1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:04,080 - 19世纪初， - At the beginning of the 19th century, 2 00:00:04,080 --> 00:00:06,330 美国的西部边境 - the western border of the United States 3 00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:08,160 是密西西比河。 - is the Mississippi River. 4 00:00:08,160 --> 00:00:10,700 河对岸是法属路易斯安那， - Beyond it lies French Louisiana, 5 00:00:10,700 --> 00:00:15,040 这片土地对大多数美国人来说，广阔得难以想象， - a land that, for most Americans, is too vast to imagine, 6 00:00:15,040 --> 00:00:17,540 神秘得无法理解。 - too mysterious to comprehend. 7 00:00:17,540 --> 00:00:21,370 但当托马斯·杰斐逊总统从拿破仑手中买下它后， - But when President Thomas Jefferson buys it from Napoleon, 8 00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:24,120 美国探险家们迅速开始寻找 - American explorers quickly seek out 9 00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:26,580 其最宝贵的资源， - its most valuable resource, 10 00:00:26,580 --> 00:00:27,830 动物毛皮。 - animal furs. 11 00:00:27,830 --> 00:00:32,040 随着捕兽人和商人去西部追寻财富， - As trappers and traders pursue their fortunes out west, 12 00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:34,540 美洲原住民将被迫为 - Native Americans will be forced to fight 13 00:00:34,540 --> 00:00:37,540 守护家园的财富而战。 - to preserve the riches of their homeland. 14 00:00:37,540 --> 00:00:41,370 一位名叫约翰·科尔特尔的胆大的山地人 - One daring mountain man named John Colter 15 00:00:41,370 --> 00:00:44,370 将被卷入一场文化冲突， - will get caught up in a clash of cultures, 16 00:00:44,370 --> 00:00:47,700 一次亡命奔逃铸就了一段传奇。 - forging a legend with a run for his life. 17 00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:52,370 - 人们生活在神话中。 - - People live on myths. 18 00:00:53,790 --> 00:00:56,250 而在美国经历中真正扎根的神话 - - And the myths that really stick in the American experience 19 00:00:56,250 --> 00:00:58,160 就是西部神话。 - are the myths of the West. 20 00:01:00,200 --> 00:01:02,830 山更高，沙漠更严酷。 - - The mountains were taller, the deserts were harsher. 21 00:01:02,830 --> 00:01:04,700 雪更深。 - - The snows were deeper. 22 00:01:04,700 --> 00:01:09,910 - 美国西部唤起惊奇、可能性和机遇。 - - American West conjures wonder, possibility, opportunity. 23 00:01:09,910 --> 00:01:12,040 - 山地人的形象。 - - The figure of the mountain man. 24 00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:14,500 臭名昭著的亡命之徒。 - - Notorious outlaws. 25 00:01:14,500 --> 00:01:16,040 - 牛仔。 - - The cowboy. 26 00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:18,910 - 加利福尼亚的淘金热。 - - The discovery of gold in California. 27 00:01:18,910 --> 00:01:20,370 这一列列马车 - - This train of wagons 28 00:01:20,370 --> 00:01:22,290 蜿蜒穿过草原。 - trailing across the prairie. 29 00:01:23,410 --> 00:01:26,250 - 每个人都想得到这片土地，各有缘由。 - - Everybody has a reason for wanting this land. 30 00:01:27,410 --> 00:01:31,160 - 但那片土地大多已有居民。 - - But most of that land was already occupied. 31 00:01:34,830 --> 00:01:39,540 - 我们在此居住已超过一万年。 - - We have been residents for more than 10,000 years. 32 00:01:39,540 --> 00:01:41,950 - 但这是两种不同生活方式 - - But this is a clash of two different ways 33 00:01:41,950 --> 00:01:44,540 的冲突。 - of seeing life itself. 34 00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:47,620 一方面是为家园的未来而战， - Fighting for the future of your homeland on the one side, 35 00:01:48,870 --> 00:01:50,450 另一方面是为 - and fighting for the destiny 36 00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:52,790 新共和国的命运而战。 - of the new republic on the other side. 37 00:01:56,580 --> 00:01:59,540 西部历史是一个创世故事。 - The history of the West is a creation story. 38 00:02:00,870 --> 00:02:03,540 它创造了我们所认为的现代美国。 - It's the creation of what we think of as modern America. 39 00:02:04,790 --> 00:02:07,660 - 西部是一个一切皆有可能的地方。 - - The West is a place where anything is possible. 40 00:02:09,500 --> 00:02:12,450 它是美国梦的精髓。 - - It is the essence of the American Dream. 41 00:02:13,870 --> 00:02:16,370 - 核心在于，我们将成为一个怎样的国家？ - - The core of this, is what are we to be as a nation? 42 00:02:17,370 --> 00:02:19,290 清算的时刻即将到来。 - - The reckoning is coming. 43 00:02:19,290 --> 00:02:21,370 西部是这块画布 - - The West is this canvas 44 00:02:21,370 --> 00:02:25,040 美国梦在此变得比生命更宏大。 - on which American dreams become larger than life. 45 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:36,120 1803年3月。 - March 1803. 46 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:38,290 美国还很年轻。 - The United States is young. 47 00:02:38,290 --> 00:02:40,580 独立仅20年， - It's been independent for just 20 years, 48 00:02:40,580 --> 00:02:42,410 其经济和基础设施 - and its economy and infrastructure 49 00:02:42,410 --> 00:02:44,540 仍处于起步阶段。 - are still in their infancy. 50 00:02:44,540 --> 00:02:46,540 但这个国家正在快速发展。 - But the nation is growing fast. 51 00:02:48,540 --> 00:02:51,790 俄亥俄州刚作为第17个州加入联邦。 - Ohio has just entered the union as the 17th state. 52 00:02:53,370 --> 00:02:58,200 美国人口为530万，并以每年35%的速度增长。 - The US population is 5.3 million, and rising 35% a year. 53 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:02,370 大多数美国人是农民。 - The majority of Americans are farmers. 54 00:03:02,370 --> 00:03:04,700 而对托马斯·杰斐逊总统而言， - And for President Thomas Jefferson, 55 00:03:04,700 --> 00:03:07,620 共和国的未来寄托在他们肩上。 - the future of the republic rests on their shoulders. 56 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:11,410 - 在杰斐逊看来， - - To Jefferson's mind, 57 00:03:11,410 --> 00:03:14,950 理想的美国公民是耕种 - the ideal American citizen was a farmer 58 00:03:14,950 --> 00:03:16,870 一小块土地的农民。 - cultivating a small tract of land. 59 00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:20,410 - 杰斐逊将自耕农视为 - - Jefferson saw the yeoman farmer 60 00:03:20,410 --> 00:03:22,790 几乎是天生的贵族。 - as almost a natural aristocrat. 61 00:03:22,790 --> 00:03:26,870 他反对欧洲文化中 - And he was opposed to that inherited aristocracy 62 00:03:26,870 --> 00:03:28,870 那种世袭的贵族制度。 - of Europe culture. 63 00:03:28,870 --> 00:03:31,250 杰斐逊也需要美国农民 - Jefferson also needs American farmers 64 00:03:31,250 --> 00:03:33,330 来建设国家经济， - to build the nation's economy, 65 00:03:33,330 --> 00:03:35,330 但随着更多定居者西迁， - but as more settlers move West, 66 00:03:35,330 --> 00:03:38,120 密西西比河对于贸易和运输 - the Mississippi River becomes increasingly vital 67 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:39,750 变得愈发重要， - for trade and transport, 68 00:03:39,750 --> 00:03:43,080 且易受外国势力影响。 - and it's vulnerable to foreign influence. 69 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:46,080 - 法国刚刚接管了 - - France has just taken over the lands 70 00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:48,040 密西西比河以西的土地。 - west of the Mississippi River. 71 00:03:48,040 --> 00:03:51,160 西班牙在下面的墨西哥，是另一个威胁。 - Spain is down in Mexico, another threat. 72 00:03:51,160 --> 00:03:53,540 英国在北边的加拿大， - The British are up north in Canada, 73 00:03:53,540 --> 00:03:57,040 因此仍有帝国环绕着 - so you still have empires that are circling 74 00:03:57,040 --> 00:04:00,580 美国，或从四面施压。 - around the United States or pressing in from all sides. 75 00:04:01,910 --> 00:04:04,540 面对如此多潜在的欧洲威胁， - With so many potential European threats, 76 00:04:04,540 --> 00:04:07,250 杰斐逊需要确保美国农民 - Jefferson needs to make sure American farmers 77 00:04:07,250 --> 00:04:09,830 能够自由使用密西西比河 - have free access to the Mississippi River 78 00:04:09,830 --> 00:04:11,410 运输他们的作物。 - to ship their crops. 79 00:04:11,410 --> 00:04:15,370 因此他谋求获取新奥尔良港。 - So he looks to acquire the port of New Orleans. 80 00:04:15,370 --> 00:04:18,370 - 那就是杰斐逊的全部目的，控制这座港口城市， - - That's all Jefferson wants, control of the port city, 81 00:04:18,370 --> 00:04:21,660 这样我们就能控制所有顺流而下的农产品 - so we can control all of that produce going down river 82 00:04:21,660 --> 00:04:24,200 并将其置于美国管辖之下。 - and it'll be under American jurisdiction. 83 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:25,870 但杰斐逊必须与 - But Jefferson will have to bargain 84 00:04:25,870 --> 00:04:27,870 法兰西共和国的领袖， - with the leader of the French Republic, 85 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:31,330 拿破仑·波拿巴谈判。 - Napoleon Bonaparte. 86 00:04:31,330 --> 00:04:34,500 - 拿破仑怀有建立全球帝国的计划， - - Napoleon has designs on a global empire, 87 00:04:34,500 --> 00:04:37,120 其中包括西半球， - which includes the western hemisphere, 88 00:04:37,120 --> 00:04:38,830 但当海地发生奴隶起义时， - but when slaves revolt in Haiti, 89 00:04:38,830 --> 00:04:42,290 拿破仑发现自己陷入了困境。 - Napoleon finds himself in the midst of a quagmire. 90 00:04:42,290 --> 00:04:46,250 - 他的帝国目标开始瓦解。 - - His imperial goals are starting to fall apart. 91 00:04:46,250 --> 00:04:48,200 他需要为这支军队提供资金， - He needs to finance this army 92 00:04:48,200 --> 00:04:51,580 他正在寻找任何可能的脱身之法。 - and he's looking for any way out that he can. 93 00:04:51,580 --> 00:04:54,500 - 杰斐逊派他的外交官去出价 - - Jefferson sent his diplomats over to make an offer 94 00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:57,370 购买新奥尔良，那时拿破仑说， - for New Orleans, and that's when Napoleon said, 95 00:04:57,370 --> 00:04:58,700 "嗯，新奥尔良不好说。 - "Well, I don't know about New Orleans. 96 00:04:58,700 --> 00:05:00,540 你们何不把整个地方都买下？" - Why don't you buy the whole thing?" 97 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:03,450 拿破仑提出将整个路易斯安那领地 - Napoleon offers to sell the United States 98 00:05:03,450 --> 00:05:06,500 卖给美国， - the entire territory of Louisiana, 99 00:05:06,500 --> 00:05:08,750 这片广阔的领土绵延 - a vast swath of land that stretches 100 00:05:08,750 --> 00:05:12,000 从密西西比河到落基山脉。 - from the Mississippi to the Rockies. 101 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,750 - 82万8千平方英里， - - 828,000 square miles, 102 00:05:14,750 --> 00:05:19,790 5亿7千5百万英亩，售价1560万美元。 - 575 million acres for $15.6 million. 103 00:05:19,790 --> 00:05:24,660 人类历史上最伟大的土地交易，每英亩3美分， - The greatest land sale in human history, 3 cents per acre, 104 00:05:24,660 --> 00:05:26,870 使我们的共和国规模翻倍， - doubling the size of our republic 105 00:05:27,870 --> 00:05:30,790 仅凭杰斐逊大笔一挥。 - with a single stroke of Jefferson's pen. 106 00:05:30,790 --> 00:05:33,700 我们难以完全理解这一时刻的意义。 - It's impossible for us to get our brains around this moment. 107 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:39,540 随着法国势力 - With France now gone 108 00:05:39,540 --> 00:05:41,540 退出北美大陆， - from the North American continent, 109 00:05:41,540 --> 00:05:44,540 美国少了一个竞争对手。 - the United States is down one rival. 110 00:05:44,540 --> 00:05:48,330 现在，它的主要威胁是其前殖民统治者， - Now, its primary threat is its former colonial ruler, 111 00:05:48,330 --> 00:05:50,040 大不列颠。 - Great Britain. 112 00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:54,500 - 1783年的《巴黎和约》解决了独立战争， - - The Treaty of Paris in 1783 settles the revolution 113 00:05:54,500 --> 00:05:56,700 美国认为，"好了，我们现在自由了。 - and the US thinks, "Okay, we're free now. 114 00:05:56,700 --> 00:05:59,870 我们摆脱了英国的影响，我们是自己人了。" - We're free of British influence, we're our own people." 115 00:05:59,870 --> 00:06:01,870 英国却不这么想。 - The British aren't thinking the same way. 116 00:06:01,870 --> 00:06:05,580 他们伺机想要推翻美国。 - They're looking to push over the US at any opportunity. 117 00:06:06,540 --> 00:06:07,870 凭借其广泛的 - With their extensive network 118 00:06:07,870 --> 00:06:10,700 北美据点网络，英国 - of North American outposts, the British 119 00:06:10,700 --> 00:06:14,370 经营着世界上最赚钱的毛皮贸易。 - run the most profitable fur trade in the world. 120 00:06:14,370 --> 00:06:17,250 - 毛皮贸易，即17、18和19世纪 - - The fur trade, the trade in animal pelts 121 00:06:17,250 --> 00:06:19,700 动物毛皮的贸易， - in the 17th and the 18th and 19th century, 122 00:06:19,700 --> 00:06:24,250 是整个西方世界最强大的 - was one of the greatest economic machines 123 00:06:24,250 --> 00:06:26,450 经济引擎之一。 - in the entire Western world. 124 00:06:27,700 --> 00:06:30,000 以武器和其他货物作为交换， - In exchange for weapons and other goods, 125 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:31,870 原住民交易珍贵的毛皮， - Native people trade valuable fur 126 00:06:31,870 --> 00:06:35,620 如狐皮、貂皮、水貂皮和海獭皮， - such as fox, marten, mink, and sea otter, 127 00:06:35,620 --> 00:06:37,660 欧洲人将这些毛皮运往海外 - which Europeans take overseas 128 00:06:37,660 --> 00:06:39,830 加价出售。 - and sell at a markup. 129 00:06:39,830 --> 00:06:42,540 - 英国在毛皮贸易方面 - - The British had a tremendously developed 130 00:06:42,540 --> 00:06:44,700 拥有高度发达的基础设施。 - infrastructure in the fur trade. 131 00:06:44,700 --> 00:06:47,370 他们可以轻易地从加拿大南下进入 - It was easy to come down from Canada into 132 00:06:47,370 --> 00:06:49,540 理论上属于美国的领土， - what was technically US territory 133 00:06:49,540 --> 00:06:53,040 夺取毛皮，或交易毛皮。 - and take furs, or trade for furs. 134 00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:55,410 杰斐逊推测新获得的 - Jefferson suspects the newly acquired 135 00:06:55,410 --> 00:06:58,410 路易斯安那领地充满了毛皮 - territory of Louisiana is filled with furs 136 00:06:58,410 --> 00:07:01,000 和其他宝贵资源。 - and other valuable resources. 137 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:04,790 他请求国会资助一次勘探该地区的远征。 - He asked Congress to fund an expedition to explore the area. 138 00:07:06,290 --> 00:07:08,200 - 他想知道那里有什么。 - - He wants to know what's out there. 139 00:07:08,200 --> 00:07:10,580 各种各样的动植物、 - Various flora and fauna 140 00:07:10,580 --> 00:07:15,870 鸟类和鱼类物种，他想了解一切。 - and species of bird and fish, and he wants to know it all. 141 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,540 杰斐逊委派两名陆军军官， - Jefferson tasks two Army officers, 142 00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:21,830 梅里韦瑟·刘易斯和威廉·克拉克， - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, 143 00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:24,040 执行一项任务，率领一支探索军团 - with a mission to lead a Corps of Discovery 144 00:07:24,040 --> 00:07:26,000 进入路易斯安那领地。 - into Louisiana territory. 145 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:30,000 1804年5月，他们从圣路易斯出发， - In May of 1804, they head west 146 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:32,410 沿着密苏里河西进。 - from St. Louis on the Missouri River. 147 00:07:33,370 --> 00:07:35,250 - 而有能力完成这种任务的年轻人 - - And the kind of young men who were capable 148 00:07:35,250 --> 00:07:36,910 就像海豹突击队员一样。 - of doing this are like Navy Seals. 149 00:07:36,910 --> 00:07:39,040 我们其他人在刘易斯与克拉克远征中 - The rest of us wouldn't last two days 150 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:40,660 连两天都撑不过。 - on the Lewis and Clark expedition. 151 00:07:42,450 --> 00:07:45,250 这支队伍共有45人， - The party totals 45, 152 00:07:45,250 --> 00:07:47,700 包括科学家、摄影师、 - including scientists, photographers, 153 00:07:47,700 --> 00:07:49,500 以及几名身体健康、 - and several healthy young men 154 00:07:49,500 --> 00:07:51,830 拥有卓越生存技能的年轻男子。 - with exceptional survival skills. 155 00:07:51,830 --> 00:07:56,040 其中包括32岁的约翰·科尔特尔。 - Among them is 32-year-old John Colter. 156 00:07:59,250 --> 00:08:03,040 - 约翰·科尔特尔于18世纪70年代初出生在弗吉尼亚， - - John Colter is born in Virginia in the early 1770s 157 00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:04,620 在一个农场长大， - and he grows up on a farm 158 00:08:04,620 --> 00:08:06,870 并有机会接触广袤的户外。 - and has access to the great outdoors. 159 00:08:07,790 --> 00:08:09,540 他花了很多时间在那里， - And spends a lot of time there 160 00:08:09,540 --> 00:08:11,950 真正学习如何在森林中活动。 - really learning his way around a forest. 161 00:08:17,250 --> 00:08:20,040 - 约翰·科尔特尔是梅里韦瑟·刘易斯和威廉·克拉克 - - John Colter is the type of person 162 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:23,120 试图为探索军团招募的 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were trying to recruit 163 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:24,580 那种类型的人。 - for the Corps of Discovery. 164 00:08:24,580 --> 00:08:26,700 非凡的耐力、 - Extraordinary endurance, 165 00:08:26,700 --> 00:08:29,200 惊人的户外技能、 - incredible outdoor skills, 166 00:08:29,200 --> 00:08:33,330 以及随机应变处理事务的能力， - and ability to confront things in a spontaneous fashion, 167 00:08:33,330 --> 00:08:38,540 并且能在非常遥远的地点会合。 - and able to rendezvous at a very distant location. 168 00:08:38,540 --> 00:08:42,700 而这些品质他都绰绰有余。 - And he had all of those things in spades. 169 00:08:42,700 --> 00:08:44,580 - 当我们想到棒球天才 - - When we think of, like, a natural in baseball 170 00:08:44,580 --> 00:08:47,700 或运动天才时，他就是个天生的山地人。 - or a natural athlete, he was a natural mountain man. 171 00:08:49,330 --> 00:08:51,450 他能读懂土地。 - He could read the land. 172 00:08:51,450 --> 00:08:54,160 他拥有大多数人不具备的技能。 - He had skills that most people don't have. 173 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:55,580 他有干劲。 - He had drive. 174 00:08:57,370 --> 00:08:59,080 - 他是一个抗拒 - - He is a person who is resistant 175 00:08:59,080 --> 00:09:01,450 现代社会束缚的人， - to the strictures of modern society, 176 00:09:01,450 --> 00:09:03,700 抗拒规则、教会、法律， - of rules, of churches, of laws, 177 00:09:03,700 --> 00:09:06,200 他会觉得远离所有这些， - and he's gonna be much more comfortable 178 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:08,620 身处荒野之中要自在得多。 - away from all that, out there in the wilderness. 179 00:09:09,870 --> 00:09:11,700 - 能够参与一项由美国国会授权 - - To be part of a historic mission 180 00:09:11,700 --> 00:09:14,660 的历史性任务， - that's authorized by the Congress of the United States, 181 00:09:14,660 --> 00:09:17,370 这一定令人无比陶醉。 - that had to be so intoxicating. 182 00:09:17,370 --> 00:09:18,700 这就是登月任务。 - This is the moon mission. 183 00:09:18,700 --> 00:09:20,750 这就是火星任务。 - This is a mission to Mars. 184 00:09:21,700 --> 00:09:23,080 随着探索军团 - As the Corps of Discovery 185 00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:25,870 深入这片未知的领土， - heads deeper into this uncharted territory, 186 00:09:25,870 --> 00:09:27,750 他们经历了北部平原 - they experienced the harsh conditions 187 00:09:27,750 --> 00:09:29,700 的恶劣环境。 - of the Northern Plains. 188 00:09:31,950 --> 00:09:35,370 他们也发现了这片土地传说中的美丽， - They also discover the fabled beauty of the land 189 00:09:35,370 --> 00:09:38,160 并遇到了以此为家的原住民部落。 - and encounter the Native nations who call it home. 190 00:09:39,540 --> 00:09:41,580 - 最大的误解是认为 - - The biggest misconception is that 191 00:09:41,580 --> 00:09:43,330 西部是一片处女地。 - the west was a virgin land. 192 00:09:44,410 --> 00:09:46,160 他们很清楚事实并非如此， - They knew better, 193 00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:49,200 而我们当然更清楚那不是处女地， - and we certainly know better that it wasn't a virgin land, 194 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:50,790 而是有人居住的土地。 - it was a peopled land. 195 00:09:51,750 --> 00:09:53,080 在密西西比河以东， - East of the Mississippi, 196 00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:55,750 原住民部落正被涌入的美国定居者 - Native nations are being pushed off their lands 197 00:09:55,750 --> 00:09:58,040 赶出他们的土地。 - by an onslaught of American settlers. 198 00:09:59,290 --> 00:10:02,120 探索军团发现，西部的情况则不同。 - It's different in the West, as the Corps discovers. 199 00:10:03,580 --> 00:10:07,250 - 他们不仅试图收集科学信息， - - They are trying to collect not only scientific information, 200 00:10:07,250 --> 00:10:10,750 还收集外交和军事信息， - but also diplomatic and military information 201 00:10:10,750 --> 00:10:13,370 以便能够确定， - in order to be able to ascertain, 202 00:10:13,370 --> 00:10:18,370 控制这个地方， - how hard is it going to be to get control of this place, 203 00:10:18,370 --> 00:10:21,620 或控制不同民族居住的众多地方，难度有多大。 - or the many places that different peoples inhabit. 204 00:10:21,620 --> 00:10:24,450 他们需要原住民 - They require a tremendous amount 205 00:10:24,450 --> 00:10:26,580 提供大量帮助。 - of help from Native peoples. 206 00:10:26,580 --> 00:10:29,200 - 他们的队伍中有一位法国人， - - They had, among their party, the Frenchman, 207 00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:31,290 他认识一些原住民， - who knew some of the Native peoples, 208 00:10:31,290 --> 00:10:35,200 还有他的妻子，即众所周知的萨卡加维亚。 - and his wife that everyone knows as Sacagawea. 209 00:10:36,580 --> 00:10:39,080 作为向导和翻译， - Serving as a guide and translator, 210 00:10:39,080 --> 00:10:42,540 萨卡加维亚被证明对这次任务具有无可估量的价值。 - Sacagawea will prove invaluable to the mission. 211 00:10:42,540 --> 00:10:46,450 以至于刘易斯和克拉克以她的名字命名了一条河流。 - So much so that Lewis and Clark name a river in her honor. 212 00:10:47,410 --> 00:10:49,700 - 通常，与印第安人的联系至关重要， - - Oftentimes, it's connections with Indians that are crucial 213 00:10:49,700 --> 00:10:51,750 因为如果印第安人不希望你留在那里， - because if Indians don't want you there, 214 00:10:53,830 --> 00:10:55,040 你在那里就待不久。 - you're not gonna last long there. 215 00:11:00,250 --> 00:11:02,540 在远征的第一年里， - Throughout the expedition's first year, 216 00:11:02,540 --> 00:11:04,870 刘易斯和克拉克在北部平原 - Lewis and Clark encounter numerous tribes 217 00:11:04,870 --> 00:11:06,910 遇到了许多部落。 - across the Northern Plains. 218 00:11:06,910 --> 00:11:09,160 约翰·科尔特尔证明了自己的价值。 - John Colter proves his word. 219 00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:11,040 - 约翰·科尔特尔结果非常擅长 - - John Colter turns out to be really good 220 00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:12,540 与美洲原住民互动、 - interacting with Native Americans, 221 00:11:12,540 --> 00:11:15,290 与他们进行交易并从他们那里获取信息。 - and bartering with them, and getting information from them. 222 00:11:15,290 --> 00:11:17,830 他还非常擅长在荒野中 - He's also really good at navigating his way 223 00:11:17,830 --> 00:11:19,080 导航寻路。 - through wilderness. 224 00:11:19,080 --> 00:11:20,620 所以每当有任务需要 - And so whenever there's a job to be done 225 00:11:20,620 --> 00:11:22,330 派一个人走一百英里 - to send somebody a hundred miles 226 00:11:22,330 --> 00:11:24,040 去完成某项工作， - on a journey to do something, 227 00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:25,700 他们都会挑选约翰·科尔特尔，因为他能完成任务 - they pick John Colter because he can do it 228 00:11:25,700 --> 00:11:27,620 并且能找到回来的路。 - and he can find his way back. 229 00:11:31,750 --> 00:11:33,700 刘易斯和克拉克委派科尔特尔 - Lewis and Clark task Colter 230 00:11:33,700 --> 00:11:36,870 寻找一名失踪的队员。 - with finding a lost member of the corps. 231 00:11:36,870 --> 00:11:39,200 他们派他执行侦察任务， - They send him on scouting missions 232 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:41,830 他很快赢得了 - and he quickly gains a reputation 233 00:11:41,830 --> 00:11:44,080 队伍中最熟练猎手之一的声音。 - as one of the most skilled hunters in the party. 234 00:11:46,160 --> 00:11:48,040 - 我的意思是，想象一下那种情景， - - I mean, just imagine what it was like 235 00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:51,200 独自一人，每天面临危险， - to be alone, danger every day, 236 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:54,040 完全不知道会遇到什么。 - have no idea what you're going to encounter. 237 00:11:54,040 --> 00:11:57,120 他成了一名专业的西部人。 - He became a professional man of the West. 238 00:11:58,910 --> 00:12:00,330 当探索军团沿着 - As the corps makes its way 239 00:12:00,330 --> 00:12:01,870 密苏里河上行时， - up the Missouri River, 240 00:12:01,870 --> 00:12:04,370 科尔特尔不禁注意到一种特定动物 - Colter can't help but notice the abundance 241 00:12:04,370 --> 00:12:05,870 数量极其丰富。 - of a particular animal. 242 00:12:05,870 --> 00:12:07,080 - 一路向上， - - All the way up, 243 00:12:07,080 --> 00:12:09,950 他们看到的海狸越来越多， - they're seeing more and more and more beaver 244 00:12:10,950 --> 00:12:13,700 他，和探索军团里的其他人一样，在想 - and he, like others, on the Corps of Discovery are thinking 245 00:12:13,700 --> 00:12:16,120 这里蕴藏着财富。 - that there's wealth to be had here. 246 00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:18,950 - 海狸是一种非常独特的物种， - - Beaver are such unique species 247 00:12:18,950 --> 00:12:22,250 因为它们的皮毛上的毛发非常浓密， - because their hair is so dense on their hide 248 00:12:22,250 --> 00:12:25,410 这使得它极其柔软、非常耐用， - and it makes it extremely soft, very durable, 249 00:12:25,410 --> 00:12:28,330 因此在19世纪，它变得极其流行用于制作高顶礼帽， - and so it became extremely popular for top hats 250 00:12:28,330 --> 00:12:29,790 在19世纪非常流行。 - during the 19th century. 251 00:12:30,870 --> 00:12:33,370 - 海狸皮成为热门商品之一， - - Beaver fur becomes one of the hot commodities, 252 00:12:33,370 --> 00:12:36,370 essentially 19世纪初的黄金。 - essentially the gold of the early 19th century. 253 00:12:36,370 --> 00:12:39,870 所以，能够获取海狸皮的人 - So, the person that can acquire beaver pelts 254 00:12:39,870 --> 00:12:41,410 就等于坐拥财富。 - is sitting on a fortune. 255 00:12:42,790 --> 00:12:44,870 到了1806年夏天， - By the summer of 1806, 256 00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:47,200 探索军团终于开始返回 - the Corps of Discovery is finally headed back 257 00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:48,910 圣路易斯。 - towards St. Louis. 258 00:12:48,910 --> 00:12:51,040 在两年多的时间里， - Over the course of two years, 259 00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:54,950 他们完成了一次惊人的8000英里往返航行， - they've made an incredible 8,000 mile round trip voyage 260 00:12:54,950 --> 00:12:57,830 不仅绘制了路易斯安那领地， - mapping not only the Louisiana territory 261 00:12:57,830 --> 00:13:00,540 还包括太平洋西北部的广阔区域。 - but vast areas of the Pacific Northwest. 262 00:13:01,790 --> 00:13:04,700 他们对河流、山脉、 - Their discoveries of rivers, mountains, 263 00:13:04,700 --> 00:13:06,790 原住民部落、植物和动物的发现 - Native nations, plants, and animals 264 00:13:06,790 --> 00:13:09,200 创建了一份西部目录， - create a catalog of the West 265 00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:12,450 详细记录在刘易斯和克拉克的日记中。 - drawn in detail in the journals of Lewis and Clark. 266 00:13:14,870 --> 00:13:17,540 - 他们越过了黄石河。 - - So they get beyond the Yellowstone River. 267 00:13:17,540 --> 00:13:19,040 他们离圣路易斯如此之近， - They're this close to St. Louis 268 00:13:20,540 --> 00:13:22,700 他们遇到了很久、很久以来 - and they encounter the first white men they have seen 269 00:13:22,700 --> 00:13:25,370 见到的第一批白人。 - for a very, very long time. 270 00:13:25,370 --> 00:13:28,950 他们名叫福雷斯特·汉考克和约瑟夫·迪克森。 - Their names are Forrest Hancock and Joseph Dickson. 271 00:13:28,950 --> 00:13:30,410 他们经历了一段艰难时期， - They've had a rough time of it 272 00:13:30,410 --> 00:13:33,290 现在他们希望通过捕捉海狸 - and now they're in hopes of repairing their fortunes 273 00:13:33,290 --> 00:13:34,580 来重振财运。 - by trapping beaver. 274 00:13:36,120 --> 00:13:39,330 - 整个国家海狸最丰富的地区之一 - - One of the most beaver-rich areas in the entire nation 275 00:13:39,330 --> 00:13:41,500 就在密苏里河源头附近， - was around the headwaters of the Missouri River, 276 00:13:41,500 --> 00:13:43,750 而科尔特尔刚随刘易斯与克拉克远征队 - and that's where Colter had just come from 277 00:13:43,750 --> 00:13:45,870 从那里回来。 - with the Lewis and Clark expedition. 278 00:13:45,870 --> 00:13:47,750 因此他是极少数真正到过那个地方的 - And so he's one of the very few white men 279 00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:49,500 白人之一。 - to have actually been to that place. 280 00:13:51,450 --> 00:13:54,200 - 汉考克和迪克森问两位队长， - - Hancock and Dickson, they asked the captains, 281 00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:56,080 "你们中间是否有人愿意 - "Is there anyone among you who might be willing 282 00:13:56,080 --> 00:13:57,410 跟我们回去， - to come back with us 283 00:13:57,410 --> 00:13:59,500 充当向导或伙伴？" - to serve as a kind of guide or companion?" 284 00:14:01,700 --> 00:14:03,370 刘易斯和克拉克心想，你们疯了吗？ - And Lewis and Clark think, are you nuts? 285 00:14:03,370 --> 00:14:06,160 你知道，我们再有几周就到家了。 - You know, we're just weeks from home. 286 00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:08,700 当然没人会愿意返回。 - Of course no one's gonna turn back. 287 00:14:11,290 --> 00:14:15,870 而科尔特尔站出来说："我来做。 - And Colter steps forward and says, "I'll do it. 288 00:14:15,870 --> 00:14:17,700 我想做。 - I wanna do it. 289 00:14:17,700 --> 00:14:19,540 我想回去。" - I wanna go back." 290 00:14:24,870 --> 00:14:27,370 于是在1806年秋天， - So in the fall of 1806, 291 00:14:27,370 --> 00:14:30,330 约翰·科尔特尔转身返回西部， - John Colter turns back to the West 292 00:14:30,330 --> 00:14:32,950 而探索军团的其余人员则返回家园。 - while the rest of the Corps of Discovery heads home. 293 00:14:34,540 --> 00:14:35,950 他们已经与美国社会 - They have been out of contact 294 00:14:35,950 --> 00:14:39,080 失联近两年了。 - with American society for nearly two years. 295 00:14:41,330 --> 00:14:43,080 - 因为他们离开得太久， - - Because they were gone so long, 296 00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:45,370 人们都以为他们已经遇难了。 - people just assumed that they too had perished. 297 00:14:46,950 --> 00:14:50,450 - 所以，当他们最终出现在圣路易斯时， - - And so, when they finally show up in St. Louis, 298 00:14:50,450 --> 00:14:53,290 就好像死而复生一样。 - it's like they came back from the dead. 299 00:14:53,290 --> 00:14:54,910 "我们回来了！" - "Here we are!" 300 00:14:54,910 --> 00:14:56,870 随着他们返回的消息传开， - As news of their return spreads, 301 00:14:56,870 --> 00:14:59,870 刘易斯和克拉克成了全国名人。 - Lewis and Clark become national celebrities. 302 00:14:59,870 --> 00:15:02,370 美国人津津乐道于他们详尽的描述， - Americans savor their detailed accounts 303 00:15:02,370 --> 00:15:05,120 关于蛮荒边疆及其财富的故事。 - of the wild frontier and its riches. 304 00:15:07,540 --> 00:15:10,580 - 梅里韦瑟·刘易斯给杰斐逊总统写了一封 - - Meriwether Lewis writes this very reassuring 305 00:15:10,580 --> 00:15:12,370 非常令人安心的信。 - letter to President Jefferson. 306 00:15:12,370 --> 00:15:14,910 "西部基本上拥有 - "The West abounds with essentially 307 00:15:14,910 --> 00:15:16,450 无限数量的海狸。 - infinite numbers of beaver. 308 00:15:17,540 --> 00:15:20,450 这种资源是取之不尽的。" - This resource is unlimited." 309 00:15:22,790 --> 00:15:24,120 对杰斐逊总统而言， - For President Jefferson, 310 00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:27,410 这一发现带来了一个绝佳的机会， - this discovery presents an incredible opportunity, 311 00:15:27,410 --> 00:15:30,450 一个在毛皮贸易中与英国竞争的机会。 - a chance to compete with the British in the fur trade. 312 00:15:34,410 --> 00:15:37,540 一些美国捕兽人已经沿着密苏里河 - A handful of American trappers are already making their way 313 00:15:37,540 --> 00:15:41,080 向上游进发，其中包括约翰·科尔特尔。 - up the Missouri River, including John Colter. 314 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:45,160 - 科尔特尔与汉考克和迪克森一起返回， - - And Colter turns back with Hancock and Dickson 315 00:15:45,160 --> 00:15:47,370 并上行至黄石河口。 - and goes up to the mouth of the Yellowstone. 316 00:15:47,370 --> 00:15:49,000 他知道这里蕴藏着无限的财富， - He knows its unlimited wealth 317 00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:50,620 如果你真能开发利用的话。 - if you can really harvest this. 318 00:15:53,160 --> 00:15:56,080 - 到了19世纪初，在美国有一种观念， - - By the early 1800s, the idea in America 319 00:15:56,080 --> 00:15:59,330 即一个人可以出身非常卑微， - that one can come from very humble circumstances 320 00:15:59,330 --> 00:16:01,330 通过努力工作和一点运气， - and through hard work and a little bit of luck, 321 00:16:01,330 --> 00:16:03,910 就能提升自己的社会阶层。 - one can elevate themselves up to a higher class. 322 00:16:03,910 --> 00:16:07,580 经过200年的殖民，这种观念已根深蒂固。 - That has been firmly entrenched after 200 years of colonization. 323 00:16:07,580 --> 00:16:10,540 因此，像约翰·科尔特尔这样的人深受这种观念影响， - And so people like John Colter are imbued with that idea 324 00:16:10,540 --> 00:16:13,040 认为尽管我出身卑微， - that even though I'm born to humble circumstances, 325 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:14,500 我可以进入毛皮贸易行业。 - I can get into the fur trade. 326 00:16:14,500 --> 00:16:16,910 如果我努力工作，全力以赴， - And if I work hard and I apply myself, 327 00:16:16,910 --> 00:16:19,500 我就能变得非常富有。 - I can become fabulously wealthy. 328 00:16:23,040 --> 00:16:25,160 当约翰·科尔特尔带领迪克森和汉考克 - As John Colter leads Dickson and Hancock 329 00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:26,950 沿密苏里河上行时， - up the Missouri River, 330 00:16:26,950 --> 00:16:30,000 1806年的冬天即将来临。 - the winter of 1806 is about to set in. 331 00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:34,370 他知道要想生存下去， - He knows if he wants to survive, 332 00:16:34,370 --> 00:16:36,750 就必须找到原住民盟友。 - he'll have to find Native allies. 333 00:16:36,750 --> 00:16:39,370 于是他在克劳族附近扎营。 - So he sets up camp near the Crow. 334 00:16:40,580 --> 00:16:43,200 - 19世纪的克劳族人居住 - - Crow people in the 19th century were located 335 00:16:43,200 --> 00:16:46,250 在黄石河两岸的广大地区。 - all along both sides of the Yellowstone River. 336 00:16:46,250 --> 00:16:51,250 我们占据的区域面积约达4000万英亩。 - We occupied an area that was about 40 million acres in size. 337 00:16:51,250 --> 00:16:55,040 克劳族人并不纠结于种族政治。 - Crow people are not hung up on race politics. 338 00:16:55,040 --> 00:16:57,250 他们欢迎任何 - They are welcoming of anyone 339 00:16:57,250 --> 00:16:59,950 愿意来分享他们社区生活的人。 - who wants to come and share their community. 340 00:16:59,950 --> 00:17:01,620 他们向这些人敞开大门， - They're opening their doors to them 341 00:17:01,620 --> 00:17:04,290 约翰·科尔特尔就是其中之一。 - and John Colter is one of those people. 342 00:17:05,370 --> 00:17:08,120 他懂得如何使用简单的通用手语。 - He knows how to speak plain sign language. 343 00:17:09,580 --> 00:17:12,660 一旦一个人学会了使用这种语言， - Once a person could learn how to use this language, 344 00:17:13,870 --> 00:17:15,450 他就能够与 - then they were able to communicate 345 00:17:15,450 --> 00:17:18,370 北部或南部平原上的任何部落交流。 - with any tribe on the northern or southern plains. 346 00:17:18,370 --> 00:17:21,200 科尔特尔进来了，他正在获取 - Colter comes in and he's gaining 347 00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:23,250 这些部落数百上千年 - hundreds, thousands of years 348 00:17:23,250 --> 00:17:25,250 积累的当地知识。 - of local knowledge from these tribes. 349 00:17:27,120 --> 00:17:29,410 他在地上看到的每一种植物， - Every plant that he's looking at on the ground 350 00:17:29,410 --> 00:17:31,700 克劳族人都能辨认出它 - is something that the Crows can identify as something 351 00:17:31,700 --> 00:17:36,040 要么可食用，要么有某种实用价值。 - that's either edible or useful in some utilitarian way. 352 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:50,660 但有些原住民部落不希望美国人 - But some Native nations don't want Americans 353 00:17:50,660 --> 00:17:53,000 在他们的土地上捕兽。 - trapping on their lands. 354 00:17:58,950 --> 00:18:01,330 - 黑脚族强烈反对 - - The Blackfeet are strongly opposed 355 00:18:01,330 --> 00:18:04,160 美国毛皮商人沿密苏里河上行 - to American fur traders coming up the Missouri River 356 00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:06,250 进入黑脚族领地， - into Blackfeet territory, 357 00:18:06,250 --> 00:18:08,870 许多这样的毛皮商人 - and many of those fur traders 358 00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:10,620 最终付出了生命的代价。 - ended up paying with their lives. 359 00:18:11,830 --> 00:18:14,200 - 黑脚族被 - - The Blackfeet were feared by 360 00:18:14,200 --> 00:18:16,200 像克劳族这样的邻近美洲原住民部落所畏惧， - their Native American neighbors like the Crow, 361 00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:19,120 他们将这种恐惧传递给了 - and they transmitted this fear to 362 00:18:19,120 --> 00:18:20,750 后来的白人。 - the white folks that came on. 363 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:24,370 "小心黑脚族。" - Watch out for the Blackfeet. 364 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:32,370 到19世纪初，黑脚族与英国拥有的 - By the early 1800s, the Blackfeet had been trading 365 00:18:32,370 --> 00:18:36,290 哈德逊湾公司进行贸易已有数十年， - with the British-owned Hudson's Bay Company for decades, 366 00:18:36,290 --> 00:18:38,910 这使他们成为北部平原上 - making them one of the most heavily armed tribes 367 00:18:38,910 --> 00:18:40,830 武装最精良的部落之一。 - on the Northern Plains. 368 00:18:40,830 --> 00:18:44,250 但英国尊重黑脚族的主权， - But while the British respect the Blackfeet's sovereignty, 369 00:18:44,250 --> 00:18:47,540 美国人却在未经许可的情况下使用他们的土地。 - Americans are using their lands without permission. 370 00:18:47,540 --> 00:18:50,620 - 黑脚族让很多山地人不得不退休。 - - The Blackfeet made a lot of mountain men retire. 371 00:18:52,250 --> 00:18:54,950 他们在北部平原生活了数千年， - They have been on the Northern Plains thousands of years 372 00:18:54,950 --> 00:18:57,540 并且在军事上控制着 - and they control, militaristically, 373 00:18:57,540 --> 00:19:00,040 蒙大拿州的整个北部地区， - the entire northern portion of Montana, 374 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:01,790 范围可能达数百英里。 - probably for several hundred miles. 375 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:05,120 - 这是他们主权所属的家园， - - This is their sovereign homeland 376 00:19:05,120 --> 00:19:07,290 突然之间，这些外来者闯入， - and suddenly, these people from outside are in, 377 00:19:07,290 --> 00:19:10,660 没有许可，没有协商， - no license, no negotiation, 378 00:19:10,660 --> 00:19:14,660 就这么进来，猎杀生物然后带走。 - just coming in, killing stuff and and taking it out. 379 00:19:15,870 --> 00:19:18,830 黑脚族正确地认识到这是一个威胁。 - The Blackfeet rightly understand that this is a threat. 380 00:19:21,660 --> 00:19:23,540 约翰·科尔特尔在黑脚族最凶猛的对手 - John Colter has found allies 381 00:19:23,540 --> 00:19:27,040 克劳族中找到了盟友， - in the Blackfeet's fiercest rivals, the Crow, 382 00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:29,410 克劳族向科尔特尔指明了安全的捕兽地点 - who show Colter where it's safe to trap 383 00:19:29,410 --> 00:19:32,700 以及需要避开的地方。 - and which places to avoid. 384 00:19:32,700 --> 00:19:36,200 但即使有了一些帮助，这项工作依然艰苦无比。 - But even with some help, the work is relentless. 385 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:38,660 - 海狸皮毛在仲冬时节 - - The beaver fur is thickest 386 00:19:38,660 --> 00:19:40,410 最厚，也最有价值。 - and most valuable in the middle of winter. 387 00:19:40,410 --> 00:19:42,540 为了设置陷阱， - And in order to set the traps 388 00:19:42,540 --> 00:19:44,370 并取回被捕的海狸， - and to retrieve the beaver, if they do get trapped, 389 00:19:44,370 --> 00:19:45,790 你必须进入水中， - you have to go in the water 390 00:19:45,790 --> 00:19:47,370 在极度寒冷的气温下作业。 - in absolutely freezing temperatures. 391 00:19:47,370 --> 00:19:49,200 如果你弄湿了身体，天气又非常寒冷， - And if you get wet and it's really cold, 392 00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:51,580 你可能会很快冻死。 - you can freeze to death very quickly. 393 00:19:53,370 --> 00:19:55,870 科尔特尔熬过了漫长的冬天， - Colter makes it through the long winter, 394 00:19:55,870 --> 00:19:59,700 但严酷的条件让他的伙伴们无法承受。 - but the harsh conditions prove too much for his partners. 395 00:20:00,870 --> 00:20:02,700 - 我认为汉考克和迪克森 - - I think Hancock and Dickson 396 00:20:02,700 --> 00:20:04,660 确实不具备应有的素质。 - really don't have the right stuff. 397 00:20:04,660 --> 00:20:07,700 他们自己也知道，所以才会求助。 - They knew it, that's why they asked for help. 398 00:20:07,700 --> 00:20:09,540 最终他放弃了他们。 - And so he finally gives up on them. 399 00:20:10,540 --> 00:20:12,410 科尔特尔离开了汉考克和迪克森， - Colter leaves Hancock and Dickson 400 00:20:12,410 --> 00:20:13,750 留下了所有补给品。 - with all the provisions. 401 00:20:14,870 --> 00:20:17,370 到了1807年春天， - By the spring of 1807, 402 00:20:17,370 --> 00:20:20,450 他独自一人沿着密苏里河顺流而下， - he's on his way back down the Missouri River, 403 00:20:20,450 --> 00:20:22,200 铩羽而归，形单影只。 - defeated and alone. 404 00:20:23,410 --> 00:20:26,500 但在西部，机会从不遥远。 - But in the West, opportunity is never far away. 405 00:20:27,410 --> 00:20:29,000 - 这一次，他一直走到了 - - This time, he gets all the way 406 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,160 普拉特河口。 - to the mouth of the Platte River. 407 00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:32,200 此时他离圣路易斯只有几天路程了， - So he's just days from St. Louis now, 408 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:34,580 他遇到了曼努埃尔·利萨。 - and he meets Manuel Lisa. 409 00:20:36,120 --> 00:20:38,200 利萨是个西班牙人。 - Now, Lisa a Spaniard. 410 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:41,660 他是个野心勃勃、干劲十足的人， - He is a very ambitious and driven man 411 00:20:41,660 --> 00:20:44,580 正带领着一大群人 - and he is leading a large group 412 00:20:44,580 --> 00:20:46,200 前往黄石地区， - up to the Yellowstone country 413 00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:48,830 进行工业化的海狸捕猎。 - to do industrial extraction of beaver. 414 00:20:49,870 --> 00:20:51,620 - 科尔特尔发现曼努埃尔·利萨的远征队中 - - Colter discovers that there are several members 415 00:20:51,620 --> 00:20:55,160 有几位他的朋友， - of his friends in Manuel Lisa's expedition 416 00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:58,370 于是他同意为曼努埃尔·利萨工作。 - and he agrees to work for Manuel Lisa. 417 00:20:58,370 --> 00:21:00,370 - 科尔特尔再次转身返回。 - - And Colter turns back again. 418 00:21:00,370 --> 00:21:03,330 这意味着他无法摆脱西部的诱惑。 - So, this means he can't get it out of his system. 419 00:21:03,330 --> 00:21:06,540 西部有某种如此 compelling 的东西， - There's something so compelling in the West 420 00:21:06,540 --> 00:21:10,200 让他一次又一次地克服谨慎， - that he overcomes his caution again and again and again, 421 00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:13,040 几乎到了濒临死亡的地步。 - very nearly to the point of death. 422 00:21:15,120 --> 00:21:17,080 到19世纪初， - By the early 1800s, 423 00:21:17,080 --> 00:21:19,950 英属加拿大的毛皮贸易已经蓬勃发展了 - British Canadian fur trade has been going strong 424 00:21:19,950 --> 00:21:21,870 近两个世纪， - for nearly two centuries 425 00:21:21,870 --> 00:21:25,540 而美国才刚刚开始追赶。 - and the United States is just beginning to catch up. 426 00:21:25,540 --> 00:21:28,040 - 在美国，我的意思是，他们只是勉强维持， - - In the US, I mean, they're kind of hobbling along 427 00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:32,700 骑着马，用绳索拉着船在河上航行， - on horses and hauling boats up rivers with ropes, 428 00:21:32,700 --> 00:21:35,540 与英国高效的毛皮贸易相比相形见绌。 - compared to this very efficient British fur trade. 429 00:21:37,250 --> 00:21:39,540 - 我们对这一时期毛皮贸易的印象 - - Our image of the fur trade during this period 430 00:21:39,540 --> 00:21:43,830 被那些浪漫而迷人的人物所主导， - is dominated by these romantic fascinating characters, 431 00:21:43,830 --> 00:21:45,870 即山地人，他们显然 - the mountain men, and they were obviously, 432 00:21:45,870 --> 00:21:47,910 算是其中的劳动力， - they were sort of the working force of it, 433 00:21:47,910 --> 00:21:52,370 但这一切都是由更大的企业运营的。 - but all of this was run by larger businesses. 434 00:21:52,370 --> 00:21:54,120 英国人已经在加拿大 - The British have already established 435 00:21:54,120 --> 00:21:56,700 建立了主要的毛皮贸易据点， - major fur trading outposts in Canada, 436 00:21:56,700 --> 00:21:59,290 例如哈德逊湾公司， - such as the Hudson's Bay Company, 437 00:21:59,290 --> 00:22:01,450 雇佣了数百名捕兽人， - employing hundreds of trappers 438 00:22:01,450 --> 00:22:04,040 并产生了可观收入。 - and generating a hefty stream of revenue. 439 00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:07,580 相比之下，美国的大平原地区 - By contrast, the American Great Plains 440 00:22:07,580 --> 00:22:09,620 则完全没有这类设施， - has nothing of the sort 441 00:22:09,620 --> 00:22:13,000 直到曼努埃尔·利萨冒险沿密苏里河而上。 - until Manuel Lisa ventures up the Missouri River. 442 00:22:14,700 --> 00:22:17,410 - 曼努埃尔·利萨将是第一个在那里 - - Manuel Lisa will be the first to establish 443 00:22:17,410 --> 00:22:18,870 建立贸易站的人。 - a trading post there. 444 00:22:18,870 --> 00:22:21,370 这是一个毛皮商人和货商可以全年 - This is a place that traders can trade their furs 445 00:22:21,370 --> 00:22:22,660 进行交易的地方， - and their wares all year, 446 00:22:22,660 --> 00:22:24,250 美洲原住民也可以来 - where Native Americans can come 447 00:22:24,250 --> 00:22:25,830 进行商业活动。 - and engage in commerce as well. 448 00:22:25,830 --> 00:22:28,540 因此，它成为推动西部殖民漫长进程中 - So it becomes an important economic driver 449 00:22:28,540 --> 00:22:31,700 一个重要的经济驱动力。 - in this long move toward the settlement of the West. 450 00:22:32,790 --> 00:22:35,790 - 曼努埃尔·利萨在大霍恩河口 - - Manuel Lisa creates his trade fort 451 00:22:35,790 --> 00:22:37,000 建立了他的贸易堡垒。 - at the mouth of the Big Horn. 452 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:40,040 位于阿布萨罗卡克劳族领地的中心。 - So in the heart of Absaroka Crow Country. 453 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:43,450 与克劳族保持良好关系符合他们的利益。 - It's in their interest to be on good terms with the Crow. 454 00:22:44,540 --> 00:22:46,540 科尔特尔与克劳族打交道的经验 - Colter's Experience with the Crow 455 00:22:46,540 --> 00:22:49,580 使他成为负责与当地部落 - makes him the perfect man to head up trade relations 456 00:22:49,580 --> 00:22:51,500 贸易关系的绝佳人选。 - with the local tribes. 457 00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:53,750 - 曼努埃尔·利萨希望科尔特尔去通知 - - Manuel Lisa wants Colter to go around 458 00:22:53,750 --> 00:22:55,330 各个部落， - and inform the different tribes 459 00:22:55,330 --> 00:22:56,910 将有一个新的贸易站成立， - that there's going be a new trading post, 460 00:22:56,910 --> 00:22:58,620 欢迎他们来那里 - that they're welcome to come there 461 00:22:58,620 --> 00:23:00,410 用他们的兽皮进行交易。 - and trade with their hides. 462 00:23:00,410 --> 00:23:03,410 这将成为北部平原上的 - And so this is gonna be a new Costco 463 00:23:03,410 --> 00:23:05,040 一家新的好市多或沃尔玛。 - or Walmart on the Northern Plains. 464 00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:12,540 - 如果你问他："你需要什么？" - - If you'd said to him, "What do you have to have?" 465 00:23:12,540 --> 00:23:17,410 他会说："火药、子弹、步枪、手斧、刀。 - He would've said, "Powder, ball, rifle, hatchet, knife. 466 00:23:17,410 --> 00:23:19,330 除此之外，我都能应付， - Beyond that, I can make do, 467 00:23:19,330 --> 00:23:21,200 我会做鹿皮鞋，会做衣服， - I can make moccasins, I can make clothes, 468 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:23,040 会屠宰动物。" - I can butcher animals." 469 00:23:26,540 --> 00:23:27,830 - 科尔特尔对黄石河上游的 - - Colter's exploration 470 00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:30,080 探索是传奇性的。 - of the upper Yellowstone is legendary. 471 00:23:34,040 --> 00:23:37,540 他向西穿过风河山脉， - He makes his way west of the Wind River range 472 00:23:37,540 --> 00:23:40,660 进入我们所知的黄石火山口。 - into what we know of as the Yellowstone Caldera. 473 00:23:43,540 --> 00:23:47,370 他亲历了间歇喷泉，看到了热泉池。 - He experiences the geysers, he sees the hot pools. 474 00:23:48,660 --> 00:23:50,080 - 他遇到的这些事物 - - He's encountering these things 475 00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:52,830 原本只有原住民才知道。 - that only indigenous people would've known. 476 00:23:52,830 --> 00:23:56,830 从这个意义上说，这就像发现了一个新大陆。 - And so in that way, it's like discovering a new continent. 477 00:23:59,370 --> 00:24:00,870 当科尔特尔为利萨的贸易站 - As Colter lays the groundwork 478 00:24:00,870 --> 00:24:04,700 即雷蒙德堡打下基础时， - for Lisa's trading post known as Fort Raymond, 479 00:24:04,700 --> 00:24:07,660 他帮助建立了美国西部这一地区的 - he helps to create the first commercial infrastructure 480 00:24:07,660 --> 00:24:09,830 首个商业基础设施。 - for this region of the American West. 481 00:24:11,540 --> 00:24:14,910 这正是托马斯·杰斐逊所希望的， - This is what Thomas Jefferson has been hoping for, 482 00:24:14,910 --> 00:24:17,540 但他的愿景不止于此。 - but his vision doesn't stop there. 483 00:24:17,540 --> 00:24:20,750 对他而言，北部平原的毛皮贸易 - To him, the fur trade in the Northern Plains 484 00:24:20,750 --> 00:24:23,080 是通往太平洋沿岸的门户。 - is a gateway to the Pacific Coast. 485 00:24:24,750 --> 00:24:27,540 - 所以在19世纪初的这些年份里， - - So in these years, the very early 1800s, 486 00:24:27,540 --> 00:24:31,540 西海岸实际上是无人认领的领土。 - the West Coast is really unclaimed territory. 487 00:24:31,540 --> 00:24:34,450 严格来说，西班牙的势力范围北至旧金山， - Technically, Spain's up as far as San Francisco, 488 00:24:34,450 --> 00:24:38,000 俄罗斯毛皮商人的足迹远至阿拉斯加。 - you have Russian fur traders way up in Alaska. 489 00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:42,700 在阿拉斯加的俄罗斯毛皮贸易点 - And then between those Russian fur posts 490 00:24:42,700 --> 00:24:44,870 和旧金山之间，有着 - in Alaska and San Francisco, you have 491 00:24:44,870 --> 00:24:49,040 2000英里无人认领的西北海岸线。 - 2,000 miles of unclaimed coast in the northwest. 492 00:24:49,040 --> 00:24:53,580 这在土地和毛皮方面都是不可思议的资源， - This is an incredible resource in both land and in furs, 493 00:24:53,580 --> 00:24:56,080 英国知道这一点，美国也知道。 - and Britain knows it, and the US knows it. 494 00:24:57,040 --> 00:24:59,620 - 英国人和美国人最终陷入了一场 - - The British and the Americans eventually end up 495 00:24:59,620 --> 00:25:02,700 可以说是毛皮贸易的军备竞赛， - in a fur trading arms race, so to speak, 496 00:25:02,700 --> 00:25:05,290 竞相以最快速度开采 - to extract as quickly as they can 497 00:25:05,290 --> 00:25:08,160 北美西部大部分地区剩余的毛皮。 - the remaining furs across most of Western North America. 498 00:25:10,450 --> 00:25:12,250 但随着美国贸易网络 - But as American trade networks 499 00:25:12,250 --> 00:25:14,000 向落基山脉推进， - advance towards the Rockies, 500 00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:17,250 它在原住民部落中引起了动荡。 - it causes turmoil among the Native nations. 501 00:25:18,500 --> 00:25:20,870 - 这些部落中有很多都有协议。 - - A lot of these tribes have agreements. 502 00:25:20,870 --> 00:25:22,870 他们彼此和平相处。 - They're peaceful with one another. 503 00:25:22,870 --> 00:25:26,370 随着拓荒者和其他美国人向西迁移， - As pioneers and other Americans move westward, 504 00:25:26,370 --> 00:25:29,870 部落逐渐失去土地和资源， - tribes steadily lose land and resources, 505 00:25:29,870 --> 00:25:32,950 这导致了他们之间的冲突。 - and that causes conflict amongst them. 506 00:25:32,950 --> 00:25:35,580 克劳族和黑脚族之间的敌对 - The rivalry between the Crow and the Blackfeet 507 00:25:35,580 --> 00:25:37,870 已经持续了数十年。 - has been building for decades. 508 00:25:37,870 --> 00:25:41,580 争夺领土和马的战斗很常见。 - Fights over territory and horses are common. 509 00:25:41,580 --> 00:25:43,580 但最新的症结 - But the latest sticking point 510 00:25:43,580 --> 00:25:46,410 是曼努埃尔·利萨的贸易堡垒。 - is Manuel Lisa's trading fort. 511 00:25:46,410 --> 00:25:49,040 - 克劳族正在受益，因为他们现在能获得 - - The Crow are benefiting because now they're getting 512 00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:50,330 步枪和弹药， - rifle and shot, 513 00:25:50,330 --> 00:25:52,580 能获得水壶、手帕、珠子， - they're getting kettles, and handkerchiefs, and beads, 514 00:25:52,580 --> 00:25:55,450 以及所有他们想要并能使用的东西。 - and all the things that they want and can use. 515 00:25:55,450 --> 00:25:57,540 所以他们喜欢这种安排。 - And so they like this arrangement. 516 00:25:57,540 --> 00:26:01,500 但黑脚族明白，这个堡垒意味着一件事， - But the Blackfeet know that the fort means one thing, 517 00:26:01,500 --> 00:26:04,080 即更多美国人将侵入他们的土地。 - more Americans trespassing on their lands. 518 00:26:05,370 --> 00:26:07,120 不久之后，约翰·科尔特尔 - And it's not long before John Colter 519 00:26:07,120 --> 00:26:09,830 就发现自己卷入了冲突。 - finds himself caught in the fray. 520 00:26:15,450 --> 00:26:17,790 当约翰·科尔特尔在1808年春天 - As John Colter returns from his thousand-mile trek 521 00:26:17,790 --> 00:26:20,200 完成一千英里的跋涉返回时， - in the spring of 1808, 522 00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:23,700 他途经两个原住民部落， - he passes through the middle of a generational conflict 523 00:26:23,700 --> 00:26:25,950 克劳族和他们的对手黑脚族之间 - between two Native nations, 524 00:26:25,950 --> 00:26:28,790 世代冲突的中心地带。 - the Crow and their rivals, the Blackfeet. 525 00:26:29,750 --> 00:26:32,500 - 当科尔特尔于1808年离开曼努埃尔·利萨堡 - - When Colter leaves Fort Manuel Lisa in 1808 526 00:26:32,500 --> 00:26:34,290 向西行进时， - and makes his way to the West, 527 00:26:34,290 --> 00:26:37,700 他遇到了一群克劳族的狩猎采集者， - he comes into a group of Crow hunter gatherers 528 00:26:37,700 --> 00:26:40,000 并加入了他们的群体。 - and he joins their group. 529 00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:44,330 - 他们遭遇了一支规模庞大的黑脚族队伍， - - And they encounter a very large contingent of Blackfeet, 530 00:26:44,330 --> 00:26:45,700 随后发生了战斗。 - and there's a battle. 531 00:26:46,750 --> 00:26:48,660 科尔特尔是克劳族世界的一份子。 - Colter's part of the Crow world. 532 00:26:48,660 --> 00:26:51,120 他自然会和克劳族并肩作战。 - He's naturally gonna fight with the Crow. 533 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:54,290 - 在随后的冲突中，约翰·科尔特尔， - - In the ensuing clash, John Colter, 534 00:26:54,290 --> 00:26:55,870 他是个神枪手， - he's a really good shot, 535 00:26:55,870 --> 00:26:57,540 所以他最终击毙了数名黑脚族战士， - so he ends up killing a number of Blackfeet warriors 536 00:26:57,540 --> 00:27:00,000 自己的腿部也受了伤。 - before getting wounded himself in the leg. 537 00:27:00,950 --> 00:27:02,620 受伤流血的他， - Wounded and bleeding, 538 00:27:02,620 --> 00:27:04,660 科尔特尔长途跋涉， - Colter hikes the long trail, 539 00:27:04,660 --> 00:27:06,830 踏雪返回了雷蒙德堡。 - through the snow, back to Fort Raymond. 540 00:27:07,830 --> 00:27:10,700 但他的勇敢给黑脚族留下了深刻印象。 - But his bravery has left its mark on the Blackfeet. 541 00:27:11,870 --> 00:27:13,330 - 当你谈到约翰·科尔特尔参与的那个时代 - - When you talk about plains Indian warfare 542 00:27:13,330 --> 00:27:16,160 的平原印第安人战争时， - at the time that John Colter was engaged in it, 543 00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:17,620 那是相当近距离的。 - it was pretty close up. 544 00:27:17,620 --> 00:27:19,790 那是一种相当个人化的战斗方式， - It was pretty personal style of fighting 545 00:27:19,790 --> 00:27:21,250 所以人们能看到你。 - so people could see you. 546 00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:23,870 他们会记住你的长相。 - They would remember what you looked like. 547 00:27:23,870 --> 00:27:27,040 所以，如果他在1808年与黑脚族作战， - And so, if he fought against Blackfeet in 1808, 548 00:27:27,040 --> 00:27:29,080 他们很可能会记得他是谁， - it's likely that they remembered who he was 549 00:27:29,080 --> 00:27:30,910 并且能认出他。 - and that they could identify him. 550 00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:34,580 但当他在雷蒙德堡康复时， - But as he recovers at Fort Raymond, 551 00:27:34,580 --> 00:27:38,200 荒野的诱惑让他无法抗拒， - the allure of the wilderness is too great for him to resist, 552 00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:41,540 他已经在计划下一步行动了。 - and he's already planning his next move. 553 00:27:41,540 --> 00:27:43,040 - 在科尔特尔康复期间， - - While Colter is convalescing, 554 00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:45,870 他看到各种捕兽人带着毛皮来到堡垒， - he sees all kind of trappers coming into the fort with fur 555 00:27:45,870 --> 00:27:47,910 赚了很多钱。 - and making really good money. 556 00:27:47,910 --> 00:27:49,700 这开始让他心痒， - And it starts to gnaw at him 557 00:27:49,700 --> 00:27:51,450 因为他是个出色的捕兽人， - because he's an exceptional trapper, 558 00:27:51,450 --> 00:27:53,790 他懂得如何做这个。 - he knows how to do this. 559 00:27:55,540 --> 00:27:57,830 - 于是科尔特尔伤愈后， - - So Colter heals up from his injury 560 00:27:57,830 --> 00:27:59,500 就像任何优秀的牛仔一样， - and like any good cowboy, 561 00:27:59,500 --> 00:28:01,750 他想重新骑上马背。 - he wants to get back up on that horse. 562 00:28:01,750 --> 00:28:04,870 与此同时，纽约一位富有的企业家 - Meanwhile, a wealthy entrepreneur in New York 563 00:28:04,870 --> 00:28:07,580 也盯上了毛皮贸易， - also has his eyes on the fur trade 564 00:28:07,580 --> 00:28:10,250 怀有垄断市场的宏伟野心。 - with grand ambitions to corner the market. 565 00:28:10,250 --> 00:28:12,540 - 约翰·雅各布·阿斯特出生在德国， - - Well, John Jacob Astor was born in Germany 566 00:28:12,540 --> 00:28:13,950 家境一般。 - in modest circumstances. 567 00:28:13,950 --> 00:28:16,700 他十几岁时来到美国， - He comes to America as a teenager, 568 00:28:16,700 --> 00:28:19,540 听说了关于这项利润丰厚的毛皮贸易的谈论。 - he hears talk about this lucrative fur trade. 569 00:28:19,540 --> 00:28:20,790 他怎么做呢？ - So what does he do? 570 00:28:20,790 --> 00:28:23,200 他到了纽约，去了一家皮货店， - He gets to New York and he goes into a furrier, 571 00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:25,870 尽可能学习有关这门贸易的一切， - and he learns everything he can about the trade, 572 00:28:25,870 --> 00:28:27,910 然后设法自立门户， - and then somehow goes out on his own 573 00:28:27,910 --> 00:28:30,040 最终成为美国 - and eventually becomes the first 574 00:28:30,040 --> 00:28:32,750 第一个千万富翁。 - multimillionaire in America. 575 00:28:32,750 --> 00:28:35,200 - 杰斐逊收到了约翰·雅各布·阿斯特的一封信， - - Jefferson gets a letter from John Jacob Astor 576 00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:37,450 信中对杰斐逊说： - and the letter says to Jefferson, 577 00:28:37,450 --> 00:28:40,000 "我有一项计划，旨在获取 - "I have a plan for capturing 578 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,160 北美全部的毛皮财富。" - the entire fur wealth of North America." 579 00:28:43,160 --> 00:28:46,950 杰斐逊说："这人是谁？ - And Jefferson says, "Who is this guy? 580 00:28:46,950 --> 00:28:49,450 来白宫吧，我们谈谈。" - Come on down to the White House, let's talk." 581 00:28:49,450 --> 00:28:51,700 1808年夏天， - In the summer of 1808, 582 00:28:51,700 --> 00:28:54,870 阿斯特前往华盛顿会见总统， - Astor goes to Washington to meet the president 583 00:28:54,870 --> 00:28:57,200 并阐述了他的计划。 - and lays out his plans. 584 00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:00,040 他将建立一个从密苏里河 - He'll set up a network of trading posts 585 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:03,790 一直延伸到太平洋沿岸的贸易站网络， - all the way from the Missouri River to the Pacific Coast, 586 00:29:03,790 --> 00:29:05,790 在那里他将建立一个前哨站， - where he'll establish an outpost 587 00:29:05,790 --> 00:29:09,330 将美国毛皮贸易与亚洲、 - to link the American fur trade with Asia, 588 00:29:09,330 --> 00:29:11,500 阿拉斯加及其他地区连接起来。 - Alaska, and beyond. 589 00:29:11,500 --> 00:29:13,120 - 这是一个宏伟的愿景， - - It's this grand vision 590 00:29:13,120 --> 00:29:15,120 他们开完会后都充满干劲， - and they've come out all pumped out of this meeting 591 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:18,200 杰斐逊说："我会尽我所能帮助你。" - and Jefferson says, "I will help you in any way I can." 592 00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:20,410 当然，这将有助于他们 - Well, of course, this'll help them 593 00:29:20,410 --> 00:29:22,410 在毛皮贸易中击败英国。 - crush Britain in the fur trade. 594 00:29:23,750 --> 00:29:25,370 但阿斯特并不是唯一一个 - But Astor's not the only one 595 00:29:25,370 --> 00:29:28,200 想在毛皮贸易中发财的人。 - looking to make his fortune in the fur trade. 596 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:31,200 1808年秋天，科尔特尔决定 - In the fall of 1808, Colter decides 597 00:29:31,200 --> 00:29:34,040 开始另一次捕猎远征。 - to embark on another trapping expedition. 598 00:29:35,080 --> 00:29:38,200 对毛皮的竞争从未如此激烈， - Competition for furs has never been greater, 599 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:40,870 但科尔特尔有一个优势。 - but Colter has an advantage. 600 00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:44,160 他熟悉地形，了解部落， - He knows the terrain, he knows the tribes, 601 00:29:44,160 --> 00:29:46,080 而且只有他知道在哪里能找到 - and he alone knows where to find 602 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:49,200 最密集的海狸种群， - the densest population of beaver, 603 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:51,910 就在黑脚族领地的正中心。 - right in the middle of Blackfeet territory. 604 00:29:53,200 --> 00:29:55,870 - 当捕兽人初次来到黑脚族领地时， - - When fur trappers first came to Blackfeet country, 605 00:29:55,870 --> 00:29:58,370 黑脚族告诉他们："不要在这里猎捕这些海狸， - the Blackfeet told them, "Don't hunt these beavers here 606 00:29:58,370 --> 00:30:00,290 否则我们会把你们赶出去。" - or we're gonna chase you out of here." 607 00:30:00,290 --> 00:30:02,830 许多捕兽人决定不顾警告 - A lot of fur trappers decided that they were gonna go ahead 608 00:30:02,830 --> 00:30:04,370 继续设陷阱捕猎， - and trap anyway, 609 00:30:04,370 --> 00:30:07,330 其中很多人结果都不太好。 - and a lot of them didn't have very good results. 610 00:30:09,410 --> 00:30:12,450 - 科尔特尔意识到他们正处于 - - Colter is aware that they are in the territory 611 00:30:12,450 --> 00:30:14,830 黑脚族部落巡逻的领土上， - that is patrolled by the Blackfeet tribe, 612 00:30:14,830 --> 00:30:17,750 这使得这次行动非常危险。 - which makes it a very perilous venture. 613 00:30:17,750 --> 00:30:19,580 但他知道前景很好， - But he knows his prospects are great 614 00:30:19,580 --> 00:30:20,870 如果能成功到达那里， - and if he gets out there, 615 00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:23,830 他就能干得不错，也许能发财。 - he can do well and maybe make his fortune. 616 00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:27,830 科尔特尔决定和一个伙伴一起去， - Colter decides to go in with a partner, 617 00:30:27,830 --> 00:30:30,080 一个他完全信任的人， - someone he already trusts, 618 00:30:30,080 --> 00:30:31,950 他选择了约翰·波茨， - and he chooses John Potts, 619 00:30:31,950 --> 00:30:34,950 他在探索军团时的前独木舟队友。 - his former canoe mate from the Corps of Discovery. 620 00:30:36,290 --> 00:30:39,410 - 科尔特尔向波茨建议，他们大部分的捕猎活动， - - Colter suggests to Potts that they do most of their trapping 621 00:30:39,410 --> 00:30:41,870 以及设置和清理陷阱的工作都在夜间进行， - and most of their setting and cleaning of traps at night, 622 00:30:41,870 --> 00:30:43,700 借助黑暗的掩护。 - under the cover of darkness. 623 00:30:43,700 --> 00:30:46,080 - 这个办法奏效了一段时间。 - - And so it works for a while. 624 00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:48,410 他们设法避开了黑脚族的视线， - They managed to stay out of the Black purview there 625 00:30:48,410 --> 00:30:51,870 在几个月里捕到了不少海狸。 - and trap quite a few beavers for several months. 626 00:30:51,870 --> 00:30:54,120 - 一天清晨，太阳刚刚升起， - - And so one morning while the sun is coming up, 627 00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:56,120 他们正在设置和修理陷阱， - they are setting and repairing traps 628 00:30:57,700 --> 00:31:01,620 听到远处传来雷鸣般的轰响， - and they hear in the distance this thunderous roar, 629 00:31:01,620 --> 00:31:03,040 他们起初以为可能只是 - which they first think might be 630 00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:05,750 一群野牛经过。 - just a herd of buffalo passing by. 631 00:31:09,330 --> 00:31:12,580 - 就在这时，他们遭遇了一支 - - That's when they encounter a very large contingent 632 00:31:12,580 --> 00:31:14,870 规模庞大、怒气冲冲的黑脚族队伍。 - of very angry Blackfeet. 633 00:31:25,410 --> 00:31:27,910 - 科尔特尔和波茨正在河上的船里 - - Colter and Potts are on the river in their boat 634 00:31:27,910 --> 00:31:30,370 修理海狸陷阱， - fixing beaver traps, 635 00:31:30,370 --> 00:31:32,200 这时一大群黑脚族战士 - when a large group of Blackfeet warriors 636 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:34,950 出现在河岸上， - appears on the banks of the river 637 00:31:34,950 --> 00:31:37,040 打手势让他们上岸。 - and motions them to come ashore. 638 00:31:40,370 --> 00:31:42,080 - 约翰·科尔特尔意识到无路可逃。 - - John Colter realizes there's no escape. 639 00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:44,080 反抗毫无意义。 - It's totally pointless. 640 00:31:48,450 --> 00:31:49,950 - 嘿，等等，等等。 - - Hey, wait, wait, wait. 641 00:31:51,700 --> 00:31:53,580 - 科尔特尔准备上岸， - - And Colter is ready to go ashore 642 00:31:53,580 --> 00:31:56,500 因为那是对方的要求。 - because that's what they're asking him to do. 643 00:31:59,330 --> 00:32:04,080 而波茨则立刻犹豫起来。 - Potts, on the other hand, immediately hesitant. 644 00:32:07,410 --> 00:32:09,700 实际上，波茨举起了他的步枪， - And actually, Potts picks up his rifle 645 00:32:09,700 --> 00:32:12,410 瞄准了黑脚族人群。 - and aims at the Blackfeet group. 646 00:32:19,450 --> 00:32:23,040 黑脚族向波茨射出一阵箭雨， - The Blackfeet unleashed a barrage of arrows on Potts 647 00:32:23,040 --> 00:32:25,870 他很快就丧命了。 - and he was killed in pretty short order. 648 00:32:30,160 --> 00:32:32,250 - 他们把波茨带到岸上，将他肢解。 - - They bring Potts to the shore and they dismember him. 649 00:32:32,250 --> 00:32:35,580 他们在科尔特尔面前将他碎尸。 - They butcher him in front of Colter. 650 00:32:43,700 --> 00:32:47,200 - 科尔特尔听着黑脚族人商议 - - Colter listens to the Blackfeet as they adjudicate 651 00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:49,250 并决定如何处置他， - and decide what they're gonna do with him, 652 00:32:49,250 --> 00:32:52,160 他熟悉他们， - and he's familiar with them 653 00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:55,080 他们似乎也熟悉他。 - and they seem to be familiar with him. 654 00:32:56,200 --> 00:32:57,700 - 他几乎确信自己死定了， - - He's pretty sure he is a dead man, 655 00:32:57,700 --> 00:33:00,750 但仍愿意看看能否找到一线生机。 - but willing to see if he can maybe find a way out of this. 656 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:05,450 - 他们剥光了他的衣服， - - They strip him, 657 00:33:07,910 --> 00:33:09,700 包括他的鹿皮鞋。 - including his moccasins. 658 00:33:12,870 --> 00:33:14,540 - 他听着 - - And he listens in 659 00:33:14,540 --> 00:33:18,540 黑脚族长老们做决定。 - as the Blackfeet elders make a decision. 660 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:23,080 然后他们告诉他， - Then they report to him, 661 00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:25,200 我们给你一个活命的机会。 - we're giving you a chance to survive. 662 00:33:27,120 --> 00:33:30,500 他们用手语对他说，告诉他， - They're speaking to him in sign language, telling him, 663 00:33:30,500 --> 00:33:33,290 我们会让你知道什么时候可以开始跑。 - we'll let you know when you can start running. 664 00:33:53,450 --> 00:33:56,120 - 他开始尽全力奔跑，穿过这片平原。 - - He starts running as fast as he can across this plain. 665 00:33:56,120 --> 00:33:58,700 平原很平坦，但布满了仙人掌 - It's a flat plain but it's covered in prickly pear 666 00:33:58,700 --> 00:34:02,040 和各种其他东西，割伤了他的脚。 - and all sorts of other things that are slicing up his feet. 667 00:34:03,370 --> 00:34:06,540 科尔特尔可能是在为活命而奔跑， - Colter may be running for his life, 668 00:34:06,540 --> 00:34:08,870 但黑脚族是在保卫他们的家园， - but the Blackfeet are defending their homeland 669 00:34:08,870 --> 00:34:11,830 抵御不断 encroaching 的美国人。 - from the ever encroaching Americans. 670 00:34:11,830 --> 00:34:12,950 - 这不仅仅是一个 - - This is not just an opportunity 671 00:34:12,950 --> 00:34:15,370 向约翰·科尔特尔复仇的机会。 - to get revenge against John Colter. 672 00:34:15,370 --> 00:34:18,540 这实际上是美洲原住民，特别是黑脚族， - This is actually part of a wider effort by Native Americans, 673 00:34:18,540 --> 00:34:21,830 为抵抗他们所认为的白人掠夺资源 - by the Blackfeet here to resist what they see now 674 00:34:21,830 --> 00:34:24,040 而进行的更广泛努力的一部分， - as white seizure of resources 675 00:34:24,040 --> 00:34:26,450 这些资源是美洲原住民所依赖的。 - that Native Americans have depended on. 676 00:34:26,450 --> 00:34:29,580 科尔特尔知道他生存的唯一希望 - Colter knows that his only hope of survival 677 00:34:29,580 --> 00:34:31,160 是到达一个堡垒。 - is to make it to a fort. 678 00:34:32,160 --> 00:34:34,790 - 他需要穿越六英里的开阔地带， - - He's got six miles of open territory to traverse 679 00:34:34,790 --> 00:34:38,700 然后，他离最近的堡垒还有200英里。 - and then, he's still 200 miles away from the nearest fort. 680 00:34:39,700 --> 00:34:42,160 - 血从他的鼻子和嘴里涌出， - - Blood was gushing out of his nose and mouth, 681 00:34:42,160 --> 00:34:43,500 他的肺快要炸了。 - his lungs were bursting. 682 00:34:43,500 --> 00:34:45,410 他的脚伤得非常重， - His feet were so badly damaged 683 00:34:45,410 --> 00:34:48,160 疼痛简直难以忍受。 - that the pain was just absolutely excruciating. 684 00:34:49,410 --> 00:34:51,330 - 跑到某个时候，他喘不过气了。 - - At a certain point, he's winded. 685 00:34:51,330 --> 00:34:53,370 他转身看看自己跑了多远， - He turns around to see his progress 686 00:34:53,370 --> 00:34:56,200 发现大多数战士都远远落在后面。 - and realizes that most of the warriors are far behind him. 687 00:34:58,370 --> 00:35:00,830 但有一个紧追不舍。 - But there's one that's right on his tail. 688 00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:19,330 约翰·科尔特尔猛地转身。 - John Colter wheels around. 689 00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:25,410 他的模样显然震惊了这名黑脚族印第安人， - And his appearance apparently shocks this Blackfoot Indian 690 00:35:25,410 --> 00:35:27,750 因为他浑身是血。 - because he's covered in blood. 691 00:35:31,500 --> 00:35:34,500 - 科尔特尔设法从他手中夺过了长矛， - - And Colter somehow manages to wrest the spear from him, 692 00:35:37,700 --> 00:35:39,790 并用它刺死了他。 - and stab him with it and kill him. 693 00:35:44,580 --> 00:35:46,120 - 没有时间品味胜利， - - There's no time to savor the victory 694 00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:49,830 因为还有数百名战士紧追在后。 - because he's got hundreds of other warriors hot on his tail. 695 00:35:54,500 --> 00:35:57,540 他以最快速度奔向附近的一条河。 - And heads as fast as he can to a river nearby. 696 00:35:57,540 --> 00:36:00,040 跳进河里，开始顺流游去， - Jumps in the river, begins to swim down river, 697 00:36:00,040 --> 00:36:03,370 试图摆脱紧追不舍的战士们。 - trying to get away from the warriors who are in hot pursuit. 698 00:36:05,200 --> 00:36:09,040 他最终来到一堆倒下的木材旁， - He eventually comes to a cluster of fallen timbers, 699 00:36:09,040 --> 00:36:10,500 这些原木很可能是 - logs that have been probably 700 00:36:10,500 --> 00:36:12,410 被上游的海狸啃倒的。 - chopped down by beavers upstream. 701 00:36:12,410 --> 00:36:15,580 如果他能钻到这堆原木下面， - If he can get underneath this pile of logs 702 00:36:15,580 --> 00:36:19,080 找到一个气穴，他或许就不会被发现。 - and find an air pocket, he might be undetectable. 703 00:36:21,580 --> 00:36:24,370 - 科尔特尔钻到下面，设法 - - Colter gets under it in such a way 704 00:36:24,370 --> 00:36:26,200 让鼻子和嘴 - that he can get his nose and mouth 705 00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:28,790 刚好露出水面。 - just above the water line. 706 00:36:30,580 --> 00:36:33,330 - 他在冰冷的水中等待着。 - - And he waits in ice cold water. 707 00:36:35,040 --> 00:36:36,910 最终，黑脚族人到了。 - Eventually, the Blackfeet arrive. 708 00:36:36,910 --> 00:36:39,250 - 你浑身冰冷，孤身一人，伤痕累累。 - - You're cold, you're alone, you're bruised. 709 00:36:39,250 --> 00:36:41,620 我不知道他在想什么， - I don't know what he's thinking, 710 00:36:41,620 --> 00:36:43,120 但我很确定他在想， - but I'm pretty sure he was thinking, 711 00:36:43,120 --> 00:36:45,290 "这是我生命的最后一天了。" - "This is the last day of my life." 712 00:36:59,580 --> 00:37:02,120 - 约翰·科尔特尔在冰冷的水中， - - John Colter's there in the freezing cold water 713 00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:04,330 藏在这堆原木下面。 - under this pile of logs. 714 00:37:07,500 --> 00:37:09,410 - 他伤势严重。 - - He's badly damaged. 715 00:37:09,410 --> 00:37:11,000 他精疲力尽。 - He's totally exhausted. 716 00:37:12,200 --> 00:37:14,200 黑脚族人仍在搜寻他。 - The Blackfeet, they're still searching for him. 717 00:37:17,540 --> 00:37:19,540 一整天，他们来回搜索， - All day, they were moving back and forth, 718 00:37:19,540 --> 00:37:21,450 "肯定就在这附近。" - gotta be here somewhere. 719 00:37:27,290 --> 00:37:28,660 - 黑脚族人因为找不到他 - - The Blackfeet become incensed 720 00:37:28,660 --> 00:37:31,620 而愤怒不已，最后只好放弃。 - at not being able to find him and leave him alone. 721 00:37:36,370 --> 00:37:37,750 - 他等待着。 - - And he waits. 722 00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:49,370 - 终于，只剩下他一个人了， - - Finally, he's alone 723 00:37:49,370 --> 00:37:53,290 他小心地从河里爬出来， - and he carefully crawls out from the river, 724 00:37:53,290 --> 00:37:58,790 开始步行200英里前往最近的堡垒。 - and begins to walk 200 miles to the nearest fort. 725 00:38:12,200 --> 00:38:15,040 - 他没有东西吃，靠吃树皮 - - He has nothing to eat, so he survives by eating bark 726 00:38:15,040 --> 00:38:16,540 和草根活了下来。 - and by eating roots. 727 00:38:21,830 --> 00:38:23,910 - 科尔特尔从克劳族印第安人那里 - - Colter learned how to harvest wild plants 728 00:38:23,910 --> 00:38:24,950 学会了如何采集野生植物。 - from the Crow Indians. 729 00:38:27,540 --> 00:38:30,950 科尔特尔生存真正需要的只是一根挖掘棒。 - All Colter really needed to survive was a digging stick. 730 00:38:34,540 --> 00:38:36,950 - 他最终到达了雷蒙德堡。 - - He eventually gets to Fort Raymond. 731 00:38:40,870 --> 00:38:44,250 根据他不同的讲述，有时是7天，有时是11天， - Sometimes in his telling, 7 days, sometimes 11 days, 732 00:38:44,250 --> 00:38:45,790 但这是一次不可思议的旅程。 - but an incredible journey. 733 00:38:46,700 --> 00:38:48,620 当科尔特尔到达堡垒时， - When Colter reaches the fort, 734 00:38:48,620 --> 00:38:50,700 他如此憔悴肮脏， - he's so emaciated and dirty 735 00:38:50,700 --> 00:38:53,330 他的同伴甚至认不出他。 - that his peers don't even recognize him. 736 00:38:54,700 --> 00:38:59,040 他康复后又继续冒险了两年， - He recovers and continues his adventures for two more years, 737 00:38:59,040 --> 00:39:02,540 但在又几次与黑脚族狭路相逢后， - but after a few more close calls with the Blackfeet, 738 00:39:02,540 --> 00:39:05,160 他终于决定金盆洗手。 - he finally decides to call it quits. 739 00:39:08,700 --> 00:39:12,410 1810年，他返回圣路易斯，在那里结婚， - In 1810, he returns to St. Louis where he marries 740 00:39:12,410 --> 00:39:15,790 并在密苏里河边建了一座小木屋， - and builds a small cabin by the Missouri River, 741 00:39:15,790 --> 00:39:19,330 与丹尼尔·布恩和他的家人为邻。 - next to Daniel Boone and his family. 742 00:39:20,830 --> 00:39:23,660 他很快有机会与整个国家分享 - He soon gets a chance to share his unparalleled knowledge 743 00:39:23,660 --> 00:39:25,120 他无与伦比的知识。 - with the entire nation. 744 00:39:27,620 --> 00:39:30,660 1811年，科尔特尔遇到一队探险家， - In 1811, Colter encounters a group of explorers 745 00:39:30,660 --> 00:39:33,330 他们正沿密苏里河上行。 - on their way up the Missouri River. 746 00:39:33,330 --> 00:39:36,290 这是约翰·雅各布·阿斯特的陆路远征队， - John Jacob Astor's overland expedition, 747 00:39:36,290 --> 00:39:38,200 他们正前往太平洋沿岸， - which is headed to the Pacific Coast 748 00:39:38,200 --> 00:39:39,750 去建立一个贸易堡垒。 - to set up a trading fort. 749 00:39:41,500 --> 00:39:45,700 - 约翰·科尔特尔向阿斯特的人讲述了他的故事， - - John Colter tells his story to the Astor people, 750 00:39:45,700 --> 00:39:48,580 其中有一位受过专业训练的英国科学家， - among whom is a trained British scientist, 751 00:39:48,580 --> 00:39:50,580 名叫约翰·布拉德伯里的植物学家， - botanist by the name of John Bradbury, 752 00:39:50,580 --> 00:39:53,450 他逐字逐句地记录下 - who writes down Colter's story 753 00:39:53,450 --> 00:39:56,540 科尔特尔被黑脚族追赶的故事。 - about being chased by the Blackfeet word for word. 754 00:39:56,540 --> 00:39:59,660 这成为约翰·科尔特尔故事的权威来源。 - And that's the definitive source of the John Colter story. 755 00:40:00,830 --> 00:40:03,500 科尔特尔的故事迅速传播开来， - Colter's tale quickly spreads, 756 00:40:03,500 --> 00:40:07,540 到19世纪30年代已成为广为人知的边疆传奇， - becoming a popular frontier legend by the 1830s, 757 00:40:07,540 --> 00:40:10,700 但随着一次次转述，故事出现了不同版本。 - but with each retelling, there are variations. 758 00:40:10,700 --> 00:40:13,870 虽然他确实从黑脚族手中逃脱了， - And while he surely escaped the Blackfeet, 759 00:40:16,540 --> 00:40:18,660 但他的故事有其特定目的。 - his story serves a purpose. 760 00:40:21,700 --> 00:40:25,200 - 我一直相信黑脚族 - - I've always believed that the Blackfeet 761 00:40:25,200 --> 00:40:29,410 是希望科尔特尔在那次奔逃中活下来的。 - wanted Colter to survive that run. 762 00:40:29,410 --> 00:40:31,580 他们希望被人畏惧， - They want to be feared, 763 00:40:31,580 --> 00:40:33,540 希望受人尊敬， - they want to be respected, 764 00:40:33,540 --> 00:40:35,040 而这正是一个机会， - and here's an opportunity for them 765 00:40:35,040 --> 00:40:38,910 可以通过一个传奇响亮而清晰地传递这个信息。 - to send that message loud and clear through a legend. 766 00:40:38,910 --> 00:40:40,750 无论你从哪个角度看， - No matter which way you look at it, 767 00:40:40,750 --> 00:40:43,700 约翰·科尔特尔都是一个了不起的人。 - John Colter is an amazing human being. 768 00:40:45,040 --> 00:40:47,580 任何一个人能赤身裸体穿越蒙大拿 - - Anyone who goes through Montana naked 769 00:40:47,580 --> 00:40:49,580 200英里都值得一枚奖章。 - for 200 miles deserves a medal. 770 00:40:50,910 --> 00:40:52,870 - 约翰·科尔特尔在塑造 - - John Colter is instrumental in creating 771 00:40:52,870 --> 00:40:56,660 西方人、山地人这种神话般形象方面起了关键作用， - this mythical image of the Westerner, the mountain man 772 00:40:56,660 --> 00:40:58,580 这种形象成为美国文化中 - that becomes a fixture in American culture 773 00:40:58,580 --> 00:41:00,330 一个固定组成部分， - so that in decades later, 774 00:41:00,330 --> 00:41:02,620 以至于几十年后， - Kit Carson will fill dime novels 775 00:41:02,620 --> 00:41:04,620 基特·卡森的英勇事迹 - with stories of his exploits. 776 00:41:04,620 --> 00:41:06,540 会充斥在廉价小说中。 - Teddy Roosevelt, even though he was born in Manhattan 777 00:41:06,540 --> 00:41:08,540 西奥多·罗斯福，尽管出生在曼哈顿， - and goes to Harvard, goes out west 778 00:41:08,540 --> 00:41:10,000 就读于哈佛，却去了西部， - and does a little dabbling in cattle. 779 00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:12,370 涉足了一点养牛业。 - And next thing you know, Teddy Roosevelt is this icon 780 00:41:12,370 --> 00:41:14,410 转眼之间，西奥多·罗斯福就成了 - of the American West. 781 00:41:17,290 --> 00:41:19,450 美国西部的标志性人物。 - But after Colter's story, 782 00:41:19,450 --> 00:41:23,120 但在科尔特尔的故事之后， - most Americans will avoid Blackfeet territory, 783 00:41:23,120 --> 00:41:25,870 大多数美国人会避开黑脚族领地， - reshaping the path to the west. 784 00:41:27,540 --> 00:41:29,250 从而改变了西进的路线。 - - It seems surprising 785 00:41:29,250 --> 00:41:31,660 - 看似令人惊讶的是， - that individuals off on their own 786 00:41:31,660 --> 00:41:33,950 单枪匹马的个体 - can be agents of historical change, 787 00:41:33,950 --> 00:41:35,700 竟能成为历史变革的推动者， - but that's essentially what the mountain men 788 00:41:35,700 --> 00:41:37,000 但这正是山地人 - become over time. 789 00:41:40,660 --> 00:41:42,540 随时间推移所扮演的角色。 - - John Colter and mountain men like him 790 00:41:42,540 --> 00:41:45,870 - 约翰·科尔特尔和他这样的山地人 - are really the spearhead of the westward movement 791 00:41:45,870 --> 00:41:48,700 实际上是西进运动的先锋， - because they learned from the tribes where the passes were, 792 00:41:48,700 --> 00:41:51,540 因为他们从部落那里学到了山口的位置、 - where the trails were, where the rivers were, 793 00:41:51,540 --> 00:41:53,790 小径的走向、河流的分布， - how to navigate the landscape. 794 00:41:53,790 --> 00:41:58,040 以及如何在这片土地上穿行。 - And then in turn, the mountain men passed that knowledge on 795 00:41:58,040 --> 00:41:59,290 反过来，山地人又将这些知识 - to the white settlers. 796 00:42:03,950 --> 00:42:08,000 传授给了白人定居者。 - - John Jacob Astor's expedition sets up a fur trading post 797 00:42:08,000 --> 00:42:12,580 - 约翰·雅各布·阿斯特的远征队于1811年春天 - at the mouth of the Columbia River in the spring of 1811, 798 00:42:12,580 --> 00:42:14,870 在哥伦比亚河口建立了一个毛皮贸易站， - naming it Fort Astoria. 799 00:42:14,870 --> 00:42:19,000 将其命名为阿斯托里亚堡。 - For the US, it's a claim to the Pacific Northwest, 800 00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:22,830 对美国而言，这是对太平洋西北部的主权宣称， - and despite the war with Britain that erupts in 1812, 801 00:42:22,830 --> 00:42:25,790 尽管1812年爆发了与英国的战争， - the two nations agree to share control of the region. 802 00:42:26,700 --> 00:42:28,700 两国同意共同控制该地区。 - In the decades that follow, 803 00:42:28,700 --> 00:42:31,200 在接下来的几十年里， - American fur trappers and traders 804 00:42:31,200 --> 00:42:34,500 美国捕兽人和商人将在未来的俄勒冈地区 - will seek out the riches in what will become Oregon, 805 00:42:34,500 --> 00:42:37,700 寻找财富， - with Native nations as their trading partners. 806 00:42:37,700 --> 00:42:41,120 并与原住民部落作为贸易伙伴。 - But a new kind of migrant will follow on their heels. 807 00:42:41,120 --> 00:42:44,870 但一种新型的移民将接踵而至。 - Christian missionaries will come to convert Native peoples 808 00:42:44,870 --> 00:42:46,830 基督教传教士将来此皈化原住民， - and transform their way of life.