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正是有您这样的观众，才让本节目得以呈现。  
Viewers like you make this program possible.  

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请支持您当地的PBS电视台。  
Support your local PBS station.  

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今年，观熊者们  
Bear watchers are  

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早早聚集在此，  
gathering early this year  

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期待灰熊399从洞穴中现身。  
in anticipation of Grizzly 399's emergence from the den.  

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她来了！她来了！  
She's coming! She's coming!  

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她可是名声大噪。  
She's off-the-charts famous.  

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在那儿！就在那儿！  
There they are! There they are right there!  

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灰熊399，她被誉为大提顿国家公园的  
Grizzly Bear 399, she's known as the matriarch or the queen  

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女族长或女王。  
in Grand Teton National Park.  

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自从我开始拍摄399，  
Since I started photographing 399,  

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已经过去15年了。  
it's been 15 years.  

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00:00:35,902 --> 00:00:39,527  
但她的名声让一切变得更加复杂。  
But her fame makes everything more complicated.  

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作为一名熊类生物学家，我真是有点无奈。  
As a bear biologist, I'll just kind of go, ugh.  

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熊类一旦接近人类，就会失去正常的回避  
Bears that get close to people lose their normal avoidance  

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或恐惧反应。  
or fear response.  

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从某种程度上说这是好事，因为这能让它们  
This is good in a way because it allows them to live  

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在人类活动区域生存，  
in places where there are people,  

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但也存在风险。  
but it also is risky.  

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一旦它们离开公园，  
There's just so many things that can go wrong  

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就可能出现各种问题。  
once they get out of the park.  

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在国家公园外的城镇中，  
That behavior outside of a national park,  

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这种行为是不被容忍的。  
in the town is not tolerated.  

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这样的熊通常会被实施安乐死。  
That bear is usually euthanized.  

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399和幼崽曾在警察护送下  
399 and the cubs were escorted by police  

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穿过杰克逊镇中心。  
through downtown Jackson.  

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她是否受到了特殊对待？  
Does she get special treatment?  

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百分之百。  
100%.  

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没错，她绝对受到了特殊对待。  
Yeah. 100% she gets special treatment.  

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00:02:00,470 --> 00:02:03,093  
今天是2020年5月18日。  
It's May 18, 2020.  

31  
00:02:03,093 --> 00:02:04,784  
我们都在朝圣溪边守候，  
We're all hanging out at Pilgrim Creek  

32  
00:02:04,784 --> 00:02:08,029  
因为这里通常是她首次现身的地方。  
because that's where she normally first shows up.  

33  
00:02:08,029 --> 00:02:09,720  
大家都在桥上来回行驶，  
Everybody's driving back and forth  

34  
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缓慢通过，  
and going across the bridge really slow  

35  
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因为桥上不能停车。  
because you can't stop on the bridge.  

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我和汤姆在不远处守着，  
I was with Tom, off a little ways,  

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突然他收到短信："399出来了。"  
and all of a sudden he got a text like, "399's out."  

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- 这里。- 看到了。  
- Here. - Got it.  

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我们大多数人都认为  
Most of us thought  

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她不可能带着幼崽。  
there's no way she's going to have cubs.  

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她年纪渐长，这非常罕见。  
She's getting older, and it's really rare.  

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它们来了！它们来了！  
Here they come! Here they come!  

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来了，就在这儿！  
Here they come, here!  

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果然不出所料，  
And sure enough,  

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她带着四只幼崽出现了。  
here she comes with four cubs.  

46  
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我亲口说过，这是神奇而特别的一天。  
I said it myself. This is an amazing, special day.  

47  
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这概率有多低？天啊。  
What are the chances? Oh, my God.  

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这简直疯狂至极。  
And it's incredibly nuts, really.  

49  
00:03:06,777 --> 00:03:09,884  
但这就是她对人们的影响力。  
But that's the effect that she has on people.  

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- 你看到四只，对吧？- 是的，没错。  
- You saw four, right? - Yes, I did, yeah.  

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汤姆看到了四只。  
Tom saw four.  

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本地明星熊399本周从大提顿国家公园的洞穴中现身，  
Local celebrity bear 399 emerged from her den  

53  
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她带着出人意料的四只幼崽，  
in Grand Teton National park this week, delighting onlookers  

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让围观者们欣喜不已。  
with a surprisingly large litter of four cubs.  

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24岁高龄的她若能成功在未来两年内  
At the advanced age of 24, if she's successful in raising  

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养育这些幼崽，  
these cubs over the next two years,  

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将成为黄石周边地区  
she'll be the first documented grizzly to do  

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首只被记录在案的灰熊。  
so in the greater Yellowstone area.  

59  
00:03:53,928 --> 00:03:58,277  
灰熊399，她被誉为大提顿国家公园的  
Grizzly Bear 399, she's known as the matriarch or the queen  

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00:03:58,277 --> 00:04:00,245  
女族长或女王。  
in Grand Teton National Park.  

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00:04:01,763 --> 00:04:06,389  
她因带着两只、三只幼崽现身而闻名，  
She's famous for coming out with two, three cubs,  

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如今奇迹般地带着四只幼崽出现，  
and now miraculously came out with four cubs,  

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00:04:10,082 --> 00:04:14,293  
这非常罕见，就像人类生下四胞胎。  
which is very rare. That's like a human having quadruplets.  

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她可是名声大噪。  
She's off-the-charts famous.  

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如果你在路边遇到人，  
If you meet people out on the side of the road  

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他们会问："你看到399了吗？"  
and, you know, and they're like "Have you seen 399?"  

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"我们想见见399。"  
"We want to see 399.  

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在哪儿最有可能见到她？  
Where's our best chance of seeing her?  

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我们只想见她一面。"  
We just want to see her."  

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曼格森先生，我必须说，  
Mr. Mangelsen, I just have to say,  

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我非常钦佩您的作品。  
I so admire your work.  

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非常感谢。我在Instagram上关注您，  
Thank you very much. I follow you on Instagram  

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家里还挂着您的两幅照片，  
and have two of your pictures in my home  

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我简直——  
and I just absolutely--  

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看着您的照片我甚至会感动落泪。  
your photos make me cry when I look at them.  

76  
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谢谢。您叫什么名字？  
Thank you. What's your name?  

77  
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凯茜。很高兴认识你，凯茜。  
Cathy. Nice to meet you, Cathy.  

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非常感谢。我很感激。  
Thank you so much. I appreciate it.  

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自从我开始拍摄399，已经过去15年了。  
Since I started photographing 399, it's been 15 years.  

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不知不觉中，我成了她的记录者。  
By default I'm her documentarian, I guess.  

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这位杰出的摄影师毕生都在追寻  
The remarkable photographer who spent his life  

82  
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那些难以捉摸的濒危动物。  
on the trail of elusive and endangered animals.  

83  
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他叫汤姆·曼格森。  
His name is Tom Mangelsen.  

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如果说每位艺术家都有灵感缪斯，  
If all artists have a muse,  

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汤姆·曼格森的缪斯就是这只22岁的雌性灰熊。  
Tom Mangelsen's is this 22-year-old female grizzly bear.  

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她没有正式的名字，  
She doesn't have a proper name  

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只有一个研究编号399。  
but is known by the research number 399.  

88  
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我估计拍摄399的底片数量  
I would guess the number of frames I've shot 399  

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可能已超过百万张。  
must be upwards of a million.  

90  
00:05:55,877 --> 00:05:57,431  
有人说这是执念。  
Some people call it an obsession.  

91  
00:05:57,431 --> 00:05:59,087  
我不否认这一点。  
And I can't deny that.  

92  
00:06:01,435 --> 00:06:05,024  
她激励着我。  
She inspires me.  

93  
00:06:05,024 --> 00:06:08,442  
她带给我无数快乐与喜悦，  
She has given me a lot of pleasure and joy,  

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保护她和她的后代是我的热情所在。  
and it's my passion to protect her and her offspring.  

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这张照片里幼崽们状态很好。  
The cubs look really good in that one.  

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她当时离得更近。  
She was closer.  

97  
00:06:22,214 --> 00:06:23,733  
我担任汤姆·曼格森的私人助理  
I've worked as Tom Mangelsen's  

98  
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已有20年，  
personal assistant for the past 20 years  

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与他周游世界。  
and traveled the world with him.  

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汤姆发现我们后院就有灰熊时非常兴奋。  
Tom was really excited to find grizzlies in our backyard.  

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在此之前，他必须去加拿大或阿拉斯加  
Prior to that, he had to either go to Canada or Alaska  

102  
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才能拍摄它们。  
to photograph them.  

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是的，这是她最喜欢现身的地方。  
Yeah. This is her favorite place to come out.  

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在那儿！就在那儿！  
There they are! There they are right there!  

105  
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就在那儿。  
There it is.  

106  
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我的照片让她成为  
My photographs have helped make her  

107  
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有史以来最著名的熊。  
the most famous bear that's ever lived.  

108  
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但是...  
But...  

109  
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她的名声让一切变得更加复杂。  
her fame makes everything more complicated.  

110  
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也可能对她和幼崽造成伤害。  
And it also has a potential to harm her and her cubs.  

111  
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哦，她来了。  
Oh, there she comes.  

112  
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第四只也来了。  
Here comes the fourth one.  

113  
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它们在那儿。  
There they are.  

114  
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照顾四只幼崽是项艰巨任务，  
It's a big job to take care of four cubs,  

115  
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要时刻关注它们，  
to keep track of them,  

116  
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避免惹麻烦，就像照顾孩子一样。  
to keep them out of trouble, just like children.  

117  
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与群居的狼不同，  
Unlike wolves, which are very social animals  

118  
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灰熊是独居动物。  
that live in packs, grizzly bears are solitary.  

119  
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所以全靠母亲。  
And so it's all mom.  

120  
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母亲是所有幼崽信息和保护的  
Mom is the total source of information  

121  
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唯一来源。  
and protection for all those cubs.  

122  
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看那些小家伙。  
Look at those babies.  

123  
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- 哇。- 我能看到更多！  
- Aww. - I can see more of them!  

124  
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哦，它们面对面呢。  
Oh, they're facing each other.  

125  
00:08:23,128 --> 00:08:26,096  
- 酷。- 她在那儿。  
- Cool. - There she is.  

126  
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在整个大黄石生态系统中，  
Across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem,  

127  
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幼崽存活率仅有55%。  
cub survival rate is only 55%.  

128  
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野生幼崽死亡的首要原因  
The number-one cause of mortality for cubs  

129  
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是雄性灰熊。  
in the wild are male grizzly bears.  

130  
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雄性灰熊在春季看到带崽的母熊时，  
Male grizzly bears, they see a sow with cubs in the spring.

131  
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那时正值交配季节。  
That's mating season.  

132  
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带着幼崽的母熊不会与之交配，  
That female won't mate with him if she has cubs,  

133  
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但雄性可以通过杀死幼崽迫使母熊进入发情期。  
but he can kill those cubs and push her into heat.  

134  
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母熊之后竟会与凶手交配，  
It's pretty savage that that bear would then mate  

135  
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这很残忍，但自然法则就是如此。  
with him afterwards, but that's how it works.  

136  
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因此雄性灰熊会主动猎杀幼崽。  
And so the males will seek out killing these cubs.  

137  
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灰熊399发展出独特习性——  
Grizzly Bear 399-- she developed a unique behavior  

138  
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她选择在公路和人类活动区域附近  
where she actually raises her cubs in proximity  

139  
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养育幼崽。  
to traffic and to humans.  

140  
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因为雄性灰熊  
And the reason is that male grizzly bears  

141  
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厌恶人类。  
do not like people.  

142  
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它们不愿被人类看见，  
They don't like being seen by people.  

143  
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更讨厌车流。  
They definitely don't like traffic.  

144  
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399逐渐领悟到  
Grizzly 399, she learned over time  

145  
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只要在公路百米范围内活动，  
that if she hangs out within 100 yards of the road,  

146  
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周围的人类在某种意义上  
she has these people around that are in a way  

147  
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能保护幼崽免受雄性灰熊伤害，  
protecting her cubs from the male grizzly bears,  

148  
00:10:12,064 --> 00:10:13,928  
这种策略极为聪明，  
which is very, very intelligent  

149  
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也非常适应国家公园环境。  
and it's very well-suited to the national parks.  

150  
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但如今与人类毗邻而居的生存之道  
But now it's become far more complex  

151  
00:10:19,831 --> 00:10:23,351  
已变得愈发复杂。  
to survive that proximity to humans.  

152  
00:10:33,223 --> 00:10:34,949  
嗯，相当明显。  
Yeah, fairly clearly.  

153  
00:10:37,503 --> 00:10:40,714  
实在令人沮丧，  
It is pretty frustrating,  

154  
00:10:40,714 --> 00:10:43,993  
真的有点沮丧。  
just a little frustrating.  

155  
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我们把因熊出现  
The bear jam is what we call  

156  
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导致交通堵塞称为"熊堵"。  
just when all the traffic gets jammed up 'cause there's a bear.  

157  
00:10:52,622 --> 00:10:56,074  
2011年时"熊堵"现场  
In 2011, we were probably starting to have 100 cars  

158  
00:10:56,074 --> 00:10:59,008  
约聚集百辆车。  
at a bear jam.  

159  
00:10:59,008 --> 00:11:01,527  
如今突然激增至四百辆。  
Now all of a sudden there might be 400 cars.  

160  
00:11:03,875 --> 00:11:06,463  
现场完全陷入混乱。  
It turns into total mayhem.  

161  
00:11:06,463 --> 00:11:09,812  
她来了，她来了，她来了。  
She's coming, she's coming, she's coming.  

162  
00:11:09,812 --> 00:11:11,676  
- 哪儿？- 往这边来了。  
- Where? - Come this way.  

163  
00:11:14,126 --> 00:11:16,025  
在这种"熊堵"局面下  
All the things that could go wrong  

164  
00:11:16,025 --> 00:11:18,821  
可能出错的环节太多，  
in one of those bear-jam situations,  

165  
00:11:18,821 --> 00:11:21,858  
作为熊类生物学家，我只能叹息。  
you know, as a bear biologist, I'll just kind of go, ugh.  

166  
00:11:26,621 --> 00:11:28,244  
人们看着她时总认为：  
People look at her and think,  

167  
00:11:28,244 --> 00:11:30,246  
"哦，她在国家公园过着田园诗般的生活，  
"Oh, she's idyllically living in the national park,  

168  
00:11:30,246 --> 00:11:32,558  
多么美好。"  
and it's just wonderful."  

169  
00:11:32,558 --> 00:11:35,147  
但接近人类的熊类  
But bears that get close to people  

170  
00:11:35,147 --> 00:11:38,875  
会丧失正常的回避或恐惧反应，  
lose their normal avoidance or fear response,  

171  
00:11:38,875 --> 00:11:41,740  
这称为"习惯化"。  
and that's called habituation.  

172  
00:11:41,740 --> 00:11:44,122  
从积极角度看，这使它们  
This is good in a way because it allows them  

173  
00:11:44,122 --> 00:11:47,642  
能在人类活动区生存，但也存在风险——  
to live in places with people but it also is risky  

174  
00:11:47,642 --> 00:11:50,645  
与人类距离过近可能招致危险。  
because it puts them in closer proximity to people.  

175  
00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:08,318  
399非常擅长  
399 has been so good  

176  
00:12:08,318 --> 00:12:12,357  
带领幼崽穿越公路。  
at getting her cubs across the highway.  

177  
00:12:12,357 --> 00:12:14,566  
她在路边等待，观察双向来车，  
Waiting by the roadside, looking both ways,  

178  
00:12:14,566 --> 00:12:18,225  
然后自己先过马路召唤幼崽。  
and then she'll cross the road and call her cubs.  

179  
00:12:18,225 --> 00:12:20,814  
偶尔会有幼崽落单，  
Sometimes one will be left behind  

180  
00:12:20,814 --> 00:12:22,712  
她就折返公路对面，  
and she'll go back across the highway,  

181  
00:12:22,712 --> 00:12:26,405  
仿佛在说："你们待着，我去接乔伊。"  
say, "You guys stay here. I'm going to go get Joey."  

182  
00:12:29,581 --> 00:12:31,376  
每次过马路都像  
I always think it's like Russian roulette  

183  
00:12:31,376 --> 00:12:33,205  
在玩俄罗斯轮盘赌。  
every time they cross the road.  

184  
00:12:33,205 --> 00:12:34,966  
生死赌局。  
Russian roulette.  

185  
00:12:34,966 --> 00:12:37,278  
但她总能化险为夷。  
But she's managed.  

186  
00:12:37,278 --> 00:12:38,555  
突破重重险阻。  
Against all odds.  

187  
00:12:38,555 --> 00:12:39,902  
除了一次例外。  
Except one time.  

188  
00:12:39,902 --> 00:12:41,489  
那就是"小雪"。  
And that was Snowy.  

189  
00:12:45,597 --> 00:12:50,395  
2016年，399带着独子现身。  
In 2016, 399 came out with a single cub.  

190  
00:12:50,395 --> 00:12:54,502  
幼崽面部毛色极浅，得名"小雪"。  
Really light-faced cub so it just got nicknamed "Snowy."  

191  
00:13:00,543 --> 00:13:01,924  
它是独生子。  
She was a single cub.  

192  
00:13:01,924 --> 00:13:05,651  
据我们所知，这是399极少抚养的独崽之一。  
One of the only single cubs we know that 399 has had.  

193  
00:13:05,651 --> 00:13:08,793  
399常与小雪嬉戏。  
399 played with Snowy a lot.  

194  
00:13:14,384 --> 00:13:16,973  
它们互动的情景充满趣味。  
They were just so much fun to watch.  

195  
00:13:26,224 --> 00:13:29,952  
后来某个黄昏，399在朝圣溪北面  
And then 399 was crossing the road at dusk  

196  
00:13:29,952 --> 00:13:32,161  
横穿公路时，  
just north of Pilgrim Creek.  

197  
00:13:32,161 --> 00:13:35,716  
小雪被未刹车的司机撞倒。  
And Snowy was hit by a driver that didn't stop.  

198  
00:13:40,307 --> 00:13:43,034  
肇事者始终未被找到。  
They never found out who hit the cub.  

199  
00:13:46,865 --> 00:13:52,802  
399将小雪叼离公路，  
399 picked up Snowy and took him off the road  

200  
00:13:52,802 --> 00:13:56,219  
安放在云杉树下，  
and laid the body by a big spruce tree  

201  
00:13:56,219 --> 00:14:02,432  
整夜在路边来回奔跑哀嚎。  
and then ran up and down the road bawling all night long.  

202  
00:14:02,432 --> 00:14:04,607  
你能感受到399的...  
You could feel 399's...  

203  
00:14:06,816 --> 00:14:08,680  
那种撕心裂肺。  
How distraught she was.  

204  
00:14:10,509 --> 00:14:12,787  
那真是悲伤的一天。  
That was a really sad day.  

205  
00:14:22,970 --> 00:14:25,835  
好了，大家准备好了吗？  
Alright, you guys ready?  

206  
00:14:25,835 --> 00:14:28,389  
- 灰熊。灰熊。- 灰熊。  
- Grizzly. Grizzly. - Grizzly bear.  

207  
00:14:30,253 --> 00:14:36,639  
399无疑是提顿地区  
So 399 is by far and none the most popular  

208  
00:14:36,639 --> 00:14:39,780  
乃至全世界  
and famous bear here in the Tetons  

209  
00:14:39,780 --> 00:14:43,094  
最受欢迎且著名的熊。  
and probably in all honesty the world.  

210  
00:14:43,094 --> 00:14:47,512  
我们距离被告知的地点只有几分钟路程。  
We are within minutes of where I was told to maybe go.  

211  
00:14:47,512 --> 00:14:49,479  
请大家一起祈祷。  
I need you all to keep your fingers crossed.  

212  
00:14:49,479 --> 00:14:52,931  
保持积极心态。  
Think positive thoughts.  

213  
00:14:52,931 --> 00:14:55,244  
这就是"熊堵"现场。  
And this is a bear jam.  

214  
00:14:55,244 --> 00:14:57,936  
我们下车吧。  
So let's hop out.  

215  
00:14:57,936 --> 00:14:59,973  
就在那儿。那些树下。  
Right there. Beneath those trees.  

216  
00:14:59,973 --> 00:15:01,802  
就在那儿，是熊妈妈。  
Right there, there's mama.  

217  
00:15:01,802 --> 00:15:03,528  
熊妈妈在那儿，就在那儿。  
There's mama right there, right there.  

218  
00:15:03,528 --> 00:15:06,876  
就在那儿。- 没错。  
It's right there. - Yeah.  

219  
00:15:06,876 --> 00:15:09,120  
天啊。  
Oh, my gosh.  

220  
00:15:09,120 --> 00:15:10,224  
哦，她在那儿。看，快看。  
Oh, there she is. Look, look.  

221  
00:15:10,224 --> 00:15:11,363  
就在那儿。  
Look right there.  

222  
00:15:11,363 --> 00:15:13,503  
就在那儿。- 看到了！  
Right there. - Oh, I see!  

223  
00:15:13,503 --> 00:15:14,953  
我看到她了。  
I see her.  

224  
00:15:14,953 --> 00:15:16,817  
镜头要一直跟着她。  
You want to keep that on her.  

225  
00:15:18,992 --> 00:15:22,340  
灰熊管理极其复杂。  
Grizzly bear management is incredibly complex.  

226  
00:15:22,340 --> 00:15:25,860  
许多热爱观赏灰熊的人  
Certainly there's a lot of passion by people  

227  
00:15:25,860 --> 00:15:28,656  
都怀有极大热忱，  
who really enjoy the opportunity to see grizzly bears,  

228  
00:15:28,656 --> 00:15:30,900  
他们对熊充满激情。  
are really passionate about bears.  

229  
00:15:38,908 --> 00:15:40,254  
灰熊于1975年  
The grizzly bear was listed  

230  
00:15:40,254 --> 00:15:43,878  
被列入《濒危物种法案》。  
under the Endangered Species Act in 1975.  

231  
00:15:47,158 --> 00:15:51,058  
当时黄石生态系统仅存约30只雌熊。  
We probably had 30 females left in the Yellowstone Ecosystem.  

232  
00:15:51,058 --> 00:15:52,577  
濒临灭绝。  
That's it.  

233  
00:15:52,577 --> 00:15:54,406  
黄石灰熊当时几乎绝迹。  
The Yellowstone bears were about to go extinct.  

234  
00:15:56,029 --> 00:15:58,410  
若非被列入保护名单，  
They would be gone today,  

235  
00:15:58,410 --> 00:16:01,827  
它们早已消失。  
but now they're here because they were listed.  

236  
00:16:04,140 --> 00:16:06,901  
我们在最后关头挽救了它们。  
We caught them just in the nick of time.  

237  
00:16:09,835 --> 00:16:11,976  
它们是《濒危物种法案》中  
You know, they're kind of the epitome  

238  
00:16:11,976 --> 00:16:13,701  
最具挑战性的  
of a challenging species to recover  

239  
00:16:13,701 --> 00:16:15,945  
保护物种典范。  
under the Endangered Species Act.  

240  
00:16:15,945 --> 00:16:18,292  
它们会与人类产生冲突——  
You know, they can conflict with people,  

241  
00:16:18,292 --> 00:16:21,433  
无论是翻找垃圾还是袭击牲畜。  
whether it's garbage or livestock or whatever.  

242  
00:16:21,433 --> 00:16:23,159  
它们会杀人。  
They can kill people.  

243  
00:16:23,159 --> 00:16:25,472  
它们确实杀过人。  
They <i>have</i> killed people.  

244  
00:16:32,893 --> 00:16:35,965  
随着社会发展，  
Bear management will likely continue to adapt and evolve  

245  
00:16:35,965 --> 00:16:37,898  
熊类管理将持续调整演变。  
as we move forward.  

246  
00:16:37,898 --> 00:16:40,004  
你说你在朝圣溪区域？  
You said you were in the Pilgrim Creek area?  

247  
00:16:40,004 --> 00:16:41,350  
对吗？  
Is that correct?  

248  
00:16:41,350 --> 00:16:46,044  
那你很可能确实看到了灰熊。  
So it is very possible you did see a grizzly there.  

249  
00:16:46,044 --> 00:16:48,840  
当灰熊与人类发生冲突时，  
When a grizzly bear is in conflict with humans,  

250  
00:16:48,840 --> 00:16:51,187  
我们会调查具体情况  
we investigate the circumstances  

251  
00:16:51,187 --> 00:16:53,189  
并评估  
and we evaluate  

252  
00:16:53,189 --> 00:16:55,019  
管理方案。  
what are our management options.  

253  
00:16:57,193 --> 00:17:00,162  
有时这意味着需要捕获该熊，  
Sometimes that might mean capturing that bear  

254  
00:17:00,162 --> 00:17:02,854  
将其迁移至公园其他区域  
and relocating that bear to a different part of the park  

255  
00:17:02,854 --> 00:17:03,958  
或生态系统内  
or a different part  

256  
00:17:03,958 --> 00:17:05,339  
其他地点。  
of the ecosystem.  

257  
00:17:07,410 --> 00:17:10,241  
不幸的是，有时可能意味着  
The unfortunate reality, sometimes that might mean  

258  
00:17:10,241 --> 00:17:13,830  
我们必须对熊实施安乐死，将其移出种群。  
we may have to euthanize a bear, remove it from the population.  

259  
00:17:18,318 --> 00:17:20,044  
399已完全习惯人类，  
399 is habituated  

260  
00:17:20,044 --> 00:17:22,080  
它的后代也皆如此，  
and all of her offspring are habituated,  

261  
00:17:22,080 --> 00:17:26,326  
因为幼崽都在效仿母亲的行为模式。  
because her offspring learned from her.

262  
00:17:26,326 --> 00:17:28,535  
若她陷入可能对人类  
If she gets into a situation  

263  
00:17:28,535 --> 00:17:31,676  
构成严重威胁的境地，  
where she becomes really dangerous to people,  

264  
00:17:31,676 --> 00:17:33,367  
很可能必须被移除。  
she's probably going to have to be removed.  

265  
00:17:33,367 --> 00:17:35,093  
我们不愿看到这一幕。  
We don't want that to happen.  

266  
00:17:35,093 --> 00:17:36,922  
永远都不希望发生。  
We never want that to happen.  

267  
00:17:42,514 --> 00:17:44,482  
关于路边熊群存在  
There's a lot of knee-jerk opinions  

268  
00:17:44,482 --> 00:17:46,794  
诸多条件反射式的观点。  
about roadside bears.  

269  
00:17:46,794 --> 00:17:48,865  
我身后的色彩很美。  
Nice color behind me.  

270  
00:17:51,489 --> 00:17:57,598  
这是个有智慧、有情感的鲜活生命。  
This is a living, intelligent, emotional being.  

271  
00:17:57,598 --> 00:18:00,084  
难道大家就不能还它清净吗？  
Won't everybody just leave the bear alone?  

272  
00:18:02,293 --> 00:18:05,606  
唯有荒野才是熊类真正的归属。  
Only the wild owns the bears.  

273  
00:18:05,606 --> 00:18:07,436  
她走得相当远了。  
She's getting pretty far.  

274  
00:18:20,449 --> 00:18:23,900  
今年观熊者早早聚集，  
Bear watchers are gathering early this year in anticipation  

275  
00:18:23,900 --> 00:18:27,456  
期待灰熊399出洞。  
of Grizzly 399's emergence from the den.  

276  
00:18:27,456 --> 00:18:30,217  
人们希望这位明星熊能在四月  
They hope the famous bruin will emerge this April  

277  
00:18:30,217 --> 00:18:32,081  
带着四只幼崽现身。  
with all four of her cubs.  

278  
00:18:32,081 --> 00:18:35,671  
这个著名熊家族在大提顿国家公园的  
The famous family's presence in Grand Teton National Park  

279  
00:18:35,671 --> 00:18:40,054  
出现必将再度引爆今夏观熊热潮。  
is expected to draw large crowds again this summer.  

280  
00:18:40,054 --> 00:18:42,471  
守候她的第十三天，  
This is day 13, waiting for her,  

281  
00:18:42,471 --> 00:18:49,063  
连熊影都没见到，更别说399了。  
and haven't even seen a bear, let alone 399.  

282  
00:18:54,034 --> 00:18:56,450  
观察她十五年来，  
Watching her basically over 15 years,  

283  
00:18:56,450 --> 00:18:59,419  
每个季节都需要耐心等待。  
every season, you just have to wait.  

284  
00:18:59,419 --> 00:19:01,835  
这需要极大的耐心与坚持。  
It takes so much patience and waiting.  

285  
00:19:01,835 --> 00:19:05,701  
而这正是我一生的写照。  
But that's what I've done all my life.  

286  
00:19:05,701 --> 00:19:07,737  
我原希望她今年会比去年  
I was hoping she would come out a week  

287  
00:19:07,737 --> 00:19:09,912  
提前一两周出洞，  
or two earlier than last year  

288  
00:19:09,912 --> 00:19:13,191  
毕竟幼崽体型更大也更年长了。  
because it comes in much bigger and they're a year older.  

289  
00:19:13,191 --> 00:19:16,470  
去年我守候了145天。  
Last year I spent 145 days out.  

290  
00:19:16,470 --> 00:19:20,060  
相当于半年的时间。  
I mean, that's half the year.  

291  
00:19:20,060 --> 00:19:22,235  
耗时惊人。  
Stupid amount of time.  

292  
00:19:22,235 --> 00:19:23,581  
这么多天里  
You know, out of all those days  

293  
00:19:23,581 --> 00:19:27,930  
可能只有15天拍到她的身影。  
I probably photographed her 15 maybe.  

294  
00:19:27,930 --> 00:19:29,518  
回报固然丰厚，  
The payoff is great,  

295  
00:19:29,518 --> 00:19:31,416  
但等待实在漫长。  
but it's a hell of a lot of waiting.  

296  
00:19:49,193 --> 00:19:51,988  
四只幼崽正在奔跑嬉戏。  
All four cubs are just running.  

297  
00:19:51,988 --> 00:19:54,715  
她状态很好，幼崽在玩耍。  
She's fine. They're playing.  

298  
00:19:57,718 --> 00:20:01,135  
现在它们稍作停顿。  
Now they stop for a second.  

299  
00:20:01,135 --> 00:20:03,517  
健康得不得了。  
They're healthy as heck.  

300  
00:20:03,517 --> 00:20:07,659  
经过两周的全天候守候，  
Finally, after two weeks, waiting.  

301  
00:20:07,659 --> 00:20:10,455  
终于等到这一刻。  
Every day, all day.  

302  
00:20:10,455 --> 00:20:12,216  
看它们奔跑的样子，太棒了。  
Now look at 'em go. Wow.  

303  
00:20:16,427 --> 00:20:18,360  
天，她简直精力充沛。  
Man, she was, like, full of energy.  

304  
00:20:18,360 --> 00:20:20,431  
嗖地就跑过去了。  
Just pshew.  

305  
00:20:20,431 --> 00:20:22,778  
幼崽们跑在她前面。  
The cubs were running ahead of her.  

306  
00:20:22,778 --> 00:20:25,884  
那场景太酷了。  
That was really cool.  

307  
00:20:25,884 --> 00:20:29,129  
它们全力奔跑了约三英里。  
They ran for like three miles there, full out.  

308  
00:20:30,579 --> 00:20:32,926  
我爱看它们奔跑的样子。  
I love to see 'em run.  

309  
00:20:38,725 --> 00:20:43,937  
她启发我更尽情地享受生活。  
She has inspired me to just enjoy life more.  

310  
00:20:43,937 --> 00:20:48,528  
真的，就这么简单。  
Honestly. It's that simple.  

311  
00:20:48,528 --> 00:20:51,013  
我从未结婚，  
I never got married.  

312  
00:20:51,013 --> 00:20:53,809  
也错过了生儿育女的时机。  
I sort of missed the boat having kids.  

313  
00:20:53,809 --> 00:21:02,887  
但多年来观察399与幼崽的互动，  
But maybe 399 in a way, watching her with all her cubs  

314  
00:21:02,887 --> 00:21:07,063  
在某种程度上——可能听起来有点傻——  
over the years is somewhat-- I don't know-- it sounds goofy  

315  
00:21:07,063 --> 00:21:11,205  
却填补了我内心的这份空缺。  
but it's replaced that sort of need in a way.  

316  
00:21:11,205 --> 00:21:12,759  
她现在要去哪儿呢？  
Now where is she going to go?  

317  
00:21:24,253 --> 00:21:25,323  
它们在那儿，看见了吗？  
There they are, you see 'em?  

318  
00:21:25,323 --> 00:21:26,531  
我看到了。  
I got them.  

319  
00:21:36,645 --> 00:21:38,336  
初春出洞时，  
In the early spring when they come out of the den,  

320  
00:21:38,336 --> 00:21:41,166  
它们会搜寻任何食物。  
they're just looking for any kind of food.  

321  
00:21:41,166 --> 00:21:43,307  
如今幼崽都已长大。  
By now the cubs are big.  

322  
00:21:43,307 --> 00:21:44,791  
全都饥肠辘辘。  
You know, they're all hungry.  

323  
00:21:44,791 --> 00:21:45,654  
在洞中冬眠数月  
They've been in the den and haven't had anything  

324  
00:21:45,654 --> 00:21:48,450  
未曾进食。  
to eat for months.  

325  
00:21:48,450 --> 00:21:52,246  
起初它们在公路旁觅食，  
At first they're grazing right alongside of the road,  

326  
00:21:52,246 --> 00:21:54,041  
很容易被发现。  
so they're easy to spot.  

327  
00:21:57,079 --> 00:22:01,635  
但随后399开始向南迁移。  
But then 399 started moving south.  

328  
00:22:01,635 --> 00:22:03,948  
朝公园南部边界移动。  
Heading south out of the park.  

329  
00:22:07,296 --> 00:22:10,403  
灰熊是跨境物种。  
Grizzly bears are a transboundary species.  

330  
00:22:10,403 --> 00:22:11,680  
在大提顿国家公园，  
Here in Grand Teton,  

331  
00:22:11,680 --> 00:22:14,510  
我们的保护区面积相对较小。  
we're a relatively small National Park.  

332  
00:22:14,510 --> 00:22:17,410  
多数灰熊在食物匮乏时  
Most of our grizzly bears actually use areas  

333  
00:22:17,410 --> 00:22:22,691  
都会离开大提顿觅食。  
outside of Grand Teton when food sources are really scarce.  

334  
00:22:22,691 --> 00:22:25,797  
但公园外的灰熊  
But grizzly bears outside the park,  

335  
00:22:25,797 --> 00:22:28,041  
总会引发争议。  
certainly some controversy involved.  

336  
00:22:34,012 --> 00:22:36,394  
整个夏天我们很少见到399，  
We didn't see her much all summer because, 399,  

337  
00:22:36,394 --> 00:22:38,810  
她开始神出鬼没。  
she started being very elusive.  

338  
00:22:38,810 --> 00:22:41,123  
这极不寻常。  
It was very unusual.  

339  
00:22:41,123 --> 00:22:44,229  
寻找她变得愈发困难。  
So it started being much harder to find her.  

340  
00:22:46,162 --> 00:22:50,788  
她频繁闯入居民蜂箱，  
She was getting in all these people's beehives  

341  
00:22:50,788 --> 00:22:53,791  
流连于社区之间，  
and was going through neighborhoods,  

342  
00:22:53,791 --> 00:22:55,724  
甚至登上人家门廊。  
on somebody's porch.  

343  
00:22:55,724 --> 00:22:59,279  
天，那是399！就是她。  
Oh, that's 399! That's her.  

344  
00:22:59,279 --> 00:23:01,419  
我的老天。  
Oh, my God.  

345  
00:23:01,419 --> 00:23:03,248  
简直像在动物园。  
It's like a zoo here.  

346  
00:23:03,248 --> 00:23:06,079  
嗯哼。  
Uh-huh.  

347  
00:23:06,079 --> 00:23:08,288  
她的行为模式明显改变。  
She really started changing her behavior.  

348  
00:23:08,288 --> 00:23:11,187  
这令人非常焦虑，  
And that was really, really stressful because  

349  
00:23:11,187 --> 00:23:12,568  
一旦离开公园保护区，  
there's just so many things that can go wrong  

350  
00:23:12,568 --> 00:23:14,432  
潜在危险将大幅增加。  
once they get out of the park.  

351  
00:23:34,003 --> 00:23:37,524  
我是萨布莱特县第五代牧场主。  
I'm a fifth-generation rancher from Sublette County.  

352  
00:23:37,524 --> 00:23:40,458  
童年暑假跟随祖父放牧  
When I was a kid, I spent my summers with my granddad  

353  
00:23:40,458 --> 00:23:41,977  
——当地人称为牛仔活计——  
and we'd move cows--  

354  
00:23:41,977 --> 00:23:44,807  
从未见过灰熊踪影。  
cowboying, they call it-- in the mountains up here.  

355  
00:23:44,807 --> 00:23:46,430  
Never saw a grizzly bear.  

356  
00:23:46,430 --> 00:23:49,778  
只在阿拉斯加或加拿大  
Never heard of a grizzly bear other than up in  

357  
00:23:49,778 --> 00:23:52,574  
等地听说过它们。  
Alaska or Canada or somewhere else.  

358  
00:23:59,373 --> 00:24:00,582  
每年情况不尽相同。  
It really varies year to year.  

359  
00:24:00,582 --> 00:24:04,068  
去年我们损失了  
I mean, last year we lost as many as 10  

360  
00:24:04,068 --> 00:24:07,520  
10到12头牛。  
or 12 cattle to bear kills.  

361  
00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:09,625  
偶尔喂食灰熊无妨，  
And we don't mind feeding a grizzly once in a while,  

362  
00:24:09,625 --> 00:24:13,733  
但牧场宗旨是养活人类而非灰熊。  
but we're trying to feed people, not grizzlies.  

363  
00:24:13,733 --> 00:24:18,496  
399固然美丽，  
Bear 399, she's a beautiful animal,  

364  
00:24:18,496 --> 00:24:20,360  
但人们的追逐围观  
but I think they habituated that bear  

365  
00:24:20,360 --> 00:24:23,190  
使她与幼崽过度习惯人类，  
and her cubs to people by chasing her all around,  

366  
00:24:23,190 --> 00:24:26,228  
剥夺了她作为野生熊的权益，  
and everybody wanted to see her.  

367  
00:24:26,228 --> 00:24:28,402  
这种干预终将  
And they didn't let her be a wild bear,  

368  
00:24:28,402 --> 00:24:31,578  
反噬野生动物。  
and, you know, those things come back to haunt wildlife  

369  
00:24:31,578 --> 00:24:33,200  
most of the time.  

370  
00:24:37,411 --> 00:24:40,207  
如何处理自家院落？  
What does a person do with their yard, right?  

371  
00:24:40,207 --> 00:24:43,521  
难道任由杂草丛生？  
Do you just let everything just grow wild in your yard?  

372  
00:24:43,521 --> 00:24:45,903  
你肯定会精心打理。  
You manage your yard.  

373  
00:24:45,903 --> 00:24:47,007  
而这片土地  
And this is your yard.  

374  
00:24:47,007 --> 00:24:48,526  
属于所有公民。  
This is everybody's yard.  

375  
00:24:48,526 --> 00:24:51,805  
公共土地理应得到妥善管理。  
It's public land, and it ought to be managed properly.  

376  
00:24:52,737 --> 00:24:54,670  
我希望怀俄明州  
I would like to see the state of  

377  
00:24:54,670 --> 00:24:56,741  
能自主管理熊群，  
Wyoming be able to manage the bears themselves.  

378  
00:24:56,741 --> 00:24:59,882  
包括开放狩猎。  
And that would mean hunting.  

379  
00:24:59,882 --> 00:25:03,265  
设立灰熊狩猎季  
Allow hunting season on the grizzly bears,  

380  
00:25:03,265 --> 00:25:04,991  
这很合理。  
which is fine.  

381  
00:25:04,991 --> 00:25:08,097  
它们可以存在，但必须将数量  
I think they should be here, but they just need to be managed  

382  
00:25:08,097 --> 00:25:09,823  
控制在合理范围内。  
to a certain number.  

383  
00:25:09,823 --> 00:25:13,620  
而当前数量...  
And, you know, that numbers...  

384  
00:25:13,620 --> 00:25:15,208  
已然超标。  
we're over it.  

385  
00:25:17,417 --> 00:25:18,660  
它们固然是美丽的生物，  
They are beautiful animals  

386  
00:25:18,660 --> 00:25:21,110  
能拍出精彩照片，  
and they take really good pictures.  

387  
00:25:21,110 --> 00:25:23,630  
同时也是危险猛兽。  
They're also a dangerous animal.  

388  
00:25:35,055 --> 00:25:41,959  
尽管399是位伟大的母亲，幼崽也惹人怜爱，  
As great a mother as 399 might be and as cute as the cubs  

389  
00:25:41,959 --> 00:25:46,480  
但她终究是拥有利爪獠牙的灰熊，  
might be, she's, in fact, a grizzly bear  

390  
00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:51,485  
在特定情况下能对人类  
with long teeth and claws and can do substantial damage  

391  
00:25:51,485 --> 00:25:54,903  
造成严重伤害。  
to a person in certain situations.

392  
00:25:57,491 --> 00:26:01,081  
要知道，它们可能与人类发生冲突。  
You know, they can conflict with people.  

393  
00:26:01,081 --> 00:26:03,601  
我第一次听说399  
Actually the first time I ever heard of 399  

394  
00:26:03,601 --> 00:26:05,879  
正是她在大提顿公园北部  
is when she mauled a guy  

395  
00:26:05,879 --> 00:26:08,468  
袭击了一名男子。  
in the northern part of Grand Teton Park.  

396  
00:26:16,545 --> 00:26:18,236  
范登博斯：十五年前，  
VanDENBOS: 15 years ago,  

397  
00:26:18,236 --> 00:26:24,622  
2007年时我习惯早起跑步登山。  
2007, I used to get up early and go for runs and hikes.  

398  
00:26:24,622 --> 00:26:28,039  
那天我打算在国家公园晨练。  
And so I wanted to do that in the National Park.  

399  
00:26:30,007 --> 00:26:32,423  
沿着小径行进时，  
As I'm going up this path,  

400  
00:26:32,423 --> 00:26:36,600  
突然遇见399和她的幼崽。  
all of a sudden there's 399 and her cubs.  

401  
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:38,532  
我大喊："嘿！嘿！"  
And I'm yelling, "Hey, hey!"  

402  
00:26:38,532 --> 00:26:40,396  
她径直朝我冲来，  
She was charging right at me,  

403  
00:26:40,396 --> 00:26:44,262  
却在咫尺之距突然停住。  
but just turned and stopped right next to me.  

404  
00:26:44,262 --> 00:26:46,023  
仅一臂之遥。  
Arm length away.  

405  
00:26:48,301 --> 00:26:50,544  
我直接后退躲避，  
I stepped directly away from her,  

406  
00:26:50,544 --> 00:26:52,823  
失足跌出路沿。  
and I stepped off the edge of the road.  

407  
00:26:52,823 --> 00:26:57,655  
踉跄几步才稳住身形。  
I had to take quick steps to keep from falling down.  

408  
00:26:57,655 --> 00:27:01,107  
就在此刻，她再次扑来。  
That moment, she charged right at me.  

409  
00:27:01,107 --> 00:27:08,286  
咬住我的后背，那一瞬间  
She bit me in the back, and at that moment,  

410  
00:27:08,286 --> 00:27:15,639  
我以为自己会被活活吃掉。  
I had this thought that they're just going to eat me.  

411  
00:27:16,985 --> 00:27:20,885  
突然听见有人高喊：  
The next thing that happens is I hear this voice yelling,  

412  
00:27:20,885 --> 00:27:22,369  
"嘿！嘿！"  
"Hey! Hey!"  

413  
00:27:22,369 --> 00:27:26,857  
随后骚动加剧。  
And then there's more commotion.  

414  
00:27:26,857 --> 00:27:28,755  
人声渐近。  
Then I hear voices.  

415  
00:27:28,755 --> 00:27:31,447  
熊掌终于从我腿上移开。  
Then this paw leaves my leg.  

416  
00:27:36,487 --> 00:27:41,009  
就医时公园管理局员工询问  
When I got to the hospital, a Park Service employee asked  

417  
00:27:41,009 --> 00:27:44,322  
我认为该如何处置这头熊。  
what I thought should be done with the bear.  

418  
00:27:44,322 --> 00:27:47,809  
我不希望她受到任何伤害。  
I did not want to see anything to happen to that bear.  

419  
00:27:47,809 --> 00:27:50,259  
这完全不是她的过错。  
It was not at all her fault.  

420  
00:27:52,089 --> 00:27:53,400  
这是场意外遭遇。  
It was a surprise encounter.  

421  
00:27:53,400 --> 00:27:55,230  
当时她正在进食麋鹿尸体。  
She was feeding on an elk carcass.  

422  
00:27:55,230 --> 00:27:57,232  
还带着幼崽。  
She had offspring with her.  

423  
00:27:57,957 --> 00:27:59,372  
公园管理局联系我后，  
The Park Service called me.  

424  
00:27:59,372 --> 00:28:01,754  
我们达成共识让她继续在野外生存  
We agreed to leave that bear on the landscape  

425  
00:28:01,754 --> 00:28:03,687  
不做任何处置  
and not do anything to her  

426  
00:28:03,687 --> 00:28:06,448  
这属于自然防卫行为。  
because it was what we call a natural aggression.  

427  
00:28:08,450 --> 00:28:13,455  
虽时隔多年，但此事标志着  
So that was a long time ago, but it was a recognition  

428  
00:28:13,455 --> 00:28:15,768  
杰克逊山谷熊类数量增加  
that there were more and more bears in the Jackson Valley  

429  
00:28:15,768 --> 00:28:16,838  
它们向南迁徙  
and they would be moving south  

430  
00:28:16,838 --> 00:28:19,081  
与人类接触更频繁的趋势。  
and there'd be more people around.  

431  
00:28:23,948 --> 00:28:26,675  
灰熊保护争议不断，  
Grizzly bears, there's so much controversy there,  

432  
00:28:26,675 --> 00:28:28,332  
主因仍是它们受  
mostly because they're still protected  

433  
00:28:28,332 --> 00:28:30,127  
《濒危物种法案》保护。  
under the Endangered Species Act.  

434  
00:28:32,301 --> 00:28:36,409  
大黄石生态圈的灰熊数量  
The grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem,  

435  
00:28:36,409 --> 00:28:40,206  
已增长至原来的七倍多。  
they've recovered more than seven times of what they were.  

436  
00:28:40,206 --> 00:28:43,554  
因此爱达荷、蒙大拿和怀俄明州  
And so Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming  

437  
00:28:43,554 --> 00:28:48,455  
已联合提请将灰熊移出保护名单。  
have petitioned for the grizzly bears to be taken off the list.  

438  
00:28:48,455 --> 00:28:52,390  
目前该提案正在审议中。  
And that is on the table right now.  

439  
00:28:52,390 --> 00:28:56,809  
《濒危物种法案》的初衷正是  
That is the intention of the Endangered Species Act,  

440  
00:28:56,809 --> 00:29:01,537  
待物种恢复后移出保护名单。  
is that an animal recovers and then they're delisted.  

441  
00:29:01,537 --> 00:29:04,333  
怀俄明州多数人支持此举。  
The majority of Wyoming wants that to happen.  

442  
00:29:04,333 --> 00:29:06,059  
牧场主们期待解禁，  
The ranchers want that to happen.  

443  
00:29:06,059 --> 00:29:08,752  
狩猎社区也翘首以盼。  
The hunting community wants that to happen.  

444  
00:29:11,030 --> 00:29:13,584  
但主张维持保护的论点认为  
But the argument for keeping them on the list  

445  
00:29:13,584 --> 00:29:16,656  
不同种群间尚未实现  
is that we're not seeing any gene flow  

446  
00:29:16,656 --> 00:29:19,797  
基因交流。  
between the distinct populations.  

447  
00:29:19,797 --> 00:29:21,592  
大黄石生态圈  
Here in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem,  

448  
00:29:21,592 --> 00:29:24,146  
灰熊种群健康繁盛，  
we've got a really healthy population.  

449  
00:29:24,146 --> 00:29:25,147  
而在  
Up in  

450  
00:29:25,147 --> 00:29:27,046  
鲍勃马歇尔荒野  
the Bob Marshall Wilderness  

451  
00:29:27,046 --> 00:29:28,288  
和冰川国家公园  
in Glacier National Park,  

452  
00:29:28,288 --> 00:29:30,463  
还存在另一个  
you have another population  

453  
00:29:30,463 --> 00:29:31,844  
灰熊种群，  
of grizzly bears,  

454  
00:29:31,844 --> 00:29:35,019  
两个种群间始终缺乏  
and there has not been gene flow  

455  
00:29:35,019 --> 00:29:37,056  
基因交流，  
between those two populations,  

456  
00:29:37,056 --> 00:29:38,712  
形成基因瓶颈。  
meaning there's a genetic bottleneck.  

457  
00:29:40,059 --> 00:29:41,957  
灰熊需要连通的  
Grizzly bears need connected  

458  
00:29:41,957 --> 00:29:43,925  
栖息地和生态廊道  
landscapes and corridors  

459  
00:29:43,925 --> 00:29:45,236  
才能实现  
in order to make  

460  
00:29:45,236 --> 00:29:48,067  
基因交流。  
that gene flow possible.  

461  
00:29:48,067 --> 00:29:50,794  
许多人认为物种恢复  
Recovery, in many people's opinion,  

462  
00:29:50,794 --> 00:29:53,762  
应定义为两个种群  
would be defined by when those two populations  

463  
00:29:53,762 --> 00:29:55,488  
能够杂交繁衍。  
can interbreed.  

464  
00:29:55,488 --> 00:29:57,110  
部分人主张  
Some people would argue  

465  
00:29:57,110 --> 00:29:58,387  
应先实现基因交流  
that we should let that happen  

466  
00:29:58,387 --> 00:30:01,528  
再考虑移出保护名单。  
first before they're delisted.  

467  
00:30:03,737 --> 00:30:07,672  
若被移出名单，它们将面临猎杀。  
If they get delisted, they're going to get hunted.  

468  
00:30:09,467 --> 00:30:15,404  
399的行为模式在国家公园内堪称典范，  
399's behavior is a great behavior within a national park.  

469  
00:30:15,404 --> 00:30:17,475  
但若开放灰熊狩猎季，  
If there is a hunting season for grizzlies,  

470  
00:30:17,475 --> 00:30:22,860  
对人类毫无戒心将极其危险。  
it would be a horrible behavior to be that tolerant of people.  

471  
00:30:22,860 --> 00:30:24,828  
真到狩猎季来临，  
If there was a hunting season,  

472  
00:30:24,828 --> 00:30:27,002  
这些路边熊  
it would actually be some of these roadside bears  

473  
00:30:27,002 --> 00:30:29,246  
会最先遭殃。  
that would be the first to go.  

474  
00:30:40,567 --> 00:30:42,224  
整个秋季她的行踪  
That whole fall, it was just always--  

475  
00:30:42,224 --> 00:30:44,330  
始终飘忽不定。  
you never knew where she was going to be.  

476  
00:30:50,336 --> 00:30:52,338  
全是私人领地。  
It's all private property.  

477  
00:30:52,338 --> 00:30:56,756  
渔猎部门在驱逐围观者。  
So the Game and Fish were chasing people out.  

478  
00:30:56,756 --> 00:30:59,586  
我们都担心她会惹上麻烦。  
And we're all worried that she was going to get in trouble.  

479  
00:31:01,934 --> 00:31:04,005  
从管理角度而言，  
From a management, like, perspective,  

480  
00:31:04,005 --> 00:31:06,870  
她简直是噩梦，人们都在惊呼：  
I mean, she's a nightmare, Everybody was like,  

481  
00:31:06,870 --> 00:31:08,595  
"天啊，她在这个社区！  
"Oh, my God, she's in this neighborhood.  

482  
00:31:08,595 --> 00:31:10,908  
现在又到那个社区！又回公园了！"  
Now she's in this neighborhood. Now she's back in the park!"  

483  
00:31:10,908 --> 00:31:13,669  
林务局、公园管理局、  
And You talk to people that work for the Forest Service,  

484  
00:31:13,669 --> 00:31:15,740  
美国鱼类野生动物管理局、  
they work for the Park Service, they work for  

485  
00:31:15,740 --> 00:31:18,157  
怀俄明渔猎部门的工作人员  
U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Wyoming Game and Fish.  

486  
00:31:18,157 --> 00:31:21,160  
都承受着公众压力，  
The public is, like, telling them they need to do this,  

487  
00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:23,679  
要求他们保护这头熊。  
they need to, like, protect this animal.  

488  
00:31:23,679 --> 00:31:25,612  
他们压力巨大。  
There's so much pressure on them.  

489  
00:31:30,686 --> 00:31:33,103  
上周六晚，跨部门团队  
Late Saturday, an interagency team  

490  
00:31:33,103 --> 00:31:35,588  
成功为灰熊399的  
successfully attached radio collars  

491  
00:31:35,588 --> 00:31:38,694  
两只幼崽戴上无线电项圈  
to two of Grizzly Bear 399's yearlings  

492  
00:31:38,694 --> 00:31:41,111  
以监控熊群位置  
in order to monitor the bear's location  

493  
00:31:41,111 --> 00:31:43,251  
预防杰克逊洞居民区  
and take steps to prevent conflicts  

494  
00:31:43,251 --> 00:31:46,737  
与熊群的冲突。  
between the bears and residents of Jackson Hole.  

495  
00:31:52,950 --> 00:31:54,503  
快看。  
Look at that.  

496  
00:32:01,683 --> 00:32:04,065  
整个停车场都是工作人员，  
That whole parking lot was full of agency people,  

497  
00:32:04,065 --> 00:32:06,757  
区域已被封锁。  
and the parking lot was closed off.  

498  
00:32:11,037 --> 00:32:14,558  
他们捕获了三只幼崽。  
They trapped three of the cubs.  

499  
00:32:14,558 --> 00:32:18,769  
399逃上小山丘，  
399, she ran up in that little hill there.  

500  
00:32:18,769 --> 00:32:22,393  
明显极度焦虑地寻找幼崽。  
obviously really stressed out, looking for her cubs.  

501  
00:32:24,326 --> 00:32:25,534  
我曾见过她在灌木丛  
Man, I've seen her lose cubs before,  

502  
00:32:25,534 --> 00:32:27,019  
丢失幼崽时的反应，  
just in the bushes and stuff,  

503  
00:32:27,019 --> 00:32:30,125  
她会发出急促喘息、流着口水、  
and she goes nuts by huffing and drooling  

504  
00:32:30,125 --> 00:32:31,885  
直立奔跑、  
and standing up and running around  

505  
00:32:31,885 --> 00:32:33,439  
疯狂哀嚎。  
and bawling like crazy.  

506  
00:32:57,773 --> 00:33:00,431  
美国鱼类野生动物管理局上周末  
Over the weekend, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service  

507  
00:33:00,431 --> 00:33:03,572  
为399的四只幼崽中两只戴上项圈  
collared two of 399's four yearling cubs  

508  
00:33:03,572 --> 00:33:07,611  
因它们在杰克逊南部与人类冲突加剧。  
after increasing conflicts with humans south of Jackson.  

509  
00:33:07,611 --> 00:33:09,647  
恕我打断，但  
Excuse me for interrupting, but  

510  
00:33:09,647 --> 00:33:14,721  
两天前发生的事实在太残酷了。  
what happened two days ago, it was pretty brutal, I think.  

511  
00:33:14,721 --> 00:33:17,034  
她与其中一只幼崽  
She was separated with her one cub  

512  
00:33:17,034 --> 00:33:18,898  
被迫和另外三只分离。  
from her three other cubs.  

513  
00:33:18,898 --> 00:33:20,348  
她已26岁高龄，  
She's 26 years old.  

514  
00:33:20,348 --> 00:33:24,731  
不该承受幼崽被麻醉镖击中的痛苦。  
She's does not need to have her cubs darted and drugged  

515  
00:33:24,731 --> 00:33:27,217  
汤姆，感谢你的回应。  
Yeah, Tom, no, thanks for that response.  

516  
00:33:27,217 --> 00:33:28,459  
这正是  
And this is where, you know,  

517  
00:33:28,459 --> 00:33:30,599  
热忱之所在。  
this passion comes through, right?  

518  
00:33:30,599 --> 00:33:34,155  
瑟尔文博士对此有何回应？  
Dr. Servheen, you know, any response to that?  

519  
00:33:34,155 --> 00:33:37,020  
我们给亚成年熊戴项圈  
What happened was to try to get collars  

520  
00:33:37,020 --> 00:33:39,367  
是为追踪它们的  
on some of these subadults so that we could understand  

521  
00:33:39,367 --> 00:33:41,058  
冲突发生地。  
where they're getting into trouble.  

522  
00:33:41,058 --> 00:33:44,544  
最令我们熊类生物学家担忧的是  
And most disturbing to us bear biologists  

523  
00:33:44,544 --> 00:33:46,236  
幼崽们将效仿母亲  
is what her offspring are going to do  

524  
00:33:46,236 --> 00:33:50,447  
学习在人类周边生存。  
because they're learning how to live around people.  

525  
00:33:50,447 --> 00:33:52,794  
熊类数量持续增长，  
We've got increasing numbers of bears,  

526  
00:33:52,794 --> 00:33:56,004  
人类也不断侵入熊的栖息地。  
and we've got increasing numbers of people in bear habitat.  

527  
00:33:56,004 --> 00:34:01,734  
这场碰撞已成必然之势。  
And that collision is the dance that's occurring.  

528  
00:34:01,734 --> 00:34:07,326  
只愿她能远离祸端。  
And I just hope that we can keep her out of trouble.  

529  
00:34:37,045 --> 00:34:40,048  
灰熊399带着四只幼崽  
Grizzly 399 and her four yearlings paid a visit  

530  
00:34:40,048 --> 00:34:43,224  
昨晚十点半造访杰克逊镇，  
to Jackson last night around 10:30 p.m.  

531  
00:34:43,224 --> 00:34:45,433  
执法部门与野生动物官员  
and got a reception from law enforcement  

532  
00:34:45,433 --> 00:34:48,332  
严阵以待。  
and wildlife authorities.  

533  
00:34:48,332 --> 00:34:51,266  
五头灰熊横穿  
Five grizzly bears walk the entire length  

534  
00:34:51,266 --> 00:34:53,026  
杰克逊洞全境。  
of Jackson Hole.  

535  
00:34:53,026 --> 00:34:57,514  
全镇居民都屏息以待。  
Everybody in Jackson Hole held their collective breaths.  

536  
00:35:00,172 --> 00:35:03,520  
这对当地居民犹如警钟。  
It was a wake-up to people here.  

537  
00:35:07,351 --> 00:35:10,561  
她的行为模式  
Where she goes and what she does,  

538  
00:35:10,561 --> 00:35:13,288  
将成为幼崽的生存教材。  
she teaches that to her young.  

539  
00:35:13,288 --> 00:35:16,947  
若动物频繁接触人类却未受伤害，  
If an animal is around people a lot and nothing bad happens,  

540  
00:35:16,947 --> 00:35:19,984  
它们会逐渐降低戒心  
they become more likely to be around people  

541  
00:35:19,984 --> 00:35:21,986  
更亲近人类。  
because it's not that scary.  

542  
00:35:24,127 --> 00:35:26,474  
在国家公园外  
That behavior outside of a national park,  

543  
00:35:26,474 --> 00:35:29,304  
杰克逊镇街区  
in the town of Jackson, in a neighborhood,  

544  
00:35:29,304 --> 00:35:31,755  
或公路沿线出现  
along a highway, is not tolerated.  

545  
00:35:31,755 --> 00:35:35,068  
通常会被实施安乐死。  
That bear is usually euthanized.  

546  
00:35:36,553 --> 00:35:39,176  
399和幼崽在警方护送下  
399 and the cubs were escorted by police  

547  
00:35:39,176 --> 00:35:41,592  
穿过杰克逊镇中心。  
through downtown Jackson.  

548  
00:35:41,592 --> 00:35:45,148  
她是否享有特权？  
Does she get special treatment?  

549  
00:35:45,148 --> 00:35:47,115  
百分之百。  
100%. Yeah.  

550  
00:35:47,115 --> 00:35:49,876  
绝对享有特殊待遇。  
100% she gets special treatment.  

551  
00:36:00,266 --> 00:36:04,650  
气候变化导致天然食物锐减  
These bears are getting pushed into more human conflicts  

552  
00:36:04,650 --> 00:36:06,617  
迫使熊群与人类  
because their natural food sources  

553  
00:36:06,617 --> 00:36:09,793  
冲突加剧。  
are being hit hard by climate change.  

554  
00:36:09,793 --> 00:36:13,762  
最显著的变化在秋季显现。  
The big changes that we're seeing are in the fall.  

555  
00:36:13,762 --> 00:36:16,248  
现在十月初的天气  
Right now it's first week of October  

556  
00:36:16,248 --> 00:36:19,768  
仍保持70华氏度的晴朗  
and it's still 70 degrees and sunny  

557  
00:36:19,768 --> 00:36:22,288  
往年此时早该迎来初雪。  
when historically we'd be getting our first snow falls  

558  
00:36:22,288 --> 00:36:26,050  
right about now.  

559  
00:36:26,050 --> 00:36:28,536  
春秋季持续变暖  
Our falls are getting warmer, our springs are getting warmer,  

560  
00:36:28,536 --> 00:36:31,297  
夏季不断延长  
and in general our summers are getting longer out here,  

561  
00:36:31,297 --> 00:36:33,196  
这是气候变化的恶果。  
driven by climate change.  

562  
00:36:35,577 --> 00:36:38,304  
熊类喜食的  
And so plants that bears like to eat  

563  
00:36:38,304 --> 00:36:40,582  
苦樱桃、唐棣  
like chokecherry and serviceberry  

564  
00:36:40,582 --> 00:36:43,620  
和野牛莓都提前结果，  
and buffaloberry are all fruiting earlier,  

565  
00:36:43,620 --> 00:36:46,485  
食物供给期从初秋  
and they're providing food in late summer  

566  
00:36:46,485 --> 00:36:48,003  
提前至夏末  
instead of early fall  

567  
00:36:48,003 --> 00:36:50,523  
与熊类冬眠需求错位。  
when the bears need them going to hibernation.  

568  
00:36:50,523 --> 00:36:53,146  
这意味着熊群  
And what that could mean is that the bears  

569  
00:36:53,146 --> 00:36:56,149  
将在饥饿中进入秋季  
are going into the fall hungrier,  

570  
00:36:56,149 --> 00:36:58,531  
被迫寻找替代食物  
seeking alternative food sources,  

571  
00:36:58,531 --> 00:37:01,085  
扩大觅食范围  
traveling further in search of food  

572  
00:37:01,085 --> 00:37:03,536  
因传统食物来源  
because their fall food sources are not as reliable  

573  
00:37:03,536 --> 00:37:05,158  
已不可靠。  
as they once were.  

574  
00:37:07,747 --> 00:37:12,096  
人熊冲突必将愈演愈烈。  
So bear-human conflicts are only going to increase.  

575  
00:37:12,096 --> 00:37:15,997  
这绝非熊类之过。  
And that is not the bear's fault.  

576  
00:37:15,997 --> 00:37:21,002  
关于灰熊399的争论  
All these arguments over a single grizzly bear,  

577  
00:37:21,002 --> 00:37:23,418  
具有象征意义。  
399 is a symbol.  

578  
00:37:23,418 --> 00:37:27,146  
这不仅关乎单个个体  
It's not about one individual animal.  

579  
00:37:27,146 --> 00:37:31,737  
更关系灰熊族群的存续  
It's about grizzly bears surviving into the future.  

580  
00:37:31,737 --> 00:37:35,499  
关乎自然保护的终极命题。  
It's about the preservation of nature itself.  

581  
00:37:39,814 --> 00:37:43,266  
自上月穿行杰克逊镇后  
Grizzly Bear 399 and her four cubs have been elusive  

582  
00:37:43,266 --> 00:37:46,890  
灰熊399与四只幼崽行踪成谜。  
ever since their walk through downtown Jackson last month.  

583  
00:37:46,890 --> 00:37:49,306  
这个明星家族难得一见，  
The famous family has been rarely seen,  

584  
00:37:49,306 --> 00:37:51,791  
但两只幼崽的无线电项圈  
but the radio collars on two of the cubs  

585  
00:37:51,791 --> 00:37:55,623  
为管理部门提供着定位。  
provide wildlife officials with the family's location.  

586  
00:37:55,623 --> 00:37:58,453  
粉丝们猜测它们已抵达  
399's fans assume the grizzlies have made it  

587  
00:37:58,453 --> 00:38:01,111  
大提顿国家公园的冬眠洞穴。  
to den in Grand Teton National Park,  

588  
00:38:01,111 --> 00:38:03,596  
where they're expected to hibernate.  

589  
00:38:34,869 --> 00:38:38,010  
我们准备渡过朝圣溪  
So, we'll go ahead and cross Pilgrim Creek  

590  
00:38:38,010 --> 00:38:44,154  
用望远镜扫描山丘。  
and maybe we get out the scope and scan those hills.  

591  
00:39:04,830 --> 00:39:08,385  
等待的每一天  
Every day we wait, it gets closer to the day  

592  
00:39:08,385 --> 00:39:10,870  
都更接近她的出洞日...  
she should be out, so...  

593  
00:39:10,870 --> 00:39:12,389  
但愿它们健康平安  
Hopefully they're all healthy and well  

594  
00:39:12,389 --> 00:39:13,839  
熬过寒冬  
and made it through the winter,  

595  
00:39:13,839 --> 00:39:17,083  
其实我们并无把握。  
which we actually don't know for sure.  

596  
00:39:18,602 --> 00:39:20,639  
不知她在等待什么  
So I don't know what she's waiting for.  

597  
00:39:20,639 --> 00:39:24,401  
我确实开始感到担忧。  
But I'm getting a little-- a little worried actually.  

598  
00:39:29,406 --> 00:39:30,925  
我们总想当然认为  
I think we start taking for granted  

599  
00:39:30,925 --> 00:39:32,133  
她能安然越冬  
that she's going to survive the winter,  

600  
00:39:32,133 --> 00:39:34,998  
挺过冬眠  
that she's going to survive the den.  

601  
00:39:34,998 --> 00:39:37,310  
但她已至风烛残年。  
But she's kind of at the very end of her life.  

602  
00:39:42,971 --> 00:39:49,909  
2021年蒙大拿州发生128起人熊冲突  
In 2021, Montana had 128 conflicts with grizzly bears,  

603  
00:39:49,909 --> 00:39:55,432  
导致两人受伤一人死亡。  
resulting in two human injuries, one human fatality.  

604  
00:39:55,432 --> 00:39:59,402  
去年还有10起  
We did also have 10 documented grizzly bear mortalities  

605  
00:39:59,402 --> 00:40:02,543  
灰熊死亡事件。  
this last year.  

606  
00:40:02,543 --> 00:40:05,373  
今天我将探讨灰熊冲突问题。  
Today I'll be talking about grizzly bear conflicts.  

607  
00:40:05,373 --> 00:40:07,030  
直到2005年左右  
It wasn't until about 2005  

608  
00:40:07,030 --> 00:40:10,067  
才开始出现连年冲突。  
that we started seeing conflicts every year.  

609  
00:40:10,067 --> 00:40:13,277  
但真正棘手的是  
But I think the real elephant in the room  

610  
00:40:13,277 --> 00:40:16,591  
灰熊移出保护名单的议题。  
is the delisting of grizzly bears.  

611  
00:40:16,591 --> 00:40:18,938  
若将灰熊移出名单  
To delist grizzly bears  

612  
00:40:18,938 --> 00:40:22,770  
交由怀俄明、爱达荷  
and then turn over the management to the states,  

613  
00:40:22,770 --> 00:40:26,463  
和蒙大拿州管理  
Wyoming, Idaho and Montana.  

614  
00:40:26,463 --> 00:40:35,265  
看看近期狼群的遭遇——它们惨遭屠戮。  
We did that with wolves recently and they've massacred wolves.  

615  
00:40:35,265 --> 00:40:38,475  
若各州如此管理狼群  
If that's the kind of management the states do to wolves,  

616  
00:40:38,475 --> 00:40:42,065  
我们怎能放心将灰熊  
why the hell would we ever want to turn over the management  

617  
00:40:42,065 --> 00:40:45,448  
交给他们？  
of grizzly bears to the states?  

618  
00:40:45,448 --> 00:40:46,828  
谢谢。  
Thank you.  

619  
00:40:50,901 --> 00:40:54,077  
好的，感谢各位。  
Okay. Thanks a lot, everybody.  

620  
00:40:54,077 --> 00:40:55,147  
会议结束。  
We're done.  

621  
00:41:01,981 --> 00:41:07,090  
头条新闻：《399面临严峻未来》  
Headline reads, "399 faces tough future.  

622  
00:41:07,090 --> 00:41:10,576  
希拉里·库利担忧灰熊399  
Hilary Cooley is worried about the season ahead for Grizzly 399  

623  
00:41:10,576 --> 00:41:14,442  
及其尚未结束冬眠的幼崽。  
and her cubs, who have yet to emerge from hibernation.  

624  
00:41:14,442 --> 00:41:16,651  
"它们的前景不容乐观"  
'The future's not so bright for these guys,'  

625  
00:41:16,651 --> 00:41:19,551  
她在杰克逊召开的  
she said during a meeting of state and federal wildlife  

626  
00:41:19,551 --> 00:41:22,312  
跨部门会议上表示。  
and land managers Wednesday in Jackson.  

627  
00:41:22,312 --> 00:41:24,210  
"它们已多次惹上麻烦"  
'They've been in a lot of trouble.'"  

628  
00:41:26,350 --> 00:41:29,284  
我认为它们并未惹大麻烦  
They've not been in a lot of trouble, in my opinion.  

629  
00:41:29,284 --> 00:41:31,079  
只是南下穿过社区  
They've gone south, they've gone through neighborhoods,  

630  
00:41:31,079 --> 00:41:33,910  
翻过几个蜂箱而已。  
they've gotten in some beehives.  

631  
00:41:33,910 --> 00:41:37,292  
这算不上大问题。  
That's not a lot of trouble.  

632  
00:41:46,439 --> 00:41:48,925  
注意那片开阔地。  
Just keep your eye on that whole open area.  

633  
00:41:48,925 --> 00:41:50,927  
带长焦镜头了吗？  
You got that longer lens?  

634  
00:41:50,927 --> 00:41:53,170  
带了。好，保持位置。  
Yeah. Okay, hold it there.  

635  
00:41:53,170 --> 00:41:55,138  
她来了！  
Okay. Here she comes!  

636  
00:42:35,523 --> 00:42:37,318  
天！我说过她会沿河而来  
Oh, my God, I told you she'd come down the river.  

637  
00:42:37,318 --> 00:42:39,907  
我就知道！  
I knew she'd come down the river.  

638  
00:42:42,841 --> 00:42:44,774  
汤姆，感觉如何？  
Tom, how are you feeling?  

639  
00:42:44,774 --> 00:42:49,848  
太棒了，真没想到能见到她  
I'm great, amazed that we saw her.  

640  
00:42:51,366 --> 00:42:53,437  
我几乎要放弃了  
I was just about ready to give up.  

641  
00:42:53,437 --> 00:42:55,336  
不是放弃她，是放弃今天  
Not give up on her, but for a day.  

642  
00:42:55,336 --> 00:42:58,270  
她总是出人意料  
Yeah. She's just something.  

643  
00:42:58,270 --> 00:43:01,722  
幼崽们都很健康  
The cubs all look really healthy. Yeah.  

644  
00:43:01,722 --> 00:43:04,517  
我确实开始担心了  
Yeah, I was starting to worry really.  

645  
00:43:10,765 --> 00:43:12,284  
它们朝我走来了  
They're coming right to me.  

646  
00:43:30,889 --> 00:43:32,891  
成功了！  
Okay, we did it!  

647  
00:43:32,891 --> 00:43:35,272  
她出洞了！  
She's out of the den!  

648  
00:43:35,272 --> 00:43:37,723  
最后几分钟只有我们  
We were in there for the last couple little minutes  

649  
00:43:37,723 --> 00:43:39,035  
见证这一刻！  
all by ourselves!  

650  
00:43:39,035 --> 00:43:41,209  
她就这样从我们面前走过  
And she walked right freaking past us.  

651  
00:43:41,209 --> 00:43:42,901  
这难道不令人惊叹吗？  
I mean, was that not amazing?  

652  
00:43:42,901 --> 00:43:45,869  
她疾驰而过时带起的风声  
When she came across and just went woosh!  

653  
00:43:45,869 --> 00:43:48,665  
让人心跳加速  
That was just like-- That's-- your heart just starts pounding.  

654  
00:43:48,665 --> 00:43:49,977  
整整17年  
I mean, I've-- how--  

655  
00:43:49,977 --> 00:43:53,256  
我追踪拍摄她的17年间  
I've been watching her for 17 years,  

656  
00:43:53,256 --> 00:43:55,465  
每次相见仍激动不已  
and it still is so thrilling.  

657  
00:44:26,530 --> 00:44:30,293  
399无疑拥有丰富的生存智慧  
There is no doubt that 399 has a lot of experience  

658  
00:44:30,293 --> 00:44:32,605  
既懂得如何养育幼崽  
of how to successfully raise cubs,  

659  
00:44:32,605 --> 00:44:36,161  
也精通带崽迁徙之道  
how to navigate the landscape with cubs.  

660  
00:44:36,161 --> 00:44:39,267  
但当幼崽成年后  
But certainly once those cubs reach adulthood,  

661  
00:44:39,267 --> 00:44:42,823  
它们的生存前景令人忧虑  
there are questions about what is their survival?  

662  
00:44:42,823 --> 00:44:46,550  
特别是这些已习惯人类的幼崽  
Especially some of these cubs that are habituated,  

663  
00:44:46,550 --> 00:44:48,173  
正被迫离开公园  
are now leaving the park  

664  
00:44:48,173 --> 00:44:50,865  
因为公园灰熊数量已达饱和  
because the park is fully occupied with grizzlies.  

665  
00:44:50,865 --> 00:44:52,729  
在人类主导区域  
There just isn't additional suitable  

666  
00:44:52,729 --> 00:44:56,871  
已无更多适宜栖息地  
habitat available for grizzlies to coexist  

667  
00:44:56,871 --> 00:45:01,669  
供灰熊生存  
in some of these highly human-dominated areas.  

668  
00:45:01,669 --> 00:45:03,636  
看这些车辆，太惊人了  
Look at the all the cars, unbelievable.  

669  
00:45:03,636 --> 00:45:05,742  
天哪  
Holy man.  

670  
00:45:05,742 --> 00:45:09,125  
2022年幼崽两岁半时  
2022, the cubs were 2 1/2.  

671  
00:45:09,125 --> 00:45:12,749  
被母亲驱逐自立  
So that's the summer they get kicked out.  

672  
00:45:12,749 --> 00:45:15,303  
前一晚我们还看见她哺乳  
The night before, we saw her nursing them,  

673  
00:45:15,303 --> 00:45:18,962  
没想到这么大还在喂奶  
and we didn't realize she still nursed when they're that big.  

674  
00:45:18,962 --> 00:45:22,759  
次日她就沿小径追赶幼崽  
And then the next day she starts running down the trail  

675  
00:45:22,759 --> 00:45:24,899  
又抓又吼  
and she's swatting them and growling at them.  

676  
00:45:24,899 --> 00:45:26,211  
我们完全看不懂  
And we're-- "What is going on?"  

677  
00:45:26,211 --> 00:45:28,040  
这场驱逐仪式  
Nobody could figure it out.  

678  
00:45:29,524 --> 00:45:31,492  
她赶走了孩子们  
She chased them off.  

679  
00:45:34,944 --> 00:45:40,397  
隔日再见时已形单影只  
And then the next day we saw her and she didn't have the cubs,  

680  
00:45:40,397 --> 00:45:45,057  
幼崽从林间现身  
and then you saw her cubs come out of the trees  

681  
00:45:45,057 --> 00:45:49,061  
被她追出一英里远  
and she chased them for a mile.  

682  
00:45:49,061 --> 00:45:50,649  
幼崽这才明白  
Then the cubs got the picture.  

683  
00:45:50,649 --> 00:45:53,134  
"再也回不去了"  
It's like "Oh, we can't come back anymore."  

684  
00:45:53,134 --> 00:45:55,171  
目睹这场离别令人心碎  
But it was really sad to watch  

685  
00:45:55,171 --> 00:46:00,832  
毕竟见证过它们的舐犊情深  
because we'd been watching them all being so loving.  

686  
00:46:00,832 --> 00:46:03,662  
被驱逐的首个夏季  
Sometimes cubs will stick together that first summer  

687  
00:46:03,662 --> 00:46:05,940  
幼崽或会短暂相依  
they're kicked out for a little while  

688  
00:46:05,940 --> 00:46:08,736  
终将各奔东西  
and then they separate.  

689  
00:46:08,736 --> 00:46:11,187  
但多数情况下  
But, for the most part, all of sudden,  

690  
00:46:11,187 --> 00:46:12,913  
它们即刻独立谋生  
they're out on their own.  

691  
00:46:30,551 --> 00:46:35,073  
直到最近有头灰熊  
It wasn't until most recently we had a bear,  

692  
00:46:35,073 --> 00:46:39,249  
后确认为1057号  
which we later understood to be 1057,  

693  
00:46:39,249 --> 00:46:45,842  
正是明星熊399的后代  
a cub of the famous mama bear 399.  

694  
00:46:45,842 --> 00:46:47,844  
这是你首次注意到它  
This is when you first noticed the bear.  

695  
00:46:47,844 --> 00:46:48,845  
嗯，是的  
Mm-hmm. Yeah.  

696  
00:46:48,845 --> 00:46:50,709  
它转身回望  
The bear turned and looked.  

697  
00:46:54,195 --> 00:46:57,820  
这头熊屡次闯入民宅门廊  
The bear had been on other people's porch as well  

698  
00:46:57,820 --> 00:47:00,512  
甚至打开  
and actually had gotten into  

699  
00:47:00,512 --> 00:47:02,134  
居民冰柜  
someone's freezer.  

700  
00:47:02,134 --> 00:47:03,549  
渔猎部门称  
Game and Fish,  

701  
00:47:03,549 --> 00:47:05,862  
这是接到的第13起  
they told me that that was the 13th call  

702  
00:47:05,862 --> 00:47:07,139  
相关投诉  
that they had received.  

703  
00:47:14,733 --> 00:47:17,701  
习惯人类与依赖人类投喂  
There's a difference between a habituated bear  

704  
00:47:17,701 --> 00:47:20,877  
有本质区别  
and a food-conditioned bear.  

705  
00:47:21,878 --> 00:47:26,779  
习惯人类的熊能泰然处之  
A habituated bear is familiar with people in the environment  

706  
00:47:26,779 --> 00:47:28,574  
不受惊扰  
without being spooked.  

707  
00:47:30,128 --> 00:47:32,095  
而依赖投喂的熊  
A food-conditioned bear  

708  
00:47:32,095 --> 00:47:38,757  
会将人类与食物直接关联  
sees people or signs of people and associates them with food.  

709  
00:47:38,757 --> 00:47:45,902  
社会绝不容忍后者  
And that's one thing that society won't tolerate.  

710  
00:48:01,193 --> 00:48:03,955  
我心如刀割  
It broke my heart.  

711  
00:48:03,955 --> 00:48:07,544  
亲眼见证399历尽艰辛  
I mean, I obviously saw how difficult it is  

712  
00:48:07,544 --> 00:48:11,652  
将四只幼崽抚养至亚成年  
for 399 to raise these four cubs to subadult.  

713  
00:48:11,652 --> 00:48:16,864  
我们本该给它们更多生存机会  
You've got to give these bears a better chance than that.  

714  
00:48:16,864 --> 00:48:21,420  
得知1057被实施安乐死时  
When we learned that 1057 was euthanized,  

715  
00:48:21,420 --> 00:48:25,838  
我深感人类难辞其咎  
I felt as humans, we were responsible for that  

716  
00:48:25,838 --> 00:48:32,949  
是我们辜负了这些熊  
and that's where we've kind of shortchanged the bears.  

717  
00:49:10,297 --> 00:49:17,821  
399改变了人们对灰熊的认知  
399 has changed people's attitude towards grizzly bears.  

718  
00:49:17,821 --> 00:49:23,137  
正因如此 她很可能挽救熊群  
And because of that, she will likely save bears  

719  
00:49:23,137 --> 00:49:26,140  
免遭除名与猎杀  
from being delisted and killed.  

720  
00:49:26,140 --> 00:49:27,935  
这位是？家父  
Who is this? This is my dad.  

721  
00:49:27,935 --> 00:49:29,178  
果然 蒂姆先生  
I thought so. Tim, sir.  

722  
00:49:29,178 --> 00:49:30,455  
久仰大名  
Nice to meet you. I love your work.  

723  
00:49:30,455 --> 00:49:31,870  
幸会  
Thank you. Pleasure to meet you.  

724  
00:49:31,870 --> 00:49:33,837  
他今早刚拍到399  
This guy got a shot of 399 this morning  

725  
00:49:33,837 --> 00:49:35,356  
真的吗？  
as a matter of fact. You did?  

726  
00:49:35,356 --> 00:49:36,633  
隔着树丛拍的  
Yeah. It's through some trees.  

727  
00:49:36,633 --> 00:49:38,532  
当时我也在场  
But ever since I-- I was there.  

728  
00:49:38,532 --> 00:49:39,671  
真的？  
Oh, really?  

729  
00:49:39,671 --> 00:49:40,844  
却没拍到  
And I didn't get a shot.  

730  
00:49:40,844 --> 00:49:42,053  
可惜  
Oh.  

731  
00:49:42,053 --> 00:49:43,606  
是第一次见到她吗？  
So was that the first time you've seen her?  

732  
00:49:43,606 --> 00:49:45,159  
是的 之前来过两次  
Yes. We've been here two other times.  

733  
00:49:45,159 --> 00:49:47,437  
一直寻找却无缘得见  
And I've been looking for her, but I haven't seen her.  

734  
00:49:47,437 --> 00:49:49,543  
今天是首遇  
It was the first time.  

735  
00:49:49,543 --> 00:49:50,785  
恭喜你  
So good for you.  

736  
00:49:50,785 --> 00:49:52,408  
谢谢  
Thank you.  

737  
00:49:54,927 --> 00:49:57,033  
拍摄她是极大挑战  
She's such a challenge to photograph.  

738  
00:49:57,033 --> 00:49:59,035  
我是说真正的好作品  
I mean, seriously photograph.  

739  
00:49:59,035 --> 00:50:00,761  
堪称经典的  
Really good images.  

740  
00:50:00,761 --> 00:50:02,245  
我毕生所获的佳作  
I mean, I have probably really great images.  

741  
00:50:02,245 --> 00:50:06,905  
不过十幅之数  
I have to say maybe 5 or 10.  

742  
00:50:06,905 --> 00:50:09,321  
比如令我怦然心动的  
You know, ones that, in my heart,  

743  
00:50:09,321 --> 00:50:10,943  
《守护者》...  
like "The Guardian"...  

744  
00:50:15,120 --> 00:50:18,261  
《破晓》...  
And "First Light"...  

745  
00:50:22,438 --> 00:50:26,062  
《蒿原孤影》  
"Out of the Sage."  

746  
00:50:26,062 --> 00:50:30,377  
这些才是传世之作  
Those are special images.  

747  
00:50:30,377 --> 00:50:32,620  
每次回看都欣慰  
Images that I say that "I got it,"  

748  
00:50:32,620 --> 00:50:34,243  
"干得漂亮  
you know, "that's great.  

749  
00:50:34,243 --> 00:50:36,038  
小汤米"  
Good job, Tommy."  

750  
00:50:41,353 --> 00:50:43,045  
打扰一下！请讲？  
Hey, excuse me! Yeah?  

751  
00:50:43,045 --> 00:50:45,702  
这里有什么？  
What's going on here?  

752  
00:50:45,702 --> 00:50:49,120  
左侧远处有灰熊  
There's a grizzly bear far out on your left.  

753  
00:50:49,120 --> 00:50:50,500  
太棒了！  
Oh, awesome!  

754  
00:50:50,500 --> 00:50:51,846  
看人群注视的方向就行  
Just watch where the people are looking.  

755  
00:50:51,846 --> 00:50:52,778  
好的 谢谢  
Cool. Thank you.  

756  
00:50:52,778 --> 00:50:54,504  
不客气  
You're welcome.  

757  
00:50:57,645 --> 00:51:00,579  
每年我都想改行  
You know, I think every year I should do something else  

758  
00:51:00,579 --> 00:51:03,237  
过点正常生活  
and get a life, whatever.  

759  
00:51:03,237 --> 00:51:05,584  
她总给我惊喜  
And then she surprises me.  

760  
00:51:05,584 --> 00:51:06,792  
看啊  
There she is.  

761  
00:51:06,792 --> 00:51:08,656  
天呐 快看  
Oh, my God, look at that.  

762  
00:51:17,286 --> 00:51:20,599  
今年399带着新幼崽出洞  
399 comes out of the den this year with another cub.  

763  
00:51:22,222 --> 00:51:24,914  
27岁高龄的她  
At 27 years old,  

764  
00:51:24,914 --> 00:51:28,055  
成为大黄石区域  
she is the oldest living grizzly bear  

765  
00:51:28,055 --> 00:51:32,439  
有记录的最年长产子灰熊  
that's ever given birth in the greater Yellowstone area.  

766  
00:51:32,439 --> 00:51:34,096  
找到她了  
I've got her.  

767  
00:51:37,133 --> 00:51:38,652  
令所有人惊叹的是  
It just amazes everybody  

768  
00:51:38,652 --> 00:51:40,136  
专家曾断言她已无法生育  
because everybody says she's too old,  

769  
00:51:40,136 --> 00:51:41,241  
但她再次创造了奇迹  
she can't have any more cubs.  

770  
00:51:41,241 --> 00:51:42,897  
But she did.  

771  
00:51:46,038 --> 00:51:50,250  
幼崽活力十足 我私自为它取名  
The cub had a lot of spirit, so I personally named him  

772  
00:51:50,250 --> 00:51:52,424  
"精灵"以寄情思  
Spirit just for my own sake.  

773  
00:51:57,498 --> 00:52:00,881  
399给予我希望  
399 gives me a lot of hope.  

774  
00:52:00,881 --> 00:52:03,263  
尽管生存条件恶劣  
The odds are stacked against her.  

775  
00:52:03,263 --> 00:52:06,645  
她仍日复一日年复一年  
But she lives every day, every year,  

776  
00:52:06,645 --> 00:52:10,028  
在这艰难世间抚育后代  
trying to raise her cubs in a really difficult world.  

777  
00:52:12,237 --> 00:52:15,896  
她是独一无二的熊  
She's just one special bear.