1 00:00:01,830 --> 00:00:05,160 - 西部一直是美国传说中的应许之地， - The West has always been America's fabled promised land, 2 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:07,120 一个普通人梦想着 a place where ordinary people 3 00:00:07,120 --> 00:00:09,160 在自己的土地上 dreamed of carving their destiny 4 00:00:09,160 --> 00:00:11,200 开创自己命运的地方。 on land of their own. 5 00:00:11,200 --> 00:00:13,870 在19世纪上半叶， In the first half of the 19th century, 6 00:00:13,870 --> 00:00:16,040 追寻这一梦想的定居者 settlers seeking that dream 7 00:00:16,040 --> 00:00:18,750 与保护自身生活方式的原住民部落 fueled a violent clash with Native nations 8 00:00:18,750 --> 00:00:20,830 引发了激烈的冲突。 protecting their way of life. 9 00:00:20,830 --> 00:00:26,040 然后在1848年，加利福尼亚提供了一个新的梦想： Then in 1848, California offers up a new kind of dream: 10 00:00:26,040 --> 00:00:29,500 一个无需土地就能致富的机会， The chance to get rich without land, 11 00:00:29,500 --> 00:00:31,000 那就是寻找黄金。 by finding gold. 12 00:00:31,950 --> 00:00:34,580 新的移民从国家和全球的 New migrants flock west from every corner 13 00:00:34,580 --> 00:00:36,500 每一个角落涌向西部， of the country and globe, 14 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:40,370 但在这片无法无天的土地上，每有一个人赚钱， but in this lawless land, for every man making a buck, 15 00:00:40,370 --> 00:00:43,290 就有三个人处心积虑要偷走它。 there are three men bent on stealing it. 16 00:00:43,290 --> 00:00:45,700 这对墨西哥亡命徒华金·穆列塔而言， That's doubly true for Mexican outlaw, 17 00:00:45,700 --> 00:00:47,540 更是如此。 Joaquin Murrieta. 18 00:00:47,540 --> 00:00:51,250 他来到加利福尼亚寻求财富， He came to California seeking a fortune 19 00:00:51,250 --> 00:00:53,330 却发现自己成了个普通罪犯。 and found his calling as a common criminal. 20 00:00:54,290 --> 00:00:57,200 他的生与死铸就了一个传奇， His life and death forged a legend 21 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:00,500 激励了佐罗和姜戈这样的虚构英雄。 inspiring fictional heroes like Zorro and Django. 22 00:01:01,500 --> 00:01:04,790 他的故事始于一点金屑。 His story begins with a fleck of gold. 23 00:01:07,910 --> 00:01:09,410 - 人们靠神话生活， - People live on myths, 24 00:01:10,700 --> 00:01:12,160 而那些真正深入人心的神话 and the myths that really stick 25 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:14,790 在美国经历中就是西部神话。 in the American experience are the myths of the West. 26 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:18,370 山更高大。 The mountains were taller. 27 00:01:18,370 --> 00:01:19,830 沙漠更严酷。 The deserts were harsher. 28 00:01:19,830 --> 00:01:21,790 积雪更深。 The snows were deeper. 29 00:01:21,790 --> 00:01:23,250 - 美国西部唤起 - The American West conjures 30 00:01:23,250 --> 00:01:27,040 惊奇、可能性和机遇。 wonder, possibility, opportunity. 31 00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:29,200 - 山地人的形象。 - The figure of the mountain man. 32 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:31,540 恶名昭彰的亡命徒。 Notorious outlaws. 33 00:01:31,540 --> 00:01:33,200 - 牛仔。 - The cowboy. 34 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:35,750 - 加利福尼亚的淘金热。 - The discovery of gold in California. 35 00:01:35,750 --> 00:01:39,700 这列马车队 trailing 穿过草原。 This train of wagons trailing across the prairie. 36 00:01:39,700 --> 00:01:43,540 - 每个人都想得到这片土地，各有缘由。 - Everybody has a reason for wanting this land. 37 00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:48,660 - 但那片土地大部分已被占据。 - But most of that land was already occupied. 38 00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:56,700 - 我们在此居住已超过一万年。 - We have been residents for more than 10,000 years. 39 00:01:56,700 --> 00:01:59,000 - 但这是两种不同生活方式 - But this is a clash of two different ways 40 00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:00,660 本身的冲突。 of seeing life itself. 41 00:02:01,660 --> 00:02:04,580 一方面是为家园的未来而战， Fighting for the future of your homeland on the one side, 42 00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:08,200 另一方面是为新共和国的命运 and fighting for the destiny of the New Republic 43 00:02:08,200 --> 00:02:09,700 而战。 on the other side. 44 00:02:13,660 --> 00:02:16,540 西部历史是一部创世故事。 The history of the West is a creation story. 45 00:02:17,910 --> 00:02:20,580 它创造了我们所认为的现代美国。 It's the creation of what we think of as modern America. 46 00:02:21,580 --> 00:02:24,750 - 西部是一个一切皆有可能的地方。 - The West is a place where anything is possible. 47 00:02:26,660 --> 00:02:29,160 它是美国梦的精髓。 It is the essence of the American dream. 48 00:02:30,750 --> 00:02:34,660 - 核心在于，我们作为一个国家将成为什么？ - The core of this is, what are we to be as a nation? 49 00:02:34,660 --> 00:02:36,410 清算的时刻即将到来。 The reckoning is coming. 50 00:02:36,410 --> 00:02:38,450 西部是这块画布 The West is this canvas 51 00:02:38,450 --> 00:02:42,200 美国梦在其上变得比生命更宏大。 on which American dreams become larger than life. 52 00:02:50,660 --> 00:02:53,040 从独立的最初岁月起， From the earliest days of independence, 53 00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:55,330 美国就一直望向西部。 the United States has been looking West. 54 00:02:56,580 --> 00:02:58,450 到19世纪40年代中期， By the mid 1840s, 55 00:02:58,450 --> 00:03:01,120 成千上万的美国人已穿越落基山脉 thousands of Americans have crossed the Rockies 56 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:03,370 并在俄勒冈地区定居， and settled in Oregon country, 57 00:03:03,370 --> 00:03:06,250 使国家在太平洋沿岸有了立足点。 giving the nation a foothold on the Pacific. 58 00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:12,250 而在1845年，新当选的总统詹姆斯·波尔克 And in 1845, newly elected president James Polk 59 00:03:12,250 --> 00:03:15,540 将目光投向了确保西海岸的安全。 has his sights set on securing the West Coast. 60 00:03:15,540 --> 00:03:18,450 同年，新闻界创造了一个短语 That same year, the press coins a phrase 61 00:03:18,450 --> 00:03:22,540 捕捉了那个时代的精神："天命昭彰"。 that captures the spirit of the age, "manifest destiny." 62 00:03:22,540 --> 00:03:25,750 - 当你拆解这个短语"天命昭彰"时， - When you take that phrase apart, "manifest destiny", 63 00:03:25,750 --> 00:03:29,410 一方面它说"天命"，这是不可避免的， it's saying on the one hand, "destiny," this is inevitable, 64 00:03:29,410 --> 00:03:31,200 因为这是优等民族 because these are a superior people 65 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:32,950 迁入这个国家。 moving into this country. 66 00:03:32,950 --> 00:03:35,160 而"昭彰"，那是不言而喻的。 And "manifest," that is just obvious. 67 00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:37,200 任何看到这一切的人都会明白 Anyone who looks at this will see 68 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:40,200 被征服者的低劣。 the inferiority of those whom they are conquering. 69 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:41,500 当时就是这样看待的。 That's the way it was seen. 70 00:03:41,500 --> 00:03:43,700 美国扩张就是这样被正当化的。 That's the way American expansion was justified. 71 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:47,290 - 詹姆斯·K·波尔克曾立下誓言， - James K. Polk made a pledge, 72 00:03:47,290 --> 00:03:49,330 如果他成为美国总统， that if he's President of the United States, 73 00:03:49,330 --> 00:03:52,830 他将解决我们在太平洋西北部 that he was going to resolve our border issues 74 00:03:52,830 --> 00:03:57,540 和美墨边境的边界问题。 both in the Pacific Northwest and on the U.S.-Mexico border. 75 00:03:57,540 --> 00:03:59,660 在波尔克当选后一年内， Within a year of Polk's election, 76 00:03:59,660 --> 00:04:04,290 美国将德克萨斯共和国变成了其第28个州。 the U.S. turns the Republic of Texas into its 28th state. 77 00:04:04,290 --> 00:04:07,500 墨西哥无力阻止其前省份 Mexico is powerless to stop its former province 78 00:04:07,500 --> 00:04:10,870 加入联邦，而波尔克想要更多。 from joining the Union, and Polk wants more. 79 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:13,290 - 美国在美墨战争背后 - The motivation for the U.S. 80 00:04:13,290 --> 00:04:15,200 的主要动机 behind the Mexican War primarily 81 00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:18,330 是这种实现天命昭彰的渴望。 is this desire to fulfill manifest destiny. 82 00:04:18,330 --> 00:04:21,500 他们觊觎这片领土已久， It had their eye on this territory for a long time, 83 00:04:21,500 --> 00:04:24,330 并且决心不惜一切手段夺取它。 and they were intent on taking it by any means necessary. 84 00:04:25,370 --> 00:04:29,500 - 美墨战争是一次赤裸裸的土地掠夺。 - The Mexican-American War is a naked land grab. 85 00:04:29,500 --> 00:04:32,290 它是由对更多土地的需求引起的。 It's caused by the demand for more land. 86 00:04:33,370 --> 00:04:35,080 - 《瓜达卢佩-伊达尔戈条约》 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 87 00:04:35,080 --> 00:04:36,700 结束了美墨战争， ends the Mexican-American War, 88 00:04:36,700 --> 00:04:39,450 并正式将相当于 and formally cedes what is a third 89 00:04:39,450 --> 00:04:42,410 或更多的墨西哥北部领土割让给美国。 or more of Northern Mexico to the United States. 90 00:04:42,410 --> 00:04:45,700 1848年，美国获得了额外的 In 1848, the United States gains an additional 91 00:04:45,700 --> 00:04:49,660 52.5万平方英里领土， 525,000 square miles of territory, 92 00:04:49,660 --> 00:04:53,700 这片土地后来成为犹他、亚利桑那、 land that will eventually be known as Utah, Arizona, 93 00:04:53,700 --> 00:04:57,370 内华达、科罗拉多和新墨西哥。 Nevada, Colorado, and New Mexico. 94 00:04:58,370 --> 00:05:01,370 但最大的奖赏是加利福尼亚。 But the greatest prize is California. 95 00:05:01,370 --> 00:05:04,040 - 加利福尼亚拥有优良的天然港口， - California has great natural ports, 96 00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:08,500 蒙特雷、旧金山和圣地亚哥附近。 Monterey, and in San Francisco, and near San Diego. 97 00:05:08,500 --> 00:05:12,370 美国非常渴望与亚洲进行贸易， America wants very much to have a trade with Asia, 98 00:05:12,370 --> 00:05:15,040 因此极其渴望拥有 and so there is a huge desire to have 99 00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:17,040 通往太平洋的通道。 that access to the Pacific. 100 00:05:18,700 --> 00:05:19,950 - 那些谈判并签署条约的人， - The people who negotiated and signed the treaty, 101 00:05:19,950 --> 00:05:22,830 他们不知道加利福尼亚突然之间 they had no idea that California all of a sudden 102 00:05:22,830 --> 00:05:25,660 价值远超任何人的预知。 was worth a whole lot more than anybody had known. 103 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:28,700 在条约签署之时， At the time the treaty was signed, 104 00:05:28,700 --> 00:05:31,910 黄金已经在加利福尼亚被发现， gold had already been discovered in California, 105 00:05:31,910 --> 00:05:35,500 但消息还未从加利福尼亚传到墨西哥城。 but the news hadn't gone from California to Mexico City. 106 00:05:37,540 --> 00:05:40,250 - 加利福尼亚黄金的发现发生在 - The discovery of gold in California happened within 107 00:05:40,250 --> 00:05:42,370 《瓜达卢佩-伊达尔戈条约》签署 200 hours of the signing 108 00:05:42,370 --> 00:05:44,580 后的200小时内。 of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 109 00:05:44,580 --> 00:05:46,080 换句话说，就在我们 In other words, at the very moment 110 00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:47,910 获得远西地区的那一刻， that we acquired the far West, 111 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:50,540 就开始揭示出 it began to be revealed 112 00:05:50,540 --> 00:05:53,950 这片远西地区是地球上最富饶的地方。 that this far West was the richest place on Earth. 113 00:05:56,580 --> 00:06:01,660 - 人们以此作为某种理由或证据， - Individuals use that as somehow the justification 114 00:06:01,660 --> 00:06:05,870 证明这正是上帝的意图。 or the proof that that is exactly what God intended. 115 00:06:05,870 --> 00:06:10,540 上帝将这片土地预定给你， That God intended this land for you, 116 00:06:10,540 --> 00:06:14,790 然后上帝用黄金奖赏我们。 and then God rewards us with gold. 117 00:06:15,750 --> 00:06:17,540 当时，电报线路 At the time, telegraph lines 118 00:06:17,540 --> 00:06:19,250 和铁路轨道甚至还没有 and railroad tracks have not even 119 00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:21,580 跨越密西西比河， crossed the Mississippi River, 120 00:06:21,580 --> 00:06:25,000 发现黄金的消息通过口耳相传扩散， and news of the gold strike spreads by word of mouth, 121 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:26,700 首先传到附近的俄勒冈， first to nearby Oregon, 122 00:06:26,700 --> 00:06:31,540 然后通过船只传到墨西哥、秘鲁、智利 then by ships to ports in Mexico, Peru, Chile, 123 00:06:31,540 --> 00:06:35,870 和中国的港口，最后才到达东海岸。 and China before finally reaching the East Coast. 124 00:06:35,870 --> 00:06:38,870 - 黄金于1848年在萨克拉门托被发现， - Gold was discovered in Sacramento in 1848, 125 00:06:38,870 --> 00:06:41,620 但他们真正到达那里是在1849年。 but they really didn't get there until 1849. 126 00:06:41,620 --> 00:06:44,580 这就是为什么他们被称为"49ers"而不是"48ers"。 That's why they're called the 49ers instead of the 48ers. 127 00:06:45,370 --> 00:06:47,200 当时真的只有两种方式 And there were only really two ways 128 00:06:47,200 --> 00:06:49,700 你可以去加利福尼亚，海路， you could get to California, sea passage, 129 00:06:49,700 --> 00:06:52,410 如果你有钱支付海路费用的话。 if you had money for the sea passage. 130 00:06:52,410 --> 00:06:54,250 另一种方式，是陆路 The other way, to go overland 131 00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:55,500 穿越山口， through the mountain passes, 132 00:06:55,500 --> 00:06:57,870 无论哪种方式都是极其艰辛的旅程， incredibly arduous journeys either way, 133 00:06:57,870 --> 00:06:59,040 但他们还是来了。 but still they came. 134 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:01,950 那塞壬般的呼唤："黄金，黄金，黄金"， That siren call of, "Gold, gold, gold," 135 00:07:01,950 --> 00:07:05,120 响彻报纸，他们成千上万地涌来。 rang through the newspapers, and they came in thousands. 136 00:07:06,660 --> 00:07:08,080 成千上万的美国人 Thousands of Americans 137 00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:11,450 他们曾渴望拥有自己的一块土地来耕种 who once longed for their own piece of land to farm 138 00:07:11,450 --> 00:07:14,450 现在将犁换成淘金盘 now swap their plows for gold pans 139 00:07:14,450 --> 00:07:17,540 并开辟了一条通往加利福尼亚的道路。 and blaze a trail to California. 140 00:07:17,540 --> 00:07:19,540 - 淘金热从根本上改变了美国梦。 - The gold rush fundamentally alters the American dream. 141 00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:20,580 突然之间，出现了这些关于 Suddenly, there are these stories 142 00:07:20,580 --> 00:07:22,750 人们一夜暴富的故事， about people striking it rich, 143 00:07:22,750 --> 00:07:25,830 一天之内就获得一笔财富 and in a day's work gaining a fortune 144 00:07:25,830 --> 00:07:29,700 这在其他情况下需要多年的劳动。 that would've been, in other cases, years of labor. 145 00:07:29,700 --> 00:07:34,370 - 而这仅仅引发了移民的爆炸式增长。 - And then that just causes an explosion of immigration. 146 00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:41,450 - 所以在1848年，大约有1000名白人居住在 - So in 1848, you have about 1,000 white people living 147 00:07:41,450 --> 00:07:43,370 后来的加利福尼亚州境内。 in what is the state of California. 148 00:07:43,370 --> 00:07:45,830 两年之内，就有了10万人。 Within two years, you hav 100,000. 149 00:07:45,830 --> 00:07:48,620 再过一年，就超过了20万。 Within another year, you have over 200,000. 150 00:07:49,580 --> 00:07:50,870 加利福尼亚曾一度是 California was once home 151 00:07:50,870 --> 00:07:54,370 大约30万原住民的家园。 to around 300,000 Indigenous people. 152 00:07:54,370 --> 00:07:56,700 然后在16世纪40年代， Then in the 1540s, 153 00:07:56,700 --> 00:08:00,290 西班牙人来到这里寻找传说中的黄金城， the Spanish came looking for the legendary City of Gold, 154 00:08:00,290 --> 00:08:02,500 名为埃尔多拉多。 known as El Dorado. 155 00:08:02,500 --> 00:08:04,500 他们并未找到， They did not find it, 156 00:08:04,500 --> 00:08:06,410 但在18世纪末， but in the late 1700s, 157 00:08:06,410 --> 00:08:09,080 他们建立了一连串的宗教传教所， they built a string of religious missions, 158 00:08:09,080 --> 00:08:10,950 奴役当地印第安人， enslaved the local Indians, 159 00:08:10,950 --> 00:08:14,370 并强迫他们皈依天主教。 and forced them to convert to Catholicism. 160 00:08:14,370 --> 00:08:17,290 疾病夺去了成千上万原住民的生命。 Disease wiped out thousands of Natives. 161 00:08:17,290 --> 00:08:22,200 到1821年墨西哥获得独立时， By the time Mexico gains its independence in 1821, 162 00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:23,910 加利福尼亚已失去近 California has lost almost 163 00:08:23,910 --> 00:08:26,540 一半的原住民人口， half of its Indigenous population, 164 00:08:26,540 --> 00:08:28,750 而现在，甚至连墨西哥人也迅速被 and now, even Mexicans are rapidly 165 00:08:28,750 --> 00:08:31,660 "49ers"在数量上超越， being outnumbered by the 49ers, 166 00:08:31,660 --> 00:08:35,870 这些来自东部的美国白人准备夺取土地。 white Americans from the East ready to take the land. 167 00:08:35,870 --> 00:08:37,620 - 对在那里的墨西哥人来说，讽刺的是， - The irony for the Mexicans who are there, 168 00:08:37,620 --> 00:08:39,330 对那些占据那些土地的人来说， for the people who occupy those lands, 169 00:08:39,330 --> 00:08:41,290 是他们现在被视为外国人。 is that they're now deemed foreigners. 170 00:08:41,290 --> 00:08:43,830 美国白人相信，因为他们赢得了战争， White Americans believed that because they won the war, 171 00:08:43,830 --> 00:08:45,870 他们有权拥有这些黄金。 they're entitled to this gold. 172 00:08:45,870 --> 00:08:47,500 - 这是美国边疆的一个习惯 - It's a habit of the American frontier 173 00:08:47,500 --> 00:08:50,200 人们总是在法律到达之前就到来。 that people arrive before the law gets there. 174 00:08:50,200 --> 00:08:53,370 当这种情况发生时，就会产生土地纠纷。 When that happens, there will be disputes about land. 175 00:08:53,370 --> 00:08:54,540 - 而且没有规则。 - And there are no rules. 176 00:08:54,540 --> 00:08:55,950 人们在立界标宣称所有权， People are staking claims, 177 00:08:55,950 --> 00:08:58,450 但那只是他们在说："这是我的地盘。" but that's just them saying, "This is my spot." 178 00:08:59,540 --> 00:09:03,660 - 如果你认为有个矿工比你干得好， - If you think there's a miner that's doing better than you, 179 00:09:03,660 --> 00:09:08,160 而那人碰巧是中国人、墨西哥人或其他族裔， and if that happens to be a Chinese, Mexican, or other, 180 00:09:09,250 --> 00:09:10,950 没人会阻止你。 there's no one stopping you. 181 00:09:10,950 --> 00:09:14,500 如果你有更强的势力，如果你有更强的火力， If you have more might, if you have more firepower, 182 00:09:14,500 --> 00:09:17,700 你有更多的人手，就去夺取那个矿权。 you have more men, to take that claim. 183 00:09:18,910 --> 00:09:22,790 如果有抵抗，就会发生暴力。 And if there's resistance, there's violence. 184 00:09:23,700 --> 00:09:24,910 在墨西哥统治下， Under Mexican rule, 185 00:09:24,910 --> 00:09:27,830 加利福尼亚是一个遥远的北部省份 California was a distant northern province 186 00:09:27,830 --> 00:09:30,200 不受政府控制。 beyond government control. 187 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:33,200 即使在美国手中，它仍然不是一个州。 Even in U.S. hands, it's still not a state. 188 00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:37,660 没有宪法，没有法院，也没有警察。 There's no Constitution, no courts, and no police. 189 00:09:38,910 --> 00:09:41,660 帮派在这片无法无天的土地上横行无忌。 Gangs run rampant in this lawless land. 190 00:09:42,580 --> 00:09:44,450 报纸用匪徒和杀人犯的故事 Newspapers inflame readers 191 00:09:44,450 --> 00:09:47,540 煽动读者。 with tales of bandits and murderers. 192 00:09:47,540 --> 00:09:50,870 其中最著名的，是一位墨西哥帮派头目 The most famous of all, a Mexican gang leader 193 00:09:50,870 --> 00:09:54,120 名叫华金的人。 who goes by the name of Joaquin. 194 00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:58,200 - 在事实与历史记载之间，存在一个模糊地带， - There's this murky region in between, where fact, 195 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:01,540 与传说相遇。 historical documentation, meets the legend. 196 00:10:01,540 --> 00:10:05,580 确实有一个名叫华金·穆列塔的人 There was a person named Joaquin Murrieta 197 00:10:05,580 --> 00:10:07,750 被人们指认。 that people have identified. 198 00:10:07,750 --> 00:10:10,870 我们确实知道他大约在1830年出生 We do know he's born around 1830 199 00:10:10,870 --> 00:10:13,910 在墨西哥索诺拉的一个小镇。 in a small town in Sonora, Mexico. 200 00:10:13,910 --> 00:10:17,040 - 华金·穆列塔是成千上万 - Joaquin Murrieta is one of many thousands 201 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:19,660 在加利福尼亚北部的墨西哥矿工之一 of Mexican miners in Northern California 202 00:10:19,660 --> 00:10:21,660 像其他人一样努力谋生， trying to make a go of it like everybody else, 203 00:10:21,660 --> 00:10:23,200 淘金，挖金， panning for gold, digging for gold, 204 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:25,830 而且他显然取得了不小的成功。 and he apparently enjoys a fair amount of success. 205 00:10:27,410 --> 00:10:29,200 一些记述表明华金 Some accounts suggest Joaquin 206 00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:32,000 被美国定居者赶出了他的土地。 was pushed off his land by American settlers. 207 00:10:33,330 --> 00:10:35,370 被迫放弃开采黄金， Forced to give up mining gold, 208 00:10:35,370 --> 00:10:37,370 穆列塔转而开始偷窃黄金。 Murrieta turns to stealing it. 209 00:10:38,660 --> 00:10:41,700 - 在1852年的加利福尼亚州， - In the state of California at this time in 1852, 210 00:10:41,700 --> 00:10:46,290 有报道称有一个名叫华金的匪徒 there are reports that there's a bandit named Joaquin 211 00:10:46,290 --> 00:10:50,790 正在实施一条谋杀之路，抢劫人民，偷窃马匹， on a murderous path, robbing people, stealing horses, 212 00:10:50,790 --> 00:10:53,330 在金矿场杀人。 killing people in the gold fields. 213 00:10:53,330 --> 00:10:55,700 - 你开始看到所有这些故事在报纸上 - You begin to see all these stories circulating 214 00:10:55,700 --> 00:10:58,660 流传，关于各种各样的匪徒， in the newspapers about various bandits, 215 00:10:58,660 --> 00:11:01,160 他们也开始给这些匪徒冠以华金之名。 which they begin to attach the name Joaquin too. 216 00:11:02,500 --> 00:11:07,370 1852年底发生的一件事巩固了他作为 One event in late 1852 cements his reputation 217 00:11:07,370 --> 00:11:11,250 淘金热时期加利福尼亚最令人恐惧的亡命徒的声誉。 as the most feared outlaw in gold rush California. 218 00:11:13,160 --> 00:11:15,200 - 约书亚·比恩是一位退伍军人 - Joshua Bean is a military veteran 219 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:17,700 后来成为圣地亚哥市长。 and eventually becomes the mayor of San Diego. 220 00:11:17,700 --> 00:11:19,040 当他从那个职位退休后， And when he retires from that profession, 221 00:11:19,040 --> 00:11:21,330 他在南加州的一个小镇 he opens a saloon in a small town 222 00:11:21,330 --> 00:11:22,370 开了一家酒馆。 in Southern California. 223 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:26,290 一天晚上，因为一个女孩发生了斗殴。 One evening there's a brawl over a girl. 224 00:11:27,750 --> 00:11:30,750 在那之后，比恩步行回家， In the aftermath of that, Bean is walking home, 225 00:11:34,250 --> 00:11:37,040 遭到身份不明者的袭击。 when he's attacked by persons unknown. 226 00:11:45,040 --> 00:11:46,040 并被杀害。 And killed. 227 00:11:49,370 --> 00:11:51,700 - 这些谋杀案的幕后主使是一个幽灵， - The person behind these murders is a ghost, 228 00:11:51,700 --> 00:11:53,500 一个在夜间出击的幻影， a phantom who strikes in the night, 229 00:11:53,500 --> 00:11:56,160 然后有人提供了证词 and then someone offers testimony 230 00:11:56,160 --> 00:11:58,540 说出了华金·穆列塔的名字。 that gives up the name Joaquin Murrieta. 231 00:11:58,540 --> 00:12:00,330 "是华金·穆列塔干的。" "Joaquin Murrieta did it." 232 00:12:00,330 --> 00:12:02,830 终于，这个幻影有了名字。 Finally, the Phantom has a name. 233 00:12:08,500 --> 00:12:10,580 在19世纪40年代末， In the late 1840s, 234 00:12:10,580 --> 00:12:14,200 黄金梦将成千上万的人带到加利福尼亚。 dreams of gold bring thousands to California. 235 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:18,000 有些人来是为了从这股矿工潮中赚钱。 Some come out to make money off this influx of miners. 236 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:20,450 其他人则是来直接抢劫他们。 Others come to rob them outright. 237 00:12:20,450 --> 00:12:23,080 随着暴力犯罪猖獗， As violent crimes run rampant, 238 00:12:23,080 --> 00:12:26,620 华金这个名字在金矿场回荡。 the name Joaquin echoes through the gold fields. 239 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:29,200 - 当黄金在加利福尼亚被发现时， - When gold was discovered in California, 240 00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:31,250 它还没有正式成为一个领土， it hadn't been formally made into a territory, 241 00:12:31,250 --> 00:12:34,160 所以当时加利福尼亚没有政府。 so there was no government in California at that time. 242 00:12:34,160 --> 00:12:38,160 加利福尼亚于1849年申请成为州， California applies for statehood in 1849, 243 00:12:38,160 --> 00:12:41,450 但由于国家在奴隶制未来问题上存在分歧， but with the nation divided over the future of slavery, 244 00:12:41,450 --> 00:12:43,370 危机随之而来。 a crisis ensues. 245 00:12:43,370 --> 00:12:46,160 - 在与墨西哥的战争之后， - After the war with Mexico, 246 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:48,410 西部有所有这些新领土 there is all this new territory out West 247 00:12:48,410 --> 00:12:51,910 最终将不得不以蓄奴州或自由州的身份 that is gonna have to be admitted to the Union eventually 248 00:12:51,910 --> 00:12:53,120 加入联邦。 as slave state or free. 249 00:12:54,910 --> 00:12:56,200 - 接纳加利福尼亚 - The admission of California 250 00:12:56,200 --> 00:12:58,040 加入联邦将意味着一个自由州， to the Union would mean a free state, 251 00:12:58,040 --> 00:13:00,200 这将打破国会中的平衡， and that would tip the balance in Congress, 252 00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:01,700 这是南方各州 and that was something the Southern states 253 00:13:01,700 --> 00:13:03,160 不可能接受的。 could not possibly accept. 254 00:13:03,160 --> 00:13:05,370 最终，达成了一项协议。 Eventually, a deal is reached. 255 00:13:05,370 --> 00:13:07,700 1850年妥协案 The Compromise of 1850 256 00:13:07,700 --> 00:13:10,160 旨在安抚北方和南方。 aimed to appease both North and South. 257 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:14,450 - 1850年妥协案的关键组成部分之一 - One of the key components of the Compromise of 1850 258 00:13:14,450 --> 00:13:19,330 是让各领土在申请建州时自行决定 is let the territories decide as they apply to statehood 259 00:13:19,330 --> 00:13:23,370 是否成为自由州或蓄奴州。 whether or not they're gonna be a free or enslaved state. 260 00:13:23,370 --> 00:13:24,700 作为交换， In exchange, 261 00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:27,200 南方得到了一项更严厉的《逃奴法案》。 the South gets a harsher Fugitive Slave Act. 262 00:13:27,200 --> 00:13:29,410 新建立的犹他 The newly established territories 263 00:13:29,410 --> 00:13:31,250 和新墨西哥领土 of Utah and New Mexico 264 00:13:31,250 --> 00:13:34,750 将自行决定奴隶制问题。 will decide on the issue of slavery themselves. 265 00:13:34,750 --> 00:13:38,160 而加利福尼亚作为自由州加入联邦， And California joins the Union as a free state, 266 00:13:39,250 --> 00:13:41,080 但新政府几乎无法对 but the new government can barely make 267 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:43,450 广泛的匪患产生实质影响。 an impact on the widespread banditry. 268 00:13:44,660 --> 00:13:46,290 - 加利福尼亚是一个广阔的领土， - California's a vast territory, 269 00:13:46,290 --> 00:13:48,370 所以加利福尼亚需要数年时间 so it's gonna take years before California 270 00:13:48,370 --> 00:13:52,040 才能真正展开州政府的基本运作。 actually is able to unfold the basics of state government. 271 00:13:53,700 --> 00:13:56,200 为了试图建立法律与秩序， Trying to impose law and order, 272 00:13:56,200 --> 00:13:59,370 志同道合的定居者组成了武装队伍 like-minded settlers form armed posses 273 00:13:59,370 --> 00:14:02,410 并自称为警戒委员会。 and call themself Vigilance Committees. 274 00:14:03,500 --> 00:14:07,160 1852年，洛杉矶的一个治安维持团体 In 1852, a vigilante group in Los Angeles 275 00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:10,500 调查了约书亚·比恩谋杀案。 investigates the murder of Joshua Bean. 276 00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:13,040 他们采纳了一名前帮派成员的话， Taking the word of a former gang member, 277 00:14:13,040 --> 00:14:15,250 将罪行归咎于一名名叫 they pin the crime on a Mexican bandit 278 00:14:15,250 --> 00:14:18,000 华金·穆列塔的墨西哥匪徒。 by the name of Joaquin Murrieta. 279 00:14:19,830 --> 00:14:21,410 但对大多数加利福尼亚人来说， But for most Californians, 280 00:14:21,410 --> 00:14:24,830 他将继续被简单地称为华金。 he will continue to be known simply as Joaquin. 281 00:14:26,750 --> 00:14:28,410 - 斯托克顿的报纸， - The Stockton newspaper, 282 00:14:28,410 --> 00:14:29,870 萨克拉门托的报纸， the Sacramento newspaper, 283 00:14:29,870 --> 00:14:31,450 洛杉矶的报纸 the Los Angeles newspaper 284 00:14:31,450 --> 00:14:33,950 都没有报道华金的故事。 aren't reporting the stories of Joaquin. 285 00:14:35,450 --> 00:14:38,540 - 当时的媒体对此进行了夸大其词的报道， - It was sensationalized in the press at the time, 286 00:14:38,540 --> 00:14:41,370 而且因为报纸需要销量， and because newspapers have to sell copies, 287 00:14:41,370 --> 00:14:44,370 所以更耸人听闻的故事就会出来。 and so the more lurid stories would come out. 288 00:14:45,290 --> 00:14:46,830 - 报纸报道了各种各样 - Newspapers are reporting all sorts 289 00:14:46,830 --> 00:14:48,870 归因于华金的事情。 of things attributed to Joaquin. 290 00:14:48,870 --> 00:14:50,500 说他身穿黑衣。 That he dresses in black. 291 00:14:50,500 --> 00:14:53,450 说他似乎对枪弹免疫。 That he seems to be somehow immune to gunfire. 292 00:14:53,450 --> 00:14:55,330 这导致人们猜测也许 And this leads to speculation that maybe 293 00:14:55,330 --> 00:14:57,870 他穿了某种锁子甲。 he's wearing some sort of chain mail. 294 00:14:57,870 --> 00:15:00,450 - "他是一位出色的骑手。" - "He's an outstanding horseman." 295 00:15:00,450 --> 00:15:01,830 "他是个神枪手。" "He's a sharp shooter." 296 00:15:01,830 --> 00:15:05,080 "他能在50步外把你从马上打下来。" "He'll knock you off a horse at 50 paces." 297 00:15:07,120 --> 00:15:10,830 - 就在加利福尼亚淘金热发生的同时， - Right as the California gold rush is happening, 298 00:15:10,830 --> 00:15:12,750 美国文化中真正引人注目的是 what is really striking in American culture 299 00:15:12,750 --> 00:15:15,500 大众识字率的上升。 is the rise of mass literacy. 300 00:15:15,500 --> 00:15:17,790 我们开始建立公立学校。 We're beginning to get public schools. 301 00:15:17,790 --> 00:15:20,290 能阅读的人比以前多得多。 Many more people can read than before. 302 00:15:20,290 --> 00:15:23,040 - 这也恰逢美国的报纸业蓬勃发展 - This is also coinciding with a newspaper boom 303 00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:24,500 从50年前仅有的200家， that takes place in the United States 304 00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:29,910 到1850年已超过2000家。 from just 200, 50 years before to more than 2,000 by 1850. 305 00:15:29,910 --> 00:15:32,000 - 如果没有印刷过程的成本降低， - This would not be possible without 306 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,040 这是不可能实现的。 the cheapening of of the printing process. 307 00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:36,040 突然间印刷机无处不在， Suddenly the printing presses are everywhere, 308 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:37,830 大规模生产材料。 mass producing material. 309 00:15:37,830 --> 00:15:40,250 到1853年初， By early 1853, 310 00:15:40,250 --> 00:15:44,290 媒体已将华金这个名字与至少20起谋杀案联系起来。 the press has tied the name Joaquin to at least 20 murders. 311 00:15:48,250 --> 00:15:52,370 - 华金在猛烈打击美国佬， - Joaquin is striking out against the Yankee, 312 00:15:52,370 --> 00:15:55,950 但据报道他也在抢劫中国人 but he's also reportedly robbing the Chinese 313 00:15:55,950 --> 00:15:57,870 并杀害中国矿工。 and killing Chinese miners. 314 00:16:01,370 --> 00:16:02,750 有一次， And in one case, 315 00:16:02,750 --> 00:16:06,040 华金袭击了一个中国人营地。 Joaquin sets upon a Chinese camp. 316 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:15,540 华金杀死了许多中国矿工 Joaquin kills many of the Chinese miners 317 00:16:19,370 --> 00:16:23,200 并从他们那里抢走了价值6000美元的金沙。 and takes $6,000 worth of gold dust from them. 318 00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:26,370 报纸继续增加着 Newspapers continue to add 319 00:16:26,370 --> 00:16:29,620 华金所犯罪行的日益增长的清单。 to the growing list of crimes committed by Joaquin. 320 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:33,250 有些人甚至推测可能 Some even speculate there may be 321 00:16:33,250 --> 00:16:35,540 不止一个叫那个名字的匪徒。 more than one bandit by that name. 322 00:16:37,040 --> 00:16:39,500 这些报道制造了一种恐惧氛围。 The coverage creates a climate of fear. 323 00:16:42,040 --> 00:16:44,910 - 所以，盎格鲁人的恐惧是对墨西哥匪徒的恐惧。 - So, the Anglo fear is of the Mexican bandit. 324 00:16:44,910 --> 00:16:47,080 而墨西哥匪徒的形象实际上 And the Mexican bandit is actually this image 325 00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:49,290 源自美墨战争。 that comes out of the war with Mexico. 326 00:16:49,290 --> 00:16:51,700 当时有很多游击抵抗。 There's a lot of guerilla resistance. 327 00:16:51,700 --> 00:16:55,200 因此对于许多焦虑的盎格鲁人来说， And so for a lot of anxious Anglos, 328 00:16:55,200 --> 00:16:57,660 任何墨西哥男性都可能是华金。 any Mexican male could be Joaquin. 329 00:16:57,660 --> 00:17:00,160 你知道，每个墨西哥人都成了潜在的匪徒。 You know, every Mexican becomes a potential bandit. 330 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:02,950 - 加利福尼亚是一个新州， - California is a new state, 331 00:17:02,950 --> 00:17:05,660 而它作为一个充斥着匪患 and this reputation for being a region 332 00:17:05,660 --> 00:17:09,160 和谋杀的地区，这一声誉是个大问题。 rife with banditry, with murder, is a big problem. 333 00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:12,040 他们希望成千上万，最终数百万的定居者， They want thousands, eventually millions of settlers, 334 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:13,910 来到那里建设经济。 to come there to build the economy. 335 00:17:13,910 --> 00:17:15,450 因此，加利福尼亚政府面临着巨大压力 And so there's a tremendous pressure 336 00:17:15,450 --> 00:17:19,290 要求解决这个华金问题。 on the California government to solve this Joaquin problem. 337 00:17:19,290 --> 00:17:22,660 随着恐慌加剧，加州州长约翰·比格勒 As panic grows, California Governor John Bigler 338 00:17:22,660 --> 00:17:24,660 提出了一个快速的解决方案： offers a quick solution: 339 00:17:24,660 --> 00:17:26,700 1000美元的悬赏。 a $1,000 reward. 340 00:17:27,700 --> 00:17:32,120 但对某些人来说，这是武装行动的号召，随之而来的是混乱。 But for some it's a call to arms and chaos follows. 341 00:17:33,660 --> 00:17:35,120 - 各种各样的人 - All sorts of people 342 00:17:35,120 --> 00:17:37,250 都对获得这笔赏金感兴趣， are interested in acquiring this bounty, 343 00:17:37,250 --> 00:17:40,160 但无法真正知道华金是谁。 but there's no real way to know who Joaquin is. 344 00:17:41,330 --> 00:17:44,370 - 所以华金成了一个借口， - So Joaquin became somebody who served as a pretext 345 00:17:44,370 --> 00:17:47,700 用来武装治安队员在乡间游荡并杀人， to arm vigilantes to roam the countryside and kill, 346 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:50,790 可能威胁到讲西班牙语的人。 potentially threatening Spanish speaking people. 347 00:17:50,790 --> 00:17:52,000 三个月来， For three months, 348 00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:55,370 治安小队公开以墨西哥人为目标， vigilante squads openly target Mexicans, 349 00:17:55,370 --> 00:17:58,080 在他们眼中，这些人看起来可疑， who, in their eyes, look suspicious, 350 00:17:58,080 --> 00:18:00,660 但悬赏一直无人认领。 but the bounty goes unclaimed. 351 00:18:00,660 --> 00:18:03,620 焦虑的加利福尼亚人要求采取进一步行动。 Anxious Californians demand further action. 352 00:18:04,950 --> 00:18:06,290 - 当加利福尼亚试图找出 - When California is trying to figure out 353 00:18:06,290 --> 00:18:09,540 如何对付华金时，他们看向德克萨斯， how to deal with Joaquin, they look to Texas, 354 00:18:09,540 --> 00:18:13,620 因为德克萨斯最近创建了德州巡警。 because Texas has recently created the Texas Rangers. 355 00:18:13,620 --> 00:18:15,290 最初成立是为了保护 Originally formed to defend 356 00:18:15,290 --> 00:18:18,250 在德克萨斯的美国人免受科曼奇人的侵害， Americans in Texas from the Comanche, 357 00:18:18,250 --> 00:18:21,330 巡警们已经扩大了他们的职责范围 the Rangers have expanded their responsibilities 358 00:18:21,330 --> 00:18:24,080 和活动范围，在美墨战争期间 and their range, venturing south of the border 359 00:18:24,080 --> 00:18:27,040 冒险进入边境以南。 during the Mexican-American War. 360 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:28,950 - 德州巡警在与墨西哥的战争中 - The Texas Rangers acquire a lot of fame 361 00:18:28,950 --> 00:18:32,870 作为这种反游击、反匪徒的力量赢得了很多声誉。 during the war with Mexico as this sort of anti-guerilla, 362 00:18:32,870 --> 00:18:35,000 反匪徒的力量。 anti-bandit force. 363 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,250 1853年5月， In May 1853, 364 00:18:37,250 --> 00:18:39,120 比格勒州长签署了一项法案 Governor Bigler signs a bill 365 00:18:39,120 --> 00:18:41,700 创建了加利福尼亚巡警。 creating the California Rangers. 366 00:18:41,700 --> 00:18:44,290 他们的目标：找到华金。 Their goal: To find Joaquin. 367 00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:46,500 但目前仍不清楚 But it's still unclear 368 00:18:46,500 --> 00:18:50,120 华金是一个匪徒还是多个。 if Joaquin is a single bandit or many. 369 00:18:50,120 --> 00:18:52,080 因此该法案列出了五个潜在的 So the bill names five potential 370 00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:55,160 华金供巡警逮捕。 Joaquins for the rangers to apprehend. 371 00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:56,700 - 所以加利福尼亚借鉴了这个想法。 - So California copies this idea. 372 00:18:56,700 --> 00:19:00,000 我们需要一个全副武装的准军事组织 That we need a heavily armed paramilitary organization 373 00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:01,950 在存在匪患和无法无天的地方 that is gonna impose order 374 00:19:01,950 --> 00:19:04,080 强行建立秩序。 where there is banditry and lawlessness. 375 00:19:05,080 --> 00:19:06,250 但他们主要的手段是 But their principle tools are 376 00:19:06,250 --> 00:19:09,250 暴力、恐吓和谋杀。 violence, intimidation, and murder. 377 00:19:09,250 --> 00:19:11,750 - 加利福尼亚州长现已授权 - The governor of California has now sanctioned 378 00:19:11,750 --> 00:19:15,120 加利福尼亚巡警追捕华金， the California Rangers to go after Joaquin 379 00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:16,790 无需正当程序。 without due process. 380 00:19:19,080 --> 00:19:21,250 所以他基本上授权了一支行刑队。 So he's basically empowered a death squad. 381 00:19:24,790 --> 00:19:27,750 在整个1853年春天， Throughout the spring of 1853, 382 00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:31,330 墨西哥亡命徒华金躲避着治安队员， Mexican outlaw Joaquin evades vigilantes 383 00:19:31,330 --> 00:19:33,790 即使有悬赏在身。 even with a bounty on his head. 384 00:19:33,790 --> 00:19:37,250 加州州长约翰·比格勒希望通过建立 California Governor John Bigler hopes that by establishing 385 00:19:37,250 --> 00:19:40,040 该州第一支官方警察部队， the state's first official police force, 386 00:19:40,040 --> 00:19:42,330 他可以结束这场追捕。 he can end the chase. 387 00:19:42,330 --> 00:19:45,750 - 我们的共和国建立在正当程序与法治之上， - Our Republic is based on due process and the rule of law, 388 00:19:45,750 --> 00:19:50,330 然而在每一个边疆，法外活动都在发生。 and yet on every frontier, extralegal activity occurs. 389 00:19:50,330 --> 00:19:54,120 因此加州州长创建了巡警， And so the governor of California creates the Rangers, 390 00:19:54,120 --> 00:19:57,250 他们实际上只是一群人 who are really just a group of people 391 00:19:57,250 --> 00:20:00,290 愿意在非常薄弱的合法性外衣下 willing to do the wet work for California 392 00:20:00,290 --> 00:20:03,750 为加利福尼亚干脏活。 under a very slight patina of legality. 393 00:20:06,660 --> 00:20:09,540 一个人应民众要求被选中 One man is chosen by popular demand 394 00:20:09,540 --> 00:20:12,200 领导巡警进行追捕。 to lead the Rangers in their hunt. 395 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:14,700 一位退伍军人转行的赏金猎人 An army veteran turned bounty hunter 396 00:20:14,700 --> 00:20:17,120 以杀害他已捕获的逃犯 with a reputation for killing fugitives 397 00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:19,700 而闻名： he's already captured: 398 00:20:19,700 --> 00:20:21,580 一个名叫哈里·拉夫的人。 a man named Harry Love. 399 00:20:23,250 --> 00:20:26,540 - 在很多方面，关于哈里·拉夫队长的传说 - There is as much lore about Captain Harry Love 400 00:20:26,540 --> 00:20:29,540 和华金·穆列塔一样多。 as there is Joaquin Murrieta in lots of ways. 401 00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:34,410 有一种描述说，他是半人半鳄鱼。 In one description, he's half man and half alligator. 402 00:20:34,410 --> 00:20:37,540 - 哈里·拉夫来加利福尼亚是为了寻找黄金， - Harry Love had come to California looking for gold 403 00:20:37,540 --> 00:20:39,040 结果却找到了别的东西。 and ended up finding something else. 404 00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:43,080 他发现他杀死别人的能力 And what he found is that his ability to kill other people 405 00:20:43,080 --> 00:20:46,870 对他来说，比寻找黄金更有利可图。 was, for him, more lucrative than his ability to find gold. 406 00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:50,370 - 哈里·拉夫有来自美墨战争的军事背景。 - Harry Love had military background from the Mexican War. 407 00:20:50,370 --> 00:20:52,540 他曾是德州巡警。 He had been a Texas Ranger. 408 00:20:52,540 --> 00:20:56,330 他是一个可以被信赖去追捕人的人。 He's someone who could be trusted to hunt people down. 409 00:20:56,330 --> 00:20:58,830 你别跟哈里乱来。他会杀了你。 You don't mess around with Harry. He'll kill you. 410 00:20:59,830 --> 00:21:02,450 随着华金成为全国头条新闻， With Joaquin making national headlines, 411 00:21:02,450 --> 00:21:07,370 拉夫看到了一个通过杀死他也成名的机会。 Love sees a chance to get famous too, by killing him. 412 00:21:07,370 --> 00:21:09,700 于是他亲自挑选了一队枪手 So he handpicks a posse of gunmen 413 00:21:09,700 --> 00:21:13,250 他们也准备好不惜一切代价。 who are also ready to do whatever it takes. 414 00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:17,580 - 所以哈里·拉夫队长 - So Captain Harry Love 415 00:21:17,580 --> 00:21:20,620 组建了一个大约20人的巡警队。 assembles a group of about 20 Rangers. 416 00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:25,330 这些都是年轻人，大概二三十岁。 These are young men, probably 20s and 30s. 417 00:21:25,330 --> 00:21:27,040 我们对他们了解不多。 We don't know a whole lot about them. 418 00:21:27,040 --> 00:21:29,080 他们中可能有好几个， They were probably several of them, 419 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:31,410 即使不是大多数，也是矿工， if not most of them, miners, 420 00:21:31,410 --> 00:21:34,040 没有像他们希望的那样发财 who didn't strike it rich as they had hoped 421 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:37,500 正在寻找其他赚钱的门路。 and are looking for other things to make some money. 422 00:21:37,500 --> 00:21:39,200 当满怀希望的移民涌入 As hopeful immigrants pour 423 00:21:39,200 --> 00:21:41,450 国家最远的边缘时， into the furthest edge of the nation, 424 00:21:41,450 --> 00:21:43,660 黄金正在减少。 gold is on the decline. 425 00:21:43,660 --> 00:21:47,250 对大多数加利福尼亚人来说，淘金热已经结束。 For most Californians, the rush is over. 426 00:21:47,250 --> 00:21:51,250 - 到52年，那些早期的 - By '52, those early pickings 427 00:21:51,250 --> 00:21:54,830 黄金已经消失或枯竭。 of gold are gone, or depleted. 428 00:21:54,830 --> 00:21:57,370 - 而每次黄金变得更难找到， - And every time the gold becomes harder to find, 429 00:21:57,370 --> 00:21:59,830 寻找的成本就更高。 it becomes more expensive to find. 430 00:21:59,830 --> 00:22:02,660 然后你必须开发新的淘选技术。 And then you have to develop new technology for panning. 431 00:22:04,120 --> 00:22:06,790 最终出现了所谓的水力采矿 And then eventually there is what's called hydraulic mining 432 00:22:06,790 --> 00:22:08,500 他们改变河流的走向， where they change the course of rivers, 433 00:22:08,500 --> 00:22:11,370 侵蚀掉悬崖侧面，然后开采那些沉积物。 and erode away cliff sides and then you mine that. 434 00:22:11,370 --> 00:22:13,330 最终他们追随着黄金 And eventually they chase the gold 435 00:22:13,330 --> 00:22:16,660 到达其起源的地下矿脉。 to the underground seams where it originates. 436 00:22:16,660 --> 00:22:19,700 去加利福尼亚挖金的人发现 People who go out to California to mine gold discover 437 00:22:19,700 --> 00:22:22,370 他们就像宾夕法尼亚的煤矿工人一样， that they're just like coal miners in Pennsylvania, 438 00:22:22,370 --> 00:22:24,080 他们在为别人工作。 and they're working for somebody else. 439 00:22:24,080 --> 00:22:26,540 在某种程度上，这是一个缩影， And in some ways, it's a microcosm 440 00:22:26,540 --> 00:22:28,250 反映了工业革命 of the Industrial Revolution 441 00:22:28,250 --> 00:22:29,540 正在美国发生， that's taking place in America 442 00:22:29,540 --> 00:22:31,750 大约就在这个时候以及稍晚一些。 just about this time and a little bit later. 443 00:22:31,750 --> 00:22:33,950 - 我们看到的是从 - What we see is this transition from 444 00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:36,700 个人机遇的状况， a situation of individual opportunity, 445 00:22:36,700 --> 00:22:38,910 你知道，就是那个拿着淘金盘的人， you know, that fellow down there with the pan, 446 00:22:38,910 --> 00:22:42,250 向大企业、公司权力的转变。 to one of big business, of corporate power. 447 00:22:42,250 --> 00:22:43,620 当然，这是我们看到的故事， It's the story, of course, that we see, 448 00:22:43,620 --> 00:22:45,250 尤其是在远西地区， especially in the far West, 449 00:22:45,250 --> 00:22:48,660 我们看到它一次又一次地上演。 that we see unfolding over and over again. 450 00:22:48,660 --> 00:22:51,290 随着黄金变得更难寻找， As gold becomes harder to find 451 00:22:51,290 --> 00:22:53,580 矿工们去别处寻找财富。 miners seek their fortunes elsewhere. 452 00:22:54,660 --> 00:22:58,370 对于1853年的加利福尼亚巡警来说， For the California Rangers in 1853, 453 00:22:58,370 --> 00:23:01,580 杀死华金意味着获得一笔急需的报酬： killing Joaquin offers a much needed paycheck: 454 00:23:02,790 --> 00:23:07,870 追捕期间每月150美元，杀死他则得1000美元。 $150 a month for the hunt, $1,000 for the kill. 455 00:23:07,870 --> 00:23:11,500 这相当于今天的4万美元。 That's the equivalent of $40,000 today. 456 00:23:12,540 --> 00:23:14,250 但华金可能在这个 But Joaquin could be anywhere 457 00:23:14,250 --> 00:23:17,790 16万平方英里的州内的任何地方， in the 160,000 square mile state, 458 00:23:17,790 --> 00:23:21,620 而巡警们只有三个月的时间来追踪到他。 and the Rangers have just three months to track him down. 459 00:23:23,370 --> 00:23:27,080 - 所以你面对的是一个难以捉摸的人物。 - So you have an elusive character. 460 00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:29,750 一周又一周，一周又一周， Weeks and weeks and weeks, 461 00:23:29,750 --> 00:23:32,540 拉夫和他的加利福尼亚巡警们， Love and his California Rangers, 462 00:23:32,540 --> 00:23:35,410 他们在这里问人，在那里问人， they're asking people here, people there, 463 00:23:35,410 --> 00:23:38,450 "有没有人看到过华金？" "Have there been any sightings of Joaquin?" 464 00:23:38,450 --> 00:23:39,870 - 有传言说华金 - There are rumors that Joaquin 465 00:23:39,870 --> 00:23:42,700 在索诺拉和加利福尼亚之间活动。 is moving between Sonora and California. 466 00:23:42,700 --> 00:23:44,450 - 他可能藏身于山中， - He could be hiding in the mountains 467 00:23:44,450 --> 00:23:46,830 并在城市环境中伪装自己。 and disguising himself in urban environments. 468 00:23:46,830 --> 00:23:48,700 - 他似乎凭空出现， - He seems to appear out of nowhere, 469 00:23:48,700 --> 00:23:51,580 杀了人然后几乎同样迅速地消失。 just kills somebody and then disappears almost as quickly. 470 00:23:51,580 --> 00:23:54,450 - 有时听起来好像他同时出现在两个地方。 - It sounds at times as though he's in two places at once. 471 00:23:54,450 --> 00:23:56,410 所以这边发生了一起抢劫和谋杀， So there is a robbery and a murder over here, 472 00:23:56,410 --> 00:23:58,910 那边发生了一起复仇谋杀， and there is a vengeance murder over here, 473 00:23:58,910 --> 00:24:01,660 但没人能在那么短的时间内从这里赶到那里。 but nobody could get from here to there in that time. 474 00:24:01,660 --> 00:24:04,040 到1853年7月， By July 1853, 475 00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:06,700 巡警们已经搜寻了两个月 the Rangers have spent two months hunting 476 00:24:06,700 --> 00:24:08,660 却毫无华金的踪迹。 without a trace of Joaquin. 477 00:24:09,700 --> 00:24:14,410 - 哈里·拉夫当时一定非常焦躁不安。 - Harry Love must have been getting very antsy. 478 00:24:14,410 --> 00:24:15,870 压力越来越大。 The pressure is building. 479 00:24:15,870 --> 00:24:19,080 我们必须抓住或杀死这个华金。 We have to apprehend or kill this Joaquin. 480 00:24:25,120 --> 00:24:28,370 在整个1853年夏天， Throughout the summer of 1853, 481 00:24:28,370 --> 00:24:30,080 哈里·拉夫队长和他的巡警们 Captain Harry Love and his Rangers 482 00:24:30,080 --> 00:24:34,910 在加利福尼亚北部四处搜捕一个名叫华金的匪徒。 scour Northern California for a bandit named Joaquin. 483 00:24:34,910 --> 00:24:37,620 - 这些人都是相对年轻的人， - Now these are all relatively young men, 484 00:24:37,620 --> 00:24:39,540 全副武装。 armed to the teeth. 485 00:24:39,540 --> 00:24:42,410 嗯，1000美元在当时是很大一笔钱。 Well, a $1,000 was a lot of money. 486 00:24:42,410 --> 00:24:45,910 他们一心想要成功 They were intent on being successful 487 00:24:45,910 --> 00:24:49,830 抓住并/或杀死华金。 in capturing and or killing Joaquin. 488 00:24:49,830 --> 00:24:52,040 报纸追踪着他们的追捕行动， Newspapers follow their pursuit, 489 00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:55,620 他们耸人听闻的报道将这片"黄金之州" and their sensational stories paint the Golden State 490 00:24:55,620 --> 00:24:57,790 描绘成一个无法无天的地方。 as a lawless land. 491 00:24:57,790 --> 00:25:00,040 但加利福尼亚正在改变。 But California is changing. 492 00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:04,870 随着美国人带来的不仅仅是黄金梦， As Americans come with more than just dreams of gold, 493 00:25:04,870 --> 00:25:08,540 他们来这里是为了安家立业。 they're here to build homes and start families. 494 00:25:08,540 --> 00:25:09,950 - 大多数去加利福尼亚的人 - Most people who went to California 495 00:25:09,950 --> 00:25:11,580 去的时候都以为那是暂时的。 went thinking that it was temporary. 496 00:25:11,580 --> 00:25:13,700 他们会去那里，发财， They would go, they would make their fortune, 497 00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:15,160 然后回家。 they would come home. 498 00:25:15,160 --> 00:25:16,660 但他们环顾四周，然后说， But they looked around, and they said, 499 00:25:16,660 --> 00:25:18,870 "嗯，加利福尼亚是个不错的地方。" "Well, California's kind of a nice place." 500 00:25:19,870 --> 00:25:21,790 - 在19世纪50年代， - In the 1850s, 501 00:25:21,790 --> 00:25:24,330 加利福尼亚的人口在增长。 California is getting populated. 502 00:25:24,330 --> 00:25:26,040 像旧金山 Places like San Francisco 503 00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:29,370 和圣地亚哥这样的地方正在变成城市。 and San Diego were becoming cities. 502 00:25:29,370 --> 00:25:31,200 它们是目的地。 They were destinations. 505 00:25:31,200 --> 00:25:33,370 信件和故事将加利福尼亚的魅力 Letters and stories spread the allure 506 00:25:33,370 --> 00:25:35,910 传播到了东部的城市， of California to cities back East, 507 00:25:35,910 --> 00:25:39,790 而一项新普及的技术起到了至关重要的作用。 and a newly popularized technology plays a vital role. 508 00:25:40,870 --> 00:25:43,540 移民们现在寄回照片 Migrants are now sending back photographs 509 00:25:43,540 --> 00:25:45,540 作为他们成功的证明。 as proof of their prosperity. 510 00:25:46,540 --> 00:25:48,160 - 这些人中的大多数甚至负担不起 - Most of these people couldn't really 511 00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:50,040 他们拍照时身上穿的 even afford the suit that they were wearing 512 00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:51,580 那套西装， when they had these photographs taken, 513 00:25:51,580 --> 00:25:54,700 但通过寄回一张成功的照片， but by sending a success photograph, 514 00:25:54,700 --> 00:25:58,330 一种自拍，回到波士顿或北卡罗来纳， kind of a selfie back to Boston or to North Carolina, 515 00:25:58,330 --> 00:26:01,620 你的亲人看到了，就会说："看，他说得对。 and your kin see that, and they say, "See, he was right. 516 00:26:01,620 --> 00:26:03,040 我们应该跟着他去。" We should follow him." 517 00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:07,040 但对于整个加利福尼亚的原住民来说， But for Native Americans across California, 518 00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:09,910 移民的涌入带来了一场噩梦。 the flood of settlers unleashes a nightmare. 519 00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:13,620 - 在19世纪50年代的加利福尼亚， - The people who are most endangered by American rule 520 00:26:13,620 --> 00:26:17,580 在美国统治下最危险的人是原住民。 in California in the 1850s are Native peoples. 521 00:26:17,580 --> 00:26:19,330 - 在欧洲人到来之时， - At the time of European arrival, 522 00:26:19,330 --> 00:26:21,830 加利福尼亚是北美原住民中 California was the most diverse 523 00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:24,870 最多样化、人口最密集的地区。 and densely settled portion of Native North America. 524 00:26:24,870 --> 00:26:28,540 加利福尼亚有超过100种不同的原住民语言， California had over a 100 different Indigenous languages 525 00:26:28,540 --> 00:26:30,700 以及多样化的原住民群体， and a diversity of Indigenous peoples 526 00:26:30,700 --> 00:26:32,830 难以尽述。 that is hard to summarize. 527 00:26:34,700 --> 00:26:36,540 - 在美国获得这片土地后的 - In the two decades after 528 00:26:36,540 --> 00:26:38,080 二十年里， this acquisition by the United States, 529 00:26:38,080 --> 00:26:40,410 加利福尼亚的原住民人口从 the Native population of California's reduced 530 00:26:40,410 --> 00:26:44,040 大约15万减少到2万或3万。 from about 150,000 to 20 or 30,000. 531 00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:46,160 - 他们的人口骤降，部分原因 - Their population plummeted due in part 532 00:26:46,160 --> 00:26:48,700 在于我们可以认为是非故意的因素， to factors we could consider unintentional, 533 00:26:48,700 --> 00:26:50,790 比如疾病的传播。 like the spread of disease. 534 00:26:50,790 --> 00:26:52,330 在很大程度上， To a terrible extent, 535 00:26:52,330 --> 00:26:55,500 也在于美国州政府故意武装 the intentional practices of the U.S. state arming 536 00:26:55,500 --> 00:26:58,870 或至少纵容治安队员杀害原住民。 or at least enabling vigilantes to kill Indigenous peoples. 537 00:26:59,830 --> 00:27:02,080 对于加利福尼亚的淘金者来说， For California gold rushers, 538 00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:04,750 一块土地就是潜在的头奖。 a plot of land is a potential jackpot. 539 00:27:04,750 --> 00:27:07,330 对于定居者来说，这是一个机会， For settlers, it's an opportunity 540 00:27:07,330 --> 00:27:11,700 两者都希望原住民人口让路。 and both want the Native population out of the way. 541 00:27:11,700 --> 00:27:13,790 来自附近俄勒冈的移民是 Migrants from nearby Oregon are among 542 00:27:13,790 --> 00:27:16,790 最早袭击加利福尼亚原住民的人之一， the first to attack Native Californians, 543 00:27:16,790 --> 00:27:19,410 有时声称是为基督教传教士 sometimes claiming revenge for the killings 544 00:27:19,410 --> 00:27:23,120 马库斯和纳西莎·惠特曼被杀而复仇。 of Christian missionaries, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman. 545 00:27:24,120 --> 00:27:27,080 但新的州政府很快接手了主导权。 But the new state government soon takes the lead. 546 00:27:27,080 --> 00:27:29,910 州长约翰·比格勒甚至筹集资金 Governor John Bigler even raises funds 547 00:27:29,910 --> 00:27:31,950 来灭绝原住民。 to exterminate Native people. 548 00:27:31,950 --> 00:27:33,700 - 州政府支付赏金， - The state is paying bounties, 549 00:27:33,700 --> 00:27:35,910 既资助民兵 both sponsoring militias 550 00:27:35,910 --> 00:27:39,080 也付钱给非正规军去杀印第安人。 and paying irregulars to kill Indians. 551 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:41,700 随着暴力成为常规手段， As violence becomes routine practice, 552 00:27:41,700 --> 00:27:44,120 地方民兵和治安维持团体 local militia and vigilante groups 553 00:27:44,120 --> 00:27:46,160 造成了多达 are responsible for killing as many 554 00:27:46,160 --> 00:27:49,910 16,000名加利福尼亚印第安人的死亡， as 16,000 California Indians with the state 555 00:27:49,910 --> 00:27:54,120 州政府花费了约合今天8000万美元的资金。 spending around $80 million in today's money. 556 00:27:54,120 --> 00:27:57,290 在追捕墨西哥亡命徒华金·穆列塔的过程中， In hunting down Mexican outlaw Joaquin Murrieta, 557 00:27:57,290 --> 00:28:00,290 哈里·拉夫走上了一条 Harry Love follows a well-trodden path 558 00:28:00,290 --> 00:28:04,370 州政府批准的针对非美国人的暴力老路。 of state sanctioned violence against non-Americans. 559 00:28:04,370 --> 00:28:08,080 报纸和它们的读者都在为他加油， Newspapers and their readers are rooting for him, 560 00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:10,540 但他的时间不多了。 but his time is running out. 561 00:28:10,540 --> 00:28:12,040 - 哈里·拉夫有三个月的期限 - Harry Love has a three month deadline 562 00:28:12,040 --> 00:28:15,290 来找到这个难以捉摸、描述不清的人。 to find this elusive, poorly described person. 563 00:28:15,290 --> 00:28:17,870 随着他越来越接近那个期限， As he gets closer and closer to that deadline, 564 00:28:17,870 --> 00:28:21,250 哈里·拉夫面临着找到华金的巨大压力， there's tremendous pressure on Harry Love to find Joaquin 565 00:28:21,250 --> 00:28:24,830 甚至可能在他内心深处，需要发挥点"创意"。 and maybe even, in the back of his mind, to get creative. 566 00:28:25,750 --> 00:28:27,500 - 在加利福尼亚州有很多叫华金的人， - There were lots of Joaquin's 567 00:28:27,500 --> 00:28:31,080 墨西哥裔的人。 in the state of California, Mexican origin people. 568 00:28:31,080 --> 00:28:35,330 如果你悬赏一个名叫华金的人的人头， If you put a bounty on the head of someone named Joaquin, 569 00:28:36,750 --> 00:28:40,910 谁能保证你抓住的人 who is to say that the person you apprehend 570 00:28:40,910 --> 00:28:44,950 实际上就是你说的那个人呢？ is actually the person you say he is? 571 00:28:44,950 --> 00:28:48,290 就在他的合同到期前三周， Just three weeks before his contract expires, 572 00:28:48,290 --> 00:28:49,700 拉夫得到了一条线索。 Love gets a lead. 573 00:28:50,830 --> 00:28:53,700 - 哈里·拉夫和他的巡警们显然 - Harry Love and his Rangers apparently 574 00:28:53,700 --> 00:28:57,870 找到了华金的妹夫， find the brother-in-law of Joaquin, 575 00:28:57,870 --> 00:28:59,910 并和他达成了协议。 and they make a deal with him. 576 00:28:59,910 --> 00:29:02,000 "如果你告诉我们华金在哪里， "We won't arrest you or kill you 577 00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:04,410 我们就不逮捕你或杀你。" if you tell us where Joaquin is." 578 00:29:04,410 --> 00:29:07,370 他说他们在今天弗雷斯诺县所在的地方。 He says they're in what is today, Fresno County. 579 00:29:07,370 --> 00:29:11,750 于是哈里·拉夫和巡警们就去了那里。 So Harry Love and the Rangers go there. 580 00:29:11,750 --> 00:29:13,750 - 拉夫和他的人遇到 - Love and his men come upon 581 00:29:13,750 --> 00:29:16,830 一群看起来像墨西哥人的人 a group of Mexican-looking peoples 582 00:29:16,830 --> 00:29:19,540 在一个叫阿罗约·德坎图亚的地方。 in an area called Arroyo de Cantua. 583 00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:26,040 - 拉夫和加利福尼亚巡警们 - Love and the California Rangers 584 00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:28,700 已经确认了这个营地 have identified this encampment 585 00:29:28,700 --> 00:29:33,370 墨西哥人在那里有许多马匹， where Mexicans have a number of horses 586 00:29:34,950 --> 00:29:38,950 并断定其中一些马是偷来的。 and determine that some of these horses are stolen. 587 00:29:38,950 --> 00:29:43,330 所以在他们看来，这就是华金和他的匪帮。 So in their minds, this is Joaquin and his bandits. 588 00:29:43,330 --> 00:29:46,370 所以在那次遭遇中， So it doesn't take much 589 00:29:46,370 --> 00:29:48,700 在那次交锋中， in that encounter, in that exchange, 590 00:29:48,700 --> 00:29:50,870 很容易就气氛紧张并拔枪相向。 to get heated and the guns drawn. 591 00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:54,830 - 站住！ - 嘿，哇！ - Stop! - Hey, whoa! 592 00:29:54,830 --> 00:29:56,450 - 放下武器！ - Drop your weapons! 593 00:30:12,540 --> 00:30:13,790 - 发生了枪战， - There's a shootout, 594 00:30:13,790 --> 00:30:15,450 一些匪徒四散逃窜。 and some of the bandits scatter. 595 00:30:16,580 --> 00:30:19,160 华金差点就逃脱了。 And Joaquin almost makes his escape. 596 00:30:20,700 --> 00:30:22,200 - 他受伤了。 - He's wounded. 597 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:24,540 当他们在弥留之际来到他身边时， And as they come to him in his dying moments, 598 00:30:24,540 --> 00:30:28,410 他说："别开枪了。我已经死了。" he said, "Don't shoot me. I'm already dead." 599 00:30:32,750 --> 00:30:34,910 但杀死这个墨西哥匪徒 But killing this Mexican bandit 600 00:30:34,910 --> 00:30:37,910 并不能保证拉夫能拿到赏金。 is no guarantee that Love will get his bounty. 601 00:30:39,330 --> 00:30:41,250 - 所以哈里·拉夫相信他抓住了华金， - So Harry Love believes he has Joaquin, 602 00:30:41,250 --> 00:30:42,750 但他有个问题，那就是 but he has a problem, which is, 603 00:30:42,750 --> 00:30:45,080 没有真正的方法来证明这一点。 there's no real way to prove this. 604 00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:50,830 - 那可能是一个墨西哥人， - That could have been a Mexican, 605 00:30:50,830 --> 00:30:54,250 也许叫华金，也许不叫， that maybe was named Joaquin, maybe not, 606 00:30:57,330 --> 00:31:01,870 但哈里·拉夫打算领那笔钱。 but Harry Love was gonna collect that money. 607 00:31:10,040 --> 00:31:13,080 1853年7月25日， On July 25, 1853, 608 00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:15,950 哈里·拉夫和加利福尼亚巡警成功 Harry Love and the California Rangers succeed 609 00:31:15,950 --> 00:31:19,540 完成了他们的任务，找到并杀死了匪徒 in their mission finding and killing the bandit, 610 00:31:19,540 --> 00:31:20,700 华金·穆列塔。 Joaquin Murrieta. 611 00:31:23,910 --> 00:31:26,620 为了领取赏金， Determined to claim his reward, 612 00:31:26,620 --> 00:31:29,200 拉夫割下了这名亡命徒的头颅 Love removes the outlaw's head 613 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:31,950 并将其保存在一个酒精桶里。 and preserves it in a barrel of alcohol. 614 00:31:33,790 --> 00:31:35,040 - 存在很多疑问， - There's a lot of question, 615 00:31:35,040 --> 00:31:36,250 特别是在墨西哥社区， particularly in the Mexican community, 616 00:31:36,250 --> 00:31:40,080 关于哈里·拉夫是否真的抓到了华金 about whether Harry Love ever got Joaquin 617 00:31:40,080 --> 00:31:42,620 或者这只是一个可怜的、不幸的墨西哥人 or whether this is just some poor hapless Mexican 618 00:31:42,620 --> 00:31:44,290 头颅被放在罐子里。 with his head in a jar. 619 00:31:45,830 --> 00:31:48,200 - 无法证明那就是华金， - There's no way to prove that it's Joaquin, 620 00:31:48,200 --> 00:31:50,290 但对拉夫来说幸运的是， but fortunately for Love, 621 00:31:50,290 --> 00:31:53,870 州政府官员迫切希望这个问题消失。 state officials are dying to have this problem go away. 622 00:31:53,870 --> 00:31:55,370 所以当他呈上那个被割下的头颅时， So when he presents the severed head, 623 00:31:55,370 --> 00:31:57,660 他们说："太好了！干得漂亮。" they say, "Great! Job well done." 624 00:31:57,660 --> 00:31:59,370 匪患就此结束了。 The banditry is done with. 625 00:31:59,370 --> 00:32:02,290 哈里·拉夫因杀死华金·穆列塔 Harry Love collects the $1,000 bounty 626 00:32:02,290 --> 00:32:04,700 而获得了1000美元赏金 for killing Joaquin Murrieta 627 00:32:04,700 --> 00:32:07,080 并与他的巡警们分享。 and splits it with his Rangers. 628 00:32:07,080 --> 00:32:10,500 感激不尽的加州政府后来又奖励了他 The grateful California government later rewards him 629 00:32:10,500 --> 00:32:14,450 额外的5000美元，他据为己有。 an additional 5,000, which he keeps for himself. 630 00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:19,370 凭借他新获得的名声， And with his newfound fame, 631 00:32:19,370 --> 00:32:21,540 他又看到了另一种利用 he sees yet another way to profit 632 00:32:21,540 --> 00:32:23,370 这个死去的墨西哥匪徒获利的方法。 off the dead Mexican bandit. 633 00:32:23,370 --> 00:32:24,700 - 就在这里！ - Right here! 634 00:32:24,700 --> 00:32:26,580 华金·穆列塔！ Joaquin Murrieta! 635 00:32:26,580 --> 00:32:27,870 - 哈里·拉夫意识到 - Harry Love realizes there's 636 00:32:27,870 --> 00:32:29,700 这个被割下的头颅仍有价值， still value in this severed head, 637 00:32:29,700 --> 00:32:32,330 于是他将其公开展出并收取入场费。 and so he puts it on display and charges admission. 638 00:32:34,700 --> 00:32:37,410 按我们的标准来看，这令人震惊且野蛮， This is shocking and barbaric by our standards, 639 00:32:37,410 --> 00:32:40,040 但这实际上是一个悠久的传统的一部分。 but it's actually part of a long tradition. 640 00:32:40,040 --> 00:32:41,580 几百年来， For hundreds of years, 641 00:32:41,580 --> 00:32:44,620 那些与国家、与国王作对的人， people that have run afoul of the state, of the king, 642 00:32:44,620 --> 00:32:46,200 头颅被砍下， have had their heads severed, 643 00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:48,580 插在长矛上作为警告， put on a pike as a warning to anybody 644 00:32:48,580 --> 00:32:51,370 警示任何胆敢挑战国家权力的人。 who would think about defying the state's power. 645 00:32:53,910 --> 00:32:56,040 对于在加利福尼亚的美国人来说， To Americans in California, 646 00:32:56,040 --> 00:32:57,500 哈里·拉夫是个英雄。 Harry Love is a hero. 647 00:32:58,790 --> 00:33:01,040 通过杀死一个令人恐惧的墨西哥亡命徒， By killing a feared Mexican outlaw, 648 00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:04,370 他使这个新州成为了一个更安全的居住地， he's made the new state a safer place to live, 649 00:33:05,950 --> 00:33:09,120 但华金的传奇不会消亡。 but the legend of Joaquin will not die. 650 00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:14,200 - 所以在哈里·拉夫 - So after Harry Love 651 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:17,200 和他的手下斩首华金·穆列塔之后， and his men decapitated Joaquin Murrieta, 652 00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:20,040 报纸开始流传谣言 the newspapers started circulating rumors 653 00:33:20,040 --> 00:33:22,250 说他们杀错了人。 that they had gotten the wrong man. 654 00:33:23,250 --> 00:33:25,000 一些报纸声称 Some newspapers claimed that 655 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:27,000 华金·穆列塔已经逃到了墨西哥。 Joaquin Murrieta had escaped into Mexico. 656 00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:29,290 其他报纸则声称 Other newspapers claimed that 657 00:33:29,290 --> 00:33:31,540 他继续存在于加利福尼亚。 he continues to exist in California. 658 00:33:32,660 --> 00:33:34,120 - 因为如果华金没死， - Because if Joaquin's not dead, 659 00:33:34,120 --> 00:33:35,580 或者至少我们可以声称他没死， or at least we can claim he's not dead, 660 00:33:35,580 --> 00:33:38,040 我们就可以继续发表关于他事迹的故事， we can continue to publish stories of his exploits, 661 00:33:38,040 --> 00:33:41,540 关于他行为的故事，并卖掉报纸。 stories of his deeds and sell newspapers. 662 00:33:42,500 --> 00:33:44,200 一位年轻的切罗基族记者 A young Cherokee journalist 663 00:33:44,200 --> 00:33:46,330 正密切关注着。 is paying close attention. 664 00:33:46,330 --> 00:33:49,620 - 约翰·罗林·里奇在1850年像许多人一样 - John Rollin Ridge finds his way to California 665 00:33:49,620 --> 00:33:54,040 来到加利福尼亚，希望能发财。 like so many other people in 1850, to strike it rich. 666 00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:56,870 在作为矿工失败后， After failing as a miner, 667 00:33:56,870 --> 00:33:59,000 里奇转向了新闻业 Ridge turns to journalism 668 00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:00,790 并看到了一个发财的机会 and sees a chance to hit pay dirt 669 00:34:00,790 --> 00:34:04,330 通过将华金的故事从头条新闻 by spinning the Joaquin story out of the headlines 670 00:34:04,330 --> 00:34:06,290 改编成一部流行小说。 and into a popular novel. 671 00:34:07,700 --> 00:34:10,410 但他也有个人恩怨要抒发。 But he also has an axe to grind. 672 00:34:10,410 --> 00:34:13,660 - 约翰·罗林·里奇在切罗基族领地长大 - John Rollin Ridge grew up in Cherokee Nation 673 00:34:13,660 --> 00:34:18,700 并目睹了他的家园被定居者夺走。 and watched as his homeland was stolen by settlers. 674 00:34:18,700 --> 00:34:20,160 二十多年前， Two decades earlier, 675 00:34:20,160 --> 00:34:23,950 安德鲁·杰克逊总统签署了《印第安人迁移法案》， President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, 676 00:34:23,950 --> 00:34:27,580 该法案迫使东部的美洲原住民离开他们的家园 which forced Native Americans in the East off their homelands 677 00:34:27,580 --> 00:34:30,660 迁往西部陌生的领土。 and onto unfamiliar territory in the West. 678 00:34:30,660 --> 00:34:33,330 - 杰克逊政府决心 - The Jackson administration is determined 679 00:34:33,330 --> 00:34:36,200 将美洲原住民从东南部， to remove Native Americans from the Southeast, 680 00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:38,200 从佐治亚及更广泛的地区迁移出去， from Georgia and that wider region, 681 00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:40,000 因为那是肥沃富饶的土地 because that's rich, fertile land 682 00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:41,700 非常适合种植棉花。 that is perfect for growing cotton. 683 00:34:41,700 --> 00:34:43,790 从1830年开始， Beginning in 1830, 684 00:34:43,790 --> 00:34:45,870 东南部的原住民部落 Native nations in the Southeast 685 00:34:45,870 --> 00:34:47,620 被驱逐出他们的土地。 are expelled from their land. 686 00:34:48,790 --> 00:34:50,620 但切罗基人在酋长约翰·罗斯的领导下 But the Cherokee resisted removal 687 00:34:50,620 --> 00:34:54,080 抵抗了迁移。 under the leadership of Chief John Ross. 688 00:34:54,080 --> 00:34:56,580 但对一些人来说，这似乎是不可避免的。 But for some, it seemed inevitable. 689 00:34:56,580 --> 00:34:59,080 - 约翰·罗林·里奇属于一个家族， - John Rollin Ridge was part of a family, 690 00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:01,200 后来被称为里奇派， which became known as the Ridge Party, 691 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:02,950 他们认为维持切罗基社会 believed that their best chance 692 00:35:02,950 --> 00:35:05,370 的最佳机会 of sustaining Cherokee society 693 00:35:05,370 --> 00:35:08,040 是放弃他们在密西西比河以东的土地 was ceding their lands east of the Mississippi 694 00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:10,370 并迁往西部的土地。 and taking up lands in the West. 695 00:35:10,370 --> 00:35:12,620 违背部落的意愿， Against the wishes of the tribe, 696 00:35:12,620 --> 00:35:15,540 里奇的父亲、祖父和叔叔 Ridge's father, grandfather, and uncle 697 00:35:15,540 --> 00:35:18,580 都与美国政府签署了一项条约， all signed a treaty with the U.S. government, 698 00:35:18,580 --> 00:35:23,120 放弃了东部700万英亩的切罗基土地。 giving up 7 million acres of Cherokee land in the East. 699 00:35:23,120 --> 00:35:26,120 - 联邦政府组织了一系列 - The federal government organizes a series 700 00:35:26,120 --> 00:35:28,620 驱逐行动，将切罗基人 of deportation campaigns that bring the Cherokee 701 00:35:28,620 --> 00:35:32,410 和其他南方印第安人带到了我们现在称为俄克拉荷马的地方， and other Southern Indians to what we now call Oklahoma, 702 00:35:32,410 --> 00:35:34,660 当时被称为印第安人领地。 which was at the time known as Indian territory. 703 00:35:36,370 --> 00:35:39,370 "血泪之路"见证了估计有10万 The Trail of Tears saw an estimated a 100,000 704 00:35:39,370 --> 00:35:42,370 美洲原住民被驱逐出他们的家园。 Native Americans removed from their homelands. 705 00:35:42,370 --> 00:35:44,450 在他们西行的旅程中， Along their journey west, 706 00:35:44,450 --> 00:35:48,540 有15,000人死于疾病、饥饿、 15,000 would die from disease, hunger, 707 00:35:48,540 --> 00:35:52,370 严寒和酷暑，其中包括4000名切罗基人。 heat and cold, including 4,000 Cherokee. 708 00:35:53,250 --> 00:35:55,200 在12岁时， As a 12-year-old, 709 00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:57,790 里奇目睹了他的父亲因在迁移中所扮演的角色 Ridge witnessed his father stabbed to death 710 00:35:57,790 --> 00:35:59,370 而被刺死。 for his role in the removal. 711 00:36:00,750 --> 00:36:04,580 对于里奇，一个仍对敌人满腔怒火的切罗基骑士来说， For Ridge, a Cherokee rider still seething at his enemies, 712 00:36:04,580 --> 00:36:08,790 华金·穆列塔代表了奋起反抗的弱者。 Joaquin Murrieta represents the underdog who fights back. 713 00:36:08,790 --> 00:36:12,370 - 里奇所做的是，他收集了所有关于华金的故事， - What Ridge does, is he takes all these stories about Joaquin, 714 00:36:12,370 --> 00:36:15,870 并将其整合成一个非常引人入胜的叙事， and he formulates them into a really compelling narrative, 715 00:36:15,870 --> 00:36:18,700 因为他想创造一个能引起同情的角色。 because he wants to create a sympathetic character. 716 00:36:19,910 --> 00:36:22,450 里奇笔下的角色仍然是一个年轻的墨西哥人 Ridge's character is still a young Mexican 717 00:36:22,450 --> 00:36:25,160 去加利福尼亚寻找黄金， who goes to California in search of gold, 718 00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:29,040 但随后，他加入了一个转折 but then, he adds a twist 719 00:36:29,040 --> 00:36:31,250 赋予了一个戏剧性的新背景故事。 with a dramatic new backstory. 720 00:36:32,330 --> 00:36:37,120 - 华金遭遇了美国种族主义的嘴脸。 - Joaquin meets the face of American racism. 721 00:36:37,120 --> 00:36:39,620 根据故事所述， And as the story goes, 722 00:36:39,620 --> 00:36:43,450 这些美国矿工来到了他的矿权地。 these American miners come to his claim. 723 00:36:46,580 --> 00:36:48,080 随后发生了暴力事件。 There's violence that ensues. 724 00:36:50,370 --> 00:36:52,700 他们当着他的面强奸了他的妻子。 They rape his wife in front of him. 725 00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:58,200 他被毒打一顿，奄奄一息地被丢下等死， He's beat to a pulp and left to die, 726 00:36:59,660 --> 00:37:03,500 这使他走上了这条匪徒之路。 and that sets him off in this path of banditry. 727 00:37:05,200 --> 00:37:06,700 寻求报复 Seeking revenge 728 00:37:08,500 --> 00:37:10,330 对抗那些美国佬。 against the gringo. 729 00:37:11,830 --> 00:37:13,700 在里奇的小说中，也有一些时刻 In Ridge's novel, there are also moments where 730 00:37:13,700 --> 00:37:17,370 我们看到华金·穆列塔保护那些 we see Joaquin Murrieta protecting the people 731 00:37:17,370 --> 00:37:20,080 他认为在不公正社会中受苦的人。 who he sees as suffering in an unjust society. 732 00:37:25,870 --> 00:37:26,870 - 所以一方面， - So on the one hand, 733 00:37:26,870 --> 00:37:30,700 他可能是他人民英勇的保护者。 he could be a valiant protector of his people. 734 00:37:33,040 --> 00:37:34,500 而另一方面， And on the other hand, 735 00:37:34,500 --> 00:37:37,910 又是匪徒、杀人犯、割喉者。 the bandit, the murderer, the cutthroat. 736 00:37:39,200 --> 00:37:42,040 所以约翰·罗林·里奇讲述的故事中， So the story told by John Rollin Ridge, 737 00:37:42,040 --> 00:37:46,330 他找到那12个矿工，把他们全杀了。 those 12 miners, he finds them and kills them all. 738 00:37:53,370 --> 00:37:54,700 当哈里·拉夫因杀死华金·穆列塔 As Harry Love is celebrated 739 00:37:54,700 --> 00:37:58,080 而被誉为英雄时， as a hero for killing Joaquin Murrieta, 740 00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:00,290 切罗基作家约翰·罗林·里奇 Cherokee writer John Rollin Ridge 741 00:38:00,290 --> 00:38:02,700 写下了他自己版本的故事， writes his own version of the story, 742 00:38:02,700 --> 00:38:06,120 将穆列塔塑造成寻求报复的英雄， with Murrieta as the hero seeking vengeance 743 00:38:06,120 --> 00:38:09,830 向袭击他和他家人的矿工复仇。 against the miners who attacked him and his family. 744 00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:14,870 这是有史以来第一部由美洲原住民出版的小说， It's the first novel ever published by a Native American, 745 00:38:14,870 --> 00:38:17,660 他希望人们能在书页中看到 and he hopes people will see in its pages 746 00:38:17,660 --> 00:38:19,830 加利福尼亚的真实历史， the true history of California, 747 00:38:21,330 --> 00:38:23,450 但它失败了。 but it's a flop. 748 00:38:23,450 --> 00:38:25,410 - 里奇从未获得他认为是应得的 - Ridge never met the financial success 749 00:38:25,410 --> 00:38:27,080 经济上的成功， that he felt was his due, 750 00:38:27,080 --> 00:38:31,500 最终在四十多岁时死于脑部疾病。 and ended up dying in his 40s of a brain disease. 751 00:38:31,500 --> 00:38:33,540 但关于狂野西部的夸张故事 But tall tales of the Wild West 752 00:38:33,540 --> 00:38:36,580 如今在全美流行起来。 are now getting popular across America. 753 00:38:36,580 --> 00:38:40,080 1859年，里奇小说中的部分内容 In 1859, portions of Ridge's novel 754 00:38:40,080 --> 00:38:43,330 被《加州警察公报》剽窃。 are plagiarized by the California Police Gazette. 755 00:38:44,540 --> 00:38:47,620 但这个版本的故事做了一些改动。 But this version of the story makes several changes. 756 00:38:47,620 --> 00:38:50,250 华金被描绘成一个恶棍， Joaquin is portrayed as a villain, 757 00:38:50,250 --> 00:38:52,700 一个为钱杀人的强盗， a robber who killed for money, 758 00:38:52,700 --> 00:38:55,750 而追捕他的队伍则成了英雄。 and the posse that hunts him down are the heroes. 759 00:38:55,750 --> 00:38:59,040 - 这个故事被一再重述， - The story gets retold and retold, 760 00:38:59,040 --> 00:39:01,750 出现在19世纪的廉价小说中， dime novels of the 19th century, 761 00:39:01,750 --> 00:39:04,410 并一直延续到20世纪初。 and then into the early 20th century. 762 00:39:05,540 --> 00:39:07,330 - 它被翻译成法语、 - It's translated into French, 763 00:39:07,330 --> 00:39:09,370 西班牙语和其他语言。 into Spanish, into other languages. 764 00:39:09,370 --> 00:39:12,040 在智利和阿根廷重新出版。 It's republished in Chile and Argentina. 765 00:39:12,040 --> 00:39:15,370 随着时间的推移，亡命徒华金的故事 Over time, the story of Joaquin the outlaw 766 00:39:15,370 --> 00:39:19,370 被复仇英雄的叙事所取代。 is overtaken by the narrative of an avenging hero. 767 00:39:19,370 --> 00:39:22,540 一首流行的西班牙民谣描绘他 A popular Spanish folk ballad depicts him 768 00:39:22,540 --> 00:39:25,950 在不公正的社会中保护他的人民。 defending his people in an unjust society. 769 00:39:25,950 --> 00:39:30,950 华金因此被称为"埃尔多拉多的罗宾汉"。 And Joaquin becomes known as the "Robin Hood of El Dorado". 770 00:39:31,160 --> 00:39:34,700 - 里奇将华金塑造成一个富有同情心的义警、 - Ridge's narrative of Joaquin as this sympathetic vigilante, 771 00:39:34,700 --> 00:39:37,700 寻求正义公道的弱者， the underdog seeking righteous justice, 772 00:39:37,700 --> 00:39:40,500 编织了一张更广阔的故事网 creates this wider web of stories 773 00:39:40,500 --> 00:39:42,700 和关于华金这个人物的传说。 and legends about this Joaquin character. 774 00:39:44,040 --> 00:39:47,160 - 他在与入侵的美国人、 - He was fighting against the invading Americans, 775 00:39:47,160 --> 00:39:49,410 美国佬、外国佬作斗争， the Yankee, the gringo, 776 00:39:49,410 --> 00:39:52,750 因此他在很多方面被提升为 so he's elevated to 777 00:39:52,750 --> 00:39:55,870 一个民间传说中的英雄。 a folkloric hero in lots of ways. 778 00:39:55,870 --> 00:39:58,450 在华金死后的几十年里， In the decades after Joaquin's death, 779 00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:03,330 加利福尼亚将从无法无天的采矿中心 California will transform from a lawless mining hub 780 00:40:03,330 --> 00:40:05,790 转变为一个经济繁荣多元的地区。 into a booming and diverse economy. 781 00:40:05,790 --> 00:40:08,580 - 人们意识到赚钱的途径， - People realize there's money to be made, 782 00:40:08,580 --> 00:40:10,500 不仅仅是采集黄金， not simply from gathering the gold, 783 00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:12,870 还在于吸引人们来到加利福尼亚。 but from attracting people to California. 784 00:40:12,870 --> 00:40:15,450 - 人们一旦到达那里，就意识到 - Once people got there, they realized 785 00:40:15,450 --> 00:40:18,000 四面八方都有黄金。 that there was gold in every direction. 786 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,660 有像中央山谷这样肥沃的山谷， There were fertile valleys like the Central Valley, 787 00:40:20,660 --> 00:40:24,500 如今出产全美五分之一的粮食。 which now produces one-fifth of all the food in America. 788 00:40:24,500 --> 00:40:26,950 家庭开始到来 Families start to come 789 00:40:26,950 --> 00:40:29,040 他们不再住在棚户区， and instead of living in shanty towns, 790 00:40:29,040 --> 00:40:30,660 而是建立社区。 they built communities. 791 00:40:30,660 --> 00:40:33,580 治安维持制度被实际的警察部队、 Vigilantism is replaced by actual police forces, 792 00:40:33,580 --> 00:40:36,540 法院和司法系统所取代。 and courts, and judicial systems. 793 00:40:36,540 --> 00:40:38,910 因此加利福尼亚不再是一个边疆地区 And so California ceases to be a frontier place 794 00:40:38,910 --> 00:40:43,040 而成为美国人永久定居的地方。 and becomes a place of permanent American settlement. 795 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:45,750 即使加利福尼亚在变化， Even as California changes, 796 00:40:45,750 --> 00:40:48,790 华金的传奇依然延续。 the legend of Joaquin lives on. 797 00:40:49,870 --> 00:40:53,660 - 作为一个在20世纪50年代洛杉矶长大的孩子， - As a kid growing up in Los Angeles in the 1950s, 798 00:40:53,660 --> 00:40:56,620 你不可能不知道华金·穆列塔。 you couldn't help but know about Joaquin Murrieta. 799 00:40:56,620 --> 00:41:00,410 我从我父亲那里听说，然后在电视上看到。 I heard it from my father, and then saw it on television. 800 00:41:00,410 --> 00:41:03,410 - 华金·穆列塔已经 embody 了一种观念， - Joaquin Murrieta has come to embody the sense 801 00:41:03,410 --> 00:41:06,540 即一个人可以重塑自我， of possibility that one could reinvent oneself, 802 00:41:06,540 --> 00:41:08,450 无论是作为矿工还是作为匪徒， whether as a miner or as a bandit, 803 00:41:08,450 --> 00:41:09,830 并寻求不同的东西。 and seek something different. 804 00:41:10,830 --> 00:41:13,950 - 所以华金的故事实际上与其他 - So the story of Joaquin is really of a piece 805 00:41:13,950 --> 00:41:16,500 关于美国西部那些传奇人物的故事 with other stories about larger than life figures 806 00:41:16,500 --> 00:41:17,580 是一脉相承的。 in the American West. 807 00:41:17,580 --> 00:41:18,830 西部的大亡命徒， Great outlaws of the West, 808 00:41:18,830 --> 00:41:21,330 比如杰西·詹姆斯，以及这类 the Jesse James, and the kind of people 809 00:41:21,330 --> 00:41:23,450 出现在西部文学中的人物。 who emerge in this Western literature. 810 00:41:24,580 --> 00:41:26,290 - 神话与现实常常， - Myth and reality often, 811 00:41:26,290 --> 00:41:28,250 就像关于西部的许多事情一样， as in so much about the West, 812 00:41:28,250 --> 00:41:29,540 相互混淆， get conflated with one another, 813 00:41:29,540 --> 00:41:30,870 相互纠缠， get entangled with one another, 814 00:41:30,870 --> 00:41:33,450 难以区分彼此， gets hard to distinguish one from the other, 815 00:41:33,450 --> 00:41:35,700 最终有时最重要的 and ultimately sometimes what matters most 816 00:41:35,700 --> 00:41:37,700 是人们相信什么是真的。 is what people believe to be true. 817 00:41:37,700 --> 00:41:40,160 如果人们相信华金·穆列塔， If people believe in Joaquin Murrieta, 818 00:41:40,160 --> 00:41:43,120 那么也许这最终才是最重要的。 then maybe that's ultimately what matters most. 819 00:41:48,870 --> 00:41:52,120 - 哈里·拉夫队长展示的那个被割下的头颅 - The severed head displayed by Captain Harry Love 820 00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:53,500 最终在1906年 is eventually destroyed 821 00:41:53,500 --> 00:41:56,580 旧金山的一场地震中被毁。 in a San Francisco earthquake in 1906. 822 00:41:56,580 --> 00:41:57,950 没有人会知道 Nobody will ever know 823 00:41:57,950 --> 00:42:00,540 它是否真的属于华金·穆列塔。 if it truly belonged to Joaquin Murrieta. 824 00:42:00,540 --> 00:42:03,250 但穆列塔的传说揭示了 But the Murrieta legend reveals the turmoil 825 00:42:03,250 --> 00:42:05,580 加利福尼亚淘金热的动荡， of the California gold rush, 826 00:42:05,580 --> 00:42:08,040 将一个墨西哥亡命徒 transforming a Mexican outlaw 827 00:42:08,040 --> 00:42:10,160 转变为为民请命的民间英雄。 into a folk hero fighting for the oppressed. 828 00:42:11,250 --> 00:42:12,870 在接下来的几年里， Over the following years, 829 00:42:12,870 --> 00:42:15,870 随着定居者继续涌向西部， as settlers continue to flock West, 830 00:42:15,870 --> 00:42:18,700 另一个传奇人物将会出现。 another legendary figure will emerge. 831 00:42:18,700 --> 00:42:21,700 这次是在堪萨斯平原， This time in the Kansas Plains, 832 00:42:21,700 --> 00:42:24,790 约翰·布朗将留下一路暴力， John Brown will leave violence in his wake 833 00:42:24,790 --> 00:42:28,620 他的行动将有助于推动国家走向内战。 and his actions will help push the nation towards Civil War.