1 00:00:07,133 --> 00:00:09,200 -它们是终极掠食者 -They're the ultimate predators. 2 00:00:13,633 --> 00:00:16,266 拥有猎手最锐利的目光 The sharpest eyes of any hunter. 3 00:00:18,366 --> 00:00:21,300 能听见心跳的耳朵 Ears that can hear a heartbeat. 4 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:26,266 可嗅闻一英里外的鼻子 Noses that work a mile away. 5 00:00:30,400 --> 00:00:32,733 有猎物出没之处... Wherever there's prey... 6 00:00:32,733 --> 00:00:34,766 就有猛禽伺机而动 there's a raptor to hunt it. 7 00:00:40,833 --> 00:00:44,600 但它们远比我们想象的更为特别 But they're even more special than we realize. 8 00:00:47,633 --> 00:00:49,500 聪慧的流浪者 Intelligent castaways. 9 00:00:52,333 --> 00:00:54,366 长途跋涉的旅者 Long-distance travelers. 10 00:00:56,866 --> 00:00:58,600 足智多谋的父母 Resourceful parents. 11 00:01:00,100 --> 00:01:02,233 顽强的生存专家 And determined survivors. 12 00:01:05,100 --> 00:01:09,200 本系列将揭示猛禽成为 This series reveals what makes birds of prey 13 00:01:09,200 --> 00:01:12,866 地球上最成功猎手的奥秘 the most successful hunters on the planet. 14 00:02:06,333 --> 00:02:08,433 非洲丛林深处... The forests of Africa... 15 00:02:11,266 --> 00:02:14,800 ...栖息着近乎神话的生物 ...are home to an almost mythical creature. 16 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:25,500 它蛰伏于暗影之中 It waits in the shadows. 17 00:02:28,666 --> 00:02:30,433 鲜少现身 Rarely seen. 18 00:02:33,566 --> 00:02:35,500 但你知道它就在那里 But you know it's here. 19 00:02:45,433 --> 00:02:48,533 它的攻击随时可能降临... It can strike anytime... 20 00:02:50,833 --> 00:02:52,333 ...无处不在 ...anywhere. 21 00:02:58,233 --> 00:03:00,933 又是猴群骚动？ Another monkey? 22 00:03:00,933 --> 00:03:02,133 风声作祟？ The wind? 23 00:03:04,033 --> 00:03:06,500 抑或是你此生听到的最后声响？ Or the last sound you'll ever hear? 24 00:03:23,166 --> 00:03:25,700 与如此顶级的掠食者共存 How must it feel to live alongside 25 00:03:25,700 --> 00:03:27,700 会是怎样的体验？ such a supreme predator? 26 00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:36,500 非洲冕雕 African crowned eagles 27 00:03:36,500 --> 00:03:39,366 是猛禽中的力量王者 are the most powerful of all raptors. 28 00:03:44,633 --> 00:03:48,400 它们的祖先曾猎杀人类先祖 Their ancestors hunted our own. 29 00:03:57,366 --> 00:03:59,233 体重十磅... Weighing 10 pounds... 30 00:04:01,466 --> 00:04:05,733 ...翼展六英尺... ...flying on a 6-foot wingspan... 31 00:04:05,733 --> 00:04:08,366 主要捕食绿猴... she mostly hunts vervet monkeys... 32 00:04:16,633 --> 00:04:19,333 ...甚至能猎杀更大体型猎物 ...but can take even bigger prey. 33 00:04:36,866 --> 00:04:39,066 像这头羚羊般的猎物 A kill like this antelope 34 00:04:39,066 --> 00:04:43,233 体重可达近六十磅—— can weigh almost 60 pounds -- 35 00:04:43,233 --> 00:04:45,466 相当于其体重的六倍 six times her own weight. 36 00:04:57,333 --> 00:05:01,566 它的脚爪能碾碎骨头... Her feet and talons can crush bone... 37 00:05:01,566 --> 00:05:03,900 尺寸堪比人类拳头 and fit around a man's fist. 38 00:05:17,900 --> 00:05:22,200 猎物体型过大的唯一问题 The only problem with such heavy prey 39 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:23,866 是它无法负重飞行 is she can't fly with it. 40 00:05:31,833 --> 00:05:34,200 因此它也是解剖大师 So she's also a master butcher. 41 00:05:42,533 --> 00:05:43,933 它必须如此 She needs to be. 42 00:05:50,966 --> 00:05:52,400 它是位母亲 She's a mother. 43 00:05:58,366 --> 00:06:03,000 而将食物运回巢穴的唯一方式 And the only way to bring food to the nest 44 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:05,333 就是分块搬运 is piece by piece. 45 00:06:12,166 --> 00:06:16,233 捕猎大型猎物需要极高技巧 Catching large prey takes such skill 46 00:06:16,233 --> 00:06:19,100 幼雕需依赖父母照料 that this chick will depend on its parents 47 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:20,400 长达一年以上 for more than a year. 48 00:06:28,266 --> 00:06:31,833 堪称猛禽中最漫长的育雏周期 Among the longest breeding cycle of any raptor. 49 00:06:47,466 --> 00:06:52,333 巨型雕类令人敬畏交加 Giant eagles inspire both fear and wonder. 50 00:06:58,566 --> 00:07:02,933 但最高效的掠食者往往体型娇小 But the most prolific predators come in tiny packages. 51 00:07:16,866 --> 00:07:19,966 东南亚婆罗洲岛 The island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. 52 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:26,166 这里树木高达三百英尺... Where trees reach 300 feet... 53 00:07:26,166 --> 00:07:28,633 猩猩重达两百磅... and the apes weigh 200 pounds... 54 00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:37,366 ...黑腿小隼 ...the black-thighed falconet 55 00:07:37,366 --> 00:07:39,500 体型仅如易拉罐 is the size of a soda can. 56 00:07:43,966 --> 00:07:45,900 这带来了诸多问题 Which has its problems. 57 00:07:56,033 --> 00:07:59,900 它小到能被其他猛禽抓握 He's small enough to fit in the talons of other raptors. 58 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:07,400 远不止如此 And that's not all. 59 00:08:12,733 --> 00:08:15,066 这里几乎日日降雨 It rains here almost every day. 60 00:08:19,066 --> 00:08:21,666 暴雨倾盆时它无法飞行 So heavily, he can't fly in it. 61 00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:33,866 当获得狩猎机会时... When he does get a chance to hunt... 62 00:08:37,233 --> 00:08:39,200 ...必须把握每次出击 ...he needs to make it count. 63 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:55,133 它拥有猛禽中最高的命中率之一 Which he does with one of the highest hit rates of any raptor. 64 00:09:01,533 --> 00:09:04,300 它能捕猎其他鸟类 He can hunt other birds, 65 00:09:04,300 --> 00:09:08,100 但雨后昆虫随处可见 but after the rains, there are insects everywhere. 66 00:09:18,533 --> 00:09:22,766 被它锁定的目标几乎无处可逃 Once they're in his sights, he almost never misses. 67 00:09:49,033 --> 00:09:50,766 黑腿小隼 Black-thighed falconets 68 00:09:50,766 --> 00:09:54,966 虽是最小的猛禽之一 may be one of the smallest raptors, 69 00:09:54,966 --> 00:09:56,900 却拥有致命杀伤力 but they pack a killer punch. 70 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:10,500 猛禽形态千差万别 Birds of prey come in all shapes and sizes. 71 00:10:23,766 --> 00:10:26,666 各自进化出独特的捕猎专长 Each finely tuned to different targets. 72 00:10:37,700 --> 00:10:40,633 现存约500个不同物种... There are some 500 different species... 73 00:10:44,166 --> 00:10:46,466 ...遍布几乎所有栖息地 ...found in almost every habitat. 74 00:10:54,833 --> 00:10:58,966 它们的外形... The way they look... 75 00:10:58,966 --> 00:11:01,633 与生存方式... and the way they live... 76 00:11:03,566 --> 00:11:05,400 ...可能天差地别 ...can be radically different. 77 00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:14,433 但都具备三大特征 But they all share three common traits. 78 00:11:16,866 --> 00:11:19,366 钩状喙部... A hooked beak... 79 00:11:20,833 --> 00:11:22,600 ...肉食习性... ...a taste for flesh... 80 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:28,200 ...以及锋利的爪牙 ...and a set of razor-sharp talons. 81 00:11:35,233 --> 00:11:37,466 短爪用于穿刺 Short talons that stab. 82 00:11:43,066 --> 00:11:45,266 长爪利于擒拿 Long talons that snatch. 83 00:11:51,666 --> 00:11:53,700 还有弯曲的爪钩 Even curved talons. 84 00:11:57,833 --> 00:12:01,033 宛如满握的鱼钩 Literally a fistful of fishhooks. 85 00:12:09,833 --> 00:12:12,633 猛禽主宰着天空 Raptors rule the skies. 86 00:12:18,666 --> 00:12:21,733 但它们的故事还有另一面 But there's another side to their story. 87 00:12:34,033 --> 00:12:37,866 巅峰之位的生存充满竞争 Life at the top is full of competition. 88 00:12:47,933 --> 00:12:50,533 芬兰北部的严冬 Winter in Northern Finland 89 00:12:50,533 --> 00:12:53,633 气温可降至零下五十度 sees temperatures fall to 50 below. 90 00:13:05,166 --> 00:13:07,733 但对这只年轻的金雕而言... But for this young golden eagle... 91 00:13:09,566 --> 00:13:12,100 ...严寒只是最小的问题 ...cold is the least of her worries. 92 00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:21,166 她深陷对手包围 She's surrounded by rivals. 93 00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:39,333 狐狸这样的美餐值得以命相搏 A meal as big as a fox is worth fighting for. 94 00:13:43,900 --> 00:13:45,866 此刻她已负伤 Now she's wounded, 95 00:13:45,866 --> 00:13:48,500 情况即将急转直下 and it's about to get a whole lot worse. 96 00:13:59,966 --> 00:14:03,566 更多金雕正从四面八方涌来 More eagles are arriving from every direction. 97 00:14:31,733 --> 00:14:35,666 年轻的她只能旁观... The youngster can only watch... 98 00:14:35,666 --> 00:14:38,833 看着巨型成年雕掌控局面 as a huge adult takes control. 99 00:14:44,333 --> 00:14:49,100 她唯一的希望是与喜鹊争抢残渣 Her only hope is joining the magpies for the scraps. 100 00:14:57,700 --> 00:14:59,766 但即便是残渣也关乎 But even those make the difference 101 00:14:59,766 --> 00:15:02,666 生死存亡 between life and death. 102 00:15:10,733 --> 00:15:12,800 她竭力自卫 She puts up her best defense. 103 00:15:20,733 --> 00:15:22,566 仍力有不逮 It's just not enough. 104 00:15:29,500 --> 00:15:32,000 若要渡过难关... If she's going to pull through... 105 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,733 她必须另寻食物 she'll need to find food elsewhere. 106 00:15:39,333 --> 00:15:41,733 激烈的竞争意味着 Intense competition means 107 00:15:41,733 --> 00:15:44,366 仅有不到半数年轻金雕 fewer than half of young eagles 108 00:15:44,366 --> 00:15:46,566 能活到成年 survive their early years. 109 00:15:53,400 --> 00:15:57,566 其他猛禽并非唯一的威胁 And other raptors aren't the only threat. 110 00:16:03,466 --> 00:16:06,100 春日回暖时 Spring brings warmer weather 111 00:16:06,100 --> 00:16:08,466 正是育雏良机 and a chance to raise young. 112 00:16:13,666 --> 00:16:17,266 但在南达科他州恶地 But besting in the Badlands of South Dakota 113 00:16:17,266 --> 00:16:19,500 生存挑战尤为严峻 is as tough as it gets. 114 00:16:24,766 --> 00:16:28,600 这里没有树木为巢穴遮荫 There are no trees to shade the nest 115 00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:31,733 或阻挡饥饿的掠食者 or keep it safe from hungry predators. 116 00:16:37,066 --> 00:16:40,566 穴鸮选择向地下发展 So burrowing owls head below ground. 117 00:16:49,333 --> 00:16:51,966 有草原土拨鼠相助 With prairie dogs to help, 118 00:16:51,966 --> 00:16:54,766 何须自掘巢穴？ why dig when you can steal a burrow? 119 00:17:02,766 --> 00:17:04,600 这个洞穴正合适 This will do nicely. 120 00:17:06,266 --> 00:17:09,000 但在这荒野如何觅食？ But where do you find food out here? 121 00:17:15,266 --> 00:17:18,966 这时野牛和郊狼派上用场 That's where bison and coyotes come in handy. 122 00:17:23,766 --> 00:17:26,533 准确说是它们的粪便... More specifically, their dung... 123 00:17:29,466 --> 00:17:32,166 ...它将其运回巢穴... ...which he takes back to the nest... 124 00:17:39,633 --> 00:17:41,800 ...吸引昆虫聚集 ...where it attracts insects. 125 00:17:45,800 --> 00:17:49,233 温暖季节的稳定食物来源 A reliable food supply in the warmer months. 126 00:17:57,166 --> 00:17:59,366 目前进展顺利 So far, so good. 127 00:18:03,300 --> 00:18:06,000 所有努力为它赢得了配偶 And all his efforts have won him a mate. 128 00:18:17,833 --> 00:18:20,700 为给幼鸟最佳起点 To give their chicks the best start, 129 00:18:20,700 --> 00:18:22,866 它们尽量使繁殖期 they try to time their breeding 130 00:18:22,866 --> 00:18:26,266 与昆虫啮齿类数量高峰重合 to the highest numbers of insects and rodents. 131 00:18:31,466 --> 00:18:33,600 在这片恶地 Out here in the Badlands, 132 00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:35,000 所有生机 all that 133 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,200 都随暮春雨水而至 follows the late spring rains. 134 00:18:46,933 --> 00:18:49,900 草原很快焕发新生 The prairie soon fills with new life. 135 00:18:58,133 --> 00:19:01,166 新成员中包括... Among the arrivals... 136 00:19:01,166 --> 00:19:03,400 七只穴鸮幼雏 seven burrowing owlets. 137 00:19:10,266 --> 00:19:13,333 它的粪便策略成效显著 His dung trick is working well. 138 00:19:24,500 --> 00:19:27,033 但觅食充足只是其一 But finding enough food is one thing. 139 00:19:29,433 --> 00:19:32,800 躲避其他掠食者才是更大挑战 Avoiding other predators is a bigger problem. 140 00:19:41,300 --> 00:19:43,500 雌鸮发出警报... Mom raises the alarm... 141 00:19:45,133 --> 00:19:47,733 ...幼雏们迅速撤回地洞 ...sending the owlets back below ground. 142 00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:58,066 若被獾嗅到气息 幼雏将全军覆没 If it sniffs them out, the badger will eat them all. 143 00:20:08,633 --> 00:20:10,800 它们无计可施 There's nothing they can do. 144 00:20:14,466 --> 00:20:18,000 但獾径直走过未作停留 But the badger walks right on by. 145 00:20:25,900 --> 00:20:29,466 难道是粪便掩盖了它们的气味 Could it be that all the dung keeps them safe 146 00:20:29,466 --> 00:20:31,500 从而获得庇护？ by masking their own scent? 147 00:20:37,866 --> 00:20:41,000 又或是它们与草原犬鼠为邻 Or is this why they nest amongst prairie dogs, 148 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:42,966 依靠群体保障安全？ staying safe in numbers? 149 00:20:52,133 --> 00:20:55,200 在如此险境养育幼雏 Raising chicks somewhere this dangerous, 150 00:20:55,200 --> 00:20:58,233 多备几招总没错 it pays to have a few tricks up your sleeve. 151 00:21:08,566 --> 00:21:13,066 育雏季让所有猛禽濒临极限 Nesting season pushes all raptors to the limit. 152 00:21:20,366 --> 00:21:22,200 极端高温... Extreme heat... 153 00:21:28,266 --> 00:21:31,766 ...和暴雨都可能杀死脆弱幼鸟 ...and heavy rain can kill vulnerable chicks. 154 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:44,166 但所有猎手都依赖充足猎物... But all hunters rely on finding enough prey... 155 00:21:47,466 --> 00:21:50,000 ...因此时机决定一切 ...which makes timing everything. 156 00:21:54,566 --> 00:21:56,766 食物匮乏时 Too little food, 157 00:21:56,766 --> 00:21:59,333 雏鸟间会自相残杀 and some siblings will turn on each other. 158 00:22:06,066 --> 00:22:10,166 最强壮的幼鸟往往成为唯一幸存者 The most dominant chick is often the only survivor. 159 00:22:15,966 --> 00:22:18,433 故在丰饶时节 So in times of plenty, 160 00:22:18,433 --> 00:22:20,966 它们会尽力多养育后代 they raise as many as they can. 161 00:22:28,366 --> 00:22:31,133 亲鸟昼夜不息 Parents work around the clock 162 00:22:31,133 --> 00:22:35,166 确保每只雏鸟日食五餐 to deliver each chick as many as five meals a day. 163 00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:49,566 但当夏季终结... But as summer ends... 164 00:22:52,900 --> 00:22:56,433 ...年轻猛禽将面临最大考验 ...young birds now face their greatest challenge. 165 00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:07,333 凛冬将至 Winter is coming. 166 00:23:10,833 --> 00:23:15,266 若这只年轻雀鹰想活下去... If this young sparrowhawk hopes to survive... 167 00:23:18,566 --> 00:23:22,266 ...她需每日捕获五只小鸟 ...she'll need to catch up to five small birds a day. 168 00:23:25,900 --> 00:23:29,566 挪威这片林间空地是她的训练场 This clearing in Norway will be her training ground. 169 00:23:40,666 --> 00:23:45,766 关键在于等待猎物转身 The key is waiting for your target to turn its back. 170 00:23:50,500 --> 00:23:51,866 就是现在 Now. 171 00:24:09,266 --> 00:24:10,933 或许该再试一次 Perhaps another try. 172 00:24:14,700 --> 00:24:17,933 毕竟她来此就是为了学习 After all, she's here to learn. 173 00:24:21,166 --> 00:24:23,833 惊扰松鸦看似有趣 Spooking jays may look fun, 174 00:24:23,833 --> 00:24:26,200 实则是严肃的生存课 but this is serious business. 175 00:24:37,866 --> 00:24:41,300 捕猎飞鸟是最高难度的挑战 Catching other birds is as hard as it gets. 176 00:24:46,933 --> 00:24:49,666 尤其当所有鸟都对你避之不及 Especially when no one wants you around. 177 00:24:57,533 --> 00:24:59,200 寒冬来临前 Before winter, 178 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:03,233 她们需掌握时机判断... they need to master timing... 179 00:25:03,233 --> 00:25:06,333 ...预判能力... anticipation... 180 00:25:06,333 --> 00:25:08,400 与空中敏捷性 and aerial agility. 181 00:25:17,633 --> 00:25:20,266 perfected">完美掌握伏击技巧 Perfecting moves like the ambush. 182 00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:30,433 若伏击失败 And, failing that, 183 00:25:30,433 --> 00:25:32,400 便全力追击... the all-out pursuit... 184 00:25:41,366 --> 00:25:46,633 ...她很快会明白这种战术仅适短程 ...which she'll soon learn only works in short bursts. 185 00:25:54,266 --> 00:25:57,733 成年雀鹰成功率也仅十分之一 Even adults only catch one in every ten. 186 00:26:05,500 --> 00:26:08,033 但随着冬季临近 But with winter on its way, 187 00:26:08,033 --> 00:26:10,166 还有另一选择 there is another option. 188 00:26:14,266 --> 00:26:16,333 迁徙他方 To move on. 189 00:26:22,900 --> 00:26:24,800 一只阿穆尔隼 An Amur falcon. 190 00:26:26,900 --> 00:26:31,300 在印度东北部那加兰邦的偏远山谷 In the remote valleys of Nagaland, Northeast India. 191 00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:39,566 她并非独行客 She's not alone. 192 00:26:56,300 --> 00:26:57,766 为逃离西伯利亚繁殖地 Escaping the harsh winter 193 00:26:57,766 --> 00:26:59,866 两千英里外的严冬 of their Siberian breeding grounds 194 00:26:59,866 --> 00:27:03,100 2,000 miles away, 195 00:27:03,100 --> 00:27:07,266 族群大多聚集于此 most of the population descends on these valleys. 196 00:27:13,400 --> 00:27:17,233 地球上仍存有一些天堂 There are still some paradises left on Earth. 197 00:27:31,833 --> 00:27:34,566 数十万只隼鹰... Hundreds of thousands of falcons... 198 00:27:39,133 --> 00:27:42,533 ...长途跋涉后亟待休整 ...looking to touch down after a long journey. 199 00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:53,666 它们精准计算抵达时间 They time their arrival 200 00:27:53,666 --> 00:27:57,466 以享用季节性爆发的飞蚁 to a seasonal bounty of winged termites. 201 00:28:06,833 --> 00:28:08,900 没有时间休憩 There's no time to rest. 202 00:28:17,533 --> 00:28:20,766 盛宴持续两周 The feast lasts for two weeks. 203 00:28:26,566 --> 00:28:28,700 在此期间 In that time, the falcons 204 00:28:28,700 --> 00:28:31,233 隼群需增重近倍 need to almost double their weight. 205 00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:40,933 若未能达标... Fail to do that... 206 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:47,933 ...可能无法完成后续旅程 ...and they may not survive the journey ahead. 207 00:28:53,100 --> 00:28:56,900 那加兰邦只是中转站 Their time in Nagaland is only a pit stop. 208 00:29:04,500 --> 00:29:08,200 它们正奔赴非洲南部 They're on their way to Southern Africa. 209 00:29:08,200 --> 00:29:11,633 从此处启程 有些将昼夜不停 From here, some will fly day and night 210 00:29:11,633 --> 00:29:13,633 持续近一周 for almost a week 211 00:29:13,633 --> 00:29:15,333 才会再次着陆 before touching down again. 212 00:29:22,333 --> 00:29:26,533 它们每年迁徙跨越14国... Their annual migration covers 14 countries... 213 00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:32,833 ...两大洲... ...two continents... 214 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:36,800 ...及整片海洋 ...and an entire ocean. 215 00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:48,833 阿穆尔隼年迁徙里程约两万英里 Amur falcons can travel some 20,000 miles each year. 216 00:29:58,333 --> 00:30:01,500 但这壮景曾濒临消失 But this spectacle was almost lost. 217 00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:10,066 当地猎人不自知时 Unaware of their impact, local hunters caught 218 00:30:10,066 --> 00:30:13,633 曾每年捕获其种群10% as much as 10% of the population each year. 219 00:30:20,966 --> 00:30:25,133 经卓绝的公众意识行动 But an extraordinary awareness campaign 220 00:30:25,133 --> 00:30:27,933 及禁猎令实施 and a ban on hunting 221 00:30:27,933 --> 00:30:31,000 阿穆尔隼数量得以回升 has seen Amur falcons bounce back. 222 00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:42,700 如今它们已开始拓展新山谷 So much so, they're now filling up new valleys. 223 00:30:53,366 --> 00:30:56,300 这片芦苇丛是新栖息地 This reed bed is a new roost. 224 00:31:04,533 --> 00:31:06,300 激烈竞争... Intense competition... 225 00:31:08,366 --> 00:31:10,066 ...养育后代... ...raising young... 226 00:31:11,700 --> 00:31:15,333 ...应对极端季节 ...and surviving seasonal extremes, 227 00:31:15,333 --> 00:31:18,100 猛禽总能战胜挑战 raptors rise to any challenge. 228 00:31:33,033 --> 00:31:35,466 而成功背后 And behind their success 229 00:31:35,466 --> 00:31:39,266 是超乎想象的天赋 lie powers beyond our wildest dreams. 230 00:31:48,766 --> 00:31:54,366 茂密植被与有限飞行路线 Thick cover and few flight lines 231 00:31:54,366 --> 00:31:56,000 令丛林狩猎 make hunting in the woods 232 00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,200 看似绝无可能... seem almost impossible... 233 00:32:08,466 --> 00:32:10,633 除非你是苍鹰 For all but the goshawk. 234 00:32:16,333 --> 00:32:20,133 以时速超30英里飞行... Flying over 30 miles an hour... 235 00:32:20,133 --> 00:32:22,266 她是丛林霸主... she rules the woods... 236 00:32:30,833 --> 00:32:33,433 ...能在狭缝中灵活穿行... ...contorting to tiny gaps... 237 00:32:43,066 --> 00:32:45,133 ...急转弯幅度之猛 ...and pulling turns tight enough 238 00:32:45,133 --> 00:32:47,966 连战机飞行员都会眩晕 to give a fighter pilot motion sickness. 239 00:33:01,233 --> 00:33:04,366 她还是预判大师... She's also a master of anticipation... 240 00:33:11,666 --> 00:33:14,566 ...洞悉猎物动向... ...reading her target's movement... 241 00:33:19,033 --> 00:33:20,900 ...谋划攻击路线 ...and planning her attack. 242 00:33:38,633 --> 00:33:40,566 仿佛振翅之初 It's as if she already knew 243 00:33:40,566 --> 00:33:42,766 便已锁定 where she'd strike 244 00:33:42,766 --> 00:33:44,866 致命一击的方位 the moment she took off. 245 00:33:55,466 --> 00:33:59,533 无与伦比的敏捷让她统治错综丛林 Unrivalled agility sees her dominate the tangled woods. 246 00:34:04,333 --> 00:34:07,900 但场景转换 规则也随之改变 But change the setting, and you change the game. 247 00:34:18,266 --> 00:34:20,566 北极高地的开阔地形... The open terrain of the high Arctic... 248 00:34:22,200 --> 00:34:25,000 ...考验速度与耐力 ...tests speed and endurance. 249 00:34:34,133 --> 00:34:37,900 矛隼是平飞速度最快的猛禽 Gyrfalcons are the fastest raptor in level flight. 250 00:34:43,733 --> 00:34:46,633 时速近70英里 Hitting almost 70 miles an hour. 251 00:34:50,433 --> 00:34:52,266 强健的飞行肌 Huge flight muscles. 252 00:34:54,600 --> 00:34:56,633 刚硬的长飞羽 Long, stiff feathers. 253 00:34:59,600 --> 00:35:02,500 可保持高速持续数英里 She can keep this up for miles. 254 00:35:11,566 --> 00:35:14,233 猛禽各有独门绝技 There's a raptor for just about everything. 255 00:35:16,400 --> 00:35:19,500 甚至能猎杀隐形目标 Even for prey you can't see. 256 00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,900 远北的寒带森林... The boreal forest of the far north... 257 00:35:31,866 --> 00:35:35,533 ...全年大半时间被积雪覆盖 ...where snow covers the ground for most of the year. 258 00:35:38,100 --> 00:35:40,066 鲜有生物能在此生存 Few can survive here. 259 00:35:44,533 --> 00:35:48,500 但有一种猛禽主宰着这片寂静荒原 But one raptor rules this silent wilderness. 260 00:35:50,400 --> 00:35:52,333 乌林鸮 The great gray owl. 261 00:36:00,466 --> 00:36:02,433 她极少现身 She's rarely seen. 262 00:36:19,933 --> 00:36:24,166 她永无止息地游猎觅食 She wanders endlessly in search of prey. 263 00:36:36,533 --> 00:36:39,500 猎物就在... It's here... 264 00:36:39,500 --> 00:36:42,133 这片纯白世界的某处 somewhere in this white, blank world. 265 00:36:45,433 --> 00:36:47,200 但她如何定位？ But how does she find it? 266 00:36:54,833 --> 00:36:58,866 奥秘在于其巨大的面盘 The secret is in her enormous facial disc. 267 00:37:02,733 --> 00:37:05,233 猫头鹰中最大的耳廓 The largest of any owl. 268 00:37:06,833 --> 00:37:09,900 如同雷达般收集声波 It channels sounds like a radar dish. 269 00:37:13,300 --> 00:37:15,833 双耳位置高低错落... With one ear higher than the other... 270 00:37:17,466 --> 00:37:20,366 ...能精准定位声源 ...she can pinpoint noise, 271 00:37:20,366 --> 00:37:22,666 不仅左右方向... not just left to right... 272 00:37:22,666 --> 00:37:25,166 还包括上下维度 but also up and down. 273 00:37:43,666 --> 00:37:46,966 一只田鼠 A vole. 274 00:37:46,966 --> 00:37:49,100 据信她能听见 It's thought she can hear its heartbeat 275 00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:50,966 积雪一英尺下的心跳 beneath a foot of snow. 276 00:37:59,766 --> 00:38:01,866 羽毛的特殊结构 Special structures on her feathers 277 00:38:01,866 --> 00:38:04,466 能破风降噪 cut the air to minimize noise. 278 00:38:10,666 --> 00:38:13,200 猎物听不见她的动静 Her prey can't hear her. 279 00:38:14,633 --> 00:38:18,133 她能专注锁定致命落点 And she can focus on exactly where to strike. 280 00:38:29,100 --> 00:38:32,200 至少目标至死不明就里 At least her targets never know what's coming. 281 00:38:37,366 --> 00:38:42,933 超凡听觉助她昼夜猎食 Incredible hearing helps her hunt day or night 282 00:38:42,933 --> 00:38:45,666 贯穿漫长严冬 all through the long winter months. 283 00:38:56,100 --> 00:38:59,433 多数猛禽依赖另一种超感 Most raptors use a different super sense. 284 00:39:11,133 --> 00:39:14,166 翱翔在北半球 Soaring over open terrain 285 00:39:14,166 --> 00:39:18,200 开阔地带上空 across the Northern Hemisphere, 286 00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:19,833 金雕仰仗着 golden eagles rely on 287 00:39:19,833 --> 00:39:22,933 脊椎动物中最锐利的视觉 the sharpest vision of any vertebrate. 288 00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:33,166 双眼尺寸与人类相仿 With eyes the size of our own, 289 00:39:33,166 --> 00:39:38,333 但视觉细胞密度高出五倍 but with some five times the density of visual cells, 290 00:39:38,333 --> 00:39:41,566 我们只能想象它眼中的世界 we can only imagine how she sees the world. 291 00:39:49,766 --> 00:39:53,866 纤毫毕现... Every detail clearer... 292 00:39:53,866 --> 00:39:55,166 锐不可当 sharper. 293 00:40:04,100 --> 00:40:08,300 两英里外的野兔都难逃法眼 It's likely she can see a rabbit over two miles away. 294 00:40:16,200 --> 00:40:18,066 无处遁形 There's nowhere to hide. 295 00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:37,266 俯冲时速超150英里 In full stoop, she hits over 150 miles an hour. 296 00:40:48,566 --> 00:40:52,200 若冲击未能致命 If the impact doesn't finish the job, 297 00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:53,600 山崖将补刀 the mountain will. 298 00:41:02,200 --> 00:41:05,033 鹰眼令她在高山之巅 Eagle eyes give her the upper hand 299 00:41:05,033 --> 00:41:07,100 占尽先机 in the high mountain peaks. 300 00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:18,900 若猎物既不可闻亦不可见？ But what if you can't hear or see your prey? 301 00:41:27,966 --> 00:41:30,800 若是...腐尸又如何？ What if it's...already dead? 302 00:41:34,233 --> 00:41:36,033 亦有专精此道的猛禽 There's a raptor for that, too. 303 00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:44,100 红头美洲鹫 The turkey vulture. 304 00:41:51,766 --> 00:41:56,600 每日搜寻200英里觅食 She can cover 200 miles a day searching for food. 305 00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:06,400 运用鲜为人知的技巧 And using a little-known trick to find it. 306 00:42:13,600 --> 00:42:15,800 可嗅到一英里外... She can smell dinner... 307 00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:21,366 ...的腐宴 ...from over a mile away. 308 00:42:25,933 --> 00:42:28,500 鸟类中罕见的才能 A rare talent among birds. 309 00:42:32,933 --> 00:42:36,266 人类方才开始理解 One we're just beginning to understand. 310 00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:45,400 远非其醒目的开孔鼻孔所能解释 And it takes more than her distinctive, open nostrils. 311 00:42:50,200 --> 00:42:53,666 嗅觉细胞数量 She has twice as many scent-detecting cells 312 00:42:53,666 --> 00:42:55,233 是其他秃鹫的两倍 than other vultures. 313 00:43:00,066 --> 00:43:03,900 处理气味的大脑区域 And the part of her brain that processes smell 314 00:43:03,900 --> 00:43:06,233 更是四倍于同类 is four times bigger. 315 00:43:17,300 --> 00:43:22,366 视线之外仍在感知之中 So out of sight is far from out of mind. 316 00:43:39,900 --> 00:43:43,866 这独特超感使红头美洲鹫 This unique super sense makes turkey vultures 317 00:43:43,866 --> 00:43:47,733 成为最繁盛广布的鹫类 the most abundant and widespread of all vultures. 318 00:43:50,866 --> 00:43:54,566 还提供特殊生态服务 It also provides a special service. 319 00:43:54,566 --> 00:43:55,966 食用腐肉阻止了 Eating carcasses stops 320 00:43:55,966 --> 00:43:58,866 病原体与细菌滋生 a build-up of pathogens and bacteria, 321 00:43:58,866 --> 00:44:01,100 维护生态系统清洁 keeping ecosystems clean. 322 00:44:13,700 --> 00:44:17,366 猛禽的重要性超乎认知 Raptors are more important than we realize. 323 00:44:22,066 --> 00:44:24,433 多为顶级掠食者... Most are apex predators... 324 00:44:28,000 --> 00:44:32,233 ...精准适应各类栖息地与猎物 ...fine-tuned to almost every habitat and type of prey. 325 00:44:42,733 --> 00:44:45,066 据估算 单单一对仓鸮 It's thought that, in a single year, 326 00:44:45,066 --> 00:44:47,133 一年之内 one barn-owl family 327 00:44:47,133 --> 00:44:50,133 可捕食超7000只啮齿动物 can catch over 7,000 rodents. 328 00:44:58,866 --> 00:45:03,966 每次猎杀都在控制种群数量 Each strike helping to keep their populations under control. 329 00:45:12,500 --> 00:45:14,366 人类需要猛禽 We need raptors. 330 00:45:22,400 --> 00:45:25,033 但要更好理解与保护它们... But to better understand and protect them... 331 00:45:29,900 --> 00:45:32,733 ...一个关键问题尚待解答 ...one key question remains. 332 00:45:39,833 --> 00:45:43,400 究竟何为猛禽？ What exactly counts as a bird of prey? 333 00:45:51,300 --> 00:45:53,733 直到近年 顶尖科学家们 Only recently have top scientists 334 00:45:53,733 --> 00:45:56,233 才达成统一定义... agreed on a single definition... 335 00:46:01,366 --> 00:46:04,633 ...追溯其演化历程 ...looking back into their evolutionary history. 336 00:46:11,100 --> 00:46:16,433 原来它们拥有共同祖先 And it turns out they all share common ancestry, 337 00:46:16,433 --> 00:46:20,166 源自古老食肉鸟类 descending from an ancient group of meat-eating birds. 338 00:46:25,866 --> 00:46:28,500 只要仍以脊椎动物为食... So long as you still eat other vertebrates... 339 00:46:30,833 --> 00:46:33,333 ...即为猛禽 ...that makes you a bird of prey. 340 00:46:45,833 --> 00:46:48,366 定义简洁明了 It's a neat definition, 341 00:46:48,366 --> 00:46:50,966 却引出惊人转折... but it comes with a surprising twist... 342 00:47:04,566 --> 00:47:08,166 ...为猛禽家族迎来新成员 ...welcoming a whole new member to the flock. 343 00:47:18,533 --> 00:47:22,233 南美热带草原上 South America's tropical grasslands 344 00:47:22,233 --> 00:47:25,933 曾游荡着三米高的恐怖鸟 were once stalked by 10-foot-tall terror birds. 345 00:47:30,133 --> 00:47:33,100 红腿叫鹤 Red-legged seriemas 346 00:47:33,100 --> 00:47:35,466 是其最近后裔 are their closest descendants. 347 00:47:44,233 --> 00:47:47,466 育雏高峰季 And the height of nesting season 348 00:47:47,466 --> 00:47:49,700 是它们最致命的时期 sees them at their most deadly. 349 00:47:59,366 --> 00:48:01,300 至少本该如此 Or at least it should. 350 00:48:07,066 --> 00:48:10,166 或许该锁定更慢的目标 Perhaps he should focus on a slower target. 351 00:48:28,166 --> 00:48:33,066 一次失误可能致命 One wrong move could be his last. 352 00:48:48,166 --> 00:48:51,066 展翅扰乱蛇的方位感... Spreading his wings disorients the snake... 353 00:48:53,900 --> 00:48:56,266 ...助其跃离险境 ...and helps him jump clear of danger. 354 00:49:04,966 --> 00:49:06,800 首击命中 He lands a first blow. 355 00:49:11,000 --> 00:49:13,700 但蛇在殊死反抗 But the snake is fighting for its life. 356 00:49:22,566 --> 00:49:26,133 育雏关头 此战太过冒险 With chicks to raise, this is just too risky. 357 00:49:32,900 --> 00:49:36,900 毕竟还有其他选择 After all, there are other options. 358 00:49:52,066 --> 00:49:54,866 独特的猎物制服方式 It's a unique way of neutralizing prey. 359 00:50:02,933 --> 00:50:05,466 迥异于其他猛禽 Quite unlike any other raptor. 360 00:50:16,133 --> 00:50:20,166 但对反咬的晚餐极为有效 But it's very effective on dinner that bites back. 361 00:50:25,566 --> 00:50:29,066 方式虽异 但毋庸置疑... They may do it differently, but make no mistake... 362 00:50:34,066 --> 00:50:37,700 ...叫鹤是冷血杀手... ...seriemas are stone-cold killers... 363 00:50:45,766 --> 00:50:49,766 ...与其他猛禽同样致命 ...every bit as deadly as any other bird of prey. 364 00:51:08,000 --> 00:51:10,633 猛禽是终极掠食者 Raptors are the ultimate predators. 365 00:51:16,633 --> 00:51:18,633 羽翼战斗机... Feathered top guns... 366 00:51:18,633 --> 00:51:21,033 ...利爪如刃... with fists full of daggers... 367 00:51:23,466 --> 00:51:25,566 ...感官超凡 ...and supreme senses. 368 00:51:27,633 --> 00:51:29,633 但这仅是半部传奇 But that's half their story. 369 00:51:35,200 --> 00:51:38,400 下期将探索极端生存... Next time, we discover extreme lives... 370 00:51:41,500 --> 00:51:43,733 ...至险之境... ...the most hostile places... 371 00:51:47,233 --> 00:51:49,100 ...与至难猎物... ...and the toughest prey... 372 00:51:52,433 --> 00:51:55,800 ...揭示草原专家的生存挣扎... ...revealing the struggles of savanna specialists... 373 00:52:00,600 --> 00:52:04,266 ...离群孤岛的智慧与社会生活... ...intelligence, and social life of island castaways... 374 00:52:08,966 --> 00:52:11,033 ...捉迷藏大师... ...masters of hide-and-seek... 375 00:52:14,833 --> 00:52:17,033 ...与史诗奇观 ...and epic spectacle. 376 00:52:25,566 --> 00:52:28,366 变幻世界中 And in a changing world, 377 00:52:28,366 --> 00:52:32,300 猛禽将何去何从？ what does the future hold for raptors? 378 00:52:35,733 --> 00:52:39,766 猎手生涯充满挑战 A hunter's life is full of challenges. 379 00:52:39,766 --> 00:52:42,566 但凭借利刃般的爪牙 But armed with a fistful of daggers, 380 00:52:42,566 --> 00:52:44,933 猛禽已登顶食物链 raptors have risen to the top. 381 00:52:46,500 --> 00:52:48,900 但它们还有另一面 But there's another side to their story. 382 00:52:50,200 --> 00:52:54,866 是智谋双亲 亦是生存专家 They're resourceful parents and determined survivors. 383 00:52:54,866 --> 00:52:56,733 在剧变世界里 And in a changing world, 384 00:52:56,733 --> 00:52:59,700 猛禽将何去何从？ what does the future hold for raptors? 385 00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:44,933 -欲了解更多 -To learn more about what you've seen 386 00:53:44,933 --> 00:53:46,433 本期《自然》内容 on this "Nature" program, 387 00:53:46,433 --> 00:53:48,633 请访问pbs.org visit pbs.org.