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与PBS儿童频道一起帮助孩子学习和成长。
Help kids learn and grow with PBS Kids.
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感谢您支持PBS电视台。
Thank you for supporting your PBS station.
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我爱大杓鹬。
I love Eastern curlews.
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它们庄严而高贵。
They're majestic. They're stately.
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它们是强大的飞行者。
They are powerful fliers.
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它们有着明确的目标。
They have a purpose.
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当一群塍鹬飞向天空时，
The way a group of godwits looks
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它们协同飞行的方式……
when it takes to the air, the way they move together...
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随风而动，为风赋予了具象的形态。
move with the wind, give this embodied shape to the wind.
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这令人惊叹。
It is remarkable.
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滨鸟是地球上最全球化的居民，
Shorebirds are Earth's most global citizens,
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每年从世界的一端迁徙到另一端。
crossing from one end of the world to the other each year.
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然而在它们下方，曾经熟悉的景观
Yet below them, once familiar landscapes
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正被开发、干旱和上升的海水所取代。
are giving way to development, drought, and rising seas.
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科学家们正全力绘制它们史诗般的旅程地图，
Scientists are doing their best to map their epic journeys
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以及它们面临的危险，
and the dangers they face
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追随这些英勇鸟类的飞行轨迹。
as they follow the flights of these heroic birds.
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我希望几周后能在世界的另一端
I hope I might even catch up with her
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与她重逢。
in a couple of weeks in a very different part of the world.
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祝她一切顺利。
I wish her the best.
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她还有很长的路要走。
She's got a really long way to go.
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在世界各地的海滩和潮间泥滩上，
On beaches and tidal mudflats all around the world,
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你会看到成千上万的它们……
you'll see them in their thousands...
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……滨鸟。
...shorebirds.
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地球上共有200多种滨鸟……
There are more than 200 species on the planet...
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……在潮线间丰富的生物中觅食。
...feeding on the teeming life between the tidelines.
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然后，某一天，
Then, from one day to the next,
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它们会突然踏上非凡的旅程。
they'll be gone on an extraordinary journey.
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它们正飞往繁殖地，
They're heading for their breeding grounds,
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距离可达9000英里，
up to 9,000 miles away,
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沿着环绕地球的古老迁徙路线飞行。
following ancestral flyways that wrap around the globe.
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滨鸟，比如这只西滨鹬，
Shorebirds, like this little Western sandpiper,
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是顶级的耐力运动员。
are supreme endurance athletes.
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它们可以日夜不停地飞行数天……
They can fly for days and nights without landing...
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飞越城市……
over cities...
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沙漠……
and deserts...
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和无边的海洋。
and trackless oceans.
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北极的沼泽和苔原。
The bogs and tundra of the Arctic north.
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在这里，在无尽的夏日白昼中，
Here, in the endless summer daylight,
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它们的雏鸟可以以成群的昆虫为食。
their chicks can feed on clouds of insects.
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只需几周，它们就能增重，
And in just a few weeks, they'll gain the weight
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跟随父母再次南飞。
to follow their parents south again.
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但它们翼下的世界正在改变。
But the world beneath their wings is changing.
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滨鸟是地球上最受威胁的鸟类之一。
Shorebirds are among the most threatened birds on the planet.
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我们将跟随其中三位冒险者飞行，
We're going to fly with three of these adventurers
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分享那些追踪它们迁徙的人们的喜悦与焦虑，
and share the elation and the anxiety
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他们来自三个不同的大陆。
of the men and women who track their migrations
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from three separate continents.
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从南美洲的最南端……
From the far south of South America...
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从西非的沙漠海滩……
from the desert beaches of West Africa...
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以及澳大利亚的摩顿湾……
and from Australia, in a place called Moreton Bay...
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看到那只飞着的大杓鹬了吗？
See that curlew up there flying?
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看到了！
Yeah!
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……这片约500平方英里的泥滩和沙洲
...around 500 square miles of mudflats and sandbanks
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位于澳大利亚东海岸。
on Australia's east coast.
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每年三月，生物学家理查德·富勒
Every March, biologist Richard Fuller
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和他的同事米莎·杰克逊都会来到这里，
and his colleague Micha Jackson come here
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观察滨鸟为北迁增肥的过程。
to watch the shorebirds fatten up for their journey north.
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那里大概有几百只鸟。
Couple of hundred birds there, I think.
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旁白：理查德特别关注的——
NARRATOR Richard's special interest--
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世界上最大的迁徙滨鸟——
the largest migratory shorebird in the world--
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大杓鹬。
the Far Eastern curlew.
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我爱大杓鹬。
I love Eastern curlews.
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它们庄严。
They're majestic.
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它们高贵。
They're stately.
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它们是强大的飞行者。
They are powerful fliers.
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它们有目标。
They have a purpose.
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它们在执行任务。
They're on a mission.
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尽管它们是棕色的鸟，
And although they're a brown bird,
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但它们羽毛的精细纹理
but the intricacy of their plumage
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和图案既迷人又美丽。
and the patterning on them is just fascinating and beautiful.
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这些壮丽的鸟类飞行超过7000英里
These magnificent birds fly more than 7,000 miles
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往返于北亚的繁殖地。
to their breeding grounds in north Asia and back again.
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在大杓鹬20年的生命周期中，
Over the course of its 20-year lifespan,
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一只大杓鹬飞行的总距离
an Eastern curlew travels the distance
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相当于从地球到月球。
from the Earth to the Moon.
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为了完成这些惊人的飞行，它需要燃料。
To make these prodigious flights, it must have fuel.
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它需要增加高达体重一半的脂肪。
It needs to gain up to half its bodyweight in fat.
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大杓鹬的食物几乎完全由
A curlew's diet is comprised
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甲壳类动物组成。
almost completely of crustaceans.
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但它们对螃蟹情有独钟。
But they have a particular predilection for crabs.
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它们爱吃螃蟹。
They love crabs.
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大杓鹬会将喙探入地下，
The curlew will probe into the ground,
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常常深入20厘米，抓住一只螃蟹，
you know, often 20 centimeters down, grab a crab,
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成功时，你会看到它猛地将喙抽出泥沙，
and when it's successful, you'll see a curlew rip its bill
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然后用喙摆弄螃蟹，
out of the sediment, and it will be
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有时还会抛向空中，
kind of manipulating the crab in its bill,
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调整到合适的位置，
sometimes tossing it up into the air,
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然后一口吞下。
to get it in the right position,
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and then it goes in, in one gulp.
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但大杓鹬在摩顿湾的觅食地
But the curlew's feeding grounds
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正在缩小。
in Moreton Bay are shrinking.
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人类侵占已持续数十年。
Human encroachment has been going on for decades.
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大杓鹬很可能在未来几十年内
There's every chance the Eastern curlew
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走向灭绝，
could be extinct within a few decades,
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这个想法令人恐惧。
and that's a terrifying thought.
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旁白：在地球的另一端，
NARRATOR On the other side of the world,
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撒哈拉沙漠与大西洋交汇的地方，
where the Sahara meets the Atlantic,
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饥饿的鸟群在沙滩上
huge flocks of hungry birds are jostling
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争抢位置。
for a spot on the beach.
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在泥滩中忙碌低头觅食的
Busy and beak-down in the mud
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是我们的西非迁徙者——红腹滨鹬。
is our West African migrant-- the red knot.
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它们真漂亮！
They are so pretty!
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旁白：这些勇敢的小鸟
NARRATOR These plucky little birds
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必须在几周内将体重增加一倍，
must double their weight in just a few weeks
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以完成从毛里塔尼亚到西伯利亚
to power their 6,000-mile migration
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6000英里的迁徙，并在那里繁殖。
from Mauritania to Siberia, where they breed.
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但红腹滨鹬也在挣扎。
But red knots, too, are struggling.
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1980年代我们有50万只红腹滨鹬，
We had a half a million red knots in the 1980s,
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如今只剩10万只。
and nowadays it's only 100,000.
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40年间减少了80%。
So a loss of 80% in just 40 years.
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旁白：荷兰生态学家扬·范希尔斯
NARRATOR Dutch ecologist Jan van Gils
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研究红腹滨鹬已有30年。
has been studying the red knot for 30 years.
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不仅是红腹滨鹬的数量
It's not just the red knot population
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在减少。
that's declining.
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个体鸟类也在变小。
The individual birds are shrinking, too.
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喙变短了，
The bill is getting shorter,
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翅膀变短了，
the wing is getting shorter,
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腿也变短了。
the legs are getting shorter.
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你可能会说：“谁在乎呢？
And you can say, "Well, who cares?
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不就是红腹滨鹬变小了吗？”
Smaller red knots?"
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但重要的是，如果你作为一只
But what is important, if you come here
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较小的红腹滨鹬来到毛里塔尼亚，
as a smaller red knot in Mauritania,
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你会面临大问题。
you have a big problem.
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旁白：扬和他在努瓦克肖特大学的
NARRATOR Jan and his colleagues
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同事们
from the University of Nouakchott
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采集了鸟类觅食的泥滩样本。
take samples of the mud the bird feeds in.
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哦，看！
Oh, yeah! Oh!
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就是这个。
Look at that.
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这是红腹滨鹬
So, this is the food
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非常喜欢的食物。
that the red knots really, really like.
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它们会整个吞下这些双壳类动物，
They ingest these bivalves whole,
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然后在胃里将其碾碎。
and they crush these bivalves in their stomach.
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所以它们的胃非常强壮。
So, they have a very strong stomach.
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它们需要优质食物。
They need good food.
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需要这样的双壳类动物才能支撑它们
They need the bivalves like this in order to make it
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飞到西伯利亚北部。
to Northern Siberia.
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但这些鸟正在变小，
But these birds are becoming smaller,
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可能这些双壳类动物埋得太深，
so maybe all these bivalves are actually way too deep
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红腹滨鹬无法触及。
for the knots to reach.
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旁白：那它们现在吃什么？
NARRATOR So what are they eating instead?
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今早这些鸟在这里栖息，
The birds were roosting here this morning
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我们能看到它们栖息的痕迹和足迹。
and we see signs of where they were roosting, we see tracks.
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就在这里。
Here it is.
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红腹滨鹬的粪便提供了证据。
The red knots' droppings provide the evidence.
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正常的红腹滨鹬粪便会充满贝壳碎片。
A normal knot dropping is full of fragments of shellfish.
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它们已经改变了饮食，
They have switched diets
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从最爱的双壳类转向了海草。
from their favorite bivalves to sea grass.
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所以，这某种程度上是个悲伤的故事，
So, it is, in a way, a very sad story
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因为这说明它们正以低质量的食物
because this shows they are fueling up for Siberia
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为飞往西伯利亚做准备。
on very poor-quality food.
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在智利漫长的海岸线上，
In Chiloé Island, more than halfway down
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奇洛埃岛位于中南部，
the long coast of Chile,
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我们的南美洲旅行者在风中起舞。
our South American voyager dances on the wind.
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当一群塍鹬飞向天空时，
The way a group of godwits looks
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它们的样子，
when it takes to the air,
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它们协同飞行的方式……
the way they move together...
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随风而动，为风赋予了具象的形态。
move with the wind, give this embodied shape to the wind.
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这令人惊叹。
It is remarkable.
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旁白：作为长距离飞行健将，
NARRATOR As long-distance athletes,
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哈德逊塍鹬的表现几乎胜过所有其他滨鸟。
Hudsonian godwits outperform almost every other shorebird.
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每年它们从智利飞往阿拉斯加，飞行9000英里。
Each year they fly 9,000 miles, from Chile to Alaska.
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大多数只停留一两次补充能量。
Most make just one or two refueling stops.
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但它们的选择正逐年减少。
But their options are narrowing by the year.
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詹妮弗·林斯科特加入了一个国际科学家网络，
Jennifer Linscott has joined an international network
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研究哈德逊塍鹬的迁徙。
of scientists studying the migration of Hudsonian godwits.
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我们真的不知道
We really don't know
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这些栖息地还有多少，
how many of those sites exist,
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也不知道它们如何随时间变化。
and we don't know how they are changing over time.
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我们知道现在的景观
We know that it's now a landscape
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已经完全被农业改造。
that's been completely re-engineered for agriculture.
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塍鹬和许多其他迁徙滨鸟一样，
Godwits, like many other migratory shorebirds,
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数量正在减少。
are in decline.
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00:11:18,160 --> 00:11:20,360
我们认为这与迁徙途中
And we think that that likely has a lot to do
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发生的变化有很大关系。
with what's happening during migration.
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旁白：科学家们一致认为，
NARRATOR The best way to get answers,
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00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:34,360
最好的方法
the scientists all agree,
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是为个体鸟类安装GPS追踪器。
is to attach GPS trackers to individual birds.
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追踪是保护工作的核心。
Tracking goes to the heart of what conservation is.
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通过绘制地图，你可以描述物种的迁徙路线，
You can describe the migration of the species by mapping it,
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了解它们途经的地点，
by understanding the places it visits
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关键是了解
and crucially by understanding
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它们在迁徙路线上面临的威胁。
what threats they're facing along the flyway.
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但要在鸟类身上安装追踪器，
But to attach a tracker on a bird,
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00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:03,680
首先得抓住它。
first, you have to catch it.
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在澳大利亚……
In Australia...
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00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:13,720
……在南美洲……
...in South America...
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和西非，网已布下。
and in West Africa, the nets are being set.
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00:12:19,040 --> 00:12:20,960
扬希望捕捉一些红腹滨鹬，
Jan is hoping to catch some red knots
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当它们夜间飞来栖息时。
as they fly in to roost at night.
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哦，太好了。
Oh, this is great.
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有鸟飞进捕捉区了。
There's birds coming in to the catching area.
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但理查德和他的团队必须等待大杓鹬
But Richard and his team must wait for the curlews
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聚集在准确的位置。
to gather in precisely the right spot.
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大杓鹬
Eastern curlews
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是极难捕捉的鸟类。
are exceptionally difficult birds to catch.
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它们非常警觉。
They're very, very wary.
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来吧，鸟儿们。
Come on, birds.
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旁白：智利的詹妮弗也一样需要等待。
NARRATOR So must Jennifer in Chile.
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这部分我们无法控制。
This is the part we can't control.
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我们只能等待潮水上涨，
We just have to wait, wait for the tide to come in,
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00:13:01,680 --> 00:13:04,000
等待鸟儿移动。
wait for the birds to move.
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等待它们移动到正确的位置。
Wait for them to move to the right spot.
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在澳大利亚，时机到了。
In Australia, the moment arrives.
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所有人准备。
Everybody ready.
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00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:23,320
3、2、1，发射。
3, 2, 1, fire.
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但大杓鹬小队失手了。
But for Team Curlew, it's a miss.
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00:13:42,080 --> 00:13:45,800
智利的塍鹬小队会更幸运吗？
Will Team Godwit in Chile have better luck?
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00:13:48,840 --> 00:13:51,600
三、二、一。
Tres, dos, uno.
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有吗？
¿Bolsa?
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00:13:59,240 --> 00:14:00,320
有。
Bolsa.
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00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:06,280
我们可能看起来有点紧张，
Tal vez nos vemos un poco estresadas
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00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:11,080
但这是为了加快速度，让鸟儿早点到。
pero es para apurarnos y que las aves lleguen pronto.
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00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:12,680
两只。
Dos.
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00:14:12,800 --> 00:14:15,120
我们抓到了大约30只……
We got about, hmm, 30...
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00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:16,240
30只鸟？
30 birds?
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00:14:30,080 --> 00:14:33,760
扬和他的团队也网到了一些红腹滨鹬。
Jan and his team have also netted some red knots.
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00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:38,040
所以……
So...
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00:14:38,160 --> 00:14:41,480
我们抓到了13只红腹滨鹬。
it seems we have 13 red knots.
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00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:42,920
这真是太棒了。
So, that's really awesome.
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00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:53,680
在毛里塔尼亚……
In Mauritania...
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和智利，
and in Chile,
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卫星追踪器已安装完毕。
the satellite trackers are fitted.
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00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:10,760
尽管努力了数月，理查德和他的团队
Despite months of trying, Richard and his team
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00:15:10,880 --> 00:15:15,520
在摩顿湾未能捕捉到一只大杓鹬。
in Moreton Bay have failed to catch a single curlew.
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但有一只2017年安装追踪器的鸟
But there is one bird that they tagged back in 2017
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00:15:24,560 --> 00:15:27,400
仍在传回位置信息。
that is still transmitting her location.
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00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:32,640
她的名字是AAD。
Her name is AAD.
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00:15:32,760 --> 00:15:36,400
她是一只坚韧、成功的旅行者。
She's a tough, successful traveler.
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00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:39,200
理查德已经追踪了她两次，
Richard has already tracked her twice,
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00:15:39,320 --> 00:15:43,720
从中国北部一路回到摩顿湾。
all the way to northern China and back here to Moreton Bay.
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我现在充满期待，
I have a high sense of anticipation right now,
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兴奋又期待。
an excited expectation.
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但我也感到忧虑和深深担忧。
But I'm also apprehensive, I think, and deeply concerned.
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她能在迁徙途中找到所需的东西吗？
Will she find what she needs along her migration journey?
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00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:04,040
随着三月为南半球的夏天拉下帷幕，
As March draws the curtain on the southern summer,
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滨鸟开始躁动，向往北方。
shorebirds start to stir with yearning for the north.
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科学家称之为迁徙躁动。
The scientists call it migratory restlessness.
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00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:22,600
你能看到它们兴奋起来；
You can see them getting excited;
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00:16:22,720 --> 00:16:26,440
互相呼唤，甚至短距离飞行。
calling to each other, maybe taking short flights.
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00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:30,280
但最终，会有一群鸟决定：
But then, eventually, a group will decide,
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00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:32,600
“就是此刻。”
"This is the moment."
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00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:35,760
AAD展翅高飞。
AAD spreads her wings.
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这次远征中第一只启程的鸟。
The first bird of the expedition in the air.
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00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:49,760
在智利，詹妮弗和团队
And in Chile, Jennifer and the team
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00:16:49,880 --> 00:16:52,200
送塍鹬踏上旅程。
send the godwits on their way.
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我希望能在她可能停留的区域
I hope, you know, I'll be in the same area
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00:16:57,240 --> 00:16:59,280
与她相遇。
where she's likely to stop along the way.
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甚至几周后可能在世界的另一端
So there's a chance I might even catch up with her
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00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:07,040
再次见到她。
in a couple of weeks in a very different part of the world.
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我衷心祝愿她一切顺利。
I just wish her the best.
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她还有很长的路要走。
She's got a really long way to go.
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00:17:30,080 --> 00:17:33,680
滨鸟与第一个可能的休息地之间
Thousands of miles of ocean lie between the shorebirds
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00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:35,600
隔着数千英里的海洋。
and their first hope of rest.
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00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:42,240
迁徙的滨鸟可能不需要睡眠。
A migrating shorebird may not need to sleep.
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00:17:42,360 --> 00:17:46,760
它们可以让一半大脑休息，另一半保持警觉。
It rests half its brain while the other half remains alert.
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00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:54,760
据认为，它们眼中的色素能让它们感知
It's thought that pigments in its eyes let it perceive
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地球磁场并保持航向。
the Earth's magnetic field and stay on course.
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00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:05,600
夜晚，它们可以依靠星辰导航。
At night, it can navigate by the stars.
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00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:14,440
塍鹬会飞越5000多英里的开阔海洋。
The godwits fly over 5,000 miles of open ocean.
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00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:17,720
它们无法滑翔或游泳，
They can't glide or swim,
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必须持续拍打翅膀……
so must beat their wings continuously...
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00:18:23,160 --> 00:18:27,360
……飞越中美洲和墨西哥湾。
...crossing over Central American and the Gulf of Mexico.
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00:18:29,800 --> 00:18:34,320
经过六天六夜不进食、不饮水、不休息的飞行，
After six days and nights without food, water, or rest,
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它们抵达得克萨斯州海岸。
they reach the coast of Texas.
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00:18:38,040 --> 00:18:41,040
但下方土地正遭遇严重干旱。
But the land below is in severe drought.
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追踪显示鸟儿正在减速并盘旋，
Tracking shows the birds are slowing down and making turns,
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或许在寻找不存在的避难所。
searching perhaps for a refuge that isn't there.
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00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:55,200
于是，它们继续前进。
And so, they press on.
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00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:02,120
滨鸟燃烧脂肪既为能量也为水分。
Shorebirds burn fat for water as well as energy.
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00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:05,800
它们甚至能消化部分自身器官
They can even digest parts of their own organs
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以保持水分。
to stay hydrated.
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00:19:07,480 --> 00:19:13,000
当身体被逼至极限时，
And when their bodies are pushed to their utmost limit,
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00:19:13,120 --> 00:19:16,800
它们会消耗拍打翅膀的肌肉。
they burn the very muscle that beats their wings.
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00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:24,080
最终，塍鹬在南达科他州
At last, the godwits find a place to rest and feed
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00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:26,520
找到休息和觅食之地。
in South Dakota.
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00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:29,200
南达科他州遍布湿地。
South Dakota is filled with wetlands.
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00:19:29,320 --> 00:19:31,360
这些冰川运动形成的凹地
They're just divots in the landscape
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00:19:31,480 --> 00:19:35,600
每年春天都会积满融雪和雨水。
that were carved out by the movement of a glacier,
280
00:19:35,720 --> 00:19:40,040
and now they fill with snowmelt and rainwater every spring.
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00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:50,120
夏季来临气温升高后，
As soon as summer rolls in and the temperatures climb,
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00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:54,040
这些水会蒸发，但现在刚刚好。
that water's going to evaporate, but for now, it's perfect.
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00:19:57,160 --> 00:20:00,920
这正是能帮助它们
It's exactly the kind of habitat that's gonna help them
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00:20:01,040 --> 00:20:03,720
找到继续迁徙所需燃料的栖息地。
find the fuel that they need to keep migrating.
285
00:20:09,320 --> 00:20:10,680
每年春天，
Every spring,
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00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:14,240
詹妮弗都会花数周时间搜寻南达科他州，
Jennifer spends weeks scouring South Dakota,
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00:20:14,360 --> 00:20:17,160
寻找她在智利标记的鸟儿。
searching for the birds she tagged in Chile.
288
00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,560
它们在这片短暂存在的景观中
They have been migrating through
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00:20:21,680 --> 00:20:24,200
迁徙了数千年，
this ephemeral landscape for thousands of years,
290
00:20:24,320 --> 00:20:26,160
早已适应这种环境。
so they're evolved for that.
291
00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:28,080
但如今环境变化的速度
But the rates at which things are changing
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00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:31,280
远超以往。
are much faster than they've ever been.
293
00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:33,480
我们不知道塍鹬能否像过去那样
We don't know if godwits can cope
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00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:35,720
适应现在的变化。
with this kind of variability now
295
00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:38,160
in the way that they've coped with it in the past.
296
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:49,480
看起来就在这后面。
Looks like it's right back here.
297
00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:53,040
哦，是只塍鹬。
Oh, yeah, that's a godwit.
298
00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:54,840
塍鹬？太好了。
Godwit? Nice.
299
00:20:56,680 --> 00:20:57,920
好像不止一只。
Looks like there's more than one.
300
00:20:58,040 --> 00:20:59,440
哇。
Ooh.
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00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:00,880
等等，你觉得那是一整群塍鹬吗？
Wait, is that a whole group of godwits, do you think?
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00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:02,760
对，我觉得是。真的？太棒了。
Yeah, I think so. Yeah? Cool.
303
00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:05,160
一、二、三。
One, two, three.
304
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:10,720
看着它们，你仿佛能感受到
You can feel, in a way, just watching them,
305
00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:17,040
这段旅程有多漫长，它们有多饥饿。
how long of a journey it's been and how hungry they are.
306
00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:19,040
这太不可思议了。
It's incredible.
307
00:21:19,160 --> 00:21:22,000
我们花了这么多时间在这里
You know, we spend so much time out here
308
00:21:22,120 --> 00:21:24,200
不断寻找。
looking and looking and looking.
309
00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:28,840
最终在一片玉米地中央——
And then to finally see one out in the middle of a--
310
00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:30,920
看到一只不久前可能在智利见过的
of a cornfield, you know, a godwit
311
00:21:31,040 --> 00:21:34,560
塍鹬……
that we might have seen in Chile not that long ago...
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00:21:35,760 --> 00:21:38,880
……这种感觉太棒了。
...it's a great feeling.
313
00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:40,320
在西欧，
In Western Europe,
314
00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:43,240
红腹滨鹬也需要在从西非飞往西伯利亚的途中
the red knots also need to refuel
315
00:21:43,360 --> 00:21:46,520
补充能量。
on their journey from West Africa to Siberia.
316
00:21:48,400 --> 00:21:50,720
它们成群飞往荷兰和德国海岸沿线
They flock to the vast tidal mudbanks
317
00:21:50,840 --> 00:21:54,600
广阔的潮间泥滩——
that stretch along the Dutch and German coasts--
318
00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:55,800
瓦登海。
the Wadden Sea.
319
00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:09,120
这是瓦登海的最西端。
This is the westernmost part of the Wadden Sea.
320
00:22:09,240 --> 00:22:11,520
这里是鸟类飞往北极途中
It's a major staging site for the birds
321
00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:13,320
重要的中转站。
on their way to the Arctic.
322
00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:24,240
它们会在这里停留两到三周，
They stay here for, like, two, three weeks
323
00:22:24,360 --> 00:22:26,680
恢复体力，
in order to gain strength again
324
00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:28,960
以便飞往西伯利亚。
to travel all the way to Siberia.
325
00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:35,920
目前我们有两周前在毛里塔尼亚
Yes, we have, currently two birds
326
00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:39,040
捕获的两只鸟。
that we caught in Mauritania just a few weeks ago.
327
00:22:40,600 --> 00:22:43,560
当你看到自己标记的鸟
When you see birds that you have tagged yourself
328
00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:45,640
来到瓦登海，
and they arrive here in the Wadden Sea,
329
00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:47,920
啊，这感觉太棒了。
ahh, that's so cool.
330
00:22:48,040 --> 00:22:49,320
但此刻，
But at this moment,
331
00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:53,840
扬的喜悦变成了深深的失望。
Jan's elation turns to bitter disappointment.
332
00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:56,880
我们遇到了新问题，乌克兰战争。
We have a new problem, and it's the war in Ukraine.
333
00:22:57,000 --> 00:23:00,560
我们刚接到部里通知，
And, ahh, we actually just heard from the Ministry
334
00:23:00,680 --> 00:23:03,400
不能去西伯利亚了。
that we cannot go to Siberia.
335
00:23:03,520 --> 00:23:06,080
我们被迫从现在起
We are forced to ban our connections
336
00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:09,520
与俄罗斯科学家断绝联系。
to Russian scientists right now from this moment.
337
00:23:09,640 --> 00:23:11,600
刚接到通知不能去。
And we just heard we cannot go.
338
00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:14,480
这太令人沮丧了。
It's a huge frustration.
339
00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:21,400
这些鸟会飞往俄罗斯。
These birds are going to Russia.
340
00:23:21,520 --> 00:23:25,200
它们能跨越的边界，我们今年无法跨越，
They're crossing borders that we cannot cross this year
341
00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:28,320
可能明年也不行，天知道要多久。
and maybe next year, and God knows for how long.
342
00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:36,920
在摩顿湾，
From Moreton Bay,
343
00:23:37,040 --> 00:23:40,360
理查德关注着他的大杓鹬北迁之旅。
Richard watches his curlew's journey north.
344
00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:44,320
我们追踪到AAD
We've tracked AAD
345
00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:46,600
飞越大堡礁、
crossing over the Great Barrier Reef,
346
00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:50,560
约克角、巴布亚新几内亚，继续飞行，
Cape York, Papua New Guinea, still flying,
347
00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:55,080
飞越东南亚一些最高山脉，
over some of the highest mountains in Southeast Asia
348
00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,480
向北推进，飞越菲律宾，
pushing north, over the Philippines,
349
00:23:57,600 --> 00:23:59,960
最终在台湾降落。
and she's touched down in Taiwan.
350
00:24:07,480 --> 00:24:08,880
在台湾，
In Taiwan,
351
00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:12,000
观鸟是全民热衷的活动。
birdwatching is a national passion.
352
00:24:25,080 --> 00:24:28,080
我们立即通知了台湾的观鸟者，
We immediately notified birdwatchers in Taiwan
353
00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:30,560
消息通过社交媒体传播，
and the messages went out on social media,
354
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:34,080
数百人开始寻找AAD。
hundreds of people began searching for AAD.
355
00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:43,560
郑峰：
ZHENG-FENG:
356
00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:46,160
退休兽医李郑峰
It is retired vet Li Zheng-Feng
357
00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:48,480
成功找到了它。
who scores the jackpot.
358
00:25:20,840 --> 00:25:23,200
郑峰：
ZHENG-FENG:
359
00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:34,200
我们可以用卫星追踪器定位鸟类，
We can track birds with satellite transmitters,
360
00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:35,760
但亲眼看到地面上的鸟儿，
but when you see one on the ground,
361
00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:37,360
才是真正的终极目标。
it's really the holy grail.
362
00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:40,600
这是对原本只是电脑屏幕上
That's an on-ground confirmed observation
363
00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:42,280
一个光点的鸟儿
of the bird that's just been a dot
364
00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:44,760
的实地确认。
on a computer screen up until that point.
365
00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:46,640
我对此非常兴奋，
So, I'm super excited about that,
366
00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:49,000
也期待了解它接下来的去向。
and I'm excited to learn where she goes next.
367
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:58,000
AAD接下来飞往中国北方，
Where AAD goes next is northern China,
368
00:25:58,120 --> 00:26:03,240
那里是它和祖先世代繁衍的地方。
where she and her forebears have been nesting for generations.
369
00:26:03,360 --> 00:26:05,840
但理查德担心，年复一年，
But Richard fears that, year by year,
370
00:26:05,960 --> 00:26:07,360
它选择的繁殖地
her chosen breeding ground
371
00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:10,840
成功繁殖的几率越来越小。
is less likely to bring her success.
372
00:26:10,960 --> 00:26:12,200
中国这片区域
This region of China
373
00:26:12,320 --> 00:26:15,440
经历了巨大变迁。
has undergone massive transformation.
374
00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:21,040
那些草木丰茂、森林沼泽交错的原始荒野
Those wonderful grassy, forested, mosaic, wilderness
375
00:26:21,160 --> 00:26:27,520
已被改造成稻田。
and swamplands have been converted into rice paddies.
376
00:26:27,640 --> 00:26:30,360
现在我们的一些大杓鹬只能利用
So, now some of our curlews, they're literally using
377
00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:35,680
最后残存的原始栖息地碎片，
the last remaining patches of that original habitat,
378
00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:40,120
我们看到鸟儿飞入稻田，
and we see birds making forays out into the rice paddies,
379
00:26:40,240 --> 00:26:43,240
或许在徒劳地寻找食物。
perhaps forlornly looking for food.
380
00:26:43,360 --> 00:26:45,080
那里食物匮乏。
There won't be much for them.
381
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:47,560
但它们仍在搜寻。
Yet we see them still searching there.
382
00:26:50,360 --> 00:26:53,080
传统在中国繁殖的鸟类，
The birds that traditionally breed in China,
383
00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:55,280
我认为正面临巨大威胁，
I think are now under immense threat
384
00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:58,720
数量可能正在急剧减少。
and likely to be declining really fast.
385
00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:05,960
许多其他滨鸟物种在更北的
Many other shorebird species nest farther north,
386
00:27:06,080 --> 00:27:08,760
北极沼泽和苔原繁殖。
in the marsh and tundra of the Arctic.
387
00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:14,920
随着冰雪消融、气温升高，塍鹬抵达
As the snows melt and the air warms, the godwits arrive
388
00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:18,400
阿拉斯加白鲸河的沼泽地。
in the boglands of Alaska's Beluga River.
389
00:27:20,120 --> 00:27:21,760
在五周的旅程中，
In their 5-week journey,
390
00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:25,800
它们展现了卓越的导航能力
they've demonstrated a mastery of navigation,
391
00:27:25,920 --> 00:27:28,640
和非凡的耐力。
as well as extraordinary stamina.
392
00:27:31,120 --> 00:27:34,920
令人惊叹的是，许多塍鹬会降落在
Astonishingly, many of them land within a hundred yards
393
00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:38,640
出生地百米范围内。
of where they were born.
394
00:27:38,760 --> 00:27:40,960
詹妮弗的同事内森·森纳
Jennifer's colleague Nathan Senner
395
00:27:41,080 --> 00:27:44,760
负责阿拉斯加的塍鹬研究。
leads the godwit research here in Alaska.
396
00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:46,080
詹妮标记的所有鸟儿
All of Jenny's birds
397
00:27:46,200 --> 00:27:47,720
都已返回阿拉斯加，
have made their way back to Alaska
398
00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:50,280
希望它们能尽快找到伴侣
and are hopefully finding each other as quickly as they can
399
00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,800
进入繁殖季，
and getting on with the breeding season
400
00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:56,080
因为它们在这里只有十周时间。
because, you know, they've got only 10 weeks here.
401
00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:01,440
我们发现它们非常高效，
What we've found is that they're remarkably able to,
402
00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:04,040
有些个体抵达后五天
in some cases, lay their first egg
403
00:28:04,160 --> 00:28:06,440
就能产下首枚卵。
within five days of getting here.
404
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:11,280
研究人员需要了解
The researchers need to know
405
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:15,480
今年有多少雏鸟能存活并南飞。
how many chicks will survive this year to fly south.
406
00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:18,280
所以我们要先找到巢穴，
So, we have to find the nest and then,
407
00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:19,480
待卵孵化后，
once the eggs hatch,
408
00:28:19,600 --> 00:28:20,880
给雏鸟安装追踪器
put tracking devices on the chicks
409
00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:23,400
记录它们在沼泽成长期间
and follow their movements and their survival
410
00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:26,040
的活动和存活情况。
over the course of their development here in the bog.
411
00:28:28,880 --> 00:28:30,680
在阿拉斯加另一侧，
On the other side of Alaska,
412
00:28:30,800 --> 00:28:31,960
扬正在追踪
Jan is on the trail
413
00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:35,680
另一群红腹滨鹬。
of a different population of red knots.
414
00:28:35,800 --> 00:28:38,320
他在毛里塔尼亚标记的鸟儿
The birds he tagged in Mauritania
415
00:28:38,440 --> 00:28:41,680
正独自飞往西伯利亚。
are on their way to Siberia without him.
416
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,280
现在他和团队只能在没有追踪器指引的情况下
So now, he and his team are searching for nests
417
00:28:48,400 --> 00:28:51,120
寻找巢穴。
without any tracking devices to guide them.
418
00:28:56,280 --> 00:28:59,440
他们用扬声器播放红腹滨鹬的叫声，
They play red-knot calls over a speaker,
419
00:28:59,560 --> 00:29:01,680
希望吸引成年个体
hoping to attract adult birds
420
00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:03,720
跟随它们找到巢穴。
that they can follow to their nests.
421
00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:10,400
但北极的红腹滨鹬极其隐蔽。
But knots in the Arctic are very, very cryptic.
422
00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:14,400
它们的羽毛颜色与苔藓
They have feathers with the color of the lichens
423
00:29:14,520 --> 00:29:15,760
和岩石融为一体。
on the rocks here.
424
00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:18,800
这里有成千上万的岩石，
So there are thousands of rocks,
425
00:29:18,920 --> 00:29:20,920
每块都像红腹滨鹬。
and they all look like red knots.
426
00:29:26,920 --> 00:29:29,720
经过两周徒劳搜寻后，
After two weeks of fruitless hunting,
427
00:29:29,840 --> 00:29:32,800
扬的团队尝试新方法——
Jan's team tries out a new approach--
428
00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:35,760
用带红外摄像头的无人机
a drone with an infrared camera
429
00:29:35,880 --> 00:29:38,520
探测冻原上
they hope will detect the warm-blooded red knots
430
00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:41,240
筑巢的温血红腹滨鹬。
nesting in the frozen tundra.
431
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:56,320
天啊。
Oh, my God.
432
00:29:59,080 --> 00:30:01,960
终于，他们发现了一只。
And at last, they spot one.
433
00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:03,400
啊，我太兴奋了。
Ah, I feel excited.
434
00:30:03,520 --> 00:30:05,600
真的非常兴奋。
I feel really excited.
435
00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:07,640
寒冷中让我热血沸腾。
It heats me up in the cold.
436
00:30:14,880 --> 00:30:16,200
回到白鲸河，
Back in Beluga,
437
00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:20,520
内森对塍鹬繁殖地了如指掌，
Nathan knows the godwits' breeding area intimately,
438
00:30:20,640 --> 00:30:24,440
但每次发现巢穴仍觉神奇。
but it's no less of a wonder each time he finds a nest.
439
00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:40,160
能看到雏鸟的喙开始探出。
You can see the bill of the chick starting to poke out.
440
00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:43,120
这只明天早上就会破壳。
This bird is gonna hatch tomorrow morning.
441
00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:48,160
内森标记巢穴位置
Nathan marks the location of the nest
442
00:30:48,280 --> 00:30:50,760
方便团队明日返回。
so his team can return tomorrow.
443
00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:54,280
如果雏鸟破壳时我们不在场，
If we're not there when the chick actually hatches,
444
00:30:54,400 --> 00:30:55,720
很可能就再也见不到它们，
we're never likely to see them
445
00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:57,760
因为破壳几小时后
because they are moving away from the nest
446
00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:00,160
它们就会离开巢穴，
within a couple of hours of hatching,
447
00:31:00,280 --> 00:31:03,920
在沼泽中几乎不可能找到
and it's incredibly difficult to find them in the bog
448
00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:06,360
离巢后的雏鸟。
after they've actually left the nest.
449
00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:10,680
而且科学家
And scientists
450
00:31:10,800 --> 00:31:13,280
并非唯一寻找巢穴的生物。
aren't the only ones searching for nests.
451
00:31:18,600 --> 00:31:22,600
隐藏摄像机拍到了各种掠食者。
Hidden cameras reveal a variety of predators.
452
00:31:48,840 --> 00:31:50,840
糟糕。
Uh-oh.
453
00:31:50,960 --> 00:31:53,800
情况不妙。
That's not good.
454
00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:55,320
我发现一枚
I found an egg
455
00:31:55,440 --> 00:31:57,560
裂开的蛋，里面有血迹，
with some, like, an open egg with some blood in it
456
00:31:57,680 --> 00:31:59,720
看起来更像是被吃掉
that looks to me more like it was eaten
457
00:31:59,840 --> 00:32:01,760
而非自然孵化。
than, like, it hatched.
458
00:32:05,280 --> 00:32:07,600
那边还有一个？
That another one?
459
00:32:07,720 --> 00:32:11,960
好吧，让这些亲鸟独自悲伤吧。
Alright, well, let's leave these parents to their anguish.
460
00:32:14,280 --> 00:32:15,960
是啊，真糟糕。
Yeah, not good.
461
00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:19,600
我们都为鸟儿加油。这正是我们在此的原因。
You're rooting for the birds. That's why we're here.
462
00:32:19,720 --> 00:32:24,160
虽然这是自然过程的一部分，但——
I mean, it is part of the whole process, but as--
463
00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:27,760
当你长期观察一个巢穴后，
Yeah, when you've watched a nest for a long time,
464
00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:29,280
这种结局令人难过。
it's not a good ending.
465
00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:37,200
北极的六月。
It's June in the Arctic.
466
00:32:37,320 --> 00:32:40,400
温暖的空气中昆虫飞舞。
The warm air buzzes with insects.
467
00:32:43,760 --> 00:32:45,680
夏日来临，
Summer is here
468
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:50,000
灌木丛的凹地中涌现出……
and from those hollows in the scrub emerges...
469
00:32:50,120 --> 00:32:51,120
生命。
life.
470
00:33:32,560 --> 00:33:34,320
内森和团队回到
Nathan and his team have returned
471
00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:36,240
一处塍鹬巢穴，
to one of their godwit nests,
472
00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:38,960
寻找新孵化的雏鸟。
searching for newly hatched chicks.
473
00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:58,280
第一只递给你？
Can I hand you the first one?
474
00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:01,840
天啊，它们真可爱，有点呆萌。
Gosh, they are really cute, kinda goofy.
475
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:07,560
好了，25克。
There we go, 25.
476
00:34:17,040 --> 00:34:19,040
看这软趴趴的小腿。
Look at those floppy legs.
477
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:26,400
刚破壳时，
When they come out of the egg,
478
00:34:26,520 --> 00:34:29,480
它们某些部位发育得更完善，
some parts of them are more developed than others
479
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,760
这样出壳后就能立即
and so that they can run across the bog
480
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:33,920
在沼泽奔跑，
as quickly as they're out of the egg,
481
00:34:34,040 --> 00:34:36,720
腿部发育得很好，
they've got really developed legs,
482
00:34:36,840 --> 00:34:37,960
而喙部你看，
whereas their bill, you can see,
483
00:34:38,080 --> 00:34:40,200
还远未达到成鸟水平。
is nothing like the adult bill yet.
484
00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:41,600
比较短小因为
It's quite short because
485
00:34:41,720 --> 00:34:43,880
它们只需从植被上啄食昆虫。
they just preen insects off the vegetation.
486
00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:46,360
还不需要探食。
They're not probing into anything.
487
00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:47,720
至于翅膀，
And then the wings, of course,
488
00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:49,840
离飞行还差得远。
they're not anywhere near being ready to fly.
489
00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:52,360
是发育最不完善的部位。
So those are the least developed of all.
490
00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:54,920
然而正是这对翅膀将承载
And yet, those wings are going to carry
491
00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:58,200
幼鸟飞行9000英里。
the young bird 9,000 miles.
492
00:34:58,320 --> 00:35:01,120
这只雏鸟将在两个月内
The fact that this chick in two months
493
00:35:01,240 --> 00:35:05,120
从22克长到300多克，
is gonna go from 22 grams to over 300 grams,
494
00:35:05,240 --> 00:35:08,120
一路飞到南美洲南部，
and it's gonna fly all the way to southern South America,
495
00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:11,680
这成长速度惊人至极。
that's a phenomenal-- phenomenal growth rate.
496
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:23,840
在北部的冻原，
In the tundra to the north,
497
00:35:23,960 --> 00:35:25,840
扬的红外无人机显示
Jan's infrared drone reveals
498
00:35:25,960 --> 00:35:29,240
一只红腹滨鹬的卵已孵化。
that one of his red knots' clutches has hatched.
499
00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:42,480
哦！又一只雏鸟。
Oh! Another chick.
500
00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:44,840
太棒了！好极了！
Wow, nice! Nice!
501
00:35:47,080 --> 00:35:50,880
跗跖28.3毫米。
Tarsus is 28.3.
502
00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:02,120
对红腹滨鹬雏鸟而言，
For the red knot chicks,
503
00:36:02,240 --> 00:36:06,360
生命最初几周尤其危险。
the first few weeks of life are especially perilous.
504
00:36:11,160 --> 00:36:12,480
只有约四分之一的雏鸟
Only about a quarter of them
505
00:36:12,600 --> 00:36:16,600
能活到南迁之时。
will live long enough to make the journey south.
506
00:36:16,720 --> 00:36:19,600
它要走了。就在这里。
He's going. Here he is.
507
00:36:19,720 --> 00:36:21,280
成功了！
There we go!
508
00:36:24,600 --> 00:36:27,320
加油啊小家伙！
Do your best, man!
509
00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:31,240
但扬最担心的是即便存活的个体
But Jan's main concern is that even those that survive
510
00:36:31,360 --> 00:36:34,720
体型也比正常标准偏小。
will be smaller than they ought to be.
511
00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:37,320
积雪融化三周后，
Three weeks after the snow has melted,
512
00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:40,440
昆虫数量达到峰值供雏鸟取食。
there's the insect peak on which the chicks can feed.
513
00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:45,040
随着北极快速变暖，
With the rapid warming of the Arctic,
514
00:36:45,160 --> 00:36:48,080
夏季已提前到来。
the summer has already started.
515
00:36:48,200 --> 00:36:52,120
这些昆虫更早从土壤中钻出。
These insects are emerging earlier from the soil.
516
00:36:52,240 --> 00:36:57,600
但鸟类并未调整迁徙时间表。
But what the birds do not do is adjust their travel schedule.
517
00:36:57,720 --> 00:37:01,640
如今这些北极鸟类抵达时
So nowadays, these birds in the Arctic arrive too late
518
00:37:01,760 --> 00:37:05,720
已错过昆虫爆发期。
for the chicks to make use of this burst of insects.
519
00:37:05,840 --> 00:37:08,800
因此它们没有良好的生长条件，
And so, they don't have good growing opportunities
520
00:37:08,920 --> 00:37:11,320
导致体型
and that makes these birds smaller
521
00:37:11,440 --> 00:37:13,400
小于正常标准。
than they actually should be.
522
00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:19,360
对塍鹬雏鸟而言，
For the godwit chicks, too,
523
00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:22,640
这也是一场与时间的赛跑。
it's a race against time.
524
00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:23,840
雏鸟破壳后，
Once the chicks hatch,
525
00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:25,400
双亲会共同照料雏鸟
both parents take care of the chicks
526
00:37:25,520 --> 00:37:27,200
至少前三周左右
for at least the first three weeks
527
00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:28,840
直到它们能活动。
or so that they're around.
528
00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:31,000
之后雌鸟会先行离开，
But then at some point, the female will actually take off
529
00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:34,440
只留下雄鸟继续守护，
and it'll just be left up to the male,
530
00:37:34,560 --> 00:37:37,360
雄鸟会陪伴雏鸟直到羽翼丰满
and the male will see the chicks through to fledging
531
00:37:37,480 --> 00:37:39,120
之后也会离去。
before he too takes off.
532
00:37:39,240 --> 00:37:41,560
最终雏鸟将独自面对世界。
And then the chicks are left all alone.
533
00:37:49,320 --> 00:37:51,480
随着北极白昼渐短，
As the days shorten in the Arctic,
534
00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:54,120
年轻的滨鸟开始了它们
the young shorebirds embark on their first,
535
00:37:54,240 --> 00:37:57,920
首次也是最危险的迁徙。
and most dangerous, migration.
536
00:37:58,040 --> 00:38:02,760
这处女航既是奇迹也是谜团。
Their maiden flight is a miracle and a mystery.
537
00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:04,720
它们正飞往家园……
They're going home...
538
00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:09,880
一个从未见过却仿佛始终知晓的故乡。
a home they've never seen but somehow, always known.
539
00:38:14,160 --> 00:38:16,440
在我看来，首次南迁
The first southward migration, to me,
540
00:38:16,560 --> 00:38:19,040
简直困难得超乎想象。
just seems epically difficult.
541
00:38:19,160 --> 00:38:22,480
完成这些惊人的飞行，
You're making these incredible flights,
542
00:38:22,600 --> 00:38:23,800
尽管毫无经验，
having never done it before,
543
00:38:23,920 --> 00:38:26,840
即便因此丧命
and that alone, if you didn't survive that,
544
00:38:26,960 --> 00:38:29,680
也不足为奇。
it wouldn't surprise me.
545
00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:32,560
更何况迁徙途中
And then when you throw on top of it the threats
546
00:38:32,680 --> 00:38:34,280
它们还要面对
that the birds are facing,
547
00:38:34,400 --> 00:38:38,160
来自各方的威胁——
at each and every point during the course of their migration--
548
00:38:38,280 --> 00:38:40,480
飓风……
hurricanes...
549
00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:43,800
内陆干旱……
droughts in the midcontinent...
550
00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:45,200
捕猎……
hunting...
551
00:38:52,120 --> 00:38:56,600
滨鸟在整个迁徙路线上都面临捕猎。
Shorebirds are hunted all along their flyways.
552
00:38:56,720 --> 00:39:02,120
仅法国每年就有数千红腹滨鹬被杀。
In France alone, thousands of red knots are killed each year.
553
00:39:02,240 --> 00:39:03,600
主要是幼鸟，
These mainly juveniles,
554
00:39:03,720 --> 00:39:07,160
因为它们比成鸟更缺乏警惕，
because they are a bit more naive than adults,
555
00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:10,680
在迁徙途中遭射杀。
they're shot on their migration.
556
00:39:10,800 --> 00:39:13,920
大杓鹬刚离开繁殖地就被猎杀，
Curlews are shot at just as they leave breeding grounds
557
00:39:14,040 --> 00:39:15,320
整个南迁过程
and are subject to hunting pressure
558
00:39:15,440 --> 00:39:19,320
都面临捕猎压力。
all the way through their southbound migration.
559
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:33,920
躲过中国北方猎人后，
Curlews that dodge the hunters in Northern China
560
00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:36,360
南飞黄海补给地途中
face other perils as they head southward
561
00:39:36,480 --> 00:39:39,320
还要面对其他危险。
to refueling grounds in the Yellow Sea.
562
00:39:41,160 --> 00:39:43,760
AAD就是其中之一。
Among them is AAD.
563
00:39:50,200 --> 00:39:53,560
在上海郊外的如东县，
On the outskirts of Shanghai, in Rudong County,
564
00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:57,120
鸟儿们搜寻海岸线寻找觅食地。
the birds scour the shoreline for somewhere to feed.
565
00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:00,960
中国东部沿海
Thousands of kilometers of seawall
566
00:40:01,080 --> 00:40:03,000
数千公里的海堤取代了
have replaced the natural coastline
567
00:40:03,120 --> 00:40:04,720
天然海岸线，
along much of eastern China,
568
00:40:04,840 --> 00:40:07,720
导致大杓鹬迁徙途中
taking out more than two-thirds of the habitat
569
00:40:07,840 --> 00:40:11,480
三分之二的栖息地消失。
that Eastern curlews use when they're on migration.
570
00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:18,440
黄海地区超过200万英亩
Over 2 million acres of shorebird habitat
571
00:40:18,560 --> 00:40:21,560
滨鸟栖息地因开发而消失。
have been lost to development in the Yellow Sea.
572
00:40:26,120 --> 00:40:30,920
在此找到安全港湾的希望逐年渺茫。
The hope of finding safe harbor here gets slimmer every year.
573
00:40:32,960 --> 00:40:36,120
但AAD很幸运。
But AAD gets lucky.
574
00:40:36,240 --> 00:40:39,920
AAD在如东找到一片残存栖息地，
AAD found a patch of remaining habitat at Rudong,
575
00:40:40,040 --> 00:40:41,880
这里环境优质，
which is great-quality habitat,
576
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:47,200
成千上万的滨鸟迁徙时在此聚集。
that thousands of shorebirds congregate on during migration.
577
00:40:47,320 --> 00:40:50,200
这片潮间带泥滩是混凝土丛林中的
This intertidal flat is an oasis of mud
578
00:40:50,320 --> 00:40:53,320
一片泥滩绿洲。
amidst the concrete.
579
00:40:53,440 --> 00:40:56,720
李静是保护组织的联合创始人，
Jing Li is the co-founder of a conservation group
580
00:40:56,840 --> 00:41:01,480
致力于保护这片重要滨鸟庇护所。
that campaigns to protect this vital shorebird refuge.
581
00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:05,920
她亲眼目睹沿海开发和当地产业
She's seen firsthand how coastal development and local industries
582
00:41:06,040 --> 00:41:09,200
对大杓鹬等滨鸟造成的压力。
have put pressure on shorebirds like the curlew.
583
00:41:27,800 --> 00:41:30,400
其实很少有滨鸟以蛤蜊为食。
Few shorebirds actually eat the clams.
584
00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:34,960
但它们要在泥滩上争夺空间。
But they're competing for space on the mudflat.
585
00:41:38,280 --> 00:41:41,280
基层行动和国际合作
Grassroots activism and international collaboration
586
00:41:41,400 --> 00:41:43,720
正在扭转黄海的局面。
are turning the tide in the Yellow Sea.
587
00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:49,200
近期，如东县泥滩的
Recently, development on the Rudong County mudflats
588
00:41:49,320 --> 00:41:50,560
开发已被叫停。
has been stopped.
589
00:42:43,720 --> 00:42:45,720
在美洲迁徙路线上，
On the Americas flyway,
590
00:42:45,840 --> 00:42:47,320
南迁的年轻塍鹬
young southbound godwits
591
00:42:47,440 --> 00:42:51,240
正抵达达科他州的草原洼地。
are arriving in the prairie potholes of the Dakotas.
592
00:42:57,040 --> 00:43:00,640
我们知道这里的湿地数量
The wetlands out here we know are less numerous today
593
00:43:00,760 --> 00:43:03,880
已大不如前。
than they used to be.
594
00:43:04,000 --> 00:43:07,200
不清楚具体消失了多少，
We don't really know how many of those wetlands we've lost,
595
00:43:07,320 --> 00:43:10,880
但据估算可能高达90%。
but, by some estimates, maybe as many as 90%.
596
00:43:18,160 --> 00:43:23,040
农业与滨鸟保护无需二选一。
We don't have to make a choice between farming and shorebirds.
597
00:43:25,240 --> 00:43:28,360
两者可以和谐共存。
There are ways that these two things can co-exist.
598
00:43:28,480 --> 00:43:31,240
这些湿地无需永久保留。
These wetlands don't need to be there permanently.
599
00:43:34,280 --> 00:43:37,120
只需在鸟类最需要的
They just need to be there for the couple of weeks a year
600
00:43:37,240 --> 00:43:39,160
几周内存在即可。
that birds really need them.
601
00:43:42,560 --> 00:43:47,080
塍鹬继续南飞，在巴拿马停留……
The godwits continue south, stopping in Panama...
602
00:43:55,560 --> 00:43:58,320
……成千上万的滨鸟在此聚集……
...where thousands of shorebirds congregate...
603
00:44:06,480 --> 00:44:10,400
……在日渐退化的迁徙路线上展现优雅身姿。
...a vision of grace amidst the degradation of their flyway.
604
00:44:39,480 --> 00:44:41,480
在太平洋另一端，
On the far side of the Pacific,
605
00:44:41,600 --> 00:44:46,080
AAD正飞越菲律宾踏上归途……
AAD is winging her way home over the Philippines...
606
00:44:48,840 --> 00:44:51,320
……突遇台风袭击。
...when a typhoon strikes.
607
00:44:58,440 --> 00:45:02,240
这场风速超过每小时80英里的
The massive storm, with winds topping 80 miles an hour...
608
00:45:03,520 --> 00:45:05,520
……强风暴横扫迁徙路线。
...rips across the flyway.
609
00:45:07,280 --> 00:45:11,080
AAD被吹到东南亚一角
AAD is blown into a corner of Southeast Asia
610
00:45:11,200 --> 00:45:13,480
这片它从未见过的区域。
she has never seen before.
611
00:45:16,160 --> 00:45:19,120
理查德只能在摩顿湾远程关注，
Richard can only watch from Moreton Bay,
612
00:45:19,240 --> 00:45:21,200
祈愿它能找到归途。
hoping she finds her way home.
613
00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:26,480
它最终向西南方向飞行，
She ended up on a track going southwest
614
00:45:26,600 --> 00:45:29,960
在婆罗洲找到一处大河入海口
and managed to find a large river mouth in Borneo
615
00:45:30,080 --> 00:45:32,680
那里有合适栖息地……
that had suitable habitat...
616
00:45:36,800 --> 00:45:39,720
……停留休整
...and spent time actually kind of stopping
617
00:45:39,840 --> 00:45:42,360
补充能量。
and regrouping and refueling there.
618
00:45:47,760 --> 00:45:52,120
随后出现惊人转折，
And then really in an incredible turn of events,
619
00:45:52,240 --> 00:45:56,440
它以精准的航向起飞，
she took off in exactly the right orientation
620
00:45:56,560 --> 00:45:59,880
一路飞回澳大利亚，
to bring her all the way back to Australia,
621
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:03,120
从达尔文上空进入澳洲，
entering Australia just over Darwin
622
00:46:03,240 --> 00:46:04,840
并在卡奔塔利亚湾湿地
and actually stopping in the wetlands
623
00:46:04,960 --> 00:46:08,120
停留数日。
in the Gulf of Carpentaria for a few days.
624
00:46:22,560 --> 00:46:25,680
甘加里达-加拉瓦人是澳大利亚北部
Gangalidda-Garawa people are custodians of an area
625
00:46:25,800 --> 00:46:29,880
面积相当于法国的土地守护者。
in northern Australia the size of France.
626
00:46:30,000 --> 00:46:34,400
他们守护这片土地已逾万年。
They've watched over it for many thousands of years.
627
00:46:37,440 --> 00:46:39,480
就在水边。
Right on the edge of the water.
628
00:46:42,960 --> 00:46:45,120
迁徙路线就像一串珍珠，
A flyway, you know, is like a string of pearls,
629
00:46:45,240 --> 00:46:46,520
环环相扣。
interconnected.
630
00:46:46,640 --> 00:46:49,640
最薄弱的一环决定整体强度。
And you're only as strong as your weakest link.
631
00:46:49,760 --> 00:46:52,120
只有纵观全局才能看清全貌。
And it's only from standing back you see the whole thing.
632
00:46:52,240 --> 00:46:53,240
这里也是如此。
And it's the same here.
633
00:46:53,360 --> 00:46:54,840
如果迁徙路线沿途
If each person along the flyway
634
00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:57,040
人人都分享信息，就能看清大局，
is sharing information, you see the bigger picture,
635
00:46:57,160 --> 00:46:58,880
唯有如此我们才能理解、
and only then do we understand,
636
00:46:59,000 --> 00:47:01,560
欣赏这幅完整画卷的壮美。
see the full painting, the beauty of it.
637
00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:03,600
得益于传统所有者，
Thanks to its traditional owners,
638
00:47:03,720 --> 00:47:07,280
这片广阔湿地已成为保护区。
this vast wetland is now a protected site.
639
00:47:09,840 --> 00:47:11,840
有种鸟尤其令我们印象深刻——
There's one bird in particular that impressed us--
640
00:47:11,960 --> 00:47:13,800
大杓鹬，
the Far Eastern curlew,
641
00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:16,920
从中国、西伯利亚等地远道而来，
comes all the way from China and Siberia and places
642
00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:20,280
日夜不停飞行数日。
and then he travels for days and nights nonstop.
643
00:47:20,400 --> 00:47:22,080
按体重比例算，它是小个子世界冠军，
Pound for pound, he's a little world champion
644
00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:24,120
我们愿划出一片土地
and we wanna dedicate a bit of our country
645
00:47:24,240 --> 00:47:26,600
专门保护它。
to looking after him.
646
00:47:49,240 --> 00:47:54,360
又飞行两日后，AAD终于回家……
After two more days of flying, AAD is home...
647
00:47:54,480 --> 00:47:56,040
降落在摩顿湾，
landing in Moreton Bay,
648
00:47:56,160 --> 00:47:59,280
距离五个月前出发地仅数米之遥。
just yards from where she left five months earlier.
649
00:48:01,040 --> 00:48:05,360
它与同伴们累计飞行超过13000英里。
She and her fellow curlews have logged over 13,000 miles.
650
00:48:19,400 --> 00:48:21,960
最令人振奋的是，
One of the great causes for hope
651
00:48:22,080 --> 00:48:25,960
这条迁徙路线沿途有众多热心人士
is the sheer number of good people around this flyway
652
00:48:26,080 --> 00:48:30,120
积极倡导保护这些鸟类。
arguing passionately for the conservation of these birds.
653
00:48:31,640 --> 00:48:34,160
这些倡议正逐渐
And these arguments are gaining traction
654
00:48:34,280 --> 00:48:36,360
推动改变。
and causing change.
655
00:48:47,680 --> 00:48:51,160
天啊，你们看到了吗？
Oh, my God, do you guys see it?
656
00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:54,000
是只带追踪器的鸟！
Oh, it's a transmitter bird!
657
00:48:54,120 --> 00:48:57,360
从西伯利亚回来了！
It's back from Siberia.
658
00:48:57,480 --> 00:49:02,720
这只雌鸟在西伯利亚待了三周半，
It's a female that spent three and a half weeks in Siberia,
659
00:49:02,840 --> 00:49:05,440
刚好证明它
just enough time to show us
660
00:49:05,560 --> 00:49:08,800
成功完成了繁殖。
that she was successfully reproducing.
661
00:49:08,920 --> 00:49:11,240
太棒了！
Oh, this is so great!
662
00:49:11,360 --> 00:49:13,400
耶！
Yah!
663
00:49:13,520 --> 00:49:16,480
整个南半球，
All across the southern hemisphere,
664
00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:18,880
滨鸟正陆续归巢。
shorebirds are coming home.
665
00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:29,280
我们可以向鸟儿学习，
We can learn from the birds
666
00:49:29,400 --> 00:49:32,760
因为它们讲述着全球故事。
because they tell a global story.
667
00:49:32,880 --> 00:49:36,960
它们诉说着世界面临的困境。
They tell a story that the world has troubles.
668
00:49:37,080 --> 00:49:39,560
我们真该倾听它们的声音。
And we should actually listen to them.
669
00:49:44,080 --> 00:49:47,360
滨鸟为长途飞行进化得近乎完美，
Shorebirds are incredibly well evolved
670
00:49:47,480 --> 00:49:48,760
但它们所处的世界
for these flights.
671
00:49:48,880 --> 00:49:50,960
正飞速改变。
But the world that they're doing this in
672
00:49:51,080 --> 00:49:53,160
如果我们不改变看待自身
is changing very quickly.
673
00:49:53,280 --> 00:49:56,120
与土地关系的方式，
If we don't change the way we see ourselves
674
00:49:56,240 --> 00:50:00,520
终将失去它们。
and the land that we live in, we'll lose them.
675
00:50:00,640 --> 00:50:02,920
某种意义上，我们就像一个鸟群，
In a sense, we're kind of a flock,
676
00:50:03,040 --> 00:50:04,440
都是整体的一部分。
we're all part of the same thing.