1 00:00:05,966 --> 00:00:11,466 在哥斯达黎加，国家格言是"纯粹的生活"。 In Costa Rica, the national motto is "pura vida," pure life. 2 00:00:13,700 --> 00:00:18,500 这里，生命无处不在。 And here, life is everywhere. 3 00:00:18,500 --> 00:00:20,200 超过五十万种生物 Over half a million species 4 00:00:20,200 --> 00:00:24,000 使这个小国成为生物多样性的巨人。 make this small country a biodiversity giant. 5 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:27,566 而这部分归功于一种微小的生物... And it's thanks, in part, to one tiny creature... 6 00:00:29,866 --> 00:00:32,633 蜂鸟。 the hummingbird. 7 00:00:32,633 --> 00:00:36,066 蜂鸟是不可思议的化身。 Hummingbirds are the impossible incarnate. 8 00:00:36,066 --> 00:00:38,633 它们掌握着神奇的飞行技巧... Masters of miraculous flight... 9 00:00:38,633 --> 00:00:41,433 披着超凡脱俗的色彩... cloaked in otherworldly colors... 10 00:00:44,366 --> 00:00:45,966 绿意中的一抹闪光... A glimmer in the green... 11 00:00:45,966 --> 00:00:47,566 转瞬即逝。 and they're gone. 12 00:00:52,033 --> 00:00:54,766 但它们的影响却持久不散... But their effect lingers... 13 00:00:54,766 --> 00:00:57,566 为田野带来花朵... bringing flowers to the fields... 14 00:00:57,566 --> 00:00:59,600 为森林带来果实... and fruit to the forest... 15 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:03,533 ...在这里，整个生物群落 ...where a whole community of creatures 16 00:01:03,533 --> 00:01:06,266 享受着“蜂鸟效应”。 enjoys "The Hummingbird Effect." 17 00:01:52,733 --> 00:01:58,633 坐落在闷热的加勒比海和狂野的太平洋之间， Cradled between the sultry Caribbean and the wild Pacific, 18 00:01:58,633 --> 00:02:01,466 哥斯达黎加广阔的绿色边疆 Costa Rica's vast green frontier 19 00:02:01,466 --> 00:02:04,533 横跨中美洲的心脏地带。 stretches across the heart of Central America. 20 00:02:07,433 --> 00:02:12,300 在这里，生命的源泉是花朵... And here, the wellsprings of life are flowers... 21 00:02:12,300 --> 00:02:14,566 以及那些依赖花朵生存的 and the mysterious little gardeners 22 00:02:14,566 --> 00:02:16,366 神秘小园丁们。 whose lives depend on them. 23 00:02:22,833 --> 00:02:26,333 在东部的山丘，就在森林边缘， In the eastern hills, just at the forest edge, 24 00:02:26,333 --> 00:02:29,966 一片广袤的土地由... a vast terrain is overseen by... 25 00:02:29,966 --> 00:02:32,300 一位非常小的守护者看管。 a very small caretaker. 26 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,766 一眨眼你可能就会错过它——身高仅两英寸多， Blink and you could miss him -- just over 2 inches tall, 27 00:02:38,766 --> 00:02:41,133 几乎不比大黄蜂大。 hardly bigger than a bumblebee. 28 00:02:44,833 --> 00:02:49,666 一簇蓬松的莫西干发型羽毛赋予了它名字： A wispy mohawk of feathers gives him his name: 29 00:02:49,666 --> 00:02:51,900 黑冠蜂鸟。 the black-crested coquette. 30 00:02:55,633 --> 00:02:59,766 今天，一只小黑冠蜂鸟中了大奖： Today, one little coquette has hit the jackpot: 31 00:02:59,766 --> 00:03:05,033 一片富含花蜜的马鞭草花丛。 a patch of nectar-rich verbena flowers. 32 00:03:05,033 --> 00:03:08,600 但容易获取的食物来源是珍贵的资源。 But an easy food source is a precious commodity. 33 00:03:12,566 --> 00:03:15,133 另一只雄性大胆挑战 Another male makes a bold challenge 34 00:03:15,133 --> 00:03:16,833 争夺这片马鞭草盛宴。 for the verbena buffet. 35 00:03:19,066 --> 00:03:21,633 当需要捍卫它的花朵时， When the time comes to defend his flowers, 36 00:03:21,633 --> 00:03:23,200 黑冠蜂鸟 the black-crested coquette 37 00:03:23,200 --> 00:03:25,700 不仅外表优雅 is elegant not just in appearance 38 00:03:25,700 --> 00:03:28,133 战斗姿态也同样优雅。 but also in combat. 39 00:03:37,633 --> 00:03:40,233 在一场仪式化的决斗中， In a ritualized duel, 40 00:03:40,233 --> 00:03:42,666 它们在空中对峙。 they engage in a mid-air stare-down. 41 00:03:47,166 --> 00:03:51,166 双脚张开，全神贯注... Feet flared, laser focused... 42 00:03:51,166 --> 00:03:53,466 谁会是第一个退缩的？ who will be the first to flinch? 43 00:03:59,266 --> 00:04:04,066 蜂鸟随时可能面临几小时内的饥饿。 Hummingbirds are always within a few hours of starvation. 44 00:04:04,066 --> 00:04:07,633 保卫食物来源是生死攸关的事。 Defending his food source is a matter of life or death. 45 00:04:12,166 --> 00:04:14,933 大多数情况下，它们不会有身体接触。 For the most part, there's no contact. 46 00:04:14,933 --> 00:04:18,233 尽管偶尔，它们也会试探极限。 Although occasionally, they test the limits. 47 00:04:26,033 --> 00:04:29,900 入侵者试图夺取花朵。 The intruder makes a move to claim the flowers. 48 00:04:29,900 --> 00:04:31,500 这是最后一根稻草。 It's the final straw. 49 00:04:37,933 --> 00:04:41,133 胜利者赢得了来之不易的奖赏... The victor claims his hard-won reward... 50 00:04:41,133 --> 00:04:43,833 羽毛一丝不乱。 not a tufted plume out of place. 51 00:04:53,266 --> 00:04:56,666 关于开花植物的微小战斗 Tiny battles over flowering plants have played out 52 00:04:56,666 --> 00:05:00,666 在哥斯达黎加上演了数百万年... across Costa Rica for millions of years... 53 00:05:00,666 --> 00:05:04,233 不仅塑造了蜂鸟，也塑造了这片土地。 shaping not just hummingbirds, but the land itself. 54 00:05:12,900 --> 00:05:16,000 哥斯达黎加将整个大陆的气候 Costa Rica packs an entire continent of climates 55 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:20,266 和地形浓缩在西弗吉尼亚州大小的国家里。 and terrains into a country the size of West Virginia. 56 00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:31,333 干燥的热带森林... Dry tropical forests... 57 00:05:31,333 --> 00:05:35,233 雨水浸透的丛林... rain-soaked jungles... 58 00:05:35,233 --> 00:05:38,700 火山云雾林... volcanic cloud forests... 59 00:05:38,700 --> 00:05:41,900 以及蔓延的沿海红树林。 and sprawling tangles of coastal mangroves. 60 00:05:48,466 --> 00:05:50,766 哥斯达黎加长期以来是动植物物种 Costa Rica has long been a natural bridge 61 00:05:50,766 --> 00:05:53,233 的自然桥梁。 for plant and animal species. 62 00:05:56,466 --> 00:05:59,033 有些物种在长途迁徙中经过这里。 Some pass through on long migrations. 63 00:06:02,233 --> 00:06:04,166 有些则定居下来， Others settled in, 64 00:06:04,166 --> 00:06:07,333 培育了一个多样性的天然实验室。 fostering a natural laboratory of diversity. 65 00:06:11,600 --> 00:06:16,533 这个国家的森林和天空 The country's forests and skies 66 00:06:16,533 --> 00:06:17,766 充满了地球上一些 are filled with some of 67 00:06:17,766 --> 00:06:20,500 最伟大的进化奇观... the planet's greatest evolutionary oddities... 68 00:06:25,433 --> 00:06:28,866 ...一个由动植物组成的生命网络 ...a living network of plants and animals 69 00:06:28,866 --> 00:06:31,266 以无数方式相互连接。 interconnected in countless ways. 70 00:06:47,466 --> 00:06:50,066 大约1800万年前， And around 18 million years ago, 71 00:06:50,066 --> 00:06:52,533 大自然又添加了一种生物。 nature added one more to the mix. 72 00:07:07,900 --> 00:07:12,000 一种看似不可能的生物... A seemingly impossible creature... 73 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:14,433 一种微小、羽毛如宝石般的鸟 a tiny, jewel-feathered bird 74 00:07:14,433 --> 00:07:18,933 它将改变哥斯达黎加几乎所有的环境。 that would transform nearly every environment in Costa Rica. 75 00:07:30,800 --> 00:07:35,033 蜂鸟以花蜜为动力， Hummingbirds are driven by nectar, 76 00:07:35,033 --> 00:07:38,433 它们特化的身体专为 and their specialized bodies are purpose-built 77 00:07:38,433 --> 00:07:41,366 从花朵中采集糖分燃料而设计。 for harvesting sugary fuel from flowers. 78 00:07:57,233 --> 00:08:01,166 独特的肩袖和翅膀结构 A unique rotator cuff and wing design 79 00:08:01,166 --> 00:08:05,866 使它们能够以八字形拍打翅膀， allows them to flap their wings in a figure-eight pattern, 80 00:08:05,866 --> 00:08:08,200 成为世界上唯一 making them the only birds in the world 81 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:09,966 能倒飞的鸟类。 that can fly backwards. 82 00:08:13,733 --> 00:08:16,733 当你的喙整天埋在花丛中时， It's a handy trick when you spend the day with your beak 83 00:08:16,733 --> 00:08:18,366 这是个方便的技巧。 buried in blossoms. 84 00:08:27,700 --> 00:08:30,500 在哥斯达黎加，超过50种 In Costa Rica, over 50 species 85 00:08:30,500 --> 00:08:32,700 这些勤劳的小鸟 of these industrious little birds 86 00:08:32,700 --> 00:08:36,000 是所有可能环境的关键建筑师... are key architects of every possible environment... 87 00:08:42,166 --> 00:08:44,733 ...照料那些用鲜艳色彩 ...tending to flowers that use their bright colors 88 00:08:44,733 --> 00:08:47,966 和精致花瓣吸引它们的花朵。 and elaborate petals to entice the birds. 89 00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:57,000 但挑剔的是蜂鸟... But is it the birds being choosy... 90 00:08:57,000 --> 00:08:58,966 还是植物本身？ or the plants themselves? 91 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:13,466 在中部高地潮湿的山麓， In the humid foothills of the central highlands, 92 00:09:13,466 --> 00:09:16,866 一种不寻常的植物悬挂在林下层。 an unusual plant hangs in the understory. 93 00:09:19,566 --> 00:09:21,066 鲜红色的部分 The bright red segments 94 00:09:21,066 --> 00:09:24,600 和黄色的赫蕉属植物花朵 and yellow flowers of Heliconia ramonensis 95 00:09:24,600 --> 00:09:30,033 这种植物想要繁殖。 The plant wants to have sex. 96 00:09:32,133 --> 00:09:33,766 但它需要帮助。 But it needs help. 97 00:09:36,133 --> 00:09:38,766 它无法移动去寻找配偶， It can't move to meet up with a mate, 98 00:09:38,766 --> 00:09:42,500 所以它通过广告寻找中介。 so it advertises for a go-between. 99 00:09:42,500 --> 00:09:46,866 并非任何人都符合要求。 And not just anyone will fit the bill. 100 00:09:46,866 --> 00:09:52,433 它在尖锐角度的花朵中提供了糖分奖励。 It offers a sugary reward locked in sharply angled blossoms. 101 00:09:52,433 --> 00:09:55,000 要获取它需要特殊的钥匙。 And to access it takes a special key. 102 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:05,233 一只绿冠辉蜂鸟考虑接近。 A green-crowned brilliant considers an approach. 103 00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:10,833 一定有办法获取那些花蜜。 There must be some way to get to that nectar. 104 00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:19,533 花蜜管太深了。 The nectar tube is too deep. 105 00:10:19,533 --> 00:10:21,166 不值得费力。 Not worth the effort. 106 00:10:24,966 --> 00:10:27,766 绿隐蜂鸟可能有更好的机会。 A green hermit might have a better shot. 107 00:10:30,366 --> 00:10:33,166 它有着弯曲的喙和强盗般的面具， With a curved beak and a bandit's mask, 108 00:10:33,166 --> 00:10:36,766 肯定能从吝啬的植物中偷取一些花蜜。 surely she can steal some nectar from a stingy plant. 109 00:10:41,366 --> 00:10:42,933 它利用长长的身体 She uses her long body 110 00:10:42,933 --> 00:10:46,700 和尾羽向前推进。 and tail feathers to propel herself forward. 111 00:10:46,700 --> 00:10:48,666 也许它能强行进入。 Maybe she can force her way in. 112 00:10:53,133 --> 00:10:56,500 为了一点味道还是费了不少劲。 Still a lot of effort for a little taste. 113 00:10:58,566 --> 00:11:00,633 似乎要进入那里， It's almost as though to get in there, 114 00:11:00,633 --> 00:11:03,233 你需要一个90度弯曲的喙。 you would need a 90-degree angled beak. 115 00:11:08,133 --> 00:11:10,566 一只白尖镰嘴蜂鸟停了下来。 A white-tipped sicklebill stops in. 116 00:11:14,800 --> 00:11:17,866 毫不意外，它完美契合。 No surprise, it's a perfect fit. 117 00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:24,900 镰嘴蜂鸟已经进化成专门适应 Sicklebills have evolved to specialize 118 00:11:24,900 --> 00:11:28,433 这些奇特的花朵， in these peculiar flowers, 119 00:11:28,433 --> 00:11:31,533 而这些植物也发展出了专为 and the plants have developed corollas tailor-made 120 00:11:31,533 --> 00:11:33,966 这些弯曲的喙设计的花冠。 for these sharply curved bills. 121 00:11:39,733 --> 00:11:43,066 大多数蜂鸟在进食时悬停。 Most hummingbirds hover while feeding. 122 00:11:43,066 --> 00:11:45,966 但镰嘴蜂鸟会栖息， But the sicklebill perches, 123 00:11:45,966 --> 00:11:49,100 用左脚撬开花朵。 using her left foot to pry open the flower. 124 00:11:57,866 --> 00:11:59,600 当它尽情饮用时， While she drinks her fill, 125 00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:02,966 花朵将一团完美的黄色花粉—— the flower drops a perfect cap of yellow pollen -- 126 00:12:02,966 --> 00:12:05,333 它的精子细胞——落在它的头上。 its sperm cells -- onto her head. 127 00:12:07,500 --> 00:12:09,533 当它访问下一株植物时， When she visits the next plant, 128 00:12:09,533 --> 00:12:13,266 花粉随之传播并使花朵受精。 the pollen travels with her and fertilizes the flower. 129 00:12:16,533 --> 00:12:20,133 它们的特殊契合保证它不会滥交。 Their special fit guarantees she won't be promiscuous. 130 00:12:22,266 --> 00:12:25,100 它只会将花粉传给另一株赫蕉属植物。 She'll only carry the pollen to another Heliconia. 131 00:12:27,466 --> 00:12:32,166 对植物而言，这意味着繁殖有了保障。 For the plant, it means sex is a sure thing. 132 00:12:32,166 --> 00:12:36,366 这是完美的共生关系，注定会结出果实。 It's a perfect partnership, guaranteed to bear fruit. 133 00:12:54,700 --> 00:12:59,500 开花植物曾完全依赖昆虫繁殖。 Flowering plants once relied solely on insects to reproduce. 134 00:13:02,533 --> 00:13:05,533 当蜂鸟登场后，植物发现 When hummingbirds burst onto the scene, plants learned 135 00:13:05,533 --> 00:13:08,233 这些新传粉者具有独特优势。 these new pollinators came with advantages. 136 00:13:15,166 --> 00:13:17,766 鸟类比昆虫传播基因的距离 The birds travel farther than insects to spread 137 00:13:17,766 --> 00:13:19,400 更远。 the gene pool. 138 00:13:22,233 --> 00:13:25,933 细长的喙和拖把般的舌头 Slender bills and tongues like mops 139 00:13:25,933 --> 00:13:29,566 使它们采集花蜜的效率极高， make them highly efficient at harvesting nectar, 140 00:13:29,566 --> 00:13:32,066 每秒可达14次。 at up to 14 slurps a second. 141 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:49,066 对植物而言，这意味着基因在花朵间 For the plants, it means nonstop genetic transfer from flower... 142 00:13:49,066 --> 00:13:51,066 不间断传递... to flower... 143 00:13:51,066 --> 00:13:52,700 再到花朵。 to flower. 144 00:14:01,366 --> 00:14:04,166 为吸引蜂鸟，植物进化出更鲜艳 To lure the birds, plants developed more vivid 145 00:14:04,166 --> 00:14:05,966 精致的花朵... and elaborate blossoms... 146 00:14:08,633 --> 00:14:12,100 ...引发新色彩与形状的大爆发， ...triggering an explosion of new colors and shapes 147 00:14:12,100 --> 00:14:14,500 辐射整个美洲大陆。 that would radiate across the Americas. 148 00:14:26,833 --> 00:14:30,966 当蜂鸟推动新花卉进化时， And as hummingbirds drove the evolution of new flowers, 149 00:14:30,966 --> 00:14:33,533 植物也反塑着蜂鸟。 the plants themselves shaped the birds. 150 00:14:36,633 --> 00:14:40,300 有些进化出更长的喙， Some developed longer bills, 151 00:14:40,300 --> 00:14:45,400 有些弯曲如钩，有些小得不可思议。 some curved, some improbably small. 152 00:14:56,466 --> 00:14:59,600 植物与蜂鸟开始"协同进化"， Plants and hummingbirds began to "co-evolve" 153 00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:03,466 形成自然界最紧密的联盟之一。 in one of the most intense alliances in the natural world. 154 00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:13,633 某些共生关系发展到极致时， Some partnerships reached such extremes 155 00:15:13,633 --> 00:15:17,100 选择已不再是选项—— that choice is no longer an option -- 156 00:15:17,100 --> 00:15:19,133 为繁殖结果， to reproduce and generate fruit, 157 00:15:19,133 --> 00:15:22,600 赫蕉属植物如今只能依赖 plants like Heliconia now rely on a single, 158 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:24,866 专属定制的传粉者。 personally engineered pollinator. 159 00:15:30,366 --> 00:15:35,333 这种深刻共生影响着森林每个成员。 It's a deep partnership that affects everyone in the forest. 160 00:15:42,933 --> 00:15:46,000 很少有森林像该国最西南端 Few forests are as full of hungry inhabitants 161 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:48,600 这般充满饥饿居民... as the far southwest of the country... 162 00:15:50,666 --> 00:15:53,766 ...这里文明让位于真正的荒野... ...where civilization gives way to the truly wild... 163 00:15:56,833 --> 00:15:58,466 ...奥萨半岛。 ...the Osa Peninsula. 164 00:16:02,100 --> 00:16:06,833 奥萨是伸向太平洋的 Osa is an isolated stretch of pristine rainforest 165 00:16:06,833 --> 00:16:09,000 原始雨林孤岛。 jutting out into the Pacific Ocean. 166 00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:16,700 这里被誉为 It has been referred to as 167 00:16:16,700 --> 00:16:19,933 "地球生物最密集之地"。 "the most biologically intense place on Earth." 168 00:16:29,200 --> 00:16:31,833 数量惊人的稀有哺乳动物， A staggering number of rare mammals, 169 00:16:31,833 --> 00:16:35,333 比如树栖的南美小食蚁兽， like the tree-dwelling tamandua, 170 00:16:35,333 --> 00:16:38,400 长吻的貘... and the long-snouted tapir... 171 00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:40,800 四种猴子... four species of monkeys... 172 00:16:43,333 --> 00:16:47,633 ...爬行动物，甚至美洲豹和美洲狮 ...reptiles, even jaguars and pumas 173 00:16:47,633 --> 00:16:51,100 都栖息在这片原始森林。 all make their home in these pristine forests. 174 00:16:54,833 --> 00:16:56,633 林间飞翔着 Flying through the trees, 175 00:16:56,633 --> 00:17:01,866 400种炫目热带鸟类... 400 species of dazzling tropical birds... 176 00:17:01,866 --> 00:17:08,833 上万种昆虫和16种蜂鸟 10,000 kinds of insects and 16 species of hummingbirds 177 00:17:08,833 --> 00:17:11,166 共同维系奥萨森林的花期。 all keep the Osa forests in flower. 178 00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:18,933 它们传粉结出的果实 And the fruits of their pollination 179 00:17:18,933 --> 00:17:21,433 为所有生物带来盛宴。 are bringing everyone to the banquet. 180 00:17:31,866 --> 00:17:35,800 一群吼猴一反常态地安静。 A troop of howler monkeys is uncharacteristically quiet. 181 00:17:38,933 --> 00:17:40,033 它们偶然发现了 They've stumbled across one 182 00:17:40,033 --> 00:17:42,166 蜂鸟最爱的树种。 of the hummingbird's favorite trees. 183 00:17:48,300 --> 00:17:51,300 它们是美洲体型最大的猴类之一， They're among the biggest monkeys in the Americas, 184 00:17:51,300 --> 00:17:55,533 但主要食物是树叶。 but the mainstay of their diet is leaves. 185 00:17:55,533 --> 00:17:57,933 多亏常驻蜂鸟， Thanks to resident hummingbirds, 186 00:17:57,933 --> 00:18:00,433 成熟果实成为受欢迎的零食。 ripe fruit provides a welcome treat. 187 00:18:21,766 --> 00:18:25,533 同一树冠层，杂技演员般的蜘蛛猴家族 In the same treetop, a family of acrobatic spider monkeys 188 00:18:25,533 --> 00:18:27,566 也来赴宴。 has also come to the feast. 189 00:18:31,366 --> 00:18:34,666 水果占其饮食90%以上， Fruit makes up over 90% of their diet 190 00:18:34,666 --> 00:18:37,066 支撑它们的体操式生活。 and fuels their gymnastic lifestyle. 191 00:18:42,866 --> 00:18:45,633 对幼猴而言，炎热的午后是 For the juveniles, the hot afternoon is a time 192 00:18:45,633 --> 00:18:49,133 闲晃的时间... to just hang out... 193 00:18:49,133 --> 00:18:50,833 或打个盹。 or take a nap. 194 00:18:57,500 --> 00:19:00,600 蜘蛛猴以修长四肢 Spider monkeys are known for their long limbs 195 00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:03,766 和惊人的树上敏捷性闻名。 and impressive agility in the trees. 196 00:19:03,766 --> 00:19:06,200 但这需要后天学习。 But it's a skill they have to learn. 197 00:19:10,033 --> 00:19:13,900 新手妈妈正教导几个月大的宝宝 A new mom shows her baby, just a few months old, 198 00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:17,566 寻找藏在叶间的成熟番石榴、百香果和无花果。 how to find the ripe guava, passion fruit and figs 199 00:19:17,566 --> 00:19:19,266 hidden between the leaves. 200 00:19:22,233 --> 00:19:25,833 它渐入佳境，但有个问题。 He's getting the hang of it, but there's a problem. 201 00:19:29,433 --> 00:19:33,400 觅食需要在树冠间移动... Foraging requires crossing between the treetops... 202 00:19:33,400 --> 00:19:36,233 而它还没准备好独自跳跃。 and he's not quite ready to make the jump on his own. 203 00:19:47,366 --> 00:19:51,700 离地太高。妈妈需要创意方案。 It's a long way down. Mom needs to get creative. 204 00:20:04,566 --> 00:20:07,400 小家伙勇敢穿越... The little guy braves the crossing... 205 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,500 获得了水果奖励。 and gets his fruit reward. 206 00:20:29,966 --> 00:20:32,000 在疯狂进食的下方， Below the feeding frenzy, 207 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:35,666 雌性冠林星蜂鸟发现隐秘林间空地。 a female crowned woodnymph discovers a hidden glade. 208 00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:42,700 浅溪带来机遇。 A shallow stream brings an opportunity. 209 00:20:42,700 --> 00:20:44,666 也是难得一见的... And a rare glimpse... 210 00:20:44,666 --> 00:20:46,200 魔法时刻。 of magic. 211 00:21:12,866 --> 00:21:16,133 附近的雄性也被迷住了。 A nearby male is also enchanted. 212 00:21:26,600 --> 00:21:29,566 整天与花蜜花粉为伴 Spending the day buried in nectar and pollen 213 00:21:29,566 --> 00:21:31,466 难免粘腻不堪。 is sticky business. 214 00:21:38,133 --> 00:21:41,533 残留物会增加翅膀负重。 All that residue can weigh on the wings. 215 00:21:41,533 --> 00:21:45,700 而这些飞行大师必须保持极致轻盈。 And these masters of flight need to stay as light as possible. 216 00:21:55,733 --> 00:21:58,300 无论在池塘沐浴... Whether they bathe in a pond... 217 00:21:58,300 --> 00:22:02,500 还是雨中淋浴，蜂鸟的生存 or shower in the rain, a hummingbird's survival 218 00:22:02,500 --> 00:22:05,866 取决于羽毛的精心养护。 depends on meticulous maintenance of its feathers. 219 00:22:19,433 --> 00:22:21,000 清洗完毕后， After washing off, 220 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:25,366 它们仔细清理尘土、花粉和寄生虫。 they carefully clean themselves of dirt, pollen and parasites. 221 00:22:32,666 --> 00:22:35,700 尾部的腺体分泌油脂， A gland near the tail produces oil they apply 222 00:22:35,700 --> 00:22:39,600 它们用喙涂抹每根羽毛... with their bill to every feather... 223 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:43,033 这需要时间。 and it takes time. 224 00:22:43,033 --> 00:22:47,766 最小的蜂鸟也有超过1500根羽毛。 Even the smallest hummingbirds can have over 1,500 feathers. 225 00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:57,233 理羽能重整羽枝结构， Preening realigns the feather barbs 226 00:22:57,233 --> 00:22:59,633 甚至恢复虹彩光泽... and even restores their iridescent color... 227 00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:05,633 ...这种幻彩源自羽毛内部 ...an illusion created by reflective structures 228 00:23:05,633 --> 00:23:07,466 的反射结构。 in the feathers themselves. 229 00:23:15,133 --> 00:23:17,533 快速抖动蓬松羽毛... A quick shake and a fluff... 230 00:23:17,533 --> 00:23:20,900 她再次准备好起飞。 and once again, she's ready for takeoff. 231 00:23:32,466 --> 00:23:36,133 在奥萨，蜂鸟与它们喂养的鸟类 In Osa, hummingbirds share the skies with the very birds 232 00:23:36,133 --> 00:23:42,966 共享天空，包括原色鹦鹉... they feed, including a parrot in primary colors... 233 00:23:46,266 --> 00:23:49,066 ...华美的金刚鹦鹉。 ...the magnificent scarlet macaw. 234 00:24:00,833 --> 00:24:05,366 在这里，树木蔓延至崎岖的太平洋海岸， Here, where the trees spill onto the rugged Pacific coast, 235 00:24:05,366 --> 00:24:09,566 金刚鹦鹉飞出丛林乘上海风。 scarlet macaws escape the jungle to ride the ocean breeze. 236 00:24:18,233 --> 00:24:24,800 三英尺翼展助其以35英里时速翱翔， A three-foot wingspan helps them soar up to 35 miles an hour, 237 00:24:24,800 --> 00:24:27,833 沿巡逻海岸线寻找果树。 as they patrol the coastline for fruiting trees. 238 00:24:38,533 --> 00:24:41,833 森林边缘，一对年长伴侣 At the edge of the forest, a senior male and female 239 00:24:41,833 --> 00:24:45,233 栖在结满海滨榄仁的树上。 settle into a tree loaded with beach almonds. 240 00:24:50,700 --> 00:24:55,233 如同蜂鸟定位盛放花蜜的花朵， Like hummingbirds, who locate nectaring flowers at their peak, 241 00:24:55,233 --> 00:24:58,500 金刚鹦鹉会绘制丛林心智地图。 scarlet macaws make a mental map of the jungle. 242 00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:05,233 它们精准掌握何时何地 They know exactly when and where to find the ripest fruit 243 00:25:05,233 --> 00:25:06,866 能找到成熟果实种子。 and seeds. 244 00:25:13,266 --> 00:25:16,633 这对伴侣如所有金刚鹦鹉， This pair, like all macaws, formed a lifelong, 245 00:25:16,633 --> 00:25:20,566 自雌鸟选择雄鸟时便缔结终身伴侣。 monogamous bond when she first chose him. 246 00:25:20,566 --> 00:25:24,566 这是影响深远的选择。 And it's a choice with lasting consequences. 247 00:25:24,566 --> 00:25:27,733 它们寿命可达75年。 They can live for up to 75 years. 248 00:25:30,566 --> 00:25:32,266 数十年的伴侣关系 A decades-long partnership 249 00:25:32,266 --> 00:25:35,133 难免偶有争执。 can lead to the occasional domestic squabble. 250 00:25:38,466 --> 00:25:42,333 这次争执化为亲昵轻推... This one evolves into affectionate nudging... 251 00:25:42,333 --> 00:25:45,833 最终演变成... and eventually... 252 00:25:45,833 --> 00:25:47,733 高难度前戏。 rather acrobatic foreplay. 253 00:25:52,500 --> 00:25:56,666 最终她点头应允，海景树 Finally, she gives the okay and a tree with an ocean view 254 00:25:56,666 --> 00:25:59,200 成为交配的理想场所。 is as good a place as any to mate. 255 00:26:01,333 --> 00:26:04,933 对这对伴侣而言，蜜月显然未结束。 For this pair, the honeymoon clearly isn't over. 256 00:26:20,833 --> 00:26:22,966 与金刚鹦鹉不同， Unlike scarlet macaws, 257 00:26:22,966 --> 00:26:25,933 雄性蜂鸟交配后不会停留。 male hummingbirds don't stick around after mating. 258 00:26:30,033 --> 00:26:32,866 每个繁殖季，这些森林建筑师 Every season, these little forest architects 259 00:26:32,866 --> 00:26:35,266 都需重新赢得配偶青睐。 have to win over a new mate. 260 00:26:35,266 --> 00:26:37,700 这意味着要上演求偶大秀。 And that means putting on a show. 261 00:26:41,933 --> 00:26:45,700 长嘴隐蜂鸟正在为表演热身。 A long-billed hermit is warming up for a performance. 262 00:26:47,866 --> 00:26:51,000 它正在寻找伴侣，为此 He's looking for a mate, and to find one, 263 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:53,200 雄性蜂鸟会聚集起来 hummingbird males gather in groups 264 00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:56,366 参加名为"求偶场"的才艺比拼。 for a sort of talent contest called a lek. 265 00:27:01,133 --> 00:27:04,000 它从栖木开始求偶仪式， From his perch, he begins a courtship ritual 266 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,766 以一连串鸣叫拉开序幕。 that starts with a series of chirps. 267 00:27:12,900 --> 00:27:14,800 其他雄性加入合唱。 Other males join in. 268 00:27:22,366 --> 00:27:25,400 很快，森林回荡起交响乐。 Soon, a chorus fills the forest. 269 00:27:31,233 --> 00:27:35,200 我们通常不认为蜂鸟是鸣禽。 We don't tend to think of hummingbirds as songbirds. 270 00:27:35,200 --> 00:27:37,300 它们似乎只会吱喳叫。 They seem to simply squeak. 271 00:27:39,433 --> 00:27:43,066 但放慢听，别有洞天。 But slow it down, and there's more than meets the ear. 272 00:27:54,933 --> 00:27:59,700 事实证明，蜂鸟做任何事都超高速。 It turns out, hummingbirds do everything at warp speed. 273 00:27:59,700 --> 00:28:02,700 它们甚至把整首歌压缩成一声啁啾。 They even squeeze a whole song into a chirp. 274 00:28:07,433 --> 00:28:09,333 邻居们开始关注... The neighbors are taking notice... 275 00:28:13,700 --> 00:28:18,733 ...包括一位正在打量追求者的雌鸟。 ...including a female who sizes up the suitors. 276 00:28:18,733 --> 00:28:20,333 与多数蜂鸟不同， Unlike many hummingbirds, 277 00:28:20,333 --> 00:28:22,766 雌性长嘴隐蜂鸟的羽色 a female long-billed hermit's coloring 278 00:28:22,766 --> 00:28:26,800 几乎与雄性无异。 is almost identical to the males. 279 00:28:26,800 --> 00:28:28,400 为脱颖而出， To set themselves apart, 280 00:28:28,400 --> 00:28:30,800 雄鸟必须升级表演水准。 the guys need to dial up the performance. 281 00:28:34,833 --> 00:28:38,200 它摆动尾羽跳起求偶舞， In a kind of dance, he pumps his tail feathers, 282 00:28:38,200 --> 00:28:39,900 期待吸引她的目光。 hoping to catch her eye. 283 00:28:49,700 --> 00:28:51,533 雌鸟产生了兴趣。 The female is intrigued. 284 00:28:54,466 --> 00:28:57,200 最后审视一番... One final inspection... 285 00:28:57,200 --> 00:28:58,900 她做出了选择。 and she makes her choice. 286 00:29:09,866 --> 00:29:14,600 从炎热低地森林到多风高原， From these hot lowland forests to the windy highlands, 287 00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:16,700 这些带翼传粉者的影响 the effect of these winged pollinators 288 00:29:16,700 --> 00:29:20,733 在这个国家每个生态系统中激荡... ripples across every ecosystem in the country... 289 00:29:20,733 --> 00:29:23,033 包括最极端的环境。 even its most extreme. 290 00:29:30,566 --> 00:29:33,200 沿着哥斯达黎加崎岖的山脊， Along the rugged spine of Costa Rica, 291 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:36,400 不安分的大地翻腾着蒸汽。 the unsettled earth churns and steams. 292 00:29:39,900 --> 00:29:43,366 塔拉曼卡火山山脉 A chain of volcanic mountains, the Talamancas, 293 00:29:43,366 --> 00:29:46,866 形成海拔12000英尺的全国最高峰。 form the country's highest peak at 12,000 feet. 294 00:29:53,066 --> 00:29:55,266 气温跌破冰点... Temperatures drop below freezing... 295 00:29:57,300 --> 00:30:00,466 ...含硫寒风抑制着低矮灌木生长。 ...sulfurous winds stunt the growth of the low bush. 296 00:30:09,866 --> 00:30:12,466 在这片山地荒原的斜坡上， On the slopes of these mountain badlands, 297 00:30:12,466 --> 00:30:15,300 几位硬汉为争夺 a few tough characters battle it out 298 00:30:15,300 --> 00:30:17,700 稀有的花朵而战。 for what few flowers they can find. 299 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:23,666 好斗的火喉蜂鸟 The aggressive fiery-throated 300 00:30:23,666 --> 00:30:26,800 统治着整个山坡... hummingbird dominates the mountainside... 301 00:30:29,500 --> 00:30:31,800 ...火爆脾气配得上它烈焰般的色彩。 ...with an attitude to match its blazing color. 302 00:30:36,266 --> 00:30:39,366 另一种耐寒品种塔拉曼卡蜂鸟， Another hardy species, the Talamanca, 303 00:30:39,366 --> 00:30:42,933 以这些山脉命名，甚至进化出更长翅膀 named for these mountains, even comes with longer wings 304 00:30:42,933 --> 00:30:45,366 适应稀薄山空气流中的悬停。 for hovering on thin mountain air. 305 00:31:00,966 --> 00:31:04,100 但在纷争之上的山峰， But above the fray, on the mountain peaks, 306 00:31:04,100 --> 00:31:06,700 极端环境孕育出 the extreme environment has given rise 307 00:31:06,700 --> 00:31:09,366 一位意想不到的高地霸主。 to an unlikely master of the high frontier. 308 00:31:18,033 --> 00:31:20,300 体型不及人类拇指大， No bigger than a human thumb, 309 00:31:20,300 --> 00:31:24,033 火山蜂鸟仅存于此， the volcano hummingbird exists only here, 310 00:31:24,033 --> 00:31:25,666 塔拉曼卡山脉中。 in the Talamancas. 311 00:31:30,233 --> 00:31:33,933 体重仅如一便士硬币， She weighs barely as much as a penny, 312 00:31:33,933 --> 00:31:36,966 以适合微型鸟喙的 and feeds in the shrubs on the tiny mountain flowers 313 00:31:36,966 --> 00:31:38,766 高山小花为食。 that suit her miniature bill. 314 00:31:41,433 --> 00:31:45,166 但它的食量绝对不小。 But her appetite is anything but small. 315 00:31:45,166 --> 00:31:48,266 每日需补充12000卡路里。 she has to replenish 12,000 calories a day. 316 00:31:53,033 --> 00:31:57,400 花朵每次只释放微量花蜜， The flowers release only a small serving of nectar at a time, 317 00:31:57,400 --> 00:32:01,533 确保它持续回访。 to keep her coming back for more. 318 00:32:01,533 --> 00:32:04,166 每滴花蜜都需奋力争夺。 And she has to fight for every drop. 319 00:32:24,033 --> 00:32:26,433 火山蜂鸟的祖先 The Volcano Hummingbird's ancestors 320 00:32:26,433 --> 00:32:29,266 迁居至这些山峰开辟领地， moved up to these peaks to carve out territory 321 00:32:29,266 --> 00:32:31,833 避开拥挤的低地森林。 above the more crowded lowland forests. 322 00:32:33,966 --> 00:32:37,866 如今它已完全适应严苛环境。 Now, she is custom-built for the austere environment. 323 00:32:42,033 --> 00:32:45,166 山脉回报它的坚韧，赐予专属的 For her tenacity, the mountain rewards her with her own 324 00:32:45,166 --> 00:32:48,166 迷你花卉世界。 little world of pint-sized flowers. 325 00:32:50,600 --> 00:32:52,366 它每日的采食与园艺工作 Her daily feeding and gardening 326 00:32:52,366 --> 00:32:56,666 维持着山顶植物的结果... keep the plants in fruit across the mountain peak... 327 00:32:56,666 --> 00:32:59,000 甚至供养着几位耐寒邻居。 and even feeds a few hardy neighbors. 328 00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:08,600 丝鹟享用着新鲜的高海拔果实。 A silky flycatcher appreciates the fresh high-altitude produce. 329 00:33:16,966 --> 00:33:18,500 繁殖季节期间， During mating season, 330 00:33:18,500 --> 00:33:23,433 雄性火山蜂鸟会攀升至11000英尺高度， male volcano hummingbirds will ascend as high as 11,000 feet, 331 00:33:23,433 --> 00:33:26,366 在开阔处展示虹彩喉羽 and perch in the open to attract females 332 00:33:26,366 --> 00:33:28,666 吸引雌鸟。 with their iridescent gorgets. 333 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:36,233 但交配后，它会前往更舒适的气候区， But after mating, he heads off to more comfortable climates, 334 00:33:36,233 --> 00:33:39,133 留下雌鸟在云端之上 leaving the female to do the rigorous work of nesting 335 00:33:39,133 --> 00:33:40,766 完成艰巨的筑巢任务。 above the clouds. 336 00:33:49,266 --> 00:33:52,400 在风暴摧残的灌木枝头， In the branches of a storm-worn shrub, 337 00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:57,500 待产的雌鸟完成巢穴最后修饰， the expectant female puts the finishing touches on her nest, 338 00:33:57,500 --> 00:34:00,800 确保能抵御高海拔强风。 ensuring it can withstand high-altitude winds. 339 00:34:06,633 --> 00:34:10,166 它将产下两颗软糖大小的卵， She'll lay two eggs the size of jelly beans, 340 00:34:10,166 --> 00:34:13,533 两周时间里，它唯一使命就是孵化 and for two weeks, her sole purpose is to incubate 341 00:34:13,533 --> 00:34:16,700 下一代山地先驱。 the next generation of mountain pioneers. 342 00:34:21,733 --> 00:34:24,633 筑巢季不仅存在于山区， It's nesting season not just here in the mountains, 343 00:34:24,633 --> 00:34:27,866 更遍布哥斯达黎加所有栖息地。 but across every habitat in Costa Rica. 344 00:34:31,400 --> 00:34:37,333 从高山到低地森林， From the high mountains to the lowland forest, 345 00:34:37,333 --> 00:34:42,333 每位准妈妈都用植物纤维、苔藓 every mom-to-be weaves a nest from plant fibers, moss, 346 00:34:42,333 --> 00:34:44,166 甚至蜘蛛网编织巢穴。 and even spider webs. 347 00:34:50,933 --> 00:34:54,000 铜头翠蜂鸟用苔藓网格 A coppery-headed emerald camouflages her nest 348 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:55,833 伪装巢穴。 with a latticework of lichen. 349 00:34:59,066 --> 00:35:03,266 镰嘴蜂鸟偏爱瀑布边的垂悬棕榈。 The sicklebill makes use of hanging palms near waterfalls. 350 00:35:05,966 --> 00:35:09,833 棕尾蜂鸟选择视野开阔的高处。 A rufous tail favors a high perch with a good view. 351 00:35:12,533 --> 00:35:15,266 但所有蜂鸟都会建造海绵状杯巢 But all hummingbirds build a spongy cup 352 00:35:15,266 --> 00:35:17,833 随雏鸟成长而扩展。 that can expand as the hatchlings grow. 353 00:35:31,966 --> 00:35:33,166 雏鸟破壳后， Once they hatch, 354 00:35:33,166 --> 00:35:36,833 育雏成为全天候工作； mothering becomes a full-time job; 355 00:35:36,833 --> 00:35:40,066 成长中的幼鸟每20分钟就需要进食。 the growing chicks need to eat every 20 minutes. 356 00:35:46,200 --> 00:35:49,966 所有蜂鸟妈妈都从花朵采集食物， Moms of all species harvest food from flowers, 357 00:35:49,966 --> 00:35:54,233 将额外花蜜储存在 filling a special sac in her throat called a crop 358 00:35:54,233 --> 00:35:56,666 嗉囊中哺育幼雏。 to carry extra nectar for the babies. 359 00:36:02,300 --> 00:36:04,866 这是雏鸟初次品尝 It's the first taste of the very syrup 360 00:36:04,866 --> 00:36:07,166 未来生命的核心食粮。 that will be the focus of their lives. 361 00:36:19,166 --> 00:36:22,566 但成长中的雏鸟也需要蛋白质， But the growing chicks also need protein, 362 00:36:22,566 --> 00:36:26,033 母亲会用稳定供应的昆虫补充花蜜。 and she supplements the nectar with a steady diet of insects. 363 00:36:30,266 --> 00:36:31,933 飞行捕猎时， Hunting on the wing, 364 00:36:31,933 --> 00:36:36,133 这些职场妈妈每日可捕获多达2000只昆虫。 these working moms can catch up to 2,000 insects a day. 365 00:36:54,466 --> 00:36:55,900 三周后， After three weeks, 366 00:36:55,900 --> 00:36:58,266 雏鸟开始躁动不安。 the hatchlings begin to get restless. 367 00:37:02,733 --> 00:37:06,166 一只山地蜂鸟宝宝试飞羽翼。 A baby mountain-gem tests its wings. 368 00:37:06,166 --> 00:37:08,700 它还未做好起跳准备。 It's not quite ready to take the leap. 369 00:37:13,633 --> 00:37:18,533 蓝喉金尾蜂鸟刚完成首飞。 A blue-throated goldentail has just taken her first flight. 370 00:37:18,533 --> 00:37:21,400 但它的喙还未长到位； But her bill hasn't caught up to her body; 371 00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:23,966 还需两周才能生长到 it'll be two weeks before it grows long enough 372 00:37:23,966 --> 00:37:25,700 足以采蜜传粉。 to feed and pollinate. 373 00:37:30,366 --> 00:37:34,900 即使离巢，妈妈仍会赶来救援。 Even outside the nest, mom comes to the rescue. 374 00:37:49,900 --> 00:37:51,400 通过所有觅食活动， With all her foraging, 375 00:37:51,400 --> 00:37:54,233 母亲喂养的远不止幼雏。 mom is feeding more than just her chicks. 376 00:37:57,366 --> 00:38:00,733 它造访的花朵胚珠很快成熟为 The ovules of the flowers she visits soon ripen 377 00:38:00,733 --> 00:38:05,000 大量种子与新鲜果实... into a spread of seeds and fresh fruit... 378 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:07,000 当果实丰盈时， and when fruit is abundant, 379 00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:10,533 将影响森林生活的每个方面。 it affects every aspect of life in the forest. 380 00:38:26,666 --> 00:38:28,700 隐匿在中部高地的 Tucked into the central highlands 381 00:38:28,700 --> 00:38:30,566 是哥斯达黎加最富饶 is one of Costa Rica's richest 382 00:38:30,566 --> 00:38:34,333 也最神秘的环境... and most mysterious environments... 383 00:38:34,333 --> 00:38:36,200 云雾森林。 the cloud forest. 384 00:38:40,533 --> 00:38:42,166 在这片苔藓林地， In these mossy woodlands, 385 00:38:42,166 --> 00:38:45,700 天空本身用永恒雾霭浸润树木... the sky itself steeps the trees in perpetual fog... 386 00:38:48,266 --> 00:38:50,866 ...滋养着地球上生物多样性 ...nourishing one of the most biodiverse environments 387 00:38:50,866 --> 00:38:52,500 最丰富的环境之一。 on the planet. 388 00:38:57,133 --> 00:38:59,666 花朵终年绽放， Flowers are always in bloom, 389 00:38:59,666 --> 00:39:01,866 蜂鸟持续的嗡鸣 and a steady buzz of hummingbirds 390 00:39:01,866 --> 00:39:04,566 确保树木硕果累累。 ensures the trees are heavy with fruit. 391 00:39:11,066 --> 00:39:14,133 便捷的食物获取解放了时间 Such easy access to food frees up time 392 00:39:14,133 --> 00:39:16,566 得以专注其他事务... to focus on other things... 393 00:39:16,566 --> 00:39:17,866 比如仪表装扮。 like how you look. 394 00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:30,033 全球最小的雪顶蜂鸟 One of the world's tiniest birds, the snowcap hummingbird, 395 00:39:30,033 --> 00:39:33,333 仅存于中美洲云雾森林。 is found only here in the Central American cloud forest. 396 00:39:37,433 --> 00:39:39,766 身高仅两英寸多， Just over 2 inches tall, 397 00:39:39,766 --> 00:39:42,700 它以优雅白冠吸引雌鸟。 he impresses females with a handsome white crown. 398 00:39:46,666 --> 00:39:50,366 雪冠愈纯净，愈能赢得雌鸟青睐。 The snowier the cap, the more likely to catch a female's eye. 399 00:39:54,266 --> 00:39:57,500 雌鸟羽色远为素淡， Females are far more subdued in color, 400 00:39:57,500 --> 00:40:00,566 这几乎是所有蜂鸟的特征。 a pattern for nearly all hummingbird species. 401 00:40:05,600 --> 00:40:06,933 但我们逐渐发现 But we're beginning to learn 402 00:40:06,933 --> 00:40:09,200 这些小小传粉者 that with these little pollinators, 403 00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:11,333 往往表里不一。 things aren't always what they seem. 404 00:40:30,633 --> 00:40:34,400 白颈雅各蜂雄鸟暂停采食 A male white-necked Jacobin takes a break from feeding 405 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:37,633 休憩消化。 to rest and digest. 406 00:40:37,633 --> 00:40:41,466 但这些家伙从不停歇。 But there's no rest for these guys. 407 00:40:41,466 --> 00:40:44,400 白颈雅各蜂是臭名昭著的恶霸。 White-necked Jacobins are notorious bullies. 408 00:40:47,966 --> 00:40:52,433 在任何食物源都表现出攻击性与领地意识， Aggressive and territorial around any food source, 409 00:40:52,433 --> 00:40:54,600 随时准备干架。 they're always ready for a brawl. 410 00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:08,533 金属蓝燕尾服与蓬松白裙装 Their metallic blue tuxedos and flared white skirts 411 00:41:08,533 --> 00:41:13,133 使其与羽色朴素的雌鸟截然不同。 distinguish them from females, who sport a less glitzy green. 412 00:41:18,233 --> 00:41:20,500 巨大的羽色差异 This vast difference in coloration 413 00:41:20,500 --> 00:41:23,733 使雌鸟常遭骚扰。 makes females a target for constant harassment. 414 00:41:34,900 --> 00:41:37,833 几乎无法安静进食。 It's almost impossible to feed in peace. 415 00:41:43,500 --> 00:41:47,766 但某些雌鸟找到了聪明对策... But some females have found a clever solution... 416 00:41:47,766 --> 00:41:50,333 而这些雄鸟中藏着秘密。 and a few of these males have a secret. 417 00:41:53,766 --> 00:41:57,100 所有白颈雅各蜂出生时 At birth, all white-necked Jacobins are born 418 00:41:57,100 --> 00:41:59,400 都具雄性羽色。 with male coloring. 419 00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:02,666 雌鸟成熟后会褪去艳色 As females mature, they shed their vivid colors 420 00:42:02,666 --> 00:42:04,533 转为素雅色调。 for a more muted palette. 421 00:42:08,066 --> 00:42:11,033 但每五只雌鸟就有一只保留 But one out of every five females holds on 422 00:42:11,033 --> 00:42:13,133 雄性装扮， to their male costume, 423 00:42:13,133 --> 00:42:16,400 成年后仍保持亮蓝色。 keeping their bright blue coloring into adulthood. 424 00:42:20,100 --> 00:42:24,366 "伪装"让它能在鸟群中隐形。 The "disguise" lets her slip through the crowd unnoticed. 425 00:42:27,966 --> 00:42:32,066 在食源处可尽情享用。 And at a feeding flower, she can linger as long as she likes. 426 00:42:37,166 --> 00:42:40,066 这被称为"欺骗性着色"， It's called "deceptive coloration," 427 00:42:40,066 --> 00:42:41,466 我们刚刚发现 and we're just discovering 428 00:42:41,466 --> 00:42:44,233 这可能比想象中更普遍。 it may be more common than we think. 429 00:42:44,233 --> 00:42:48,866 正因如此，这只雌鸟的生活不再艰难。 And it's why for this female, life is no longer a drag. 430 00:42:59,400 --> 00:43:01,500 持续的采蜜传粉 All this feeding and pollinating 431 00:43:01,500 --> 00:43:06,533 使云雾森林成为果实宝库。 makes the cloud forest a cornucopia of fruit. 432 00:43:06,533 --> 00:43:08,500 生活如此惬意， With such easy living, 433 00:43:08,500 --> 00:43:10,833 食果鸟类群体 the community of fruit-eating birds 434 00:43:10,833 --> 00:43:13,633 有空闲炫耀华服。 has free time to flaunt their finery. 435 00:43:16,666 --> 00:43:20,066 为争夺森林最炫装扮， Competing for the fanciest costume in the forest, 436 00:43:20,066 --> 00:43:23,900 长尾侏儒鸟试图抢占风头。 long-tailed manakins attempt to steal the spotlight. 437 00:43:27,600 --> 00:43:31,366 但林间隐匿着传奇生物 But hidden inside the trees is a rare and legendary creature 438 00:43:31,366 --> 00:43:33,133 更胜一筹。 that takes the prize. 439 00:43:37,466 --> 00:43:39,666 被阿兹特克与玛雅人尊为 It was revered by the Aztecs and Mayans 440 00:43:39,666 --> 00:43:45,466 "风神"，初见之时 as the "God of the Air," and at first glimpse, 441 00:43:45,466 --> 00:43:48,866 确如神迹显现。 it certainly appears supernatural. 442 00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:59,033 凤尾绿咬鹃恍若幻影， The resplendent quetzal is an apparition, 443 00:43:59,033 --> 00:44:01,633 被公认为全球 widely considered one of the most beautiful birds 444 00:44:01,633 --> 00:44:03,366 最美鸟类之一。 in the world. 445 00:44:13,233 --> 00:44:16,266 三英尺长的飘逸尾羽 Streamers of billowing tail feathers over three feet 446 00:44:16,266 --> 00:44:20,400 在空中书写求偶邀约。 long write an invitation in the air for female attention. 447 00:44:24,333 --> 00:44:28,400 附近一只尾羽更实用的雌鸟 And one female nearby, with more practical tail feathers, 448 00:44:28,400 --> 00:44:30,800 注意到了。 takes notice. 449 00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:35,200 但这只雄鸟已名花有主；一旦被雌鸟选中， But this male is already taken; once he's chosen by a female, 450 00:44:35,200 --> 00:44:38,766 绿咬鹃便终身不渝。 a Quetzal mates for life. 451 00:44:38,766 --> 00:44:41,833 它的大黑眼帮助在幽暗森林 His large, dark eyes help him find food 452 00:44:41,833 --> 00:44:44,600 寻找食物。 in his murky forest environment. 453 00:44:44,600 --> 00:44:47,500 它只专注于果实。 And his singular focus is fruit. 454 00:44:54,000 --> 00:44:57,066 主食是一种叫"小鳄梨"的 A mainstay of their diet is aguacatillo, 455 00:44:57,066 --> 00:45:00,833 野生小牛油果。 a small, wild avocado. 456 00:45:00,833 --> 00:45:05,533 它们整颗吞下后休息约20分钟， The birds swallow them whole and rest for about 20 minutes, 457 00:45:05,533 --> 00:45:08,933 等待胃酸分解果肉。 while their stomach acids digest the flesh of the fruit. 458 00:45:11,966 --> 00:45:13,733 消化完毕后... When she's finished... 459 00:45:13,733 --> 00:45:16,066 这个过程实在不雅。 there's no elegant way to do this. 460 00:45:18,433 --> 00:45:22,466 果树终极目标达成： It's the ultimate goal of the fruit tree, achieved: 461 00:45:22,466 --> 00:45:24,900 种子传播至新土壤。 its seed spread to new soil. 462 00:45:29,400 --> 00:45:33,066 但这只食果鸟也是顾家好男人； But this fruiteater is also a family man; 463 00:45:33,066 --> 00:45:35,066 巢中还有饥饿幼雏。 there are hungry chicks at home. 464 00:45:37,466 --> 00:45:38,833 不同于蜂鸟， Unlike hummingbirds, 465 00:45:38,833 --> 00:45:42,200 绿咬鹃夫妻共同育雏。 Quetzal pairs share all parenting duties. 466 00:45:49,466 --> 00:45:54,500 有时雏鸟会眼大肚子小... Sometimes, a chick's eyes can be bigger than its appetite... 467 00:45:54,500 --> 00:45:57,966 或嘴不够大。 or its mouth. 468 00:45:57,966 --> 00:46:01,333 但经过努力还是吃到了。 But with some effort, it gets its meal. 469 00:46:03,733 --> 00:46:07,400 森林或许因此多一棵树。 And the forest might just get another tree. 470 00:46:18,233 --> 00:46:22,666 繁殖季由气候决定， Nesting season is dictated by the weather, 471 00:46:22,666 --> 00:46:25,633 而哥斯达黎加气候正在变化。 and in Costa Rica, the weather is changing. 472 00:46:28,600 --> 00:46:31,433 雨季正在偏移， Rainy seasons are shifting, 473 00:46:31,433 --> 00:46:34,466 未来可能更加多雨。 and it's likely the future will only get wetter. 474 00:46:38,700 --> 00:46:41,066 抵御气候变化的关键 Protecting against this shifting climate 475 00:46:41,066 --> 00:46:45,600 在于该国最重要的生态系统... is one of the country's most critical ecosystems... 476 00:46:45,600 --> 00:46:48,800 由神秘的小蜂鸟守护。 tended to by one elusive little hummingbird. 477 00:46:53,833 --> 00:46:56,500 太平洋沿岸散布着 Scattered along the Pacific coast, 478 00:46:56,500 --> 00:47:00,500 渴求的根须探向潮水。 tangled masses of thirsty roots reach for the tide. 479 00:47:03,533 --> 00:47:06,666 淡水河与咸海交汇处， Where freshwater rivers meet salty ocean, 480 00:47:06,666 --> 00:47:09,266 红树林延展形成 a sprawling forest of mangroves forms 481 00:47:09,266 --> 00:47:11,900 海洋力量的缓冲海绵。 a sponge for the ocean's power. 482 00:47:16,366 --> 00:47:20,000 红树是唯一能通过复杂根系 Mangroves are the only trees that can filter freshwater 483 00:47:20,000 --> 00:47:23,766 过滤海水的树种。 from saltwater through a complex system of roots. 484 00:47:27,466 --> 00:47:31,900 这些盘根错节吸收潮涌风暴， These intertwined tendrils absorb tidal surges and storms, 485 00:47:31,900 --> 00:47:36,900 保护海岸线并稳固土壤。 shielding the coastline and binding the soil in place. 486 00:47:36,900 --> 00:47:40,800 这里是化育新生的圣地。 And this place is made for transformation. 487 00:47:49,566 --> 00:47:52,600 每日两次涨潮将海洋带入 Twice a day, the rising tide brings the ocean 488 00:47:52,600 --> 00:47:54,233 森林腹地... into the forest... 489 00:47:57,700 --> 00:48:01,666 ...形成富饶的湿地育婴室， ...becoming a rich wetland nursery, 490 00:48:01,666 --> 00:48:07,833 850余种鸟类甚至鳄鱼 a welcome buffet for over 850 species of birds... 491 00:48:07,833 --> 00:48:09,966 的盛宴之地。 and even crocodiles. 492 00:48:12,266 --> 00:48:14,866 在密根深处隐藏着 And hidden among the dense roots, 493 00:48:14,866 --> 00:48:16,066 一位小小园丁 there's one little gardener 494 00:48:16,066 --> 00:48:19,066 正让咸水红树开花结果。 bringing these salty mangroves into flower. 495 00:48:25,566 --> 00:48:29,533 红树林蜂鸟是全球最稀有鸟类之一... Mangrove hummingbirds are one of the rarest birds in the world... 496 00:48:31,600 --> 00:48:36,033 ...被这独特生境塑造... ...shaped and formed by this peculiar habitat... 497 00:48:36,033 --> 00:48:38,733 雄鸟披蓝绿华服... males in a handsome blue and green... 498 00:48:40,833 --> 00:48:45,333 雌鸟完美隐匿于灰白树影。 females perfectly camouflaged in the ghostly gray trees. 499 00:48:49,466 --> 00:48:52,066 这些坚韧的鸟儿学会在 These tenacious birds have learned to feed 500 00:48:52,066 --> 00:48:55,833 低矮红树林觅食， on the low trees of the mangroves, 501 00:48:55,833 --> 00:48:58,900 搜寻每一滴花蜜。 seeking out nectar wherever they can find it. 502 00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:04,433 最爱的印加豆花 A favorite, the inga flower, 503 00:49:04,433 --> 00:49:07,333 授粉后结成香草风味 ripens when pollinated into vanilla-flavored 504 00:49:07,333 --> 00:49:09,933 "冰淇淋豆"荚果。 pods called ice cream beans. 505 00:49:11,966 --> 00:49:15,466 邻居们对甜食毫无抵抗力。 And the neighbors have a serious sweet tooth. 506 00:49:21,900 --> 00:49:24,166 白面卷尾猴在这立体丛林 White-faced capuchins are right at home 507 00:49:24,166 --> 00:49:26,566 如鱼得水。 in this jungle-gym environment. 508 00:49:35,033 --> 00:49:37,566 大家族集体行动， The large family group travels together, 509 00:49:37,566 --> 00:49:41,333 享用红树林蜂鸟的劳动果实。 feeding on the fruits of the mangrove hummingbird's labor. 510 00:49:44,933 --> 00:49:47,433 高阶成员占据果树 Higher ranking members take prime positions 511 00:49:47,433 --> 00:49:49,066 最佳位置。 at a feeding tree. 512 00:49:51,466 --> 00:49:54,633 青少年们捡拾落果... For adolescents, anything that falls... 513 00:49:54,633 --> 00:49:56,266 来者不拒。 is fair game. 514 00:49:58,333 --> 00:50:02,333 但捡拾落果绝非胆小者所能为。 But fishing for fallen fruit is not for the faint of heart. 515 00:50:28,166 --> 00:50:29,600 风险愈大... The greater the risk... 516 00:50:29,600 --> 00:50:31,300 回报愈甜。 the sweeter the reward. 517 00:50:37,966 --> 00:50:43,766 这些高智商猴子每日活动范围可达2英里。 These highly intelligent monkeys can cover up to 2 miles a day. 518 00:50:43,766 --> 00:50:45,966 不断迁徙中，它们传播着 Always on the move, they take with them 519 00:50:45,966 --> 00:50:50,533 新红树的种子， the seeds of new beginnings, new mangroves, 520 00:50:50,533 --> 00:50:52,933 为自身也为供养它们的蜂鸟 shaping a new environment for them 521 00:50:52,933 --> 00:50:55,666 塑造新家园。 and for the hummingbirds that feed them. 522 00:50:59,233 --> 00:51:02,233 这些盘根错节如同 These interconnected roots are like the creatures 523 00:51:02,233 --> 00:51:04,666 哥斯达黎加的所有生灵。 that inhabit all of Costa Rica. 524 00:51:08,266 --> 00:51:11,133 每个生命都是 Each one a vital link... 525 00:51:11,133 --> 00:51:14,066 动植物网络的关键纽带... in a living network of animals and plants... 526 00:51:19,700 --> 00:51:21,866 ...形态迥异的生命... ...beings that couldn't be more different... 527 00:51:24,833 --> 00:51:28,133 ...适应极端多样的环境... ...adapted to wildly diverse environments... 528 00:51:33,700 --> 00:51:36,066 ...都被这群闪耀的 ...all connected by the sparkling, 529 00:51:36,066 --> 00:51:38,100 神奇的小劳工... wondrous little workers... 530 00:51:41,666 --> 00:51:43,300 ...通过它们的争斗... ...who, through their fighting... 531 00:51:46,500 --> 00:51:48,133 ...觅食... ...foraging... 532 00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:54,566 ...与奇迹般的生活... ...and miraculous lives... 533 00:51:57,633 --> 00:52:01,200 ...为美洲十字路口带来... ...bring color... 534 00:52:01,200 --> 00:52:03,966 色彩... food... 535 00:52:03,966 --> 00:52:07,966 食物... and life... 536 00:52:07,966 --> 00:52:10,433 与生机。 to the crossroads of the Americas. 537 00:52:17,933 --> 00:52:20,833 这就是蜂鸟效应。 That's the hummingbird effect. 538 00:52:57,500 --> 00:53:01,066 了解更多《自然》节目内容 To learn more about what you've seen on this "Nature" program, 539 00:53:01,066 --> 00:53:03,066 请访问pbs.org visit pbs.org.