1  
00:00:05,900 --> 00:00:09,233  
横跨两国边境的，是世界上最著名的瀑布  
Stradling two countries is the most famous waterfall  

2  
00:00:09,233 --> 00:00:11,733  
尼亚加拉大瀑布。  
in the world,  

3  
00:00:11,733 --> 00:00:15,166  
每秒有超过3000吨的水  
where every second, over 3,000 tons of water  

4  
00:00:15,166 --> 00:00:17,133  
从悬崖边缘倾泻而下。  
flow over the edge.  

5  
00:00:18,466 --> 00:00:21,766  
这壮观的景象吸引着无数游客  
It's an epic sight that keeps tourists coming  

6  
00:00:21,766 --> 00:00:25,600  
前来体验尼亚加拉大瀑布的震撼。  
to experience Niagara Falls.  

7  
00:00:25,600 --> 00:00:28,066  
你会感觉自己如同  
You feel like a tiny little speck  

8  
00:00:28,066 --> 00:00:30,333  
浩瀚水雾中的一粒微尘。  
in the water that surrounds you.  

9  
00:00:31,533 --> 00:00:33,566  
这些瀑布是地球上  
These falls are central to what is  

10  
00:00:33,566 --> 00:00:36,733  
最大淡水系统的核心所在。  
the largest freshwater system on Earth.  

11  
00:00:38,600 --> 00:00:43,533  
在这里，你能发现拇指大小的微型水生猎手  
Here you'll find tiny water hunters the size of your thumb  

12  
00:00:43,533 --> 00:00:46,666  
和从裸岩中生长的古树。  
and ancient trees that grow from bare rock.  

13  
00:00:48,566 --> 00:00:50,833  
这片被众多树木视为家园的栖息地  
The habitat that many of the trees call home  

14  
00:00:50,833 --> 00:00:54,200  
恍若魔幻仙境。  
is just such a magical area of scenery.  

15  
00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:57,200  
来认识这些地方的守护者...  
Meet the guardians of these places...  

16  
00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:00,433  
当你潜入水中时，有时会感觉自己像在飞翔。 
As you dive, it feels at times like you're flying.  

17  
00:01:03,133 --> 00:01:06,100  
并探索尼亚加拉大瀑布  
And discover the geological wonder  

18  
00:01:06,100 --> 00:01:08,133  
这一地质奇观。  
of Niagara Falls.  

19  
00:01:58,033 --> 00:02:01,400  
春天是无数新故事的开始。  
Spring is the beginning of many new tales.  

20  
00:02:02,900 --> 00:02:05,966  
在这锯齿状的海岸线边，  
And here, along the jagged shoreline,  

21  
00:02:05,966 --> 00:02:08,500  
新的故事正在书写。  
new stories are being written.  

22  
00:02:10,366 --> 00:02:14,133  
成千上万的环嘴鸥紧密聚集在  
Thousands of ring-billed gulls are packed tightly together  

23  
00:02:14,133 --> 00:02:15,966  
河流边缘。  
at the edge of the river.  

24  
00:02:20,233 --> 00:02:23,066  
它们来到这里只有一个目的。  
And they're here for a single reason.  

25  
00:02:30,500 --> 00:02:34,000  
各个年龄段的家庭刚开始它们的季节。  
Families of all ages are just beginning their season.  

26  
00:02:36,066 --> 00:02:38,500  
有些雏鸟才出生几天...  
Some are days old...  

27  
00:02:40,166 --> 00:02:42,833  
有些则刚来到世上几分钟。  
while others are just minutes old.  

28  
00:02:45,666 --> 00:02:48,100  
这些雏鸟降生在一个  
These chicks are born into a world  

29  
00:02:48,100 --> 00:02:50,433  
永远笼罩在雾气与狂风中的世界。  
of perpetual mist and wind.  

30  
00:02:56,233 --> 00:02:58,433  
这是个艰难的起点。  
It's a tough beginning.  

31  
00:02:58,433 --> 00:03:02,366  
而这位新手妈妈让事情变得更不容易。  
And this first-time mom isn't making things any easier.  

32  
00:03:05,466 --> 00:03:09,766  
但安全感是最重要的。  
But feeling safe and secure is the most important thing.  

33  
00:03:12,233 --> 00:03:15,300  
当你的家园坐落于  
Crucial when your home lies in the shadow  

34  
00:03:15,300 --> 00:03:18,100  
世界最著名瀑布的阴影下时更是如此。  
of the world's most iconic waterfall.  

35  
00:03:33,633 --> 00:03:38,966  
尼亚加拉大瀑布是大自然最伟大的力量展示之一。  
Niagara Falls is one of nature's greatest displays of might.  

36  
00:03:47,466 --> 00:03:52,433  
高达180多英尺的水墙倾泻而下...  
A towering wall of water plunging over 180 feet...  

37  
00:03:55,066 --> 00:04:00,566  
每秒水量足以填满一个奥林匹克规格的游泳池。  
enough to fill an Olympic-size swimming pool every second.  

38  
00:04:00,566 --> 00:04:04,466  
尼亚加拉并非单一瀑布，而是由3座瀑布组成，  
Niagara isn't one waterfall, but 3,  

39  
00:04:04,466 --> 00:04:08,733  
横亘在加拿大与美国边境。  
spanning the border between Canada and the United States.  

40  
00:04:18,933 --> 00:04:23,433  
尼亚加拉河由五大湖中的四个湖泊供水，  
The Niagara River is powered by 4 of the 5 Great Lakes,  

41  
00:04:23,433 --> 00:04:27,700  
是连接伊利湖与安大略湖的重要动脉。  
a vital artery connecting Lake Erie to Lake Ontario.  

42  
00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:34,766  
它是地球上最大淡水生态系统的心脏...  
It is the heartbeat of the largest freshwater ecosystem on Earth...  

43  
00:04:34,766 --> 00:04:38,266  
面积比得克萨斯州更广阔  
bigger than the state of Texas  

44  
00:04:38,266 --> 00:04:40,766  
且比石油更珍贵。  
and more precious than oil.  

45  
00:04:42,266 --> 00:04:46,500  
这里是生长于岩石上的远古森林的家园...  
It is home to ancient forests that grow from stone...  

46  
00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:51,733  
拇指大小的微型猎手...  
tiny hunters no bigger than your thumb...  

47  
00:04:54,166 --> 00:04:56,433  
以及数百万依赖这片丰沛水域  
and millions of migratory birds  

48  
00:04:56,433 --> 00:05:00,300  
生存的候鸟。  
that depend on this wealth of water for their survival.  

49  
00:05:16,466 --> 00:05:21,433  
对这些海鸥而言，尼亚加拉大瀑布不仅是家园，  
For these gulls, Niagara Falls is not only their home,  

50  
00:05:21,433 --> 00:05:23,466  
更是猎场。  
but their hunting grounds.  

51  
00:05:27,066 --> 00:05:29,166  
在瀑布边缘，  
Along the edge of the falls,  

52  
00:05:29,166 --> 00:05:32,433  
它们对小鱼发起空袭。  
they levy an aerial assault on small fish.  

53  
00:05:37,333 --> 00:05:42,100  
在此谋生需要做出大胆选择。  
Making a living here means making bold choices.  

54  
00:05:53,733 --> 00:05:55,933  
汹涌的水流力量  
The violent power of the current  

55  
00:05:55,933 --> 00:05:59,600  
能迅速吞没最老练的猎手。  
can quickly overwhelm even the most seasoned hunter.  

56  
00:06:14,866 --> 00:06:18,066  
要生存，这些幼雏必须成为  
To survive, these young chicks must become  

57  
00:06:18,066 --> 00:06:20,166  
天空的主宰。  
masters of the skies.  

58  
00:06:20,166 --> 00:06:23,733  
或至少保持平衡。  
Or, at the very least, keep their balance.  

59  
00:06:26,266 --> 00:06:28,300  
这些蹒跚学步是它们  
These awkward steps are their first  

60  
00:06:28,300 --> 00:06:31,466  
迈向独立的第一步。  
on the road to independence.  

61  
00:06:31,466 --> 00:06:35,666  
约一个月后，它们就将自力更生。  
In just a month or so, they'll be on their own.  

62  
00:06:40,866 --> 00:06:43,200  
海鸥栖息的悬崖  
The cliffs that these gulls call home  

63  
00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:46,366  
属于更宏大的地理特征。  
are part of a much larger geographical feature.  

64  
00:06:51,500 --> 00:06:54,666  
尼亚加拉悬崖是绵延近千英里  
The Niagara Escarpment is a massive cliff face  

65  
00:06:54,666 --> 00:06:57,433  
的巨大岩壁。  
nearly a thousand miles long.  

66  
00:06:59,033 --> 00:07:02,166  
它从尼亚加拉大瀑布延伸，  
It stretches from Niagara Falls,  

67  
00:07:02,166 --> 00:07:04,166  
穿越加拿大...  
across into Canada...  

68  
00:07:06,500 --> 00:07:09,466  
沿威斯康星州东缘而下，  
and down the eastern edge of Wisconsin,  

69  
00:07:09,466 --> 00:07:15,466  
环绕伊利湖、休伦湖和密歇根湖。  
encompassing Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and Lake Michigan.  

70  
00:07:26,133 --> 00:07:29,533  
其起源故事要追溯到  
The story of its origins began long ago  

71  
00:07:29,533 --> 00:07:32,366  
地球大部分被海洋覆盖的时期。  
when the world was mostly water.  

72  
00:07:41,666 --> 00:07:44,566  
我与五大湖和尼亚加拉悬崖  
I have a special family and cultural connection  

73  
00:07:44,566 --> 00:07:46,866  
有着特殊的家族与文化联系，  
to the Great Lakes and the Niagara Escarpment,  

74  
00:07:46,866 --> 00:07:50,533  
这里是我们整个地区的脊梁。  
which is really the backbone of our whole region.  

75  
00:07:50,533 --> 00:07:53,566  
它定义了一切——从地貌景观  
It defines everything from how everything looks  

76  
00:07:53,566 --> 00:07:57,033  
到生态系统，从地形移动方式  
to the ecology to how you move on the landscape  

77  
00:07:57,033 --> 00:07:59,533  
到跨越地域的途径。  
to how you cross places.  

78  
00:07:59,533 --> 00:08:02,466  
珍娜·麦奎尔是科学插画家  
Jenna McGuire is a scientific illustrator  

79  
00:08:02,466 --> 00:08:04,433  
与深时探索者。  
and explorer of deep time.  

80  
00:08:04,433 --> 00:08:07,700  
这是封存在岩石中的生态系统，  
This is an ecosystem preserved in stone,  

81  
00:08:07,700 --> 00:08:09,766  
那片泥滩区域。  
that mudflat area.  

82  
00:08:09,766 --> 00:08:12,333  
这看起来更像礁石结构。  
This looks a little bit more like a reef structure.  

83  
00:08:12,333 --> 00:08:14,400  
珍娜（画外音）：这里不只有零星动物  
Jenna, voice-over: It's not just the odd bit of animal  

84  
00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:16,666  
或陷在泥里的个别生物。  
or the odd thing that's fallen in the mud somewhere.  

85  
00:08:16,666 --> 00:08:19,700  
这是珊瑚和小腕足动物。  
Here is a coral and a little brachiopod.  

86  
00:08:19,700 --> 00:08:23,166  
整片生态系统都凝结在这岩石中。  
An entire ecosystem is represented in this rock.  

87  
00:08:24,366 --> 00:08:26,966  
冰川融水的冲刷  
Carved away by glacial meltwater,  

88  
00:08:26,966 --> 00:08:29,600  
使尼亚加拉悬崖成为  
the Niagara Escarpment is the exposed edge  

89  
00:08:29,600 --> 00:08:32,300  
四亿三千万年前  
of a fossilized sea that existed  

90  
00:08:32,300 --> 00:08:36,833  
古海洋化石层的裸露断面。  
some 430 million years ago.  

91  
00:08:36,833 --> 00:08:40,300  
构成这道巨大悬崖的白云岩  
The very dolostone that forms this massive cliff  

92  
00:08:40,300 --> 00:08:43,200  
由无数生物遗骸  
is made from thousands of living organisms  

93  
00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:44,900  
石化而成。  
turned into stone.  

94  
00:08:46,733 --> 00:08:51,066  
这是镶嵌在悬崖岩层中的  
Here's a great example of a bed of brachiopods  

95  
00:08:51,066 --> 00:08:53,033  
腕足动物群化石范例。  
built right into the escarpment.  

96  
00:08:53,033 --> 00:08:55,800  
构成尼亚加拉悬崖的  
So, all of the organisms that make up  

97  
00:08:55,800 --> 00:08:58,666  
生物群落常以化石形态存在。  
the Niagara Escarpment can often be found as fossils.  

98  
00:08:58,666 --> 00:09:02,066  
这是典型的腕足动物化石。  
And here's a good example of what brachiopods look like.  

99  
00:09:02,066 --> 00:09:04,600  
它们像蛤蜊或贻贝的贝壳，  
They look like seashells, like a clam or mussel,  

100  
00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:06,866  
但实为完全不同的物种。  
but they're a different animal altogether.  

101  
00:09:06,866 --> 00:09:12,433  
这是鱿鱼壳的外模化石。  
And then here's a cast of the outside of a squid shell.  

102  
00:09:12,433 --> 00:09:14,533  
四亿三千万年前，  
430 million years ago,  

103  
00:09:14,533 --> 00:09:18,700  
该区域位于赤道以南仅几度。  
this region was just a few degrees south of the equator.  

104  
00:09:18,700 --> 00:09:22,466  
清澈温暖的海水  
The clear, warm water would have been ideal  

105  
00:09:22,466 --> 00:09:26,600  
是珊瑚礁及其生态系统的理想环境。  
for coral reefs and the diversity of life they supported.  

106  
00:09:26,600 --> 00:09:28,400  
今天我们所在之处，  
Where we're sitting today,  

107  
00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:30,233  
若带上潜水装备，  
if we had our snorkel and our swimming gear,  

108  
00:09:30,233 --> 00:09:34,200  
将置身于美丽的热带珊瑚礁。  
we would be on a beautiful tropical reef.  

109  
00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:35,900  
非常非常炎热。  
Very, very hot.  

110  
00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:40,366  
形成尼亚加拉悬崖的礁体  
The reef that built the Niagara Escarpment is very similar  

111  
00:09:40,366 --> 00:09:43,333  
与现今澳大利亚大堡礁极为相似。  
to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia today.  

112  
00:09:43,333 --> 00:09:45,700  
这里曾有五彩斑斓的珊瑚...  
And there would be all kinds of colorful corals...  

113  
00:09:51,100 --> 00:09:53,400  
喷射游弋的鱿鱼...  
squid squirting through the water...  

114  
00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:57,233  
海绵...  
sponges...  

115  
00:09:57,233 --> 00:09:59,166  
正如现代珊瑚礁所见，  
just like we see today on a coral reef,  

116  
00:09:59,166 --> 00:10:01,000  
只是缺少某些生物——  
only a few creatures are missing  

117  
00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:02,766  
因为它们尚未进化出现。  
because they hadn't evolved yet.  

118  
00:10:08,033 --> 00:10:11,400  
珍娜复原了部分古礁石  
Jenna has re-created a portion of this ancient reef  

119  
00:10:11,400 --> 00:10:14,200  
以更精确绘制  
to help her more accurately render the organisms  

120  
00:10:14,200 --> 00:10:16,266  
曾栖息于此的生物。  
that inhabited this world.  

121  
00:10:18,033 --> 00:10:20,400  
在这志留纪的远古海洋中，  
In these ancient Silurian oceans,  

122  
00:10:20,400 --> 00:10:22,533  
顶级掠食者并非鲨鱼——  
the top predator wasn't sharks.  

123  
00:10:22,533 --> 00:10:24,666  
它们尚未演化成型。  
They hadn't evolved yet.  

124  
00:10:24,666 --> 00:10:28,533  
而是带壳的大型鱿鱼。  
It would have been things like large, shelled squid.  

125  
00:10:28,533 --> 00:10:30,500  
巨型带壳头足类动物  
Giant shelled cephalopods  

126  
00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:33,933  
巡游浅海，猎食三叶虫  
patrolled the shallow seas hunting trilobites  

127  
00:10:33,933 --> 00:10:37,000  
并撬开腕足动物的外壳。  
and prying brachiopods from their shells.  

128  
00:10:41,033 --> 00:10:45,533  
经过演化，这些头足类逐渐褪去外壳  
Over time, these cephalopods would lose their shells  

129  
00:10:45,533 --> 00:10:49,400  
成为今日我们所知的鱿鱼与章鱼。  
and become the squids and octopuses we know today.  

130  
00:10:51,133 --> 00:10:54,533  
但志留纪海洋最可怕的掠食者  
But perhaps the greatest predators of the Silurian Sea  

131  
00:10:54,533 --> 00:10:56,600  
当属巨型海蝎。  
were the giant sea scorpions.

132  
00:10:56,600 --> 00:11:00,333  
有些体长甚至超过人类身高，  
Some grew to be longer than a human is tall,  

133  
00:11:00,333 --> 00:11:03,000  
堪称有史以来最庞大的  
so they were actually some of the biggest arthropods  

134  
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:04,266  
节肢动物之一。
that ever lived.  

135  
00:11:06,166 --> 00:11:09,033  
海蝎曾潜行于形成尼亚加拉悬崖的  
Sea scorpions stalked the very coral reefs  

136  
00:11:09,033 --> 00:11:11,733  
珊瑚礁群中。  
that formed the Niagara Escarpment.  

137  
00:11:15,833 --> 00:11:17,733  
珍娜的每一笔描绘，  
With every brushstroke,  

138  
00:11:17,733 --> 00:11:21,633  
都在唤醒那个消逝的世界。  
Jenna brings to life a world that once was.  

139  
00:11:21,633 --> 00:11:25,700  
一个生机勃勃的动物群落化作了永恒石壁。  
A thriving community of animals turned into stone.  

140  
00:11:30,366 --> 00:11:32,666  
地表可见的尼亚加拉悬崖  
Only a portion of the Niagara Escarpment  

141  
00:11:32,666 --> 00:11:34,833  
仅是冰山一角，  
can be seen from above,  

142  
00:11:34,833 --> 00:11:37,100  
其余部分深藏水下。  
the rest lies far below.  

143  
00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:42,133  
萨姆·斯凯尔顿在伊利湖畔长大，  
Sam Skelton has grown up on the shores of Lake Erie  

144  
00:11:42,133 --> 00:11:43,766  
大半生都在探索  
and has spent most of his life  

145  
00:11:43,766 --> 00:11:46,500  
五大湖的深邃水域。  
probing the depths of the Great Lakes.  

146  
00:11:46,500 --> 00:11:50,066  
长期与这些水域相伴，  
Over time, being around these bodies of water so much,  

147  
00:11:50,066 --> 00:11:53,266  
你会开始好奇水下世界的模样。  
you start to wonder what it's like underneath the water.  

148  
00:11:55,700 --> 00:11:58,233  
这是萨姆首次沿布鲁斯半岛尖端的  
This is Sam's first dive along the edge  

149  
00:11:58,233 --> 00:11:59,766  
尼亚加拉悬崖边缘  
of the Niagara Escarpment  

150  
00:11:59,766 --> 00:12:01,966  
进行潜水探索。  
at the tip of the Bruce Peninsula.  

151  
00:12:03,533 --> 00:12:06,633  
当你在悬崖潜游时，  
As you dive the escarpment, you can imagine  

152  
00:12:06,633 --> 00:12:10,000  
可以想象尼亚加拉瀑布下的景象。  
what it looks like underneath Niagara Falls.  

153  
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:17,233  
清澈水域与巨型岩壁之间，  
Between the clarity and the magnitude of these rocks,  

154  
00:12:17,233 --> 00:12:19,866  
常让人产生翱翔的错觉。  
it feels at times like you're flying.  

155  
00:12:21,400 --> 00:12:24,433  
地表可见的悬崖部分  
The visible portion of the escarpment above ground  

156  
00:12:24,433 --> 00:12:27,066  
仅是整体的一小部分。  
is only a fraction of the whole.  

157  
00:12:27,066 --> 00:12:30,100  
某些区域悬崖深度  
In places, the escarpment reaches a depth  

158  
00:12:30,100 --> 00:12:32,533  
超过600英尺，  
of over 600 feet,  

159  
00:12:32,533 --> 00:12:35,766  
是尼亚加拉瀑布高度的4倍。  
4 times the size of Niagara Falls.  

160  
00:12:35,766 --> 00:12:38,966  
当你靠近这座巍峨悬崖时，  
You come up to this massive, striking cliff,  

161  
00:12:38,966 --> 00:12:41,000  
会发现岩壁上有个洞口，  
and then there's just a hole in the wall,  

162  
00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:42,566  
游近观察，  
and you swim up to it,  

163  
00:12:42,566 --> 00:12:44,866  
可见内部隧道纵横。  
and you see that there's these tunnels.  

164  
00:12:44,866 --> 00:12:47,233  
这座悬崖是由水流持续冲刷形成的  
The escarpment is a labyrinth of caves  

165  
00:12:47,233 --> 00:12:49,933  
洞穴与狭窄通道  
and narrow passageways carved away  

166  
00:12:49,933 --> 00:12:52,166  
构成的迷宫。
by the relentless force of water.  

167  
00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:56,133  
穿过逼仄隧道时，  
You go through this tight tunnel,  

168  
00:12:56,133 --> 00:12:58,533  
会感到幽闭恐惧。  
and it gets claustrophobic.  

169  
00:12:58,533 --> 00:13:00,833  
氧气罐蹭着顶部岩壁，  
Your tank scraping up on the top.  

170  
00:13:02,733 --> 00:13:05,900  
腹部紧贴底部前行。  
Your belly is going against the bottom.  

171  
00:13:05,900 --> 00:13:08,900  
随后豁然开朗进入巨大洞厅，  
And then it opens up into this massive room,  

172  
00:13:08,900 --> 00:13:11,500  
半水半陆的空间  
half under water, half above water,  

173  
00:13:11,500 --> 00:13:14,066  
犹如置身两座摩天大楼之间。  
like you're between two giant buildings.  

174  
00:13:19,133 --> 00:13:21,533  
其规模令人震撼。  
The scale is really striking.  

175  
00:13:25,233 --> 00:13:27,866  
此刻侵蚀悬崖的水流，  
The very same water that erodes away  

176  
00:13:27,866 --> 00:13:31,533  
正是200英里外  
the escarpment here powers the mighty Niagara Falls  

177  
00:13:31,533 --> 00:13:33,933  
尼亚加拉瀑布的动力源泉。  
some 200 miles away.  

178  
00:13:42,166 --> 00:13:44,500  
尼亚加拉河不仅是  
The Niagara River is not only the engine  

179  
00:13:44,500 --> 00:13:46,600  
瀑布的引擎，  
that drives the falls,  

180  
00:13:46,600 --> 00:13:50,133  
更是庞大湿地生态系统的能量之源。  
but the power behind a vast wetland ecosystem.  

181  
00:13:53,933 --> 00:13:57,100  
尼亚加拉河廊道遍布  
The Niagara River corridor is full of places  

182  
00:13:57,100 --> 00:13:59,900  
水陆过渡地带，  
that allow for the transition zone from water  

183  
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:03,966  
滋养着繁茂的动植物群落。  
onto land where plants and wildlife thrive.  

184  
00:14:05,166 --> 00:14:08,100  
对水生生态学家马库斯·罗斯滕而言，  
For aquatic ecologist Marcus Rosten,  

185  
00:14:08,100 --> 00:14:12,966  
这些湿地蕴藏着大小不一的奥秘。  
these wetlands hold secrets both large and small.  

186  
00:14:14,900 --> 00:14:17,633  
伊利湖东端至尼亚加拉河廊道  
The entire eastern end of Lake Erie,  

187  
00:14:17,633 --> 00:14:20,000  
历史上曾是  
going into the Niagara River corridor,  

188  
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:23,200  
水生生物的天堂——  
was historically a shallow water marsh  

189  
00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:27,566  
一片浅水沼泽。  
that was an aquatic heaven for wildlife that lives here.  

190  
00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:32,500  
这是美洲牛蛙，  
So, this is an American bullfrog,  

191  
00:14:32,500 --> 00:14:36,900  
纽约州体型最大的蛙类，  
the largest frog species in New York state,  

192  
00:14:36,900 --> 00:14:39,966  
也是尼亚加拉河廊道的蛙中之王。  
the largest frog species in the Niagara River corridor.  

193  
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,733  
湿地是地球上生产力最高、  
Wetlands are among the most productive  

194  
00:14:45,733 --> 00:14:48,566  
多样性最丰富的生态系统之一。  
and diverse ecosystems on Earth.  

195  
00:14:51,433 --> 00:14:54,266  
每种动物都在维系  
Every animal plays a role in maintaining  

196  
00:14:54,266 --> 00:14:57,366  
这个脆弱系统的平衡。  
the balance of this delicate system.  

197  
00:14:57,366 --> 00:15:01,500  
当你真正深入湿地时会发现，  
What you see when you really dive into a wetland  

198  
00:15:01,500 --> 00:15:04,200  
水面之下蕴藏着  
is that there is a rainforest-like  

199  
00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:06,833  
雨林般的蓬勃生机。  
breath of life beneath that surface.  

200  
00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:29,133  
这些繁荣的湿地吸引着  
These thriving wetlands attract  

201  
00:15:29,133 --> 00:15:31,466  
某些独特的掠食者。  
some unusual predators.  

202  
00:15:33,733 --> 00:15:35,200  
这是水鼩，  
It's a water shrew,  

203  
00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:36,933  
一种体型不超过拇指大小的  
a tiny insectivore  

204  
00:15:36,933 --> 00:15:39,066  
食虫小兽。  
no bigger than your thumb.  

205  
00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:46,200  
但别被它的体型迷惑。  
But don't be fooled by its size.  

206  
00:15:46,200 --> 00:15:50,100  
水鼩堪称湿地界的猎豹。  
Water shrews are the cheetahs of the wetlands.  

207  
00:15:57,766 --> 00:16:00,466  
水鼩拥有潜水哺乳动物中  
Water shrews have the highest metabolism  

208  
00:16:00,466 --> 00:16:01,933  
最高的代谢率。  
of any diving mammal.  

209  
00:16:03,966 --> 00:16:07,466  
它们很少能坚持几小时不进食。  
They seldom go more than a few hours without a meal.  

210  
00:16:09,033 --> 00:16:12,466  
这只水鼩已整晨未进食。  
And this shrew hasn't eaten all morning.  

211  
00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:20,933  
溪流边缘有些残羹冷炙，  
The edge of the stream provides some rewards,  

212  
00:16:20,933 --> 00:16:23,266  
但昆虫尸体远不能满足  
but he'll need more than an insect carcass  

213  
00:16:23,266 --> 00:16:26,466  
它的胃口。  
to satisfy his appetite.  

214  
00:16:26,466 --> 00:16:31,000  
最爱的美餐藏在水面之下。  
His favorite meals are found just below the water's surface.  

215  
00:16:39,800 --> 00:16:42,866  
作为地球上最小的潜水哺乳动物，  
As the smallest diving mammal on Earth,  

216  
00:16:42,866 --> 00:16:46,700  
它的捕猎仅持续数秒。  
hunting for this shrew lasts just a few seconds.  

217  
00:16:51,533 --> 00:16:54,500  
但水下的猎杀过程堪称奇迹。  
But what happens underwater is remarkable.  

218  
00:16:55,866 --> 00:16:57,566  
由于视力不佳，  
Because of his poor eyesight,  

219  
00:16:57,566 --> 00:17:00,733  
它必须依赖复杂的捕猎策略。  
he must rely on a complex hunting strategy.  

220  
00:17:02,733 --> 00:17:05,700  
它扫描水面侦测最细微的  
He scans the surface to detect the slightest break  

221  
00:17:05,700 --> 00:17:07,700  
水纹波动。  
in the water.  

222  
00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:13,533  
接着在底部搜寻，  
Then he forages along the bottom,  

223  
00:17:13,533 --> 00:17:15,866  
试图惊动猎物。  
trying to shake loose his prey.  

224  
00:17:22,333 --> 00:17:25,066  
当长须感知到动静，  
When his long whiskers detect movement,  

225  
00:17:25,066 --> 00:17:26,833  
立即展开追击。  
he gives chase.  

226  
00:17:29,566 --> 00:17:32,000  
螯虾颇为狡猾。  
Crayfish can be elusive.  

227  
00:17:34,566 --> 00:17:37,400  
体型也有它的一半大。  
And they're also half his size.  

228  
00:17:39,833 --> 00:17:43,566  
但凭借十倍于人类的反应速度...  
But with reflexes 10 times faster than our own...  

229  
00:17:47,333 --> 00:17:49,700  
它终能占据上风。  
he eventually outpaces them.  

230  
00:18:01,233 --> 00:18:04,300  
行动迟缓的猎物如蜻蜓幼虫，  
Slower prey, like these dragonfly nymphs  

231  
00:18:04,300 --> 00:18:06,600  
本在伏击自己的美餐，  
waiting in ambush for their own meal,  

232  
00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:09,866  
依靠伪装躲避天敌。  
rely on stealth to remain undetected.  

233  
00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:14,866  
为找出伪装若虫，  
To find the camouflaged nymphs,  

234  
00:18:14,866 --> 00:18:17,966  
它动用罕见绝技——  
he uses a rare superpower--  

235  
00:18:17,966 --> 00:18:21,233  
水下嗅觉追踪能力。  
the ability to sniff out prey underwater.  

236  
00:18:23,700 --> 00:18:26,033  
通过喷射微型气泡，  
By blowing tiny bubbles of air,  

237  
00:18:26,033 --> 00:18:29,233  
它能探测水中气味分子。  
he can detect scent particles in the water.  

238  
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:33,300  
但即便装备如此精良，  
But even with his advanced arsenal,  

239  
00:18:33,300 --> 00:18:35,433  
捕猎常演变成  
hunting often turns into  

240  
00:18:35,433 --> 00:18:38,366  
复杂的捉迷藏游戏。  
an elaborate game of hide and seek.  

241  
00:18:49,566 --> 00:18:52,666  
但一旦水鼩锁定猎物，  
But once a shrew locks onto its prey,  

242  
00:18:52,666 --> 00:18:54,566  
鲜有逃脱者。  
it rarely escapes.  

243  
00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:10,833  
这位精英猎手常能制服两倍于己的猎物。  
This elite predator often takes down prey twice his size.  

244  
00:19:17,033 --> 00:19:20,833  
此刻它满足于一只若虫，  
But for now, he will settle for a nymph,  

245  
00:19:20,833 --> 00:19:23,333  
至少能撑过几分钟。  
at least for the next few minutes.  

246  
00:19:29,166 --> 00:19:31,666  
水鼩的捕食技能  
The water shrew's predatory skills  

247  
00:19:31,666 --> 00:19:34,066  
有效控制着无脊椎动物数量。  
keep many invertebrates in check.  

248  
00:19:36,933 --> 00:19:40,100  
然而它们的生存空间正急剧萎缩。  
Yet the shrew's world is rapidly shrinking.  

249  
00:19:43,133 --> 00:19:46,500  
尼亚加拉地区近90%的原始湿地  
The Niagara region has lost nearly 90%  

250  
00:19:46,500 --> 00:19:49,566  
已因人类开发消失。  
of its original wetlands to human development.  

251  
00:19:57,700 --> 00:19:59,733  
这种栖息地碎片化威胁着  
And this fragmentation threatens  

252  
00:19:59,733 --> 00:20:03,033  
所有以沼泽为家的生物...  
all who call these marshlands home...  

253  
00:20:04,466 --> 00:20:07,100  
包括最古老的住民之一。  
including one of the most ancient.  

254  
00:20:10,633 --> 00:20:13,433  
鳄龟已栖息湿地九千万年，  
Snapping turtles have haunted our wetlands  

255  
00:20:13,433 --> 00:20:18,066  
几乎未曾改变。  
virtually unchanged for 90 million years.  

256  
00:20:18,066 --> 00:20:21,300  
它们目睹恐龙灭绝、  
They witnessed the extinction of the dinosaurs,  

257  
00:20:21,300 --> 00:20:23,100  
哺乳动物崛起、  
the rise of mammals,  

258  
00:20:23,100 --> 00:20:25,266  
以及塑造五大湖的  
and the recessions of the massive glaciers  

259  
00:20:25,266 --> 00:20:27,566  
冰川消退。  
that created the Great Lakes.  

260  
00:20:29,766 --> 00:20:33,500  
如今却面临漫长历史上  
But today, they are facing the greatest challenge  

261  
00:20:33,500 --> 00:20:35,433  
最严峻的挑战。  
in their long history.

262  
00:20:40,766 --> 00:20:45,033  
春季，成年雌龟离开舒适的池塘  
In spring, mature females leave the comfort of their pond  

263  
00:20:45,033 --> 00:20:48,633  
寻找合适的产卵地。  
in search of a suitable place to lay their eggs.  

264  
00:20:54,033 --> 00:20:56,466  
当这只龟还是幼崽时，  
When this turtle was just a hatchling,  

265  
00:20:56,466 --> 00:20:59,033  
这里曾是一片完整湿地。  
this entire area was wetlands.  

266  
00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:06,666  
如今道路切割着它日益缩小的家园。  
But today, roads transect her shrinking home.  

267  
00:21:10,200 --> 00:21:15,066  
本该寻常的旅程变得危机四伏。  
What should be a routine journey has become a perilous one.  

268  
00:21:22,266 --> 00:21:26,633  
寻找筑巢地的雌龟常被道路吸引。  
Females searching for a nest site are drawn to roads.  

269  
00:21:31,933 --> 00:21:35,800  
路堤旁的砂石混合物  
The mixture of sand and gravel along the embankment  

270  
00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:38,566  
是绝佳的筑巢材料。  
makes the perfect nesting material.  

271  
00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:48,433  
这组合充满危险。  
It's a dangerous combination.  

272  
00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:03,966  
今夜它将产下20至50枚卵。  
Tonight, she will lay between 20 and 50 eggs.  

273  
00:22:11,566 --> 00:22:13,433  
幼龟的命运  
A turtle hatchling's fate  

274  
00:22:13,433 --> 00:22:18,166  
取决于母亲的选址决策...  
depends upon its mother's choice of nest sites...  

275  
00:22:18,166 --> 00:22:22,433  
而这位母亲选择了危险地带。  
and this mother has chosen a precarious location.  

276  
00:22:22,433 --> 00:22:25,166  
每产下1400枚卵，  
For every 1,400 eggs she lays,  

277  
00:22:25,166 --> 00:22:28,366  
仅约1只能活到成年。  
only about one will survive to adulthood.  

278  
00:22:29,733 --> 00:22:33,100  
它能存活至今已是奇迹。  
It's no small miracle that she has survived this long.  

279  
00:22:35,233 --> 00:22:38,933  
但前路充满未知。  
But the road ahead is an uncertain one.  

280  
00:22:53,166 --> 00:22:55,100  
尼亚加拉悬崖对我而言  
The Niagara Escarpment has always represented  

281  
00:22:55,100 --> 00:22:56,933  
始终意义非凡。  
a special place to me.  

282  
00:23:02,933 --> 00:23:05,400  
由于南安大略省  
Because of the widespread development  

283  
00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:08,733  
大范围的城市化发展，  
across most of southern Ontario,  

284  
00:23:08,733 --> 00:23:13,933  
这片悬崖守护着与数百万人口聚居地  
the escarpment has protected a ribbon of wilderness habitat  

285  
00:23:13,933 --> 00:23:15,800  
近在咫尺的  
that is just a stone's throw away  

286  
00:23:15,800 --> 00:23:18,600  
荒野栖息地带。  
from where millions of people reside.  

287  
00:23:24,633 --> 00:23:28,966  
罗恩·古尔德是安大略公园的生物学家，  
Ron Gould is a biologist with Ontario Parks  

288  
00:23:28,966 --> 00:23:32,800  
也是一处圣地的守护者。  
and the guardian of a very special place.  

289  
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:36,300  
珍妮，这里是三王之地，  
This is the Three Kings location, Jenny,  

290  
00:23:36,300 --> 00:23:38,833  
位于这三座巨碗状岩壁之间。  
between these 3 big bowls here.  

291  
00:23:40,366 --> 00:23:44,066  
安大略省最古老的活树生长在  
The oldest living trees in Ontario reside here,  

292  
00:23:44,066 --> 00:23:47,400  
尼亚加拉悬崖的嶙峋峭壁间。  
along the jagged cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment.  

293  
00:23:49,233 --> 00:23:51,966  
罗恩（画外音）：古树栖居的这片生境  
Ron, voice-over: The habitat that many of the trees call home  

294  
00:23:51,966 --> 00:23:54,800  
恍若魔幻仙境。  
is just such a magical area of scenery.  

295  
00:23:57,700 --> 00:24:00,266  
监测古雪松林的工作乐趣，  
A big part of the fun with my job in monitoring  

296  
00:24:00,266 --> 00:24:02,333  
很大程度在于探访途中的  
the ancient Cedar Forest is the journey  

297  
00:24:02,333 --> 00:24:04,366  
重重挑战。  
and the challenges of getting to the trees.  

298  
00:24:14,033 --> 00:24:17,233  
我们现在回到811号树前，  
So, we are back at tree 811,  

299  
00:24:17,233 --> 00:24:20,700  
其萌芽日期为公元701年。  
germination date of 701 AD.  

300  
00:24:20,700 --> 00:24:26,700  
今年它已1322岁高龄。  
So this year it puts it at 1,322 years of age.  

301  
00:24:26,700 --> 00:24:30,366  
这些悬崖住民的生命岌岌可危。  
Life is precarious for these cliff-dwelling elders.  

302  
00:24:30,366 --> 00:24:32,866  
根基的轻微移位  
The slightest shift in their foundation  

303  
00:24:32,866 --> 00:24:34,800  
或上方落石  
or a falling rock from above  

304  
00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:37,733  
都可能终结古柏的生命。  
could mean the end for an ancient cedar.  

305  
00:24:37,733 --> 00:24:39,733  
树干活体组织的大部分周长  
Most of the living circumference of the tree  

306  
00:24:39,733 --> 00:24:42,066  
早已枯死多年，  
has already perished long ago,  

307  
00:24:42,066 --> 00:24:45,300  
但现存活体正遭受  
but some of these living sections are now being impacted  

308  
00:24:45,300 --> 00:24:47,366  
锋利落石的冲击。  
by the sharp falling rocks.  

309  
00:24:48,833 --> 00:24:50,633  
但它们最大的挑战  
But their greatest challenge  

310  
00:24:50,633 --> 00:24:53,300  
始于生命之初。  
is beginning life itself.  

311  
00:25:03,966 --> 00:25:06,300  
罗恩（画外音）：从概率学看，  
Ron, voice-over: The mathematical improbability  

312  
00:25:06,300 --> 00:25:10,066  
一粒成功萌芽的种子  
of having a successfully germinating little seedling  

313  
00:25:10,066 --> 00:25:13,866  
恰好落入岩壁裂缝、  
land in the right crack or fissure  

314  
00:25:13,866 --> 00:25:16,700  
裂隙或窄台上的可能性  
or a little ledge along the cliff face...  

315  
00:25:18,566 --> 00:25:21,100  
说实话令人难以置信。  
is pretty mind-boggling, to be honest.  

316  
00:25:23,300 --> 00:25:25,400  
东部白雪松单株可产生  
Eastern white cedars can generate  

317  
00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:28,500  
多达26万粒种子。  
up to 260,000 seeds.  

318  
00:25:28,500 --> 00:25:32,133  
随风飘散的种子多坠入下方湖泊。  
Scattered by wind, many fall into the lake below.  

319  
00:25:32,133 --> 00:25:37,266  
极少数能寻得萌芽的岩缝。  
A rare seed will find a crack or crevice to germinate in.  

320  
00:25:40,333 --> 00:25:42,000  
罗恩（画外音）：在严酷生长环境下，  
Ron, voice-over: With the harsh growing conditions,  

321  
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:45,566  
面临水分、降水、土壤和养分的匮乏，  
general lack of moisture, precipitation, soil, nutrients,  

322  
00:25:45,566 --> 00:25:47,433  
这些微小幼苗  
those little, tiny seedlings,  

323  
00:25:47,433 --> 00:25:49,666  
即便有幸落在合适位置，  
if they are lucky enough to land in the right spot,  

324  
00:25:49,666 --> 00:25:53,600  
仍需艰难求生。  
really have an uphill slope to climb.  

325  
00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:56,600  
生命最初几年  
The first few years of life are the most critical  

326  
00:25:56,600 --> 00:25:58,100  
是存亡关键。  
for their survival.  

327  
00:26:07,033 --> 00:26:09,333  
罗恩（画外音）：古雪松的故事于我而言  
Ron, voice-over: The ancient cedar story to me  

328  
00:26:09,333 --> 00:26:11,400  
始终诠释着平凡物种  
has always been about just ordinary species  

329  
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:13,666  
创造非凡奇迹的力量。  
being able to do extraordinary things.  

330  
00:26:13,666 --> 00:26:15,833  
年复一年，  
From season to season,  

331  
00:26:15,833 --> 00:26:18,866  
幼树紧抓逐年侵蚀的  
the young trees cling to the bare rock  

332  
00:26:18,866 --> 00:26:21,233  
裸露岩壁生存。  
which is eroding with each passing year.  

333  
00:26:22,566 --> 00:26:25,533  
少数经受严酷考验的雪松  
Those few cedars along the cliff that survive  

334  
00:26:25,533 --> 00:26:30,400  
最终成为千年古木。  
the harsh living conditions have become the ancient ones.  

335  
00:26:32,266 --> 00:26:36,766  
正是与世隔绝的生存环境延续了它们的生命。  
The very inaccessibility of their home has kept them alive.  

336  
00:26:36,766 --> 00:26:39,433  
当殖民者横穿安大略省，  
As settlers marched across Ontario,  

337  
00:26:39,433 --> 00:26:41,866  
伐木建城时，  
logging and building their cities,  

338  
00:26:41,866 --> 00:26:45,966  
这些雪松从未遭受人类染指。  
the cedars remained untouched by human hands.  

339  
00:26:45,966 --> 00:26:50,500  
它们躲过了砍伐地表同类的斧钺，  
They survived the axes that felled their topside cousins,  

340  
00:26:50,500 --> 00:26:54,600  
经受内陆海的狂暴风雨，  
the storms that raged across this inland sea,  

341  
00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:56,033  
在不受干扰的环境中  
and they have thrived,  

342  
00:26:56,033 --> 00:26:59,633  
繁盛千年。  
undisturbed for over a thousand years.  

343  
00:27:12,266 --> 00:27:16,800  
八月初，我们的海鸥幼雏已快速成长。  
It's early August and our gull chicks have grown up fast.  

344  
00:27:18,166 --> 00:27:21,166  
虽然父母仍在投喂，  
Although mom and dad are still serving dinner,  

345  
00:27:21,166 --> 00:27:24,433  
但一周后情况将彻底改变。  
in a week or so that will all change.  

346  
00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:28,300  
一旦幼鸟离巢，  
Once these chicks fledge,  

347  
00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:31,900  
就必须自力更生。  
they'll be off the couch and out of the house.  

348  
00:27:33,766 --> 00:27:36,066  
它们需要自谋生路。  
They're gonna need to find their own meal.  

349  
00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:40,833  
但在此之前，海鸥与人类都在  
But until then, both gulls and people  

350  
00:27:40,833 --> 00:27:44,833  
享受这盛夏时光。  
are taking advantage of these warm summer days.  

351  
00:27:52,900 --> 00:27:54,833  
马库斯（画外音）：当你溯流而上，  
Marcus, voice-over: As you travel upriver,  

352  
00:27:54,833 --> 00:27:57,400  
现代世界仿佛逐渐远去。  
the modern world seems to fall away.  

353  
00:27:57,400 --> 00:28:00,633  
如同穿越时光之旅。  
It feels like a trip back in time.  

354  
00:28:00,633 --> 00:28:03,000  
对马库斯而言，这些夏日  
And for Marcus, these summer days  

355  
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:05,700  
正是感受尼亚加拉大瀑布  
are an opportunity to experience the power  

356  
00:28:05,700 --> 00:28:08,166  
伟力的绝佳时机。  
and majesty of Niagara Falls.  

357  
00:28:08,166 --> 00:28:11,800  
你会感觉自己如同  
You feel like a tiny little speck in the water  

358  
00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:14,233  
浩瀚水雾中的微尘。  
that surrounds you.  

359  
00:28:14,233 --> 00:28:16,700  
马库斯（画外音）：它冲击着你所有的感官。  
Marcus, voice-over: Overwhelms pretty much all of your senses.  

360  
00:28:16,700 --> 00:28:18,933  
让你只能全神贯注于  
You can't do anything but feel like  

361  
00:28:18,933 --> 00:28:21,233  
当下的震撼时刻。  
you're right there in the moment.  

362  
00:28:24,900 --> 00:28:27,700  
每年数百万游客  
And this is true of the millions of visitors  

363  
00:28:27,700 --> 00:28:30,200  
也深有同感。  
that come here every year.  

364  
00:29:02,733 --> 00:29:05,433  
对某些生物而言，夏末标志着  
For some, the end of summer marks  

365  
00:29:05,433 --> 00:29:07,966  
全新篇章的开启。  
the beginning of a whole new chapter.  

366  
00:29:11,066 --> 00:29:13,633  
这篇章始于地底深处  
One that begins with a tiny rumble  

367  
00:29:13,633 --> 00:29:15,666  
细微的躁动。  
just beneath the earth.  

368  
00:29:20,766 --> 00:29:23,100  
过去两个半月里，  
For the past two and a half months,  

369  
00:29:23,100 --> 00:29:27,533  
这些鳄龟宝宝一直在土中孵化。  
these baby snapping turtles have been incubating underground.  

370  
00:29:48,966 --> 00:29:51,633  
这是它们来到地表的第一天，  
It's their first day above ground,  

371  
00:29:51,633 --> 00:29:53,566  
脆弱不堪。  
and they are vulnerable.  

372  
00:29:59,400 --> 00:30:02,133  
柔软的小龟壳  
Their tiny shells are still soft,  

373  
00:30:02,133 --> 00:30:04,400  
使它们易成猎物。  
making them an easy meal.  

374  
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:10,433  
此刻，遵循着  
Now, guided by instinct,  

375  
00:30:10,433 --> 00:30:13,733  
祖先延续数百万年的本能，  
just as their ancestors have done for millions of years,  

376  
00:30:13,733 --> 00:30:16,933  
它们将跋涉半英里以上  
they will journey half a mile or more  

377  
00:30:16,933 --> 00:30:19,233  
寻找池塘或湖泊。  
to reach a pond or lake.  

378  
00:30:26,133 --> 00:30:30,133  
夏末骄阳炙烤着毫无防备的幼龟。  
The late summer sun bears down on the defenseless hatchling.  

379  
00:30:30,133 --> 00:30:33,366  
它必须尽快找到庇护所。  
He must find refuge, and soon.  

380  
00:30:45,066 --> 00:30:46,633  
但问题出现了。  
But there's a problem.  

381  
00:31:01,533 --> 00:31:05,000  
本能驱使它继续前进。  
Instincts are powerful, and he presses forward.  

382  
00:31:33,966 --> 00:31:38,133  
这只幼龟通过了首次重大考验。  
This hatchling has survived his first big test.  

383  
00:31:43,400 --> 00:31:45,366  
在重重险阻下，  
With the odds stacked against them,  

384  
00:31:45,366 --> 00:31:48,466  
仅有少数幼龟能成功抵达水域。  
only a handful of hatchlings make it to water.  

385  
00:31:50,233 --> 00:31:53,600  
这个小池塘将成为它的新家。  
This small pond will become his new home.  

386  
00:31:55,233 --> 00:31:58,133  
但池塘也非安全港湾。  
But even ponds are a dangerous refuge.  

387  
00:31:58,133 --> 00:32:00,866  
在成年之前，  
Until the hatchling reaches adulthood,  

388  
00:32:00,866 --> 00:32:02,966  
它处于食物链底端。  
he's on everyone's menu.  

389  
00:32:05,266 --> 00:32:08,333  
面临诸多威胁的  
With so many threats facing the species,  

390  
00:32:08,333 --> 00:32:12,166  
鳄龟的未来充满变数。  
the future of snapping turtles is a precarious one.

391  
00:32:17,100 --> 00:32:19,333  
盛夏渐入尾声。  
Summer is coming to a close.  

392  
00:32:19,333 --> 00:32:22,533  
植物开始蓄积能量  
Plants are beginning to conserve their energy  

393  
00:32:22,533 --> 00:32:24,833  
以应对严冬。  
for the brutal winter ahead.  

394  
00:32:37,400 --> 00:32:40,600  
秋日提醒着人类  
Autumn is a reminder of our place  

395  
00:32:40,600 --> 00:32:44,633  
在永恒太阳轨道中的位置。  
in this endless journey around the sun.  

396  
00:32:44,633 --> 00:32:49,200  
对珍娜而言，秋天带来全新色彩。  
For Jenna, autumn brings a new pallet of colors.  

397  
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:51,300  
尼亚加拉悬崖顶部的  
The Niagara Escarpment is capped  

398  
00:32:51,300 --> 00:32:55,233  
苍翠森林  
with this beautiful verdant green forest,  

399  
00:32:55,233 --> 00:32:58,900  
在秋季会蜕变为  
but in autumn, that forest alights into yellows  

400  
00:32:58,900 --> 00:33:00,900  
金黄橙红的绚烂。  
and oranges and reds.  

401  
00:33:03,033 --> 00:33:05,433  
同样在林地表层，  
Likewise, down on the forest floor,  

402  
00:33:05,433 --> 00:33:07,833  
各色蘑菇破土而出  
all kinds of mushrooms of every color  

403  
00:33:07,833 --> 00:33:10,533  
点缀着彩叶地毯。  
erupt through those colored leaves.  

404  
00:33:20,866 --> 00:33:23,966  
宛如天地更换盛装。  
And it's just a complete wardrobe change.  

405  
00:33:45,166 --> 00:33:49,500  
金色时节伴随秋雨降临。  
Along with golden hues come autumn rains.  

406  
00:34:05,800 --> 00:34:07,733  
整条悬崖沿线，  
All along the escarpment,  

407  
00:34:07,733 --> 00:34:11,600  
无数溪流因雨水暴涨。  
countless rivers and streams swell with rainwater.  

408  
00:34:13,166 --> 00:34:16,000  
沉睡的瀑布再度苏醒。  
Dormant waterfalls reawaken.  

409  
00:34:22,166 --> 00:34:26,466  
水是塑造这片地域的力量源泉。  
Water is the force that defines the region.  

410  
00:34:26,466 --> 00:34:28,866  
正是水流经年不息的冲刷  
It's this relentless flow of water  

411  
00:34:28,866 --> 00:34:32,233  
孕育了尼亚加拉大瀑布。  
that gave birth to Niagara Falls.  

412  
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,900  
河水缓慢侵蚀悬崖  
The river slowly eroded away the escarpment  

413  
00:34:37,900 --> 00:34:40,033  
形成宏伟峡谷。  
to form the great gorge.  

414  
00:34:40,033 --> 00:34:45,866  
在瀑布现址下游4英里处  
And 4 miles downriver from the fall's current location  

415  
00:34:45,866 --> 00:34:50,000  
存在着名为尼亚加拉漩涡的湍流。  
is a swirling eddy known as the Niagara Whirlpool.  

416  
00:34:53,233 --> 00:34:59,200  
五千年前，大瀑布曾位于此处。  
Less than 5,000 years ago, Niagara Falls stood here.  

417  
00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:02,000  
随着水流持续侵蚀岩壁，  
As water erodes away the escarpment,  

418  
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:06,633  
瀑布以每年一英尺的速度向上游移动。  
the falls continue to move, one foot per year.  

419  
00:35:13,733 --> 00:35:16,933  
当林间开始落叶纷飞时...  
By the time leaves start dropping from the trees...  

420  
00:35:19,100 --> 00:35:22,533  
寒冬已叩响秋日的门扉。  
winter is already knocking at autumn's door.  

421  
00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:53,033  
瀑布周边的岩石树木披上冰雾铠甲。  
Rocks and trees around the falls are enveloped in frozen mist.  

422  
00:35:59,033 --> 00:36:02,166  
冬季正式降临尼亚加拉。  
Winter has arrived to Niagara.  

423  
00:36:09,633 --> 00:36:11,766  
整个尼亚加拉地区，  
Across the Niagara region,  

424  
00:36:11,766 --> 00:36:15,000  
冰雪开始主宰大地。  
snow and ice are beginning to take hold.  

425  
00:36:40,166 --> 00:36:43,066  
家园急速封冻之际，  
With his home quickly freezing over,  

426  
00:36:43,066 --> 00:36:46,633  
这只河狸必须争分夺秒。  
this beaver has little time to waste.  

427  
00:36:59,400 --> 00:37:01,933  
它的忙碌引来  
His busy work has attracted the attention  

428  
00:37:01,933 --> 00:37:04,200  
好奇的旁观者...  
of some curious onlookers...  

429  
00:37:07,333 --> 00:37:10,433  
一窝北美水獭。  
a family of river otters.  

430  
00:37:10,433 --> 00:37:13,166  
它们正渴求娱乐。  
And they are starved for entertainment.  

431  
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:19,866  
但河狸无暇参与幼稚游戏。  
But this beaver has no time for their childish games.  

432  
00:37:19,866 --> 00:37:23,033  
它要为严冬做足准备。  
He's planning ahead for the worst of winter.  

433  
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:29,500  
河狸不冬眠，  
Beavers don't hibernate,  

434  
00:37:29,500 --> 00:37:32,100  
必须储备足够食物  
so he must pack away enough food to last him  

435  
00:37:32,100 --> 00:37:34,300  
熬过苦寒岁月。  
through the bitter months ahead.  

436  
00:37:41,766 --> 00:37:44,900  
河狸的粮仓位于池塘底部。  
The beaver's pantry is at the bottom of the pond.  

437  
00:37:47,266 --> 00:37:49,600  
待池塘完全封冻后，  
Once the pond has frozen solid,  

438  
00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:53,633  
它能潜至"地下室"快速进食。  
he can slip down to the basement for a quick snack.  

439  
00:37:59,666 --> 00:38:03,933  
很快河狸就将安然栖身巢穴。  
Soon the beaver will be safely tucked away in his lodge.  

440  
00:38:06,900 --> 00:38:10,366  
而这群喧闹家伙的旺季才刚开始。  
But this rowdy bunch is just beginning their season.  

441  
00:38:16,566 --> 00:38:19,500  
水獭在冰水中如鱼得水。  
Otters are at home in these frigid waters.  

442  
00:38:19,500 --> 00:38:23,600  
冰钓是它们的种族天赋。  
And ice fishing is in their blood.  

443  
00:38:32,566 --> 00:38:35,433  
单是这个水獭家族消耗的鱼量  
This family alone will consume enough fish  

444  
00:38:35,433 --> 00:38:38,133  
足以清空小型海鲜市场。  
to clean out a small seafood market.  

445  
00:38:40,300 --> 00:38:43,266  
邻居们所剩无几。  
And that doesn't leave much for the neighbors.  

446  
00:38:51,100 --> 00:38:53,500  
今日多云有雪。  
Cloudy skies with flurries today.  

447  
00:38:53,500 --> 00:38:55,666  
积雪量达3英寸。  
Total accumulations of 3 inches.  

448  
00:38:55,666 --> 00:38:57,166  
夜间最低气温15华氏度。  
Tonight's low near 15.  

449  
00:38:57,166 --> 00:39:00,366  
当前温度28华氏度。  
It's currently 28 degrees.  

450  
00:39:00,366 --> 00:39:03,033  
气温骤降正是  
The sudden drop in temperature is exactly  

451  
00:39:03,033 --> 00:39:05,066  
马库斯期待的讯号...  
what Marcus has been waiting for...  

452  
00:39:07,300 --> 00:39:12,066  
观鸟黄金季已然来临。  
a signal that peak birding season has arrived.  

453  
00:39:12,066 --> 00:39:15,633  
我很幸运住在尼亚加拉河畔，  
I'm lucky to live right near the Niagara River,  

454  
00:39:15,633 --> 00:39:17,733  
与北美最佳观鸟点  
so I am a stone's throw away  

455  
00:39:17,733 --> 00:39:21,466  
近在咫尺。  
from one of the best birding locations in North America.  

456  
00:39:21,466 --> 00:39:23,633  
许多鸟类喜欢栖息  
A lot of birds take advantage of hanging out  

457  
00:39:23,633 --> 00:39:25,800  
在这两座岛屿之间，  
between these two islands,  

458  
00:39:25,800 --> 00:39:27,400  
这里水流适中  
where you still have enough current  

459  
00:39:27,400 --> 00:39:30,133  
通常不会完全封冻。  
the water is not usually going to ice over.  

460  
00:39:31,766 --> 00:39:33,333  
在北极度过夏季的  
Water birds that have spent  

461  
00:39:33,333 --> 00:39:35,000  
水鸟们  
their summers in the Arctic  

462  
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:37,700  
重返尼亚加拉河岸。  
return to the banks of the Niagara River.  

463  
00:39:48,033 --> 00:39:51,633  
在冰雪覆盖的大地上，  
In a landscape mostly covered in snow and ice,  

464  
00:39:51,633 --> 00:39:55,066  
这片未冻水域如同磁石。  
these open waters are a magnet.  

465  
00:40:00,633 --> 00:40:03,066  
靠近瀑布的区域  
When you get closer to the falls around here,  

466  
00:40:03,066 --> 00:40:04,633  
有鱼类栖息地。  
there's habitat for fish.  

467  
00:40:04,633 --> 00:40:06,266  
有鱼的地方就有  
And when there's habitat for fish,  

468  
00:40:06,266 --> 00:40:08,733  
以鱼为食的鸟类。  
there's habitat for birds that eat fish.  

469  
00:40:08,733 --> 00:40:11,666  
因此成为绝佳的聚集地。  
So, this turns into a great place to hang out.  

470  
00:40:11,666 --> 00:40:13,933  
此时的尼亚加拉以  
This time of year Niagara is famous  

471  
00:40:13,933 --> 00:40:16,900  
全球规模最大、种类最多的  
for one of the largest and most diverse concentrations  

472  
00:40:16,900 --> 00:40:19,166  
海鸥群聚闻名。  
of gulls in the world.  

473  
00:40:24,266 --> 00:40:26,533  
整条尼亚加拉河沿岸，  
All along the Niagara River,  

474  
00:40:26,533 --> 00:40:30,100  
海鸥开始大规模聚集。  
gulls are beginning to gather in large numbers.  

475  
00:40:30,100 --> 00:40:33,566  
这里至少栖息着18种海鸥。  
At least 18 different species of gulls can be found here.  

476  
00:40:36,500 --> 00:40:40,733  
对某些候鸟而言，这里漫长迁徙的终点。  
For some, the river marks the end of a very long journey.  

477  
00:40:41,966 --> 00:40:44,933  
博氏鸥的繁殖地北至  
Bonaparte's gulls breed as far north  

478  
00:40:44,933 --> 00:40:47,566  
北极国家野生动物保护区，  
as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge  

479  
00:40:47,566 --> 00:40:50,933  
冬季则在尼亚加拉地区越冬。  
and overwinter in the Niagara region.  

480  
00:40:50,933 --> 00:40:54,400  
全球近30%的博氏鸥种群  
Nearly 30% of the entire global population  

481  
00:40:54,400 --> 00:40:57,066  
栖息于尼亚加拉河沿岸。  
can be found along the Niagara River.  

482  
00:41:00,300 --> 00:41:02,866  
它们为盛宴而来。  
They are here for a feast.  

483  
00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:07,533  
翡翠银鱼是尼亚加拉河  
Emerald shiners are a tiny fish  

484  
00:41:07,533 --> 00:41:10,333  
盛产的小型鱼类，  
that are abundant in the Niagara River,  

485  
00:41:10,333 --> 00:41:14,300  
也是这些海鸥的主食。  
and they're the primary source of food for these gulls.  

486  
00:41:19,733 --> 00:41:23,600  
最细微的水纹波动都能引发捕食狂潮。  
The slightest movement in the water spurs them into action.  

487  
00:41:36,866 --> 00:41:40,900  
当这群海鸥争夺单条鱼时，  
And while these gulls are fighting over a single fish,  

488  
00:41:40,900 --> 00:41:44,566  
上游正上演不同故事。  
upriver, the story is different.  

489  
00:41:44,566 --> 00:41:46,700  
大群翡翠银鱼  
A large school of emerald shiners  

490  
00:41:46,700 --> 00:41:49,866  
吸引了普通燕鸥的注意。  
has drawn the attention of these common terns.  

491  
00:42:03,433 --> 00:42:04,900  
博氏鸥很快  
And it doesn't take long  

492  
00:42:04,900 --> 00:42:07,633  
嗅到捕猎气息。  
for the Bonapartes to catch wind of the hunt.  

493  
00:42:17,366 --> 00:42:20,600  
饕餮盛宴就此展开。  
And a feeding frenzy has begun.  

494  
00:42:38,866 --> 00:42:42,400  
它们必须把握  
They must take advantage of these bountiful days  

495  
00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:44,700  
这丰饶时光。  
while they last.  

496  
00:42:55,966 --> 00:42:59,466  
强劲极地涡旋笼罩地区...  
A powerful polar vortex has gripped the region...  

497  
00:43:02,233 --> 00:43:05,566  
将休伦湖封入冰棺。  
locking Lake Huron in ice.  

498  
00:43:19,766 --> 00:43:22,633  
刺骨的极寒气温  
Bone-chilling, subzero temperatures  

499  
00:43:22,633 --> 00:43:27,033  
将大瀑布化作冰雪奇境。  
transform Niagara Falls into a winter wonderland.  

500  
00:43:29,533 --> 00:43:33,566  
仿佛冰雪女王施放了魔法。  
It looks as if Elsa has cast her icy spell.  

501  
00:43:38,833 --> 00:43:43,200  
这是水流雕琢出的惊世冰雕殿堂。  
It is a breathtaking world of ice sculpted by water.  

502  
00:44:19,966 --> 00:44:23,433  
冰层向尼亚加拉地区不断扩张，  
Ice pushes farther across the Niagara region,  

503  
00:44:23,433 --> 00:44:27,033  
引来冬日最精湛的猎手。  
drawing one of winter's most masterful hunters.  

504  
00:44:36,600 --> 00:44:40,466  
雪鸮一年多数时间栖息北极，  
Snowy owls spend most of the year in the Arctic,  

505  
00:44:40,466 --> 00:44:44,433  
主要以旅鼠为食。  
subsisting almost exclusively on lemmings.  

506  
00:44:49,000 --> 00:44:51,866  
但在休伦湖的浮冰上，  
But here on the ice floes of Lake Huron,  

507  
00:44:51,866 --> 00:44:54,300  
存在新的机遇。  
there are new opportunities.  

508  
00:45:07,633 --> 00:45:11,933  
湖面破碎的冰层形成完美掩护。  
The broken ice along the lake makes for the perfect cover.  

509  
00:45:17,566 --> 00:45:19,833  
雪鸮的生存策略  
The snowy owl's survival strategy  

510  
00:45:19,833 --> 00:45:22,000  
显露于双眸之中。  
is revealed in her eyes.  

511  
00:45:25,666 --> 00:45:30,000  
醒目的金黄虹彩昭示昼行猎手身份。  
The striking yellow color indicates a hunter by day.  

512  
00:45:32,766 --> 00:45:36,733  
特殊羽翼结构能消弭飞行声响。  
Her wings are designed to dampen the sound in flight.  

513  
00:45:42,666 --> 00:45:45,133  
它是寂静杀手。  
She is a silent hunter.  

514  
00:46:17,433 --> 00:46:20,266  
如同造访尼亚加拉的众多生物，  
Like so many that come to the Niagara region,  

515  
00:46:20,266 --> 00:46:23,100  
雪鸮仅是过客。  
snowy owls are mere visitors.  

516  
00:46:27,600 --> 00:46:29,866  
但在余下的冬日里，  
But for what remains of winter,  

517  
00:46:29,866 --> 00:46:33,033  
它将是这片冰域的主宰。  
she will be the master of this icy realm.  

518  
00:46:40,300 --> 00:46:43,333  
冬季带来狂风怒号...  
Winter brings gale-force winds...  

519  
00:46:48,600 --> 00:46:51,400  
掀起惊涛骇浪...  
generating ocean-sized waves...  

520  
00:46:58,100 --> 00:47:01,400  
浪高可达25英尺以上。  
some reaching 25 feet or more.  

521  
00:47:06,233 --> 00:47:09,233  
五大湖水域堪称  
The Great Lakes are among the most dangerous waters  

522  
00:47:09,233 --> 00:47:11,033  
全球最危险水域之一。  
in the world.  

523  
00:47:13,266 --> 00:47:17,466  
湖底遗骸印证其凶险本质。  
Proof of their treacherous nature lies below the surface.  

524  
00:47:23,400 --> 00:47:28,100  
超过6000艘沉船长眠于此。  
Over 6,000 ships litter the bottom of this inland sea.  

525  
00:47:34,100 --> 00:47:38,666  
水手们将这片死亡水域称为  
Mariners have nicknamed this zone of death and destruction  

526  
00:47:38,666 --> 00:47:41,633  
"五大湖坟场"。  
Graveyard of the Great Lakes.  

527  
00:47:54,666 --> 00:47:56,866  
然而即便危机四伏，  
Yet despite the danger,  

528  
00:47:56,866 --> 00:48:00,433  
有人视风暴为机遇。  
some see these storms as opportunities.  

529  
00:48:00,433 --> 00:48:02,400  
冲浪季来临时，  
When surf season starts up,  

530  
00:48:02,400 --> 00:48:06,066  
我们专挑最恶劣天气出动。  
we're looking for the absolute worst weather possible.  

531  
00:48:07,433 --> 00:48:09,766  
预报显示大风将至，  
With high winds in the forecast,  

532  
00:48:09,766 --> 00:48:12,733  
萨姆兄弟毅然迎向风暴。  
Sam and his brother head into the storm.  

533  
00:48:22,966 --> 00:48:25,366  
超半数遇见我们的人  
More than 50% of the people we meet  

534  
00:48:25,366 --> 00:48:28,033  
认为我们彻底疯了。  
think we're absolutely insane.  

535  
00:48:31,333 --> 00:48:32,966  
要想在此如鱼得水  
You have to have thick skin  

536  
00:48:32,966 --> 00:48:35,233  
必须神经强韧...  
to be at home in these waters...  

537  
00:48:40,200 --> 00:48:43,266  
更要怀抱冒险精神。  
and an adventurous spirit to embrace it.  

538  
00:49:22,933 --> 00:49:26,633  
尼亚加拉大瀑布是真正的自然奇观...  
Niagara Falls is truly a natural wonder...  

539  
00:49:29,900 --> 00:49:34,466  
独一无二的多元生态系统。  
a unique and diverse ecosystem unlike any other.  

540  
00:49:43,900 --> 00:49:46,900  
尼亚加拉的非凡之处也源于  
Niagara is also a place made special  

541  
00:49:46,900 --> 00:49:51,300  
年复一年前来瞻仰其壮美的游人。  
by those who come here every year to admire its beauty.  

542  
00:49:55,466 --> 00:50:00,533  
每年这里都会上演人类缔造的奇观——  
Once a year, a spectacle unfolds entirely of our own making.  

543  
00:50:03,600 --> 00:50:06,266  
冬季灯光节。  
The Winter Festival of Lights.  

544  
00:50:09,133 --> 00:50:11,566  
尼亚加拉大瀑布化身为  
Niagara Falls transforms itself  

545  
00:50:11,566 --> 00:50:15,600  
完美无瑕的万花筒。  
into a picture-perfect kaleidoscope of colors.  

546  
00:50:25,233 --> 00:50:28,033  
今夜是跨年夜。  
Tonight is New Year's Eve.  

547  
00:50:28,033 --> 00:50:30,600  
8、7、6、  
8, 7, 6,  

548  
00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:34,866  
5、4、3、2、1！  
5, 4, 3, 2, 1!  

549  
00:50:44,633 --> 00:50:47,500  
这是新年的庆典。  
It is the celebration of a new year.  

550  
00:50:50,466 --> 00:50:54,433  
也是自然奇观的礼赞。  
And the celebration of a remarkable natural wonder.  

551  
00:51:15,033 --> 00:51:18,933  
寒冬终于卸下冰雪铠甲...  
Winter finally pulls back her icy coat...  

552  
00:51:22,466 --> 00:51:25,266  
迎接新季节的曙光。  
and welcomes the dawn of a new season.  

553  
00:51:31,333 --> 00:51:34,300  
森林欣迎新生。  
The forest welcomes the awakening of new life.  

554  
00:51:42,900 --> 00:51:45,666  
诞生于浩瀚内海...  
Born of a vast inland sea...  

555  
00:51:49,166 --> 00:51:51,800  
这是个永恒变迁的世界...  
this is a world in perpetual motion...  

556  
00:51:53,833 --> 00:51:56,033  
每日焕然一新。  
made each day anew.  

557  
00:52:01,700 --> 00:52:05,166  
对所有栖居于此的生命而言，  
And for all who call this region home,  

558  
00:52:05,166 --> 00:52:09,200  
尼亚加拉永远是  
Niagara remains a place of infinite splendor  

559  
00:52:09,200 --> 00:52:12,233  
无尽壮美与魅力的所在。  
and endless fascination.  

560  
00:52:54,266 --> 00:52:56,200  
欲了解本期《自然》节目  
To learn more about what you've seen  

561  
00:52:56,200 --> 00:52:59,933  
更多内容，请访问pbs.org。  
on this "Nature" program, visit pbs.org.