1 00:00:01,910 --> 00:00:04,580 - 是什么会让你离开家人和故土 - What would cause you to leave your family and your home 2 00:00:04,580 --> 00:00:06,000 远赴一个 and travel to a place 3 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:08,040 几乎无人懂你语言的地方？ where almost no one speaks your language? 4 00:00:08,040 --> 00:00:09,870 无人与你样貌相似 No one looks like you. 5 00:00:09,870 --> 00:00:12,000 你的习俗格格不入 Your customs are foreign, 6 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:13,910 若你陷入困境 and where if you get in trouble, 7 00:00:13,910 --> 00:00:15,870 举目无亲无人相助 no one you know is around to help. 8 00:00:16,410 --> 00:00:20,750 对许多人而言，驱使他们西行的是土地的承诺 For many, what drove them west was the promise of land. 9 00:00:20,750 --> 00:00:22,410 对少数人来说，是信仰 For a few, it was their faith, 10 00:00:22,410 --> 00:00:24,540 正是信仰促使基督教传教士纳西莎 and that's what moved Christian missionaries Narcissa 11 00:00:24,540 --> 00:00:28,450 和马库斯·惠特曼横跨大陆 and Marcus Whitman to travel across the continent. 12 00:00:28,450 --> 00:00:30,750 他们沿着俄勒冈小道的旅程 Their journey along the Oregon Trail 13 00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:33,450 将激励成千上万人追随 will inspire thousands to follow, 14 00:00:33,450 --> 00:00:36,870 并引发与一个原住民部落的宿命相遇 and spark a fateful encounter with a Native nation 15 00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:39,540 这场相遇将重新定义太平洋西北地区 that redefines the Pacific Northwest. 16 00:00:44,290 --> 00:00:46,200 - 人们生活在神话中 - People live on myths, 17 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:49,580 在美国经历中真正扎根的神话 and the myths that really stick in the American experience 18 00:00:49,580 --> 00:00:51,040 正是西部神话 are the myths of the West. 19 00:00:53,370 --> 00:00:56,040 山更高大，沙漠更严酷 The mountains were taller, the deserts were harsher. 20 00:00:56,040 --> 00:00:58,120 积雪更深厚 The snows were deeper. 21 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:03,080 - 美国西部唤起惊奇、可能与机遇 - American West conjures wonder, possibility, opportunity. 22 00:01:03,910 --> 00:01:05,370 - 山地人的形象 - The figure of the mountain man. 23 00:01:05,370 --> 00:01:06,830 恶名昭彰的法外之徒 Notorious outlaws. 24 00:01:07,790 --> 00:01:09,290 - 牛仔 - The cowboy. 25 00:01:09,290 --> 00:01:12,200 - 加利福尼亚发现黄金 - The discovery of gold in California. 26 00:01:12,200 --> 00:01:14,290 这列货车队伍蜿蜒 This train of wagons trailing 27 00:01:14,290 --> 00:01:16,370 穿越草原 across the prairie. 28 00:01:16,370 --> 00:01:19,700 - 每个人都渴望这片土地的理由 - Everybody has a reason for wanting this land. 29 00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:24,370 - 但那片土地大多已有主 - But most of that land was already occupied. 30 00:01:28,250 --> 00:01:32,700 - 我们在此居住已逾万年 - We have been residents for more than 10,000 years. 31 00:01:32,700 --> 00:01:35,200 - 但这是两种不同生活观念的冲突 - But this is a clash of two different ways 32 00:01:35,200 --> 00:01:38,910 关乎生命本质，一方为家园未来而战 of seeing life itself, fighting for the future 33 00:01:38,910 --> 00:01:40,910 另一方 of your homeland on the one side, 34 00:01:42,500 --> 00:01:44,870 则为新共和国的命运而战 and fighting for the destiny of the new republic 35 00:01:44,870 --> 00:01:47,700 而战 on the other side. 36 00:01:50,250 --> 00:01:52,830 西部历史是一部创世故事 The history of the West is a creation story. 37 00:01:54,450 --> 00:01:56,870 它创造了我们心目中的现代美国 It's a creation of what we think of as modern America. 38 00:01:58,370 --> 00:02:00,660 - 西部是万事皆有可能之地 - The West is a place where anything is possible. 39 00:02:02,700 --> 00:02:05,410 它是美国梦的精髓 It is the essence of the American dream. 40 00:02:06,870 --> 00:02:09,620 - 核心在于，我们作为一个国家将成何样？ - The core of this is, what are we to be as a nation? 41 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:12,540 清算之日将至 The reckoning is coming. 42 00:02:12,540 --> 00:02:14,540 西部是这幅画布 The West is this canvas 43 00:02:14,540 --> 00:02:18,160 美国梦想在此变得超越现实 on which American dreams become larger than life. 44 00:02:28,410 --> 00:02:30,870 时为1836年 The year is 1836, 45 00:02:30,870 --> 00:02:33,700 安德鲁·杰克逊总统任期的最后一年 the final year of Andrew Jackson's presidency. 46 00:02:35,330 --> 00:02:38,040 美国现拥有24个州 The US now has 24 states 47 00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:40,160 及四个领地，横跨 and four territories stretching 48 00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:42,120 密西西比河 across the Mississippi River, 49 00:02:43,370 --> 00:02:47,160 但美国人已将目光投向太平洋沿岸 but the Americans have their eyes on the Pacific coast. 50 00:02:47,160 --> 00:02:49,370 加利福尼亚属于墨西哥 California is part of Mexico, 51 00:02:50,330 --> 00:02:52,750 而俄勒冈地区则悬而未决 but Oregon Country is up for grabs. 52 00:02:56,160 --> 00:02:58,040 - 定居点一直连绵不断 - Settlement had been continuous 53 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:00,370 从弗吉尼亚海岸线 from the Virginia coastline, 54 00:03:00,370 --> 00:03:03,950 马萨诸塞海岸线，甚至跨越密西西比河 the Massachusetts coastline, even across the Mississippi. 55 00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:06,540 然后你会遇到这片干旱区域 Then you run into this arid region, 56 00:03:07,870 --> 00:03:09,700 从大平原边缘直至 from the edge of the Great Plains till you get 57 00:03:09,700 --> 00:03:12,620 俄勒冈山脉多雨的一侧 to the rainy side of the mountains in Oregon. 58 00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:15,660 因此在1830年代，定居者必须 And so in the 1830s, the settlement has 59 00:03:15,660 --> 00:03:17,620 完成这次大跨越，倘若你 to make this big jump if you're gonna, 60 00:03:17,620 --> 00:03:19,500 是寻找土地的农民 if you're farmers looking for land. 61 00:03:20,700 --> 00:03:24,450 - 这是伟大美国沙漠之外的绿洲 - This is the green place beyond the great American desert 62 00:03:24,450 --> 00:03:26,290 只要你能抵达 where if you can just get there, 63 00:03:26,290 --> 00:03:29,540 前方就有生活的可能 there's a possibility of a life ahead. 64 00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:32,500 俄勒冈地区绵延 Oregon Country stretches 65 00:03:32,500 --> 00:03:36,000 从大陆分水岭至太平洋沿岸 from the Continental Divide to the Pacific coast, 66 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:37,200 从加利福尼亚北缘 and from the northern edge 67 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:40,160 直抵阿拉斯加 of California all the way up to Alaska. 68 00:03:41,950 --> 00:03:43,750 英国和美国都宣称 Britain and America both lay claim 69 00:03:43,750 --> 00:03:46,660 对该地区的主权，仅因曾勘探过 to the region simply for having explored it. 70 00:03:48,700 --> 00:03:53,540 1792年，毛皮商人罗伯特·格雷成为首位 In 1792, fur trader Robert Gray was the first American 71 00:03:53,540 --> 00:03:56,250 驶入哥伦比亚河的美国人 to navigate into the Columbia River, 72 00:03:56,250 --> 00:03:58,330 他以自己的船名为之命名 which he named after his ship. 73 00:03:59,620 --> 00:04:01,870 英国将其主权主张追溯至 Britain traces its claim to the voyage 74 00:04:01,870 --> 00:04:06,700 詹姆斯·库克船长的航行，他于1778年航至温哥华 of Captain James Cook, who sailed to Vancouver in 1778, 75 00:04:08,370 --> 00:04:12,370 但在两国于1812年战争交锋后 but after the two nations clash in the War of 1812, 76 00:04:12,370 --> 00:04:14,580 双方都不愿再动干戈 neither side wants to fight again. 77 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:19,200 于是在1818年，他们同意 And so in 1818, they agree 78 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:22,410 共同占领太平洋西北地区 to jointly occupy the Pacific Northwest. 79 00:04:23,750 --> 00:04:26,870 - 英国在西海岸的定居印记 - The British have a much bigger settlement imprint 80 00:04:26,870 --> 00:04:28,000 远为深刻 on the West Coast. 81 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:29,290 哈德逊湾公司是 The Hudson Bay Company was one 82 00:04:29,290 --> 00:04:30,750 这些加拿大毛皮公司之一 of these Canadian fur companies 83 00:04:30,750 --> 00:04:33,910 在俄勒冈地区拥有相当完善的基础设施 that has a fairly elaborate infrastructure 84 00:04:33,910 --> 00:04:35,250 美国则几乎一无所有 in the Oregon Country. 85 00:04:35,250 --> 00:04:36,910 美国则几乎一无所有 The US doesn't have much at all. 86 00:04:38,040 --> 00:04:40,660 - 存在一种国家层面的激励 - There was this national incentive 87 00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:43,330 要让美国人踏上那片土地 to put Americans on the ground there. 88 00:04:43,330 --> 00:04:45,370 如果那里充满美国人 If the place fills up with Americans, 89 00:04:45,370 --> 00:04:46,790 那么美国将比英国 then the United States is gonna have a better claim 90 00:04:46,790 --> 00:04:47,870 拥有更強的主权主张 than the British. 91 00:04:50,950 --> 00:04:53,410 首批抵达俄勒冈地区的人 The first men to arrive in Oregon Country 92 00:04:53,410 --> 00:04:56,000 是探险家、捕兽者和商人 are explorers, trappers, and traders. 93 00:04:57,540 --> 00:05:00,200 他们传回的故事讲述肥沃土地 They send back stories of fertile lands, 94 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:02,250 丰饶的自然资源 rich and natural resources. 95 00:05:03,790 --> 00:05:06,160 - 在西部你能廉价获得土地 - You could get land cheap in the West, 96 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:09,540 在俄勒冈则能免费获得 and you could get land in Oregon free. 97 00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:11,790 你可以直接去那里宣称所有权 You could just go out there and claim it, 98 00:05:11,790 --> 00:05:15,700 因为当时的美国人不承认 because Americans at that time did not recognize 99 00:05:15,700 --> 00:05:18,870 生活在任何领土上的美洲原住民 that the Native American peoples living on any territory 100 00:05:18,870 --> 00:05:21,040 拥有土地所有权 had title to the land. 101 00:05:28,790 --> 00:05:31,580 - 我们族人世居的广袤土地 - The expansive land that was known 102 00:05:31,580 --> 00:05:36,370 从哥伦比亚河源头延伸数百万英亩 to our people was millions of acres from the source 103 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:40,830 从不列颠哥伦比亚直至海洋 of the Columbia River in British Columbia to the ocean. 104 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:44,000 我们是那片土地上唯一的居民 We're the only people in that landscape 105 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:47,830 已在此居住超过万年 who have been residents for more than 10,000 years. 106 00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:51,870 对美国人而言，通往太平洋海岸 For Americans, the most direct route 107 00:05:51,870 --> 00:05:55,250 最直接的路线是一段艰辛旅程 to the Pacific Coast is an arduous journey. 108 00:05:55,250 --> 00:05:57,950 需陆路穿越两座山脉 over land across two mountain ranges. 109 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:03,540 你有勇气踏上这趟旅程吗？ Do you have the courage to make the trip? 110 00:06:04,700 --> 00:06:07,580 - 但随后传教士开始抵达 - But then the missionaries begin to arrive. 111 00:06:11,790 --> 00:06:13,450 - 19世纪前三分之一末期 - There's a series of events toward the end 112 00:06:13,450 --> 00:06:15,250 发生了一系列事件 of the first third of the 19th century. 113 00:06:15,250 --> 00:06:17,540 它被称为"第二次大觉醒" It's called the Second Great Awakening. 114 00:06:17,540 --> 00:06:21,290 这是福音派基督教的复兴 It's the revival of evangelical Christianity, 115 00:06:21,290 --> 00:06:25,450 信仰福音书和圣经字面真理 a belief in the literal veracity of the gospels 116 00:06:25,450 --> 00:06:28,200 同时也呼吁 and the Bible, but also a call 117 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:30,870 引领他人皈依基督教信仰 to bring others to the Christian faith. 118 00:06:33,410 --> 00:06:35,870 - 它确实点燃了许多人 - It really inflames a lot of individuals, 119 00:06:35,870 --> 00:06:38,540 你激动地要带着所有这些热忱 and you're excited to take all of this fervor, 120 00:06:38,540 --> 00:06:40,660 所有这火焰，所有这激情 all this fire, all this passion, 121 00:06:40,660 --> 00:06:43,040 将福音传播到异域他乡 and disseminate the word into foreign lands, 122 00:06:43,040 --> 00:06:44,540 在那个特定时期 and at that particular time, 123 00:06:44,540 --> 00:06:47,410 异域指的是密西西比河以西的任何地方 foreign land was anything west of the Mississippi. 124 00:06:47,410 --> 00:06:49,540 - 整个理念是为归化印第安人 - The whole idea is to convert the Indians. 125 00:06:49,540 --> 00:06:52,750 事实上，如果他们同时促成了 Now, if in fact they also facilitate the settlement 126 00:06:52,750 --> 00:06:56,040 其他白人在俄勒冈的定居，我想那也是好事 of Oregon by other white people, I mean that's good too. 127 00:06:58,950 --> 00:07:01,330 - 传教士们听到一个故事 - Missionaries are hearing a story that, 128 00:07:01,330 --> 00:07:03,700 在他们听来，如此诱人 to them, is so delicious. 129 00:07:03,700 --> 00:07:06,200 他们听说有四名印第安人 They hear that four Indians 130 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:09,410 从太平洋西北地区旅行至圣路易斯 from the Pacific Northwest traveled to St. Louis 131 00:07:09,410 --> 00:07:13,000 以获取更多关于基督教的信息 to get more information about Christianity. 132 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:16,790 - 若有人说："把福音带给我们" - If somebody says, "Bring the gospel to us," 133 00:07:16,790 --> 00:07:20,750 作为虔诚的福音派基督徒，你怎能拒绝？ how, as a good evangelical Christian, how can you say no? 134 00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:23,870 - 我们并非寻找不同的神 - We weren't looking for a different God. 135 00:07:23,870 --> 00:07:26,870 我们寻找的是白人力量的源泉 We were looking for the source of the white men's power 136 00:07:26,870 --> 00:07:29,700 那让他们拥有这些技术 that allowed them to have these technologies 137 00:07:29,700 --> 00:07:32,500 我们所没有的，他们的枪、金属壶 that we did not have, their guns and their metal kettles 138 00:07:32,500 --> 00:07:34,200 钢制陷阱，诸如此类 and their steel traps, you name it. 139 00:07:36,370 --> 00:07:38,200 基督徒误以为 The Christians mistakenly believe 140 00:07:38,200 --> 00:07:41,250 这些原住民访客代表了所有 that the Native visitors speak for all Indigenous people 141 00:07:41,250 --> 00:07:43,700 太平洋西北地区的原住民 of the Pacific Northwest. 142 00:07:43,700 --> 00:07:48,250 传教的呼声响彻东部各州 The call to mission sounds out across the eastern states. 143 00:07:48,250 --> 00:07:52,330 对纽约州北部的年轻女子纳西莎·普伦蒂斯而言 For Narcissa Prentiss, a young woman in upstate New York, 144 00:07:52,330 --> 00:07:53,950 这引起了共鸣 it strikes a chord. 145 00:07:53,950 --> 00:07:58,200 - 她领导复兴活动，教授主日学校 - She leads revivals, she teaches Sunday school, 146 00:07:58,200 --> 00:08:02,330 因此她非常笃信 and so she becomes very dedicated to the idea 147 00:08:02,330 --> 00:08:04,370 传教士的使命 that a missionary vocation 148 00:08:04,370 --> 00:08:06,790 确实适合她 is really the right thing for her. 149 00:08:06,790 --> 00:08:09,160 她写信请求 She writes a letter requesting support 150 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:11,370 教会传道委员会的支持 from the church mission board. 151 00:08:11,370 --> 00:08:12,450 - 美国海外传道委员会 - The American Board of 152 00:08:12,450 --> 00:08:13,660 这个机构 Commissioners for Foreign Missions 153 00:08:13,830 --> 00:08:16,580 会筹集资金支持新教传教活动 would gather money to support Protestant missions 154 00:08:16,580 --> 00:08:18,870 向海外传播福音 to spread the gospel abroad, 155 00:08:18,870 --> 00:08:22,080 也支持在美国西部边疆的传教 but also in the American West on the frontier. 156 00:08:23,370 --> 00:08:27,040 - 1836年，女性在美国的权利极其有限 - In 1836, women had so few rights in America. 157 00:08:27,040 --> 00:08:29,410 已婚女性不能拥有财产 They could not own property if they were married. 158 00:08:29,410 --> 00:08:31,750 不能签订合法契约 They could not write a legal contract, 159 00:08:31,750 --> 00:08:34,870 最重要的是没有选举权 and the most important thing is they could not vote, 160 00:08:34,870 --> 00:08:37,950 这意味着她们无法改变自己的命运 which meant that they couldn't change their lot in life. 161 00:08:37,950 --> 00:08:40,700 这就是为什么纳西莎如此不可思议 This is why it's so incredible that Narcissa, 162 00:08:40,700 --> 00:08:42,750 作为一名单身女性，竟计划独自 as a single woman, was planning to go 163 00:08:42,750 --> 00:08:45,120 前往俄勒冈 by herself over to Oregon. 164 00:08:46,500 --> 00:08:48,950 传道委员会告诉纳西莎 The missionary board tells Narcissa 165 00:08:48,950 --> 00:08:51,700 他们不会派遣女性进入印第安人地区 they will not send a woman into Indian country 166 00:08:51,700 --> 00:08:53,290 除非她已结婚 unless she is married. 167 00:08:55,870 --> 00:08:59,750 - 马库斯·惠特曼是纽约州北部 - Marcus Whitman is a 32-year-old doctor 168 00:08:59,750 --> 00:09:01,410 一位32岁的医生 in upstate New York. 169 00:09:01,410 --> 00:09:03,700 他是福音派基督徒 He is an evangelical Christian. 170 00:09:04,870 --> 00:09:06,620 但他厌倦了行医 But he's bored by being a doctor. 171 00:09:06,620 --> 00:09:09,000 这份工作毫无激情 There's no excitement in it. 172 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:12,120 - 他向美国传道委员会提出申请 - He applies to the American Missionary Board, 173 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:16,000 委员会不太愿意派遣单身男性前往 and they're not too keen on sending him out as a single man. 174 00:09:17,080 --> 00:09:20,040 于是他们鼓励他结婚 And so they encourage him to get married, 175 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:24,450 他在纳西莎·普伦蒂斯身上 and he finds a suitable candidate in the figure 176 00:09:24,450 --> 00:09:26,870 找到了合适人选 of Narcissa Prentiss. 177 00:09:26,870 --> 00:09:28,870 - 你需要丈夫，我需要妻子 - You need a husband, I need a wife. 178 00:09:28,870 --> 00:09:30,750 于是他们结合，结婚 And so they get together, they get married, 179 00:09:30,750 --> 00:09:31,790 然后一同向传道委员会提出申请 and then they present themselves to the Mission Board. 180 00:09:31,910 --> 00:09:34,540 此时传道委员会无法拒绝 And the Mission Board at this point can't say no. 181 00:09:35,750 --> 00:09:39,540 前往俄勒冈地区是3000英里的旅程 It's a 3,000 mile journey to Oregon Country. 182 00:09:39,540 --> 00:09:41,370 婚礼次日 The day after their wedding, 183 00:09:41,370 --> 00:09:43,450 马库斯和纳西莎离开了纽约州西部 Marcus and Narcissa leave the comfort 184 00:08:43,450 --> 00:09:45,750 舒适安全的环境 and safety of western New York, 185 00:09:45,750 --> 00:09:47,870 前往密苏里州的利伯蒂 and travel to Liberty, Missouri, 186 00:09:47,870 --> 00:09:50,830 一个位于美国定居点西陲的小镇 a town on the western edge of American settlement. 187 00:09:51,870 --> 00:09:54,040 - 他们不得不乘坐马车 - They had to go by horse and wagon, 188 00:09:54,040 --> 00:09:56,200 然后换乘运河驳船 and then they had to go by canal barges, 189 00:09:56,200 --> 00:09:59,500 有时乘雪橇，当马车 move sometimes on sleighs, and then when the horse 190 00:09:59,500 --> 00:10:02,200 无法通行时，他们只能步行 and wagon didn't work, they'd have to walk. 191 00:10:02,200 --> 00:10:05,830 他们承受着酷热、雨雪 They're subject to the heat and the rain and the snow. 192 00:10:05,830 --> 00:10:07,830 这难以想象 It's incomprehensible. 193 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:11,700 纳西莎记录了旅行日记 Narcissa kept a journal of her travels. 194 00:10:11,700 --> 00:10:13,750 我想我能很好地忍受这段旅程 I think I shall endure the journey well, 195 00:10:13,750 --> 00:10:15,870 或许比我们中任何人都更好 perhaps better than any of the rest of us. 196 00:10:15,870 --> 00:10:17,450 此刻我感觉我们 It seems to me now that we 197 00:10:17,450 --> 00:10:20,500 已处于文明世界的边缘 are on the very borders of civilization. 198 00:10:20,500 --> 00:10:22,580 - 他们与另一对夫妇同行 - They go with another couple, 199 00:10:22,580 --> 00:10:25,200 亨利·斯波尔丁牧师及其妻子伊莱扎 Reverend Henry Spalding and his wife Eliza. 200 00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:27,290 这是一段七个月的旅程 It's a seven-month journey. 201 00:10:27,290 --> 00:10:30,500 - 1830年代初，通往俄勒冈的 - In the early 1830s, there really wasn't much 202 00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:32,200 小路其实并不多 of a trail to Oregon. 203 00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:35,950 那是捕兽人走的小道，马车无法通行 It was a trapper's trail. You couldn't get a wagon over it. 204 00:10:35,950 --> 00:10:39,700 所以这确实是一段非常艰苦的旅程 And so it was really a tough, tough journey. 205 00:10:39,700 --> 00:10:42,040 - 马库斯·惠特曼认识到，他所理解的 - Marcus Whitman recognizes that the only way 206 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:44,040 基督教文明能在俄勒冈扎根 that Christian civilization as he perceives 207 00:10:44,040 --> 00:10:46,040 的唯一途径是 is gonna be planted in Oregon is, 208 00:10:46,040 --> 00:10:49,700 关键在于，当你能让女性前来 and this is crucial, when you can get women to come out, 209 00:10:49,700 --> 00:10:51,750 因为如果只有毛皮商人 because if it's just the fur traders, 210 00:10:51,750 --> 00:10:53,410 如果只有探险家 if it's just the explorers, 211 00:10:53,410 --> 00:10:56,000 他们无法创建定居社会 they don't create a settled society. 212 00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:58,290 于是马库斯·惠特曼下定决心 So Marcus Whitman gets it in his head he 213 00:10:58,290 --> 00:11:00,750 要找到一条马车道路 is going to find a wagon road. 214 00:11:02,410 --> 00:11:04,200 马车被视为关键 The wagon was considered crucial, 215 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:08,250 因为马车是那个时代的搬家货车 because a wagon was the moving van of its era. 216 00:11:09,370 --> 00:11:12,450 - 想象一下乘坐马车 - Just imagine how difficult it would be to go 217 00:11:12,450 --> 00:11:15,040 前往俄勒冈有多困难 to Oregon in a cart. 218 00:11:15,040 --> 00:11:18,950 但如果这位美国女性美德的美好典范 But if this delicate example of American female virtue 219 00:11:18,950 --> 00:11:22,290 能做到，我想大门就敞开了 could do it, I guess the door's open. 220 00:11:23,910 --> 00:11:25,750 - 所以成为传教士的人，首先 - So the people who become missionaries, first of all, 221 00:11:25,750 --> 00:11:28,910 他们完全坚信自己所做之事 they're utterly convinced of the importance 222 00:11:28,910 --> 00:11:30,750 的重要性 of what it is they're doing. 223 00:11:30,750 --> 00:11:33,830 这能给予他们勇气去做 So this can give them courage to do things 224 00:11:33,830 --> 00:11:38,250 大多数人不做的事，因为怀着这种心态 that most people don't do, because with this mindset, 225 00:11:38,250 --> 00:11:40,200 当你遇到危险情况时，你会想 when you encounter some dangerous situation, say, 226 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:41,870 最坏能发生什么？ what's the worst that can happen to me? 227 00:11:41,870 --> 00:11:43,040 我可能会死，但死后能上天堂 I'll get killed. I'll die and go to heaven. 228 00:11:49,290 --> 00:11:52,370 沿着传统的原住民小道行进 Traveling along traditional Native trails, 229 00:11:52,370 --> 00:11:56,080 传教士纳西莎和马库斯·惠特曼缓慢穿越 missionaries Narcissa and Marcus Whitman slowly traverse 230 00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:58,950 大平原，前往俄勒冈地区 the Great Plains on their way to Oregon Country. 231 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:03,000 - 纳西莎对未来的憧憬 - Narcissa's view of what was in store 232 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:05,950 确实非常田园诗般 for her was really very idyllic. 233 00:12:05,950 --> 00:12:09,540 她没想象过要乘坐马车旅行 She didn't imagine traveling by wagon. 234 00:12:09,540 --> 00:12:14,700 没有减震装置，你被颠得东倒西歪 There's no shocks, and you are jostled from pillar to post. 235 00:12:15,870 --> 00:12:17,750 - 可能酷热，可能寒冷，可能下雨 - It can be hot, it can be cold, it can be raining, 236 00:12:17,750 --> 00:12:19,620 可能打雷，可能闪电 it can be thundering, it can be lightning. 237 00:12:19,620 --> 00:12:24,330 你可能颠簸着驶过车辙、岩石、树桩 You can be smashing through ruts, over rocks, over stumps. 238 00:12:24,330 --> 00:12:26,660 持续不断，无休无止 It goes on and on and on. 239 00:12:26,660 --> 00:12:28,700 自从我们来到这里 Since we have been here, 240 00:12:28,700 --> 00:12:30,330 我们把帐篷搭得足够大 we have made our tent large enough for us all 241 00:12:30,330 --> 00:12:32,540 让我们所有人都能睡下，真像个小家庭 to sleep under, quite a little family. 242 00:12:36,290 --> 00:12:38,200 - 其中一个巨大的讽刺是，马库斯 - One of the great ironies is that Marcus 243 00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,330 和纳西莎·惠特曼西行时 and Narcissa Whitman travel west, 244 00:12:41,330 --> 00:12:44,080 与亨利·斯波尔丁同行 along with Henry Spalding, 245 00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:48,790 一个纳西莎曾拒绝其求婚的男人 a man Narcissa had rejected in a proposal of marriage, 246 00:12:48,790 --> 00:12:50,910 而他竟与惠特曼夫妇睡在同一顶帐篷里 and he's sleeping in the same tent 247 00:12:50,910 --> 00:12:53,830 在他们的蜜月期间 with the Whitmans on their honeymoon, 248 00:12:53,830 --> 00:12:56,120 那时他们怀上了唯一的孩子 a time when they conceived their only child. 249 00:12:57,120 --> 00:12:59,870 - 在那次旅途中怀孕是 - Pregnancy on that trip was one 250 00:12:59,870 --> 00:13:02,330 可能发生在你身上最危险的事情之一 of the most dangerous things that could happen to you. 251 00:13:02,330 --> 00:13:05,540 如果你有孕吐，行程也不会为你停止 There's no stopping for you if you have morning sickness. 252 00:13:05,540 --> 00:13:09,290 如果你流产，行程也不会为你停止 There's no stopping for you if you have a miscarriage. 253 00:13:09,290 --> 00:13:12,700 正是这类事情给女性带来了额外压力 And so that's the kind of thing that creates extra pressures 254 00:13:12,700 --> 00:13:16,620 在这漫长迁徙中的女性身上 for women on these long, long migrations. 255 00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:21,540 惠特曼夫妇和斯波尔丁夫妇 The Whitmans and the Spaldings 256 00:13:21,540 --> 00:13:25,160 经由南通道穿越落基山脉 cross the Rocky Mountains by way of the South Pass, 257 00:13:25,160 --> 00:13:27,660 这条路线深受肖松尼族人青睐 a route favored by the Shoshone people. 258 00:13:31,700 --> 00:13:34,950 1836年7月，纳西莎 In July of 1836, Narcissa 259 00:13:34,950 --> 00:13:37,950 和伊莱扎成为首批 and Eliza become the first American women 260 00:13:37,950 --> 00:13:40,790 完成这段穿越大陆分水岭旅程的美国女性 to make this journey over the Continental Divide. 261 00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:50,160 - 他们西行途中，在如今的怀俄明州 - As they travel west, they meet for a rendezvous 262 00:13:50,750 --> 00:13:52,200 参加了一次聚会 in what is now Wyoming. 263 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:53,950 地点在落基山脉的南通道 It's South Pass in the Rockies. 264 00:13:57,330 --> 00:13:58,700 每年一次 Once a year, 265 00:13:58,700 --> 00:14:00,620 在距离美国定居点数英里外 miles from the edge of American settlement, 266 00:14:00,620 --> 00:14:05,200 一座临时城市拔地而起，居住着法国、英国 a temporary city springs up, populated by French, British 267 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:08,080 和美国的毛皮捕兽者和商人 and American fur trappers and traders, 268 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:11,790 以及来自平原各地的数百名美洲原住民 and hundreds of Native Americans from across the plains. 269 00:14:12,580 --> 00:14:14,290 - 这些聚会点是 - These rendezvous are where 270 00:14:14,290 --> 00:14:18,370 所有独立毛皮捕兽者现身的地方 all these independent fur trappers show up. 271 00:14:18,370 --> 00:14:21,910 你知道，喝酒、赌博、斗殴 You know, drinking, gambling, fighting, 272 00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:24,330 嫖娼，无所不有 whoring, the whole thing. 273 00:14:24,330 --> 00:14:27,450 你可以想象，当一些传教士出现在 You can imagine with some missionaries showing up 274 00:14:27,450 --> 00:14:29,910 聚会点时，他们必定目瞪口呆 at a rendezvous, their mouths must have dropped 275 00:14:29,910 --> 00:14:32,830 震惊于所见的一切 in utter shock to see what went on. 276 00:14:34,870 --> 00:14:36,450 在聚会点上 At the rendezvous, 277 00:14:36,450 --> 00:14:40,200 纳西莎与一位传奇山地人乔·米克结为朋友 Narcissa befriends a legendary mountain man named Joe Meek. 278 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:43,000 - 像乔·米克这样的山地人 - Mountain men like Joe Meek 279 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,910 能帮助告诉惠特曼夫妇该去哪里 could help tell the Whitmans where to go, 280 00:14:45,910 --> 00:14:49,040 如何到达，提供当地知识 how to get there, give them local knowledge. 281 00:14:49,040 --> 00:14:51,950 所以山地人成为了非常重要的纽带 And so the mountain men became a very important link 282 00:14:51,950 --> 00:14:55,000 连接着部落与后来的定居者 between the tribes and the settlers who came. 283 00:14:57,910 --> 00:15:00,120 当他们接近俄勒冈地区时 As they approach Oregon Country, 284 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:01,870 传教士们发现前路 the missionaries find their path 285 00:15:01,870 --> 00:15:03,790 比以往更加险峻 is more treacherous than ever. 286 00:15:09,500 --> 00:15:11,370 午前，我们开始翻越 Before noon, we began to descend one 287 00:15:11,370 --> 00:15:13,620 我所见过最可怕的山，其陡峭程度 of the most terrible mountains for steepness 288 00:15:13,620 --> 00:15:15,830 与长度皆然 and length I have yet seen. 289 00:15:15,830 --> 00:15:18,250 下山之路如同旋转楼梯 It was like winding stairs in its descent, 290 00:15:18,250 --> 00:15:20,540 有些地方几乎垂直 and in some places, almost perpendicular. 291 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:25,080 一旦他们抵达俄勒冈地区的 Once they reach the Blue Mountains 292 00:15:25,080 --> 00:15:29,040 蓝山山脉，他们被迫放弃马车 in Oregon Country, they are forced to abandon their wagons 293 00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:30,660 继续骑马前行 and continue on horseback. 294 00:15:32,080 --> 00:15:35,330 最终，在近200天的旅途后 And finally, after almost 200 days on the road, 295 00:15:35,330 --> 00:15:38,830 他们第一眼看到了他们未来的新家 they get their first glimpse of what will be their new home. 296 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:45,200 - 他们筋疲力尽，补给即将耗尽 - They're exhausted, they're running low on provisions, 297 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:47,870 他们翻过最后一座山脉的山脊 and they come over the crest of the last mountain range, 298 00:15:47,870 --> 00:15:51,000 向下望去，感到极大的解脱 and they look down and they have this great sense of relief. 299 00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:53,160 我们成功了 We've made it. 300 00:16:02,330 --> 00:16:04,450 - 这必定令人惊叹不已 - It must have been absolutely amazing 301 00:16:04,450 --> 00:16:09,200 在如此艰辛的旅程之后，意识到这里 after such an arduous journey, and realizing that this 302 00:16:09,200 --> 00:16:11,250 将是你生下孩子的地方 is where you're gonna have your baby, 303 00:16:11,250 --> 00:16:13,410 你心中暗想 and you're thinking to yourself, 304 00:16:13,410 --> 00:16:16,540 "我来此是为了带来真信仰之光 "I've come to bring the light of true religion, 305 00:16:16,540 --> 00:16:19,700 阳光将照耀我的努力" and the sun will shine on my efforts." 306 00:16:19,700 --> 00:16:21,200 但你可能错了 And you might not be right. 307 00:16:25,750 --> 00:16:28,750 1836年秋天，马库斯 In the fall of 1836, Marcus 308 00:16:28,750 --> 00:16:30,620 和纳西莎定居在瓦拉瓦拉附近 and Narcissa settle in the foothills 309 00:16:30,620 --> 00:16:32,950 蓝山山脉的山麓地带 of the Blue Mountains near Walla Walla. 310 00:16:34,250 --> 00:16:38,790 - 亨利·斯波尔丁几乎整个旅程 - Henry Spalding squabbles almost the entire trip 311 00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:40,330 都在与马库斯·惠特曼争吵 with Marcus Whitman. 312 00:16:40,330 --> 00:16:43,040 当他们抵达太平洋西北地区时 And when they arrive in the Pacific Northwest, 313 00:16:43,040 --> 00:16:45,290 他们实在无法忍受彼此 they really can't stand each other, 314 00:16:45,290 --> 00:16:48,700 于是决定相隔120英里居住 and they decide to live 120 miles apart. 315 00:16:51,700 --> 00:16:54,160 斯波尔丁夫妇在拉普瓦河谷 The Spaldings settle among the Nez Perce 316 00:16:54,160 --> 00:16:56,200 的内兹珀斯人中间定居 in the Lapwai Valley. 317 00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,080 与此同时，纳西莎和马库斯安家 Meanwhile, Narcissa and Marcus make their home 318 00:16:59,080 --> 00:17:02,120 在卡尤斯人附近，骑马需四天路程 near the Cayuse, four days away by horseback. 319 00:17:05,910 --> 00:17:09,540 - 内兹珀斯人警告白人传教士 - The Nez Perce warn the white missionaries 320 00:17:09,540 --> 00:17:13,370 居住在卡尤斯人中间可能很危险 that it's probably dangerous to live among the Cayuse. 321 00:17:13,370 --> 00:17:16,410 首先，这对医生来说非常危险 For one thing, it's very dangerous for a doctor, 322 00:17:16,410 --> 00:17:20,370 因为卡尤斯人有个悠久传统 'cause the Cayuse have this longstanding tradition 323 00:17:20,370 --> 00:17:22,660 会杀死失败的巫医 of killing medicine men who fail. 324 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:27,370 - 对卡尤斯人而言，如同许多原住民 - For the Cayuse, like many Native peoples, 325 00:17:27,370 --> 00:17:29,620 巫医是神圣的职业 medicine man is a sacred practice. 326 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:35,000 当你无法取得疗效时，卡尤斯人要求公正 When you can't deliver results, the Cayuse demand justice, 327 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:38,660 惩罚就是死亡 and the penalty for that is death. 328 00:17:46,540 --> 00:17:48,200 尽管他们收到了 Despite the warnings they receive 329 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:49,700 关于卡尤斯人的警告 about the Cayuse, 330 00:17:49,700 --> 00:17:52,160 惠特曼夫妇仍投身于传教工作 the Whitmans embrace their missionary work. 331 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:54,700 马库斯建造了传教站 Marcus builds the mission 332 00:17:54,700 --> 00:17:57,660 雇了几名来自哈德逊湾公司的人手 with several hired hands from the Hudson's Bay Company. 333 00:17:59,290 --> 00:18:00,700 他们称之为瓦伊拉特普 They call it Waiilatpu, 334 00:18:00,700 --> 00:18:05,120 在卡尤斯语中，意为黑麦草之地 in the Cayuse language, the place of the rye grass. 335 00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:08,870 由东部的传道委员会资助 Funded by the missionary board in the East, 336 00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:12,830 它将包括一座传教站、学校和农场 it will include a mission house, a school, and a farm. 337 00:18:14,120 --> 00:18:17,620 - 纳西莎于1837年3月 - Narcissa gives birth to her daughter Alice 338 00:18:17,620 --> 00:18:20,700 生下女儿爱丽丝 in March of 1837, 339 00:18:20,700 --> 00:18:23,120 大约就在他们 just about five, six months 340 00:18:23,120 --> 00:18:25,540 建立传教站五六个月后 after they set up housekeeping at their mission. 341 00:18:26,660 --> 00:18:30,870 - 纳西莎欣喜若狂，当她迎接 - Narcissa is thrilled when she welcomes her little girl 342 00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:33,410 她的小女儿来到世界，马库斯也是 into the world, and so is Marcus. 343 00:18:33,410 --> 00:18:37,620 如今我们有了在应许之地出生的孩子 Now we have a child born in the Promised Land. 344 00:18:38,870 --> 00:18:40,660 - 在传教站早期 - At the mission in the early days, 345 00:18:40,660 --> 00:18:43,790 惠特曼夫妇与卡尤斯人关系良好 the Whitmans have good relations with the Cayuse. 346 00:18:45,500 --> 00:18:48,830 当地酋长或头人，名叫蒂洛凯特 The local chief, or head man, his name is Tiloukaikt, 347 00:18:48,830 --> 00:18:53,830 被视为仁慈的长者，如同和蔼的叔叔 is seen as a benevolent, a sort of a kind uncle. 348 00:18:54,750 --> 00:18:57,040 他来看望小爱丽丝 He comes to see little Alice, 349 00:18:57,040 --> 00:18:59,370 总体而言，整个家庭 and in general, the reception 350 00:18:59,370 --> 00:19:01,830 受到的接待充满希望 for the whole family is very hopeful. 351 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:05,910 - 蒂洛凯特给了她一个印第安名字 - Tiloukaikt gave her an Indian name, 352 00:19:05,910 --> 00:19:07,080 称她为卡尤斯女孩 called her Cayuse Girl. 353 00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:08,830 翻译过来就是这样 That's how it translated. 354 00:19:08,830 --> 00:19:15,540 他这样称呼她，因为她对我们而言是个征兆 And he calls her that because she is a sign to us 355 00:19:15,540 --> 00:19:18,620 预示着我们将有美好时光，好运在前 that we will have good times ahead, good fortune ahead. 356 00:19:18,620 --> 00:19:21,700 我们有年幼的孩子，他们也有年幼的孩子 We have young children, they have young children, 357 00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:24,370 现在成了一家人 and it is a family now. 358 00:19:25,660 --> 00:19:28,540 与先前的毛皮捕兽者不同 Unlike the fur trappers who came before them, 359 00:19:28,540 --> 00:19:30,450 惠特曼夫妇想要改变 the Whitmans want to change the way 360 00:19:30,450 --> 00:19:33,540 卡尤斯人的生活方式和信仰 the Cayuse live and what they believe. 361 00:19:33,540 --> 00:19:35,330 - 所以对原住民而言 - So for Indigenous people, 362 00:19:35,330 --> 00:19:38,250 基督教最初未必是威胁 Christianity wasn't necessarily a threat initially, 363 00:19:39,370 --> 00:19:41,290 因为就像，哦，伟大的神灵 because it's like, oh, the Great Spirit, 364 00:19:41,290 --> 00:19:42,870 这似乎有些道理 well, that kind of makes sense, 365 00:19:42,870 --> 00:19:46,200 我们会将其融入我们的信仰体系 and we'll incorporate that into our belief systems 366 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:47,950 直到它不再适合我们 until it doesn't work for us anymore. 367 00:19:52,410 --> 00:19:56,040 - 惠特曼夫妇到来时，他们认为 - When the Whitmans arrive, they think their ways have 368 00:19:56,040 --> 00:20:01,580 必须被遵循，美洲原住民才能得救 to be followed before the Native Americans can be saved. 369 00:20:01,580 --> 00:20:04,540 这包括定居下来，成为农民 So that involves settling down, becoming farmers, 370 00:20:04,540 --> 00:20:08,250 剪掉头发，停止舞蹈，停止赌博 cutting their hair, stop dancing, stop gambling. 371 00:20:09,450 --> 00:20:11,950 - 他们想要我们放弃 - They want us to give up the way of life 372 00:20:11,950 --> 00:20:14,500 维系了我们一万多年的生活方式 that has sustained us for more than 10,000 years. 373 00:20:15,870 --> 00:20:19,250 期望是我们应该在生活的各个方面 The expectation is that we should be as much like them 374 00:20:19,250 --> 00:20:24,080 尽可能像他们一样 as possible in all factors of our life. 375 00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:26,290 我们应该端庄得体 We should be prim and proper. 376 00:20:26,290 --> 00:20:30,870 我们不应该四处迁徙采集食物 We should not travel to gather our foods. 377 00:20:30,870 --> 00:20:33,830 我们应该停留在一个地方种植食物 We should stay in one place and grow our foods. 378 00:20:33,830 --> 00:20:38,700 我们不应该像以往那样 We should not take up with the trappers 379 00:20:38,700 --> 00:20:41,410 与捕兽者和商人交往 and traders in the way that we have, 380 00:20:41,410 --> 00:20:45,580 他们想要我们改变的一切都不符合我们的天性 and everything they want us to change is not in our nature. 381 00:20:47,830 --> 00:20:50,700 传教站的生活陷入工作和礼拜的 Life at the mission settles into a routine of work 382 00:20:50,700 --> 00:20:54,200 常规，直到有一天，悲剧降临 and worship, until one day, tragedy strikes. 383 00:20:58,290 --> 00:21:00,370 最糟糕的事情发生了 The worst possible thing happens 384 00:21:00,370 --> 00:21:03,290 当时爱丽丝还不到三岁 when Alice is not quite three years old. 385 00:21:04,540 --> 00:21:08,330 - 马库斯和纳西莎没有注意到 - Marcus and Narcissa don't notice 386 00:21:08,330 --> 00:21:10,830 他们的女儿走失了 that their daughter has wandered away. 387 00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:15,410 - 爱丽丝独自一人 - So Alice is on her own, 388 00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:17,950 在水边玩耍 and she's playing at the water 389 00:21:19,450 --> 00:21:20,870 在任何人意识到 before anybody realizes 390 00:21:20,870 --> 00:21:23,290 他们已经几分钟没见到她之前 that they haven't seen her for a few minutes. 391 00:21:24,660 --> 00:21:27,410 警报响起，爱丽丝失踪了 And the alarm is raised that Alice is missing, 392 00:21:27,410 --> 00:21:30,290 所有人都开始寻找她 and everyone begins to look for her. 393 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:37,370 - 就在那时他们发现 - And that's when they find 394 00:21:37,370 --> 00:21:40,120 她已在瓦拉瓦拉河溺亡 that she has drowned in the Walla Walla River. 395 00:21:50,040 --> 00:21:51,290 遗体被找到 The body is recovered 396 00:21:51,290 --> 00:21:53,790 送回给家人 and it's brought back to the family. 397 00:22:04,410 --> 00:22:08,200 - 蒂洛凯特从她出生就认识她 - Tiloukaikt has known her since she was born. 398 00:22:08,200 --> 00:22:09,620 她对他很特别 She's special to him, 399 00:22:09,790 --> 00:22:13,910 他非常悲伤地将这个小女孩交还她母亲 and he's very sad to present this little girl to her mother. 400 00:22:21,120 --> 00:22:23,410 失去女儿改变了她 The loss of her daughter changes her. 401 00:22:24,870 --> 00:22:29,410 她的忧郁越来越成为 Her moroseness characterizes her relationship more 402 00:22:29,410 --> 00:22:31,290 她与我们族人关系的特征 and more with our people. 403 00:22:32,370 --> 00:22:35,700 - 纳西莎变得非常恼怒 - Narcissa becomes very annoyed with the fact 404 00:22:35,700 --> 00:22:38,870 卡尤斯人在院落里进出 that the Cayuse come and go from the compound, 405 00:22:38,870 --> 00:22:41,870 在她沮丧时进出她的家 come and go out of her home when she was despondent 406 00:22:41,870 --> 00:22:46,370 而她宁愿独处处理悲伤 and would rather just be to herself and deal with her grief. 407 00:22:48,250 --> 00:22:49,700 更糟的是 To make matters worse, 408 00:22:49,700 --> 00:22:52,450 惠特曼夫妇未能使卡尤斯人皈依 the Whitmans are failing to convert the Cayuse. 409 00:22:53,830 --> 00:22:56,370 - 马库斯和纳西莎·惠特曼 - Marcus and Narcissa Whitman only manage 410 00:22:56,370 --> 00:22:59,620 在整个传教期间只成功 to baptize two people in the entire time 411 00:22:59,620 --> 00:23:01,870 为两个人施洗 that they are running this mission. 412 00:23:01,870 --> 00:23:03,120 只有两个 Two. 413 00:23:05,700 --> 00:23:07,370 与此同时，斯波尔丁夫妇 Meanwhile, the Spaldings are having 414 00:23:07,370 --> 00:23:09,660 在内兹珀斯人中取得更多成功 more success with the Nez Perce. 415 00:23:10,410 --> 00:23:12,200 亨利与马库斯之间的竞争 The competition between Henry 416 00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:14,950 恶化成激烈的敌对 and Marcus sours into a bitter rivalry. 417 00:23:16,910 --> 00:23:19,910 - 他们彼此不喜欢，互相嫉妒 - They don't like each other, they're jealous. 418 00:23:19,910 --> 00:23:23,750 他们写告密信寄回波士顿的委员会 They write tattling letters back to the board in Boston. 419 00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:26,450 这些信件，有数百封之多 And these letters, there are hundreds of these letters, 420 00:23:26,450 --> 00:23:29,830 事实上，大多是互相告密 in fact, most of them tattling on each other. 421 00:23:29,830 --> 00:23:32,660 他们的行为极其不符合基督教徒 They're behaving in a most un-Christian, 422 00:23:32,660 --> 00:23:34,330 不成熟的方式 un-adult kind of way. 423 00:23:38,200 --> 00:23:41,000 于是委员会最终决定 And so the board finally decides, 424 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:42,450 我们要终止项目 we're gonna pull the plug. 425 00:23:46,540 --> 00:23:48,330 但马库斯拒绝接受 But Marcus refuses to accept 426 00:23:48,330 --> 00:23:49,870 传道委员会的决定 the mission board's decision. 427 00:23:50,660 --> 00:23:52,370 随着冬季迅速临近 With winter fast approaching, 428 00:23:52,370 --> 00:23:56,000 他于1842年10月离开纳西莎 he leaves Narcissa in October of 1842, 429 00:23:56,000 --> 00:24:00,040 开始3000英里的东归旅程 and begins the 3,000 mile journey back east 430 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:01,870 亲自去恳求 to plead his case in person. 431 00:24:08,910 --> 00:24:10,700 从俄勒冈地区出发 Setting out from Oregon Country, 432 00:24:10,700 --> 00:24:13,620 在1842年深秋 late in the fall of 1842, 433 00:24:13,620 --> 00:24:16,500 传教士马库斯·惠特曼向东行进 missionary Marcus Whitman makes his way east 434 00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:18,080 横跨大陆 across the continent. 435 00:24:19,540 --> 00:24:22,540 在历经六个月的艰苦旅程后 At the end of a harrowing six-month journey, 436 00:24:22,540 --> 00:24:25,910 他抵达波士顿，衣衫褴褛 he arrives in Boston in threadbare clothes 437 00:24:25,910 --> 00:24:28,950 恳求传道委员会的宽恕 and throws himself on the mercy of the Mission Board. 438 00:24:29,750 --> 00:24:31,950 他们给了他最后一次机会 They give him one last chance. 439 00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:37,910 - 惠特曼取道圣路易斯从波士顿返回 - Whitman returns from Boston by way of St. Louis, 440 00:24:37,910 --> 00:24:42,910 在圣路易斯，形成了一支大型马车队 and in St. Louis, there is a large wagon train formed. 441 00:24:43,500 --> 00:24:44,790 不是他组织的 He didn't organize it, 442 00:24:44,790 --> 00:24:48,870 但他最终成为实际领头人 but he ends up becoming its defacto head man. 443 00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:53,540 他向他们证明马车确实可以穿越落基山脉 He shows them that wagons can, in fact, cross the Rockies 444 00:24:53,540 --> 00:24:56,660 数百名美国定居者随之而来 and several hundred American settlers come. 445 00:24:56,660 --> 00:25:00,540 这为几乎指数级增长开辟了道路 It opens the way for almost exponential growth. 446 00:25:02,410 --> 00:25:04,370 七年过去了，自从马库斯 Seven years have passed since Marcus 447 00:25:04,370 --> 00:25:06,910 首次启程前往俄勒冈地区 first set off for Oregon Country. 448 00:25:06,910 --> 00:25:09,580 这次他是众多跋涉者之一 This time he is one of the many making the trek. 449 00:25:11,120 --> 00:25:15,120 1843年，一千多名美国人 In 1843, more than a thousand Americans 450 00:25:15,120 --> 00:25:17,000 前往俄勒冈地区 are bound for Oregon Country. 451 00:25:18,250 --> 00:25:21,870 东部的经济状况正驱使越来越多 Economic conditions in the East are driving more 452 00:25:21,870 --> 00:25:24,120 美国人前往西部 and more Americans into the West. 453 00:25:25,870 --> 00:25:29,700 - 1837年的金融恐慌导致大量 - There's a financial panic in 1837 that throws a lot 454 00:25:29,700 --> 00:25:32,370 人口失业，东部的民众 of people out of work, and people in the East, 455 00:25:32,370 --> 00:25:34,290 那些生活不顺的人 for whom life wasn't going so well, 456 00:25:34,290 --> 00:25:37,160 总认为可以在西部重新开始 they always thought they could start over again in the West. 457 00:25:40,250 --> 00:25:43,160 自惠特曼夫妇首次旅程以来，变化巨大 Much has changed since the Whitman's first trip. 458 00:25:44,620 --> 00:25:48,040 当时，马库斯被迫放弃马车 Back then, Marcus had been forced to abandon his wagon 459 00:25:48,040 --> 00:25:50,500 当小路变得多石狭窄时 when the trail became too rocky and narrow. 460 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,540 但这条小路已被拓宽延伸 But the trail has been widened and extended 461 00:25:54,540 --> 00:25:57,250 由纳西莎在聚会点结识的朋友 by Narcissa's friend from the rendezvous, 462 00:25:57,250 --> 00:25:59,120 山地人乔·米克完成 mountain man Joe Meek. 463 00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:04,080 如今马车队可以穿越蓝山山脉 Now wagon trains can make their way over the Blue Mountains 464 00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:05,790 经过惠特曼传教站 past the Whitman mission, 465 00:26:05,790 --> 00:26:08,290 继续西行前往太平洋海岸 and further west toward the Pacific Coast. 466 00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:11,950 乔·米克开辟的道路成为 Joe Meek's path becomes the last leg 467 00:26:11,950 --> 00:26:13,700 传奇俄勒冈小道的最后一段 of the legendary Oregon Trail. 468 00:26:18,750 --> 00:26:21,660 - 这些西进的美国人大多 - Most of these Americans who head west 469 00:26:21,660 --> 00:26:25,580 完全不清楚这片大陆有多广阔 are utterly clueless about how big this continent is, 470 00:26:25,580 --> 00:26:28,290 抵达时震惊不已 and utterly shocked when they get out there. 471 00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:32,950 有人试图携带家具 There are people who are trying to carry their furniture, 472 00:26:32,950 --> 00:26:35,370 最终，俄勒冈小道上散落着 and eventually, the Oregon Trail becomes littered 473 00:26:35,370 --> 00:26:38,870 餐桌组、钢琴、摇椅 with dining room sets, and pianos, and rocking chairs, 474 00:26:38,870 --> 00:26:40,160 各式各样的物品 and all sorts of things 475 00:26:40,370 --> 00:26:42,790 这些东部定居者原以为能带着 that these eastern settlers think they're gonna take 476 00:26:42,790 --> 00:26:45,040 踏上西行旅程 with them on this westward journey. 477 00:26:45,040 --> 00:26:46,910 - 他们遭遇巨大困难 - They encounter great difficulties, 478 00:26:46,910 --> 00:26:49,700 但无论如何都要抵达 but they're gonna get there no matter what. 479 00:26:49,700 --> 00:26:52,080 当家庭西迁时，你就知道 When families go west, then you know 480 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,120 西部定居是认真的 that the western settlement is serious. 481 00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:59,700 1843年9月下旬 In late September 1843, 482 00:26:59,700 --> 00:27:02,250 马库斯返回俄勒冈地区 Marcus returns to Oregon Country. 483 00:27:03,450 --> 00:27:05,580 分离一年多后 After more than a year apart, 484 00:27:05,580 --> 00:27:08,200 纳西莎与丈夫团聚 Narcissa and her husband are reunited. 485 00:27:10,700 --> 00:27:14,040 大迁徙赋予他们新目标 The Great Migration gives them a new purpose. 486 00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:17,080 他们将注意力从卡尤斯人移开 Turning their attention away from the Cayuse, 487 00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:19,830 专注于支持新移民 they focus on supporting new migrants 488 00:27:19,830 --> 00:27:22,040 那些在前往西部威拉米特河谷 who stop off at the mission on their way 489 00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:25,080 肥沃土地途中在传教站停留的人 to the fertile lands of the Willamette Valley to the west. 490 00:27:26,700 --> 00:27:30,790 - 通常当定居者西行时 - Often when settlers traveled west, 491 00:27:30,790 --> 00:27:33,790 他们会失去家庭成员，父母去世 they lost family members, parents died, 492 00:27:33,790 --> 00:27:35,790 孩子成为孤儿 and children were left orphans, 493 00:27:35,790 --> 00:27:37,750 惠特曼夫妇收留了他们 and the Whitmans took them in. 494 00:27:38,660 --> 00:27:41,370 - 纳西莎·惠特曼意识到 - Narcissa Whitman recognizes 495 00:27:41,370 --> 00:27:43,870 她无法使原住民皈依 she's not gonna be converting Native people, 496 00:27:43,870 --> 00:27:46,750 于是她说："我意识到必须 and so she says, "I realize that I have 497 00:27:46,750 --> 00:27:49,370 集中精力尝试将真信仰之光 to focus my efforts on trying to bring the light 498 00:27:49,370 --> 00:27:52,540 带给身边的白人" of the true religion to the white people around me. 499 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:57,330 移民的涌入加强了 The influx of migrants strengthens 500 00:27:57,330 --> 00:28:00,080 美国对太平洋海岸的控制 the America's hold on the Pacific coast. 501 00:28:01,330 --> 00:28:04,910 尽管仍与英国共同占领 Although it is still jointly occupied with Great Britain, 502 00:28:04,910 --> 00:28:06,870 俄勒冈在美国未来梦想中 Oregon figures more and more 503 00:28:06,870 --> 00:28:09,040 占据越来越重要地位 into America's dreams for the future, 504 00:28:10,290 --> 00:28:13,200 并成为詹姆斯·波尔克1844年 and becomes a key part of James Polk's campaign 505 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:15,370 总统竞选的关键部分 for president in 1844. 506 00:28:16,790 --> 00:28:18,330 - 詹姆斯·波尔克 - So James Polk runs 507 00:28:18,330 --> 00:28:21,700 以公开扩张主义纲领竞选总统 for president on an overtly expansionist ticket, 508 00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:23,910 他说："我们将要求整个俄勒冈" and he says, "We're gonna claim all of Oregon." 509 00:28:24,700 --> 00:28:26,700 波尔克当选后 After Polk is elected, 510 00:28:26,700 --> 00:28:29,540 英国屈服于美国的压力 Great Britain gives into pressure by the US 511 00:28:29,540 --> 00:28:32,370 于1846年签署条约 and signs a treaty in 1846, 512 00:28:32,370 --> 00:28:37,040 沿北纬49度线划分俄勒冈地区 dividing Oregon Country between them at the 49th parallel. 513 00:28:38,290 --> 00:28:41,040 - 英国明白美国强大的 - Great Britain understood that the sheer juggernaut 514 00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:44,450 意图、意志力、人力 of American intention, and willpower, and manpower, 515 00:28:44,450 --> 00:28:48,040 和经济实力将使其不可能 and economic power was going to make it impossible 516 00:28:48,040 --> 00:28:50,750 在不发动战争的情况下 for them really to maintain any claims 517 00:28:50,750 --> 00:28:52,830 维持对俄勒冈的主权要求 to Oregon without a war, 518 00:28:52,830 --> 00:28:54,950 而他们不想打这场战争 and they didn't want to fight that war. 519 00:28:56,540 --> 00:28:58,870 条约给予英国北纬49度线以北 The treaty gives the British everything north 520 00:28:58,870 --> 00:29:03,250 所有土地，包括温哥华岛 of the 49th parallel, plus the island of Vancouver, 521 00:29:04,250 --> 00:29:06,000 而美国获得俄勒冈地区 while the US gets the southern part 522 00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:11,200 南部，获得1850万英亩新土地 of Oregon Country, gaining 18.5 million acres of new land 523 00:29:11,200 --> 00:29:14,120 及首块太平洋海岸领土 and their first piece of the Pacific coast. 524 00:29:15,750 --> 00:29:19,200 但美国部分的俄勒冈仍无组织 But the American part of Oregon remains unorganized 525 00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:22,500 没有联邦存在，没有正式政府 with no federal presence and no formal government. 526 00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:25,200 - 就俄勒冈而言 - In the case of Oregon, 527 00:29:25,200 --> 00:29:26,910 定居者走在政府前面 the settlers went ahead of government, 528 00:29:26,910 --> 00:29:28,750 政府随后才跟上 and then government came along afterwards. 529 00:29:28,750 --> 00:29:30,160 于是次年更多人到来 And so more people come the next year, 530 00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:32,370 后年更多人接踵而至 and more people come the year after that. 531 00:29:32,370 --> 00:29:34,660 - 于是俄勒冈小道 - And so the Oregon Trail 532 00:29:34,660 --> 00:29:37,620 成为通往俄勒冈的公路 then becomes the highway to Oregon. 533 00:29:37,620 --> 00:29:41,870 - 人数从某年250人增至某年1000人 - The numbers go from like 250 one year to 1,000 one year, 534 00:29:41,870 --> 00:29:45,290 次年4000人，再次年7000人 to 4,000 the next year, to 7,000. 535 00:29:46,540 --> 00:29:49,450 他们开始迅速超过 They're starting to outnumber the Indigenous people 536 00:29:49,450 --> 00:29:52,290 该地区的原住民人口 of the region very quickly, 537 00:29:52,290 --> 00:29:55,750 卡尤斯人目睹这种转变 and the Cayuse see the transformation, 538 00:29:55,750 --> 00:29:56,870 他们并不喜欢 and they don't like it. 539 00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:09,410 在1847年惠特曼传教站的 Among the many newcomers 540 00:30:09,410 --> 00:30:14,660 众多新来者中，有个叫乔·刘易斯的男人 at the Whitman mission in 1847 is a man named Joe Lewis. 541 00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:19,450 他是混血儿，部分法裔加拿大人，部分原住民 He is of mixed blood, part French Canadian, part Native. 542 00:30:20,830 --> 00:30:23,330 他向卡尤斯人发出严厉警告 He brings a stark warning for the Cayuse. 543 00:30:24,790 --> 00:30:26,250 - 在全国各地 - Around the country, 544 00:30:26,250 --> 00:30:28,540 原住民失去了他们的土地 Native people have lost their lands. 545 00:30:28,540 --> 00:30:31,450 他们被消灭，被屠杀 They have been wiped out. They have been killed off. 546 00:30:34,250 --> 00:30:36,370 在过去十五年间 Over the previous decade and a half, 547 00:30:36,370 --> 00:30:39,410 约十万名密西西比河以东的 around a hundred thousand American Indians east 548 00:30:39,410 --> 00:30:43,000 美洲原住民被强制迁移 of the Mississippi have been forcibly displaced 549 00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:46,200 根据安德鲁·杰克逊总统的《印第安人迁移法案》 under President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act. 550 00:30:47,950 --> 00:30:51,790 美国定居者夺走了他们的土地 American settlers have taken their lands for themselves. 551 00:30:53,120 --> 00:30:56,500 乔·刘易斯的消息令卡尤斯人警觉 This news from Joe Lewis alarms the Cayuse. 552 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,040 随着俄勒冈现由美国控制 With Oregon now controlled by the United States, 553 00:31:01,040 --> 00:31:03,910 他们担心定居者很快会夺走土地 they fear that settlers will soon take their land. 554 00:31:06,330 --> 00:31:10,870 接着在1847年秋天，麻疹疫情 Then in the fall of 1847, an outbreak of measles tears 555 00:31:10,870 --> 00:31:12,910 席卷太平洋西北地区 through the Pacific Northwest. 556 00:31:14,750 --> 00:31:17,410 白人定居者感染病毒 White settlers contract the virus, 557 00:31:17,410 --> 00:31:20,410 但许多人具有天然抵抗力 but many of them have natural resistance. 558 00:31:20,410 --> 00:31:23,950 卡尤斯人和其他美洲原住民则没有 The Cayuse and other Native Americans do not. 559 00:31:28,250 --> 00:31:30,290 - 我们的治疗方式无效 - Our ways of healing are not working. 560 00:31:30,290 --> 00:31:34,120 惠特曼医生的方法也无效，当他们每天埋葬 Dr. Whitman's are not working when they're burying two, 561 00:31:34,120 --> 00:31:36,830 两具、四具、六具尸体时 four, and six people a day. 562 00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:42,000 - 惠特曼不了解麻疹的病理 - Whitman didn't understand how measles worked. 563 00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:44,830 他最喜欢的处方是给病人放血 His favorite prescription was to bleed people 564 00:31:44,830 --> 00:31:46,870 这让他们病情加重 who were sick, which made them sicker. 565 00:31:47,830 --> 00:31:49,700 他确实不知还能做什么 He didn't really know what else to do. 566 00:31:56,700 --> 00:31:58,410 最终疾病将夺去 Eventually disease will kill 567 00:31:58,410 --> 00:32:00,290 近半卡尤斯人的生命 nearly half the Cayuse, 568 00:32:00,290 --> 00:32:02,290 儿童受害最为严重 hitting their children hardest of all. 569 00:32:07,500 --> 00:32:11,250 - 马库斯·惠特曼无力拯救我们族人 - Marcus Whitman is not able to save our people. 570 00:32:12,870 --> 00:32:16,200 他多次受到警告。在卡尤斯人中 He's warned many times. Among the Cayuse, 571 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:18,040 如果你医术不精 if you practice bad medicine, 572 00:32:18,040 --> 00:32:19,660 可能付出生命代价 you could pay with your life. 573 00:32:21,250 --> 00:32:24,040 1847年11月 In November of 1847, 574 00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:27,160 马库斯·惠特曼将乔·刘易斯从传教站解雇 Marcus Whitman fires Joe Lewis from the mission 575 00:32:27,160 --> 00:32:29,410 他原在此受雇为劳工 where he'd been employed as a laborer. 576 00:32:30,830 --> 00:32:33,040 刘易斯开始散布恶毒谣言 Lewis starts to spread a pernicious rumor 577 00:32:34,370 --> 00:32:35,950 称惠特曼夫妇正在毒害卡尤斯人 that the Whitmans are poisoning the Cayuse 578 00:32:35,950 --> 00:32:37,540 以窃取他们的土地 so they can steal their land. 579 00:32:39,540 --> 00:32:41,120 - 如果你是印第安人，你会想 - If you're one of the Indians, you're thinking, 580 00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:45,080 "天啊，他们不仅冒犯我们的信仰 "Boy, not only are they affronting our beliefs, 581 00:32:45,080 --> 00:32:46,910 还在杀害我们" but they're killing us." 582 00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:51,000 友善的卡尤斯人警告马库斯 Friendly Cayuse warn Marcus 583 00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:53,080 他的生命现在面临危险 that his life is now in danger. 584 00:32:57,250 --> 00:33:00,410 - 但由于马库斯·惠特曼固执的天性 - But for reasons having to do with the stubborn nature 585 00:33:00,410 --> 00:33:04,200 及其宿命感 of Marcus Whitman and his sense of destiny, 586 00:33:04,950 --> 00:33:07,040 惠特曼不愿离开 Whitman will not leave. 587 00:33:11,540 --> 00:33:15,620 1847年11月29日，一切达到顶点 On November 29th, 1847, it all comes to a head. 588 00:33:17,330 --> 00:33:20,370 那天早上为三个卡尤斯儿童举行了葬礼 That morning there was a funeral for three Cayuse children, 589 00:33:21,500 --> 00:33:23,200 都是麻疹的受害者 all victims of measles. 590 00:33:25,040 --> 00:33:26,750 死者中包括当地首领 Among the dead children is the son 591 00:33:26,750 --> 00:33:29,450 蒂洛凯特的儿子 of the local leader Tiloukaikt. 592 00:33:29,450 --> 00:33:32,330 这是他第三个死于麻疹的孩子 It is his third child to die from the measles. 593 00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:36,330 葬礼后，马库斯 After the funeral, Marcus 594 00:33:36,500 --> 00:33:39,080 和纳西莎在传教站接待了一些访客 and Narcissa receive some visitors at the mission. 595 00:33:44,370 --> 00:33:47,950 十几名卡尤斯男子聚集在他们门外 More than a dozen Cayuse men gather outside their door. 596 00:33:55,620 --> 00:33:59,700 - 他允许两三名卡尤斯战士进入 - He admits two or three Cayuse warriors, 597 00:33:59,700 --> 00:34:03,620 包括蒂洛凯特和另一名战士托马哈斯 including Tiloukaikt and another warrior named Tomahas 598 00:34:03,620 --> 00:34:05,250 进入传教站房屋 to this mission house. 599 00:34:06,450 --> 00:34:08,660 - 我确信他察觉到有些不对劲 - I'm sure he sensed something was amiss, 600 00:34:10,870 --> 00:34:15,910 于是他帮助纳西莎带着孩子离开那里 and so he helps to get Narcissa out of there with the child. 601 00:34:15,910 --> 00:34:18,410 他们与他交谈 They engage him in conversation. 602 00:34:18,410 --> 00:34:23,330 - 他们在那儿询问惠特曼医生关于药物的事 - And they are there asking Dr. Whitman about medicine. 603 00:34:23,330 --> 00:34:28,200 他们想要证明他的药物中含有 And what they wanted to show was that he had poisons 604 00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:29,790 毒药 in his medicines. 605 00:34:32,910 --> 00:34:35,700 - 据目击者称 - And according to witnesses, 606 00:34:35,700 --> 00:34:37,910 托马哈斯用战斧 Tomahas hits Whitman in the back 607 00:34:37,910 --> 00:34:39,580 击中惠特曼后脑 of the head with a tomahawk, 608 00:34:43,540 --> 00:34:46,290 将他击倒在地，头骨破裂 knocking him to the ground and cracking his skull. 609 00:34:47,200 --> 00:34:49,000 接着他被射中颈部 He's then shot in the neck. 610 00:34:52,330 --> 00:34:55,370 纳西莎走到窗边向外张望 Narcissa goes to the window to look out 611 00:34:55,370 --> 00:34:59,120 查看情况，被射中肩膀 and see what's happening, and she's shot in the shoulder. 612 00:35:02,250 --> 00:35:05,910 - 卡尤斯人不会放弃 - The Cayuse are not going to abandon their mission 613 00:35:05,910 --> 00:35:07,040 除掉惠特曼夫妇的使命 to get rid of the Whitmans. 614 00:35:11,540 --> 00:35:14,000 - 他们将惠特曼夫人 - They're able to get Mrs. Whitman 615 00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:17,500 抬到一张长椅上搬出去 on a settee and carry it out. 616 00:35:17,500 --> 00:35:21,700 乔·刘易斯是搬运那件家具的人之一 Joe Lewis is one of the carriers of that piece of furniture. 617 00:35:35,160 --> 00:35:37,120 - 她被从搬她出来的 - She's thrown off the settee 618 00:35:37,120 --> 00:35:39,750 长椅上扔进泥沼 that she was carried out on into the mud. 619 00:35:41,250 --> 00:35:45,870 她遭枪击、砍杀、鞭打 She's shot, she's hacked, she's whipped, 620 00:35:45,870 --> 00:35:48,040 最终死于泥沼中 and she dies in the mud. 621 00:35:50,870 --> 00:35:54,410 - 当我们的年轻人决定 - When our young men decided 622 00:35:54,410 --> 00:35:56,250 结束惠特曼夫妇的生命时 that the Whitmans' lives should end, 623 00:35:57,500 --> 00:35:59,700 他们没意识到这将招致 they didn't realize it would bring down 624 00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:04,790 来自东部的雷霆之怒，超出我们想象 on us thunder from the east that we could not have imagined. 625 00:36:12,540 --> 00:36:14,370 杀害惠特曼夫妇后 After killing the Whitmans, 626 00:36:14,370 --> 00:36:16,410 卡尤斯人继续屠杀 the Cayuse continue their slaughter, 627 00:36:17,250 --> 00:36:19,290 又杀死11名 killing 11 more white settlers 628 00:36:19,290 --> 00:36:21,200 居住在传教站的白人定居者 who are living at the mission. 629 00:36:22,620 --> 00:36:26,200 - 当大屠杀的消息传到威拉米特河谷时 - When word of the massacre reaches the Willamette Valley, 630 00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:30,620 引发愤怒和复仇欲望 it causes rage and a desire for vengeance. 631 00:36:30,620 --> 00:36:33,750 白人组建民兵投入战争 The white people create a militia to go to war. 632 00:36:34,700 --> 00:36:36,200 定居者要求联邦政府 The settlers want protection 633 00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:37,910 提供保护 from the federal government, 634 00:36:37,910 --> 00:36:41,290 他们派乔·米克前往华盛顿请愿 and they send Joe Meek to Washington to ask for it. 635 00:36:41,290 --> 00:36:44,120 - 米克提出理由：为保卫 - Meek makes the case that in order to defend the lives 636 00:36:44,120 --> 00:36:47,000 美国公民的生命，俄勒冈地区需要 of American citizens, the Oregon Country needs 637 00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:49,290 成为美国领土 to become a US territory. 638 00:36:50,910 --> 00:36:53,120 1848年8月 In August of 1848, 639 00:36:53,120 --> 00:36:57,790 俄勒冈正式成为美国领土 Oregon officially becomes a territory of the United States. 640 00:36:57,790 --> 00:37:02,950 600名联邦步枪兵被派往西部追捕凶手 600 federal riflemen are sent west to hunt for the killers. 641 00:37:02,950 --> 00:37:06,700 - 他们派来总督，派来军队 - They send out a governor, they send out the military. 642 00:37:06,700 --> 00:37:10,660 俄勒冈领地进入对印第安人的开放狩猎季 It's open season on Indians in the Oregon Territory. 643 00:37:12,700 --> 00:37:14,580 随后的冲突 The ensuing conflict will come 644 00:37:14,580 --> 00:37:17,830 被称为卡尤斯战争 to be known as the Cayuse War. 645 00:37:17,830 --> 00:37:20,750 原住民一方遭受毁灭性损失 The Native side suffers devastating losses. 646 00:37:22,200 --> 00:37:26,540 最终，两年后的1850年4月 Finally, after two years, in April of 1850, 647 00:37:26,540 --> 00:37:29,620 五名男子为停止流血事件自首 five men turn themselves in to stop the bloodshed. 648 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:35,750 乔·刘易斯不在自首者中，但蒂洛凯特在其中 Joe Lewis is not among these volunteers, but Tiloukaikt is. 649 00:37:37,290 --> 00:37:39,330 - 他们发表声明 - They make statements, 650 00:37:39,330 --> 00:37:41,080 作证词 depositions, 651 00:37:41,080 --> 00:37:44,120 蒂洛凯特说 and Tiloukaikt says, 652 00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:46,540 "基督不是为拯救他的人民而死吗？ "Did not Christ die to save his people? 653 00:37:46,540 --> 00:37:49,500 所以我死。我们死是为拯救我们的人民" So I die. We die to save our people." 654 00:37:51,790 --> 00:37:54,080 所谓的"卡尤斯五勇士" The so-called Cayuse Five 655 00:37:54,080 --> 00:37:56,540 被押送至俄勒冈市 are transported to Oregon City 656 00:37:56,540 --> 00:37:59,750 在一家酒馆草率以谋杀罪受审 and hastily tried for murder in a tavern, 657 00:38:01,700 --> 00:38:05,540 由白人定居者组成的陪审团作出有罪判决 A jury of white settlers hands down a guilty verdict 658 00:38:05,540 --> 00:38:07,000 和死刑判决 and a death sentence. 659 00:38:13,580 --> 00:38:15,870 - 可能威拉米特河谷 - Maybe half of all the white people 660 00:38:15,870 --> 00:38:18,250 半数白人都来观看行刑 in the Willamette Valley come to watch it. 661 00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:33,660 - 在俄勒冈市被绞死的五个人 - The five men who were hanged in Oregon City, 662 00:38:34,750 --> 00:38:36,950 我们仍在寻找他们的坟墓 we're still looking for their graves, 663 00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:40,950 因为我们想带他们回家 because we'd like to bring them home. 664 00:38:44,160 --> 00:38:47,040 1855年，距离最初欢迎 In 1855, just 50 years 665 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:50,700 美国探险者来到该地区仅50年后 after first welcoming American explorers to the region, 666 00:38:50,700 --> 00:38:53,410 卡尤斯人被迫签署条约 the Cayuse are forced to sign a treaty. 667 00:38:54,870 --> 00:38:56,660 条款苛刻 The terms are harsh. 668 00:38:56,660 --> 00:38:59,330 他们必须放弃超过640万英亩 They must give up their vast homeland 669 00:38:59,330 --> 00:39:01,750 的广阔家园 of over 6.4 million acres 670 00:39:01,750 --> 00:39:06,330 迁入24.5万英亩 and move onto a 245,000- acre reservation 671 00:39:06,330 --> 00:39:08,290 与其他部落共享的保留地 shared with other tribes. 672 00:39:11,120 --> 00:39:15,160 他们放弃的土地被给予美国定居者 The lands they surrender are given to American settlers. 673 00:39:15,160 --> 00:39:20,410 1859年，俄勒冈成为联邦第33个州 In 1859, Oregon becomes the 33rd state in the union. 674 00:39:23,290 --> 00:39:26,870 - 亨利·斯波尔丁在他的竞争对手 - Henry Spalding, after the death of his rival, 675 00:39:26,870 --> 00:39:29,700 马库斯·惠特曼死后，成为个人宣传机器 Marcus Whitman, becomes a one-man propaganda machine, 676 00:39:29,700 --> 00:39:33,250 他实质上为美国历史 and he essentially invents the Whitman legend 677 00:39:33,250 --> 00:39:34,910 创造了惠特曼传奇 for American history. 678 00:39:34,910 --> 00:39:36,870 惠特曼被誉为 Whitman is credited 679 00:39:36,870 --> 00:39:39,580 为美国赢得俄勒冈地区的功臣 with getting the Oregon Country for the United States. 680 00:39:40,700 --> 00:39:42,330 斯波尔丁向宗教报纸 Spalding sends articles 681 00:39:42,330 --> 00:39:44,250 投稿 to religious newspapers, 682 00:39:44,250 --> 00:39:46,410 最终说服美国参议院 and eventually persuades the US Senate 683 00:39:46,410 --> 00:39:49,410 出版他关于惠特曼英勇事迹的记述 to publish his account of Whitman's heroism, 684 00:39:49,410 --> 00:39:52,080 在此过程中抬高自己 elevating himself in the process. 685 00:39:53,540 --> 00:39:56,620 - 马库斯·惠特曼从一名失败的无名之辈 - And Marcus Whitman goes from being a failed anonymous guy 686 00:39:56,620 --> 00:39:59,450 转变为基督式人物 who got killed to a Christ-like figure 687 00:39:59,450 --> 00:40:03,620 他献出鲜血使俄勒冈得以生存 who sacrificed his blood so Oregon could live. 688 00:40:05,870 --> 00:40:07,830 杀害惠特曼夫妇 The killing of the Whitmans 689 00:40:07,830 --> 00:40:10,040 未能阻止移民潮涌向 fails to stop the flood of immigrants 690 00:40:10,040 --> 00:40:12,000 俄勒冈的肥沃农田 to the rich farmlands of Oregon. 691 00:40:14,540 --> 00:40:17,910 从1840年代到1860年代 From the 1840s through the 1860s, 692 00:40:17,910 --> 00:40:22,790 超过40万人沿俄勒冈小道西行 over 400,000 people travel west along the Oregon Trail. 693 00:40:22,790 --> 00:40:25,700 - 这是美国历史上最伟大的民间迁徙 - It was the greatest folk migration in American history. 694 00:40:25,700 --> 00:40:27,410 某些路段曾有 At some points, there were as many 695 00:40:27,410 --> 00:40:30,370 多达12辆马车并排行进在这片土地上 as 12 wagons abreast growing across this country. 696 00:40:31,620 --> 00:40:33,950 - 如此多人来到威拉米特河谷 - So many people come to the Willamette Valley 697 00:40:33,950 --> 00:40:38,290 他们实际上在山脉中开辟出一条通道 that they actually carve a cut through the mountains 698 00:40:38,290 --> 00:40:39,830 横跨草原 and across the prairies 699 00:40:39,830 --> 00:40:42,790 至今仍可从卫星上看到 that can be seen still from satellites. 700 00:40:44,950 --> 00:40:49,620 这场史诗般的迁徙通过步行、推车 The epic migration continues by foot, by cart, 701 00:40:49,620 --> 00:40:51,830 骡子和马车持续进行 by mule, and by wagon 702 00:40:51,830 --> 00:40:55,540 直到横贯大陆铁路为旅行者提供 until the Transcontinental Railroad offers travelers 703 00:40:55,540 --> 00:40:57,500 更舒适的西行方式 a gentler way to go west. 704 00:41:00,410 --> 00:41:02,750 俄勒冈永远改变了 Oregon is changed forever. 705 00:41:02,750 --> 00:41:06,330 曾经卡尤斯人采集食物狩猎的地方 Where the Cayuse once gathered food and hunted game 706 00:41:06,330 --> 00:41:09,540 和山地人设陷阱捕兽交易的地方 and where the mountain men once trapped animals for trade, 707 00:41:10,620 --> 00:41:13,370 多样的地貌如今被 the varied landscape is now supplanted 708 00:41:13,370 --> 00:41:15,080 定居点和农场取代 by settlements and farms. 709 00:41:17,500 --> 00:41:19,370 - 于是这里发生了 - And so there is a kind of transition 710 00:41:19,370 --> 00:41:23,120 从毛皮开采经济 from an extraction economy of furs, 711 00:41:23,120 --> 00:41:25,540 向农业经济的转型 and now moving into an agrarian economy 712 00:41:25,540 --> 00:41:26,830 在太平洋西北地区 in the Pacific Northwest. 713 00:41:29,250 --> 00:41:30,830 - 我们接受我们的家园 - We accept that our homeland 714 00:41:30,830 --> 00:41:33,950 如今是许多人的家园 is the homeland of many people now. 715 00:41:35,040 --> 00:41:37,910 我们的长者总是告诉我们 - Our elders always tell us there's good 716 00:41:37,910 --> 00:41:40,200 每件事都有好坏两面 and bad in everything that happens. 717 00:41:40,200 --> 00:41:41,540 你必须全面看待 You have to look at both. 718 00:41:42,540 --> 00:41:43,700 - 在跟随惠特曼夫妇 - Of the thousand Americans 719 00:41:43,700 --> 00:41:45,910 前往俄勒冈的千名美国人中 that follow the Whitmans to Oregon, 720 00:41:45,910 --> 00:41:49,790 很少有人不将他们的死亡视为屠杀 few will see their deaths as anything other than a massacre. 721 00:41:49,790 --> 00:41:52,950 但他们的故事象征了一种模式 But their story is emblematic of a pattern 722 00:41:52,950 --> 00:41:55,200 在美国西部不断重演 that repeats across the American West, 723 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:58,700 定居者以原住民抵抗为借口 settlers using Native resistance as an excuse 724 00:41:58,700 --> 00:42:01,250 夺取他们的家园 to seize their homelands, 725 00:42:01,250 --> 00:42:02,790 正如他们在俄勒冈所做的那样 and just as they did in Oregon, 726 00:42:02,790 --> 00:42:05,660 渴望土地的定居者将涌入德克萨斯 land-hungry settlers will push into Texas 727 00:42:05,660 --> 00:42:08,250 将一次对拓荒者家庭的袭击 and turn a raid on one pioneer family 728 00:42:08,250 --> 00:42:10,870 演变为漫长血腥的战争 into a long and bloody war, 729 00:42:10,870 --> 00:42:13,040 对抗美洲大陆最强大的 fought against the most powerful Native force 730 00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:15,870 原住民势力，科曼奇帝国 on the continent, the Comanche Empire.