39:32,370 他在余生中被称为"奥萨瓦托米·布朗" - he for the rest of his life was known as Osawatomie Brown. 676 00:39:35,700 --> 00:39:37,080 战斗结束仅几周后 - Just weeks after the battle, 677 00:39:37,080 --> 00:39:40,660 新总督抵达并立即解散了 - the new governor arrives and immediately disbands 678 00:39:40,660 --> 00:39:44,500 亲奴隶制和反奴隶制双方的武装力量 - both the pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces. 679 00:39:47,250 --> 00:39:51,540 但尽管他努力，堪萨斯的暴力仍在继续 - But despite his efforts, the violence in Kansas continues, 680 00:39:51,540 --> 00:39:53,540 迫使联邦政府推迟 - pushing the federal government to defer 681 00:39:53,540 --> 00:39:57,160 堪萨斯和内布拉斯加的建州问题 - the question of statehood for Kansas and Nebraska. 682 00:39:59,120 --> 00:40:02,660 暂时，奴隶制的扩张暂停了 - For the moment, the spread of slavery is on pause, 683 00:40:02,660 --> 00:40:06,580 但布朗的斗争现在已超越美国西部 - but Brown's fight now goes beyond the American West. 684 00:40:06,580 --> 00:40:09,450 - 约翰·布朗利用他在堪萨斯的名声 - John Brown, trading on his Kansas fame, 685 00:40:09,450 --> 00:40:11,410 回到东部 - comes back to the East 686 00:40:11,410 --> 00:40:14,580 开始与废奴主义者会面 - and begins to meet with abolitionists 687 00:40:15,870 --> 00:40:18,700 决定现在要执行他 - and decides that he's now going to execute the plan 688 00:40:18,700 --> 00:40:21,370 酝酿了十多年的计划 - that he's been formulating for more than a decade, 689 00:40:21,370 --> 00:40:23,660 将战火引入南方本土 - to bring the war into the South itself. 690 00:40:25,500 --> 00:40:27,870 1859年10月 - In October of 1859, 691 00:40:27,870 --> 00:40:31,040 布朗对弗吉尼亚州哈珀斯费里 - Brown stages a raid on the federal arsenal 692 00:40:31,040 --> 00:40:33,870 的联邦军械库发动袭击 - at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. 693 00:40:33,870 --> 00:40:37,200 他希望引发大规模奴隶起义 - He hopes to trigger a massive slave uprising, 694 00:40:37,200 --> 00:40:39,910 但计划很快出了差错 - but the plan quickly goes awry. 695 00:40:39,910 --> 00:40:43,870 布朗被俘并被判叛国罪、谋杀罪 - Brown is captured and convicted of treason, murder, 696 00:40:43,870 --> 00:40:46,200 以及与奴隶合谋叛乱罪 - and conspiring with slaves to rebel. 697 00:40:47,250 --> 00:40:49,790 当他在12月被处决时 - When he's executed in December, 698 00:40:49,790 --> 00:40:51,950 消息传遍全国 - news travels through the country 699 00:40:51,950 --> 00:40:54,750 布朗的名声被定格为 - and Brown's reputation is crystalized 700 00:40:54,750 --> 00:40:57,080 既是英雄也是恶棍 - as both hero and villain. 701 00:40:59,370 --> 00:41:03,540 - 我认为约翰·布朗是一个宗教狂热分子 - I see John Brown as a religious zealot. 702 00:41:03,540 --> 00:41:07,500 我认为他有一些 - I see him as someone who has beliefs 703 00:41:07,500 --> 00:41:10,540 我憎恶的信念，也有我钦佩的信念 - that I deplore and beliefs that I admire. 704 00:41:12,370 --> 00:41:17,580 - 约翰·布朗是美国历史上不可或缺的人物 - John Brown is a necessary figure in American history. 705 00:41:18,790 --> 00:41:22,870 他与林肯一样不可或缺 - He is as necessary as Lincoln was necessary. 706 00:41:26,870 --> 00:41:28,700 我们不需要他们活着 - We didn't need them to live. 707 00:41:28,700 --> 00:41:30,620 我们需要他们做他们所做的事 - We needed them to do what they did. 708 00:41:35,080 --> 00:41:38,330 - 约翰·布朗死后仅一年多一点 - Just over a year after John Brown's death, 709 00:41:38,330 --> 00:41:39,950 关于奴隶制的激烈辩论 - the fierce debate over slavery 710 00:41:39,950 --> 00:41:42,450 爆发成为美国历史上 - erupts into the bloodiest conflict 711 00:41:42,450 --> 00:41:45,870 最血腥的冲突，内战 - in the nation's history, Civil War. 712 00:41:45,870 --> 00:41:49,500 在那场战斗的白热化阶段，林肯签署了两项法案 - In the heat of that battle, Lincoln signs two acts 713 00:41:49,500 --> 00:41:52,450 他希望这些法案能确保西部保持自由 - he hopes will ensure that the West remains free. 714 00:41:52,450 --> 00:41:56,370 《宅地法》，该法案向定居者提供160英亩土地 - The Homestead Act, which offers 160-acre plots 715 00:41:56,370 --> 00:41:58,700 只需象征性费用 - to settlers for a nominal fee, 716 00:41:58,700 --> 00:42:01,540 以及《铁路法案》，该法案划拨土地 - and the Railroad Act, which assigns land 717 00:42:01,540 --> 00:42:03,620 用于修建横贯大陆铁路 - to the Transcontinental Railroad. 718 00:42:04,620 --> 00:42:07,700 随着联邦的胜利决定了奴隶制的命运 - As the Union victory seals the fate of slavery, 719 00:42:07,700 --> 00:42:11,040 这两项法案将重新点燃西进运动 - these two acts will reignite westward movement. 720 00:42:11,040 --> 00:42:14,330 在接下来的几年里，白人和黑人定居者 - And in the coming years, settlers both white and black 721 00:42:14,330 --> 00:42:16,660 将如潮水般涌向整个大陆 - will flood across the continent. 722 00:42:16,660 --> 00:42:18,870 而一个厌倦战争的国家 - And a nation tired of war 723 00:42:18,870 --> 00:42:22,000 将再次面对一支强大的土著力量 - will again confront a powerful native force, 724 00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:24,910 一支为保卫家园不惜一切代价的力量 - one that will stop at nothing to defend its homeland.