1  
00:00:14,533 --> 00:00:15,633  
犬科动物。  
The canids.  

2  
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一个家族。  
One family.  

3  
00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:29,500  
三十七张不同的面孔。  
Thirty-seven different faces.  

4  
00:00:33,766 --> 00:00:36,000  
此刻，在世界各地……  
Right now, across the world...  

5  
00:00:38,633 --> 00:00:41,133  
……人们正竭尽全力……  
...people are going to extraordinary lengths...  

6  
00:00:42,733 --> 00:00:46,666  
……去了解……  
...to understand  

7  
00:00:46,666 --> 00:00:49,533  
并帮助这些神奇的物种。  
and help these amazing species.  

8  
00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:54,200  
这是幼崽2号。  
This is Pup 2.  

9  
00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:56,333  
有了惊人的发现……  
Making incredible discoveries...  

10  
00:00:57,233 --> 00:00:59,566  
哦，太好了，是只豺狼。  
Oh, nice, a jackal.  

11  
00:00:59,566 --> 00:01:01,700  
比以往任何时候都更接近  
Getting closer than ever before  

12  
00:01:01,700 --> 00:01:04,766  
这些神秘而难以捉摸的动物。  
to these elusive and secretive animals.  

13  
00:01:04,766 --> 00:01:09,200  
这是大自然赐予的美丽礼物。  
It's a beautiful gift of the nature.  

14  
00:01:09,200 --> 00:01:13,466  
揭示在现代世界中成为一只野狗需要什么。  
Uncovering what it takes to be a wild dog in our modern world.  

15  
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永远改变了我们的理解  
Forever changing our understanding  

16  
00:01:18,033 --> 00:01:20,133  
关于这个神奇的家族。  
of this incredible family.  

17  
00:01:59,800 --> 00:02:01,533  
非洲野犬。  
African wild dogs.  

18  
00:02:04,700 --> 00:02:07,333  
以多达40只的群体生活。  
Living in packs of up to 40 strong.  

19  
00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:11,366  
它们一起狩猎……  
They hunt together...  

20  
00:02:14,333 --> 00:02:15,766  
……一起抚养幼崽……  
...raise pups together...  

21  
00:02:17,833 --> 00:02:21,266  
……并一起保卫领地。  
...and defend their territories together.  

22  
00:02:25,266 --> 00:02:29,333  
但它们高度发达的社会和情感纽带  
But it's their highly developed social and emotional bonds  

23  
00:02:29,333 --> 00:02:32,166  
使它们与其他犬科动物不同。  
that sets them apart from other canids.  

24  
00:02:37,866 --> 00:02:40,600  
而现在，我们开始发现  
And now, we're starting to uncover  

25  
00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:44,733  
家庭对它们的生存有多么重要。  
just how vital family is to their very survival.  

26  
00:02:50,700 --> 00:02:52,833  
科尔·杜·普莱西斯已经  
Cole du Plessis has been working  

27  
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与野犬一起工作了十多年。  
with wild dogs for over ten years.  

28  
00:02:58,133 --> 00:03:01,866  
非洲野犬被人类射杀和诱捕，  
African wild dogs are shot and trapped by humans,  

29  
00:03:01,866 --> 00:03:04,966  
因为他们认为它们对牲畜和猎物构成威胁。  
who see them as a threat to livestock and game animals.  

30  
00:03:09,700 --> 00:03:12,300  
科尔和他的团队不懈努力，  
Cole and his team work tirelessly,  

31  
00:03:12,300 --> 00:03:15,000  
拯救这些严重受伤的野犬。  
rescuing these critically injured dogs.  

32  
00:03:18,233 --> 00:03:20,933  
将它们转移到安全的设施中。  
Relocating them to secure facilities.  

33  
00:03:28,066 --> 00:03:31,000  
在这里，它们接受全天候的照顾  
Here, they receive round the clock care  

34  
00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:32,866  
以恢复健康。  
to nurse them back to health.  

35  
00:03:39,233 --> 00:03:42,166  
但科尔和他的团队注意到一些令人困惑的现象  
But Cole and his team have noticed something puzzling  

36  
00:03:42,166 --> 00:03:44,400  
发生在被救助的野犬身上。  
happening to the rescued dogs.  

37  
00:03:46,033 --> 00:03:47,466  
我们有一只雌性首领。  
We had an alpha female.  

38  
00:03:47,466 --> 00:03:49,766  
她被陷阱困住了。  
She had been caught in a snare.  

39  
00:03:49,766 --> 00:03:52,266  
兽医迅速出动，抓住了这只野犬，  
A vet rushes out, catches the dog,  

40  
00:03:52,266 --> 00:03:54,766  
将其带回康复中心  
takes it back to a rehabilitation center  

41  
00:03:54,766 --> 00:03:57,733  
尽管身体上的伤口已经愈合，  
and, despite the physical injuries actually healing,  

42  
00:03:57,733 --> 00:03:59,933  
她的情况并没有真正好转。  
she really wasn't getting any better.  

43  
00:04:03,266 --> 00:04:05,766  
尽管伤口已经愈合，  
Despite recovering from their injuries,  

44  
00:04:05,766 --> 00:04:07,866  
这些野犬却神秘地死亡。  
the dogs were mysteriously dying.  

45  
00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:16,666  
令人难以置信的是，答案隐藏在  
Incredibly, the answers lie hidden  

46  
00:04:16,666 --> 00:04:19,000  
野犬的尸检结果中。  
in the dogs' postmortem results.  

47  
00:04:22,033 --> 00:04:23,833  
其中一份尸检报告，  
One postmortem, in particular,  

48  
00:04:23,833 --> 00:04:27,233  
让科尔的团队有了突破性的发现。  
led Cole's team to a groundbreaking discovery.  

49  
00:04:28,566 --> 00:04:30,933  
在这个特殊的案例中，他们将野犬留在那里  
In this particular case, they kept the dog there  

50  
00:04:30,933 --> 00:04:34,433  
十天，而她在十天后死亡。  
for ten days and she actually died ten days later.  

51  
00:04:34,433 --> 00:04:36,433  
当他们进行尸检时，再次  
When they did the postmortem, they were, again,  

52  
00:04:36,433 --> 00:04:38,266  
震惊地发现这只野犬  
shocked to find that this wild dog  

53  
00:04:38,266 --> 00:04:40,666  
实际上死于心碎综合症。  
had actually died of broken heart syndrome.  

54  
00:04:42,566 --> 00:04:46,000  
实际上是心脏破裂或心脏周围压力过大，  
It's effectively heart ruptures or stress around the heart,  

55  
00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:48,800  
这就是心碎综合症得名的原因。  
which is how the broken heart syndrome got its name.  

56  
00:04:50,433 --> 00:04:54,600  
心碎综合症是由极度压力引起的。  
Broken heart syndrome is caused by extreme stress.  

57  
00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:57,866  
这是一种在人类丧亲后可能出现的症状。  
It's a condition that can affect humans after a bereavement.  

58  
00:04:59,466 --> 00:05:03,200  
而令人震惊的是，这正是野犬死亡的原因。  
And, astonishingly, this is what killed the dogs.  

59  
00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:09,133  
野外的野犬会为家庭成员的死亡而哀悼，  
Dogs in the wild grieve the death of a family member,  

60  
00:05:09,133 --> 00:05:11,866  
常常表现出明显的抑郁和退缩。  
often becoming visibly depressed and withdrawn.  

61  
00:05:13,633 --> 00:05:16,200  
科尔注意到康复中的野犬  
Cole noticed the dogs in rehabilitation  

62  
00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:18,566  
因与群体分离而遭受极度悲痛  
were suffering from extreme grief  

63  
00:05:18,566 --> 00:05:20,433  
当它们与群体分离时。  
when separated from their pack.  

64  
00:05:21,333 --> 00:05:23,900  
尽管它们是坚韧而强壮的动物，  
As much as they are resilient and tough animals,  

65  
00:05:23,900 --> 00:05:26,066  
它们也是非常情绪化的动物  
they are also very emotionally driven animals  

66  
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它们需要那种情感支持  
and they need that sort of emotional backing  

67  
00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:29,533  
或支持来帮助它们。  
or support to help them.  

68  
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正是这种真实的社群结构  
And it's that real community structure  

69  
00:05:33,466 --> 00:05:34,966  
帮助野犬康复。  
that helps wild dogs heal.  

70  
00:05:38,333 --> 00:05:41,500  
我们如何在圈养环境中治疗被救助的野犬  
How can we treat rescued dogs in captivity  

71  
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而不会给这些情感敏感的动物  
without causing high levels of stress  

72  
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带来高度压力？  
to these emotionally sensitive animals?  

73  
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在一个决定性的日子，  
One fateful day,  

74  
00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:54,100  
科尔接到一个关于一只严重受伤的野犬的电话  
Cole received a call about a badly injured dog  

75  
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它被亲切地昵称为“泪珠”。  
that was affectionately nicknamed Teardrop.  

76  
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有一天，这个群体离开了保护区  
One day, the pack had left the protected area  

77  
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与一个农民发生了接触  
and came in contact with a farmer  

78  
00:06:03,333 --> 00:06:06,266  
农民向它们开枪，射杀了几个群体成员。  
that opened fire on them and shot several pack members.  

79  
00:06:09,766 --> 00:06:11,566  
这些野犬被射杀仅仅是因为  
The dogs were shot simply  

80  
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它们闯入了农民的土地。  
because they ventured onto the farmer's land.  

81  
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枪伤从她的左前腿穿过  
And the gunshot wound had come through her front left leg  

82  
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从胸部下方穿出。  
and exited just below her chest here.  

83  
00:06:26,366 --> 00:06:28,333  
但科尔如何防止“泪珠”遭受  
But how would Cole prevent Teardrop from suffering  

84  
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心碎综合症的致命后果？  
the fatal consequences of broken heart syndrome?  

85  
00:06:33,800 --> 00:06:37,200  
我们选择将幸存的群体成员  
We opted to take the surviving pack members  

86  
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与“泪珠”一起治疗，  
and treat her with them,  

87  
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但她需要进行六到八个月的康复  
but she had to undergo six or eight months' worth  

88  
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才能再次  
of rehabilitation before she could, you know,  

89  
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在她的腿和胸部承受重量。  
once again, put weight on her leg and on her chest.  

90  
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通过让其他与“泪珠”一起被救助的群体成员  
By keeping other pack members that were rescued with Teardrop  

91  
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在她康复期间陪伴在她身边，  
by her side throughout her recovery,  

92  
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她得到了所需的情感支持。  
she had the emotional support that she needed.  

93  
00:06:58,866 --> 00:07:02,433  
我们以前见过一些非常可怕的伤势，  
We've seen some very horrific injuries before,  

94  
00:07:02,433 --> 00:07:04,166  
但这次的康复  
but, you know, this recovery  

95  
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至少可以说是非常了不起的。  
was just quite remarkable, to say the least.  

96  
00:07:09,566 --> 00:07:11,866  
今天对“泪珠”来说是个大日子。  
Today is a big day for Teardrop.  

97  
00:07:12,900 --> 00:07:14,866  
在小心镇静后，  
Having been carefully sedated,  

98  
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她和她的群体将搬到一个新的、更安全的家，  
she and her pack are moving to a new, safer, home,  

99  
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在一个受保护的国家公园里。  
in a protected national park.  

100  
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而且它们可以乘坐自己的私人飞机。  
And they get to travel in their own private plane.  

101  
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自从科尔和他的团队有了这一非凡发现，  
Since Cole and his team made their remarkable discovery,  

102  
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每一只被救助的严重受伤的野犬  
every single critically injured wild dog rescued  

103  
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只要有健康的群体成员陪伴，都完全康复了。  
with healthy pack members has made a full recovery.  

104  
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并成功回归野外。  
And been successfully returned to the wild.  

105  
00:08:06,233 --> 00:08:09,100  
每一只被拯救的野犬  
Every single wild dog that's saved  

106  
00:08:09,100 --> 00:08:11,300  
在这个高度濒危、情感丰富的物种  
plays a critical role in the survival  

107  
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的生存中扮演着关键角色。  
of this highly endangered, emotionally intelligent species.  

108  
00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:24,933  
我们正处于犬科动物科学发现的黄金时代  
We are in a golden age of canid scientific discovery  

109  
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了解野犬  
and understanding wild dogs  

110  
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是我们帮助它们生存的最佳工具。  
is the best tool we have to help them survive.  

111  
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在北美大平原上  
On the Great Plains of North America  

112  
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生活着地球上最小的犬科动物之一。  
lives one of the planet's smallest dogs.  

113  
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美洲狐。  
The swift fox.  

114  
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体型不比家猫大，  
No bigger than a house cat,  

115  
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这种性格鲜明的犬科动物生活在紧密的家庭群体中。  
this characterful canid lives in tight-knit family groups.  

116  
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如今，美洲的美洲狐  
Today the swift foxes of America  

117  
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被限制在大平原的某些区域。  
are confined to pockets of the Great Plains.  

118  
00:09:13,966 --> 00:09:16,966  
但研究人员希拉·沙蒙和金伯利·托德  
But researchers Hila Shamon and Kimberley Todd  

119  
00:09:16,966 --> 00:09:19,033  
正在研究这种狐狸，努力  
are studying this fox, in an effort  

120  
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恢复它们广泛分布的种群。  
to reinstate their population far and wide.  

121  
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美洲狐曾在大平原上非常常见。  
Swift fox used to be very common across the Great Plains.  

122  
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从萨斯喀彻温省、阿尔伯塔省一直到墨西哥。  
Saskatchewan, Alberta, all the way down to Mexico.  

123  
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但在20世纪30年代左右，  
But around the 1930s,  

124  
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它们的数量减少到历史分布范围的  
they were eliminated to less than 10%  

125  
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不到10%。  
of their historical range.  

126  
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美洲狐成为针对狼、郊狼和草原犬鼠的  
The swift fox was a casualty of predator control programs  

127  
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捕食者控制计划的牺牲品。  
that targeted wolves, coyotes, and prairie dogs.  

128  
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希拉和金伯利正在开展一个五年项目的初期工作  
Hila and Kimberley are at the start of a five-year project  

129  
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将狐狸家族从怀俄明州的  
relocating fox families  

130  
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健康种群迁移到  
from this healthy population in Wyoming  

131  
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近500英里外的蒙大拿州  
to Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in Montana,  

132  
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贝尔纳普堡印第安保留地。
nearly 500 miles away.

133  
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他们正在那里重建狐狸种群  
They're reestablishing a fox population there  

134  
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:17,933  
并逐步扩大该物种的分布范围。  
and gradually expanding the species' range.  

135  
00:10:19,600 --> 00:10:21,533  
但并非每个家族群体都能  
But not every family group is able  

136  
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适应新的领地。  
to adapt to a new territory.  

137  
00:10:25,700 --> 00:10:29,100  
那么，应该迁移哪些狐狸家族呢？  
So, which of the fox families should be moved?  

138  
00:10:32,033 --> 00:10:35,200  
他们认为答案可能取决于一个令人惊讶的因素。  
They believe the answer may depend on a surprising factor.  

139  
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性格。  
Personality.  

140  
00:10:40,966 --> 00:10:43,700  
我们在怀俄明州的工作是尝试  
What we're doing here in Wyoming is trying  

141  
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了解不同的性格和行为如何，  
to understand how different personalities and behaviors,  

142  
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会影响迁移个体的生存？  
how would that impact survival of translocated individuals?  

143  
00:10:54,466 --> 00:10:58,433  
幼崽3号……在休息。  
Juvenile 3...resting.  

144  
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为了弄清楚每个家族中  
To work out the fox personalities present  

145  
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狐狸的性格，  
in each family,  

146  
00:11:02,533 --> 00:11:04,566  
必须观察它们的行为。  
you have to observe their behavior.  

147  
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希拉和金伯利首先通过观察家族对危险的反应  
Hila and Kimberley first test the personalities in the group  

148  
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来测试群体中的性格。  
by seeing how a family reacts to danger.  

149  
00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:15,100  
捕食者。  
A predator.  

150  
00:11:15,100 --> 00:11:16,800  
差不多该播放鹰叫声了。  
It's almost time for the eagle call.  

151  
00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:17,700  
准备好了就说。  
When you're ready.  

152  
00:11:17,700 --> 00:11:18,766  
好的。  
Alright.  

153  
00:11:18,766 --> 00:11:22,900  
3、2、1，开始。  
3, 2, 1, go.  

154  
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幼崽1号、2号和3号保持警觉。  
Juveniles 1, 2, and 3 vigilant.  

155  
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看起来幼崽2号现在有点蹲伏。  
Looks like Juvenile 2 kind of is crouched down now.  

156  
00:11:34,100 --> 00:11:37,466  
所以，我们看到了差异，即使在幼崽之间也是如此。  
So, we are seeing a variation, even between juveniles.  

157  
00:11:37,466 --> 00:11:40,166  
有些更大胆，留在洞穴外，  
Some of them were more bold, stayed out the den,  

158  
00:11:40,166 --> 00:11:42,733  
它们很快意识到没有威胁，  
they realized quickly there was no threat,  

159  
00:11:42,733 --> 00:11:46,566  
而其他一些则有点害怕，躲到了地下。  
while the other ones got a bit scared and went underground.  

160  
00:11:48,333 --> 00:11:51,966  
通过观察它们的反应，他们可以描绘出  
By observing their response, they can build a picture  

161  
00:11:51,966 --> 00:11:53,966  
群体中的性格特征。  
of the personalities within the group.  

162  
00:11:55,666 --> 00:11:58,066  
谨慎的动物在第一次听到危险声音时  
Cautious animals quickly retreat underground  

163  
00:11:58,066 --> 00:11:59,833  
会迅速躲到地下。  
at the first sound of danger.  

164  
00:12:01,066 --> 00:12:04,300  
更大胆的个体会留在外面。  
More bold individuals stay out in the open.  

165  
00:12:07,533 --> 00:12:10,900  
接下来，希拉和金伯利部署了远程摄像机……  
Next, Hila and Kimberley deploy remote cameras...  

166  
00:12:17,266 --> 00:12:20,966  
……希望能揭示狐狸的真实性格。  
...which they hope will reveal the foxes' true personalities.  

167  
00:12:28,233 --> 00:12:32,233  
我们刚刚从一台野外摄像机中取出一张SD卡。  
We just collected an SD card from one of our trail cameras.  

168  
00:12:32,233 --> 00:12:34,100  
我们来看看有什么内容。  
We're going to check out what we have.  

169  
00:12:35,666 --> 00:12:38,366  
好的，看起来我们拍到  
Alright, looks like we have  

170  
00:12:38,366 --> 00:12:39,533  
一只幼崽  
a pup  

171  
00:12:39,533 --> 00:12:40,400  
正在查看  
Checking out  

172  
00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:42,666  
- 摄像机。 - 是的。  
- the cameras. - Yeah.  

173  
00:12:42,666 --> 00:12:44,133  
这里两只幼崽，  
Two juveniles here,  

174  
00:12:44,133 --> 00:12:45,633  
好像在互相玩耍。  
kind of playing around with each other.  

175  
00:12:46,666 --> 00:12:48,066  
- 就是在瞎闹。 - 嗯。  
- Just goofing around. - Mm-hmm.  

176  
00:12:48,066 --> 00:12:49,633  
- 能看下一张吗？ - 可以。  
- Can we see the next one? - Yep.  

177  
00:12:50,933 --> 00:12:51,966  
保持警觉。  
Being vigilant.  

178  
00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:55,866  
大胆、  
Bold,  

179  
00:12:55,866 --> 00:12:57,800  
胆小、  
timid,  

180  
00:12:57,800 --> 00:13:00,566  
好奇或谨慎，  
inquisitive, or cautious,  

181  
00:13:00,566 --> 00:13:04,500  
这些狐狸家族展现出广泛的性格特征。  
these fox families show a wide range of personalities.  

182  
00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:08,933  
爱冒险的家族  
Adventurous families  

183  
00:13:08,933 --> 00:13:11,166  
可能会探索新家，  
might explore a new home,  

184  
00:13:11,166 --> 00:13:14,033  
更容易找到食物和资源。  
finding food and resources more readily.  

185  
00:13:14,033 --> 00:13:17,300  
但之前对圈养出生的美洲狐的研究  
But previous studies of captive-born swift foxes  

186  
00:13:17,300 --> 00:13:19,433  
表明，狐狸越大胆，  
have shown, the bolder the fox,  

187  
00:13:19,433 --> 00:13:22,766  
放归后生存的可能性越低。  
the less likely it is to survive after release.  

188  
00:13:24,766 --> 00:13:26,800  
个体越胆小，  
The more timid the individual,  

189  
00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:29,966  
越能避开潜在危险——  
the more it avoids potential danger --  

190  
00:13:29,966 --> 00:13:33,533  
对这种小狐狸来说是一种关键的生存策略。  
a key survival strategy for such a tiny fox.  

191  
00:13:34,433 --> 00:13:36,633  
如果是个大胆的个体，可能会非常爱探索。  
If it's a bold individual, it may be very exploratory.  

192  
00:13:36,633 --> 00:13:37,833  
它们可能会冒险。  
They may take risks.  

193  
00:13:37,833 --> 00:13:40,466  
可能会去调查任何东西。  
They may go investigate whatever it may be.  

194  
00:13:40,466 --> 00:13:42,400  
当这些狐狸被迁移时，  
As these foxes are being translocated,  

195  
00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:45,933  
它们需要能够对捕食者做出适当反应，  
they need to be able to respond appropriately to a predator,  

196  
00:13:45,933 --> 00:13:48,366  
所以，如果它们在新环境中遇到郊狼或金雕  
so, if they encounter a coyote or a golden eagle  

197  
00:13:48,366 --> 00:13:49,666  
它们需要知道，什么时候保持警觉，  
in their new environment,  
they need to know, you know, when to be vigilant,  

199  
00:13:52,233 --> 00:13:55,566  
什么时候退回洞穴，以避免被捕食，  
when to retreat into a den, so as to avoid being predated,  

200  
00:13:55,566 --> 00:13:57,633  
所以在现实世界中确实存在  
so there are definitely cases in the real world  

201  
00:13:57,633 --> 00:14:01,033  
过于大胆和爱探索  
where being really bold and exploratory  

202  
00:14:01,033 --> 00:14:03,633  
可能带来非常负面的影响。  
can have a very negative effect.  

203  
00:14:03,633 --> 00:14:07,300  
研究还处于早期阶段，但一旦希拉和金伯利  
It's early in their research, but once Hila and Kimberley  

204  
00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:09,600  
确定了狐狸家族的不同性格  
have identified the different personalities  

205  
00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:11,300  
他们将观察每个群体  
of the fox families,  
they'll see how each group fares  

207  
00:14:13,733 --> 00:14:16,133  
在迁移到新家后的表现。  
after they're relocated to their new home.  

208  
00:14:20,266 --> 00:14:23,666  
这对确保该物种的未来至关重要。  
That's key to securing the future of the species.  

209  
00:14:26,633 --> 00:14:28,366  
我们必须继续前进。  
We have to keep going.  

210  
00:14:28,366 --> 00:14:30,266  
我们必须继续提出这些问题，  
We have to keep asking those questions,  

211  
00:14:30,266 --> 00:14:31,466  
我们必须找到答案，  
we have to find the answers,  

212  
00:14:31,466 --> 00:14:33,733  
我们必须改进我们的方案  
and we have to improve our protocols  

213  
00:14:33,733 --> 00:14:36,200  
改进我们用于重新引入的工具，  
and improve the tools that we have for reintroductions,  

214  
00:14:36,200 --> 00:14:37,933  
不仅针对美洲狐，而是普遍适用。  
not only for swift fox, but in general.  

215  
00:14:40,066 --> 00:14:42,566  
如果希拉和金伯利成功，  
If Hila and Kimberley succeed,  

216  
00:14:42,566 --> 00:14:44,800  
勇敢的美洲狐可能再次  
the plucky swift fox may, once again,  

217  
00:14:44,800 --> 00:14:47,133  
重新占据其历史分布范围  
reclaim its historic range  

218  
00:14:47,133 --> 00:14:50,900  
并自由地漫步于整个大平原。  
and roam freely right across the Great Plains.  

219  
00:15:01,566 --> 00:15:05,000  
据信，目前世界上现存  
It's believed there are 37 species of canid alive  

220  
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:06,200  
37种犬科动物。  
in the world today.  

221  
00:15:08,733 --> 00:15:11,333  
但随着一系列新发现的出现，  
But following a series of new discoveries,  

222  
00:15:11,333 --> 00:15:13,500  
这一数字在不断变化。  
this figure is changing constantly.  

223  
00:15:17,433 --> 00:15:19,066  
2018年，  
In 2018,  

224  
00:15:19,066 --> 00:15:22,133  
在新几内亚高地海拔13000多英尺的地方  
over 13,000 feet above sea level  
in the highlands of New Guinea,  

226  
00:15:24,166 --> 00:15:26,000  
科学家发现了一种  
scientists discovered a dog  

227  
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:29,100  
30年前被宣布野外灭绝的  
that had been declared extinct in the wild  

228  
00:15:29,100 --> 00:15:30,366  
犬类。  
30 years before.  

229  
00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:36,933  
新几内亚高地犬。  
The New Guinea Highland dog.  

230  
00:15:38,100 --> 00:15:39,100  
与澳大利亚野犬  
A close relation  

231  
00:15:39,100 --> 00:15:41,533  
有密切亲缘关系。  
to the Australian dingo.  

232  
00:15:43,500 --> 00:15:45,566  
对该岛偏远地区生活的个体  
DNA analysis of individuals living  

233  
00:15:45,566 --> 00:15:48,000  
进行的DNA分析证明  
in this remote part of the island  

234  
00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,066  
该物种令人惊讶地  
proved the species was, amazingly,  

235  
00:15:50,066 --> 00:15:52,966  
仍在野外存活并状态良好。  
still alive and well in the wild.  

236  
00:15:59,166 --> 00:16:02,366  
而更多像这样令人惊叹的发现  
And even more amazing discoveries like this  

237  
00:16:02,366 --> 00:16:04,066  
可能就在眼前。  
could be just around the corner.  

238  
00:16:12,033 --> 00:16:13,000  
日本。  
Japan.  

239  
00:16:18,800 --> 00:16:21,200  
在这些古老的森林深处，  
Deep in these ancient forests,  

240  
00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:24,466  
自然学家八木宏和他的狗正在执行一项任务。  
Naturalist Hiroshi Yagi and his dog are on a mission.  

241  
00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:28,600  
寻找一个幽灵。  
Hunting for a ghost.  

242  
00:16:31,466 --> 00:16:33,133  
二十六年前，  
Twenty-six years ago,  

243  
00:16:33,133 --> 00:16:35,766  
他有过一次真正非凡的遭遇。  
he had a truly extraordinary encounter.  

244  
00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:06,433  
八木认为他偶然遇到了一种被认为  
Yagi believes he had stumbled across an animal thought  

245  
00:17:06,433 --> 00:17:09,766  
已灭绝100多年的动物……  
to have gone extinct over 100 years ago...  

246  
00:17:11,033 --> 00:17:12,600  
……日本狼。  
...the Japanese wolf.  

247  
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:24,533  
狼在日本森林中漫步了  
Wolves roamed the forests of Japan  

248  
00:17:24,533 --> 00:17:26,766  
数万年……  
for tens of thousands of years...  

249  
00:17:27,733 --> 00:17:29,333  
……但在19世纪，  
...but in the 1800s,  

250  
00:17:29,333 --> 00:17:31,266  
日本向西方开放。  
the country opened up to the West.  

251  
00:17:33,433 --> 00:17:35,600  
新引进的家犬  
Newly arrived domestic dogs  

252  
00:17:35,600 --> 00:17:37,933  
将犬类疾病带到了岛上。  
brought canine diseases to the islands.  

253  
00:17:40,233 --> 00:17:42,500  
据认为，日本狼  
And it is thought that the Japanese wolf  

254  
00:17:42,500 --> 00:17:45,933  
无法抵御这些外来疾病的流行。  
could not withstand this epidemic of foreign illnesses.  

255  
00:17:49,133 --> 00:17:53,966  
到1905年，该物种被宣布灭绝。  
By 1905, the species was declared extinct.  

256  
00:17:57,566 --> 00:17:59,166  
自从那次遭遇后，  
Ever since his encounter,  

257  
00:17:59,166 --> 00:18:01,366  
八木一直在寻找证据  
Yagi has been searching for proof  

258  
00:18:01,366 --> 00:18:03,633  
证明狼仍然存在。  
that the wolf still exists.  

259  
00:18:06,266 --> 00:18:07,633  
他已经有了证据。  
He already has evidence.  

260  
00:18:08,733 --> 00:18:11,800  
幸运的是，那天晚上他准备好了相机。  
Luckily, that night, he had a camera ready.

261  
00:18:40,233 --> 00:18:44,133  
八木坚信日本狼并未成为历史。  
Yagi is convinced the Japanese wolf is not lost to history.  

262  
00:18:45,366 --> 00:18:46,566  
而且他并非孤身一人。  
And he's not alone.  

263  
00:18:47,366 --> 00:18:49,400  
每年他都会收到  
Every year, he receives reports  

264  
00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:51,533  
在这些山区目击狼的报告。  
of wolf sightings in these mountains.  

265  
00:18:53,033 --> 00:18:55,166  
迄今为止已有200多起。  
Over 200, to date.  

266  
00:18:57,833 --> 00:19:01,233  
最近的一起报告来自一位僧人  
One of the most recent reports came from a monk  

267  
00:19:01,233 --> 00:19:03,700  
在这座高山湖举行法螺吹奏仪式时  
performing a conch blowing ceremony  
at this mountain lake...  

269  
00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:10,400  
……令人惊讶的是，过程中听到了狼嚎。  
...and, remarkably, hearing a wolf howl in the process.  

270  
00:19:13,433 --> 00:19:17,166  
这次奇妙的遭遇给了八木一个灵感。  
This amazing encounter has given Yagi an idea.  

271  
00:19:23,033 --> 00:19:24,766  
他的计划是——  
His plan --  

272  
00:19:24,766 --> 00:19:27,000  
重现这一仪式  
to recreate the ceremony  

273  
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:29,833  
倾听是否有狼回应。  
and listen for a wolf to respond.  

274  
00:19:32,933 --> 00:19:34,400  
狼用嚎叫  
Wolves use howls  

275  
00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:36,633  
进行远距离交流  
for long distance communication  

276  
00:19:36,633 --> 00:19:40,400  
并会回应类似音频范围内的声音。  
and respond to sounds that are in a similar audible range.  

277  
00:20:02,633 --> 00:20:04,933  
[回声  
[ Echoing  

278  
00:20:02,633 --> 00:20:04,933  
] ♪♪  

279  
00:20:09,433 --> 00:20:11,566  
[回声  
[ Echoing  

280  
00:20:09,433 --> 00:20:11,566  
] ♪♪  

281  
00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:18,300  
[回声  
[ Echoing  

282  
00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:18,300  
] ♪♪  

283  
00:20:23,433 --> 00:20:25,733  
[回声  
[ Echoing  

284  
00:20:23,433 --> 00:20:25,733  
] ♪♪  

285  
00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:40,300  
寂静对八木是个打击。  
The silence is a blow for Yagi.  

286  
00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:45,400  
但他并不打算放弃希望。  
But he's not about to give up hope.  

287  
00:20:51,300 --> 00:20:55,033  
作为工作的一部分，八木在山坡上设置了  
As part of his work, Yagi has over 70 camera traps  

288  
00:20:55,033 --> 00:20:57,033  
70多个相机陷阱。  
lining the sides of these mountains.  

289  
00:20:59,433 --> 00:21:02,200  
它们不断捕捉到类狼生物的身影。  
They keep catching glimpses of wolf-like creatures.  

290  
00:21:05,933 --> 00:21:08,266  
最近，其中一台摄像机  
And, recently, one of his cameras  

291  
00:21:08,266 --> 00:21:10,666  
记录下了真正耐人寻味的内容。  
recorded something truly intriguing.  

292  
00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:17,633  
三只鹿跑过触发摄像机记录  
Three deer running past trigger the camera to record  

293  
00:21:17,633 --> 00:21:20,100  
然后，如果仔细听……  
and then, if you listen carefully...  

294  
00:21:24,366 --> 00:21:27,833  
八木将这段音频与狼嚎进行了比对。  
Yagi has had this audio compared to a wolf's howl.  

295  
00:21:28,700 --> 00:21:32,433  
报告结论显示嚎叫声几乎一致。  
The report concluded that the howls were nearly identical.  

296  
00:21:36,100 --> 00:21:37,466  
尽管日本狼  
Although the Japanese wolf  

297  
00:21:37,466 --> 00:21:40,233  
已被官方宣布灭绝，  
has officially been declared extinct,  

298  
00:21:40,233 --> 00:21:43,233  
这段录音显然提出了一个问题——  
this recording clearly begs the question --  

299  
00:21:43,233 --> 00:21:45,933  
狼是否仍藏身于这些山脉中？  
could wolves still be hiding in these mountains?  

300  
00:21:52,833 --> 00:21:55,133  
八木的搜寻尚未结束  
Yagi's hunt is not over  

301  
00:21:55,133 --> 00:22:00,000  
目前，日本幽灵狼的谜团依然存在。  
and, for now, the mystery of Japan's ghost wolf remains.  

302  
00:22:09,100 --> 00:22:10,933  
在全球各地，  
All across the globe,  

303  
00:22:10,933 --> 00:22:13,500  
专注的人们正在不懈努力  
dedicated people are working nonstop  

304  
00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:16,500  
以了解和帮助野犬。  
to understand and help wild dogs.  

305  
00:22:19,533 --> 00:22:22,000  
在广袤的撒哈拉沙漠中，  
In the vast Saharan desert,  

306  
00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:25,233  
娇小的耳廓狐正为生存而战。  
the tiny fennec fox is fighting for its life.  

307  
00:22:26,833 --> 00:22:29,800  
并非因为恶劣的环境，  
Not because of this hostile environment,  

308  
00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:31,466  
而是因为旅游业。  
but because of the tourist trade.  

309  
00:22:33,166 --> 00:22:36,666  
阿里·奥巴西迪在此监测耳廓狐已超过  
Ali Obassidi has been monitoring the fennecs here  

310  
00:22:36,666 --> 00:22:38,566  
20年。  
for over 20 years.  

311  
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:43,466  
凭借其专业知识，  
Because of his expert knowledge,  

312  
00:22:43,466 --> 00:22:46,733  
阿里正带领我们的摄制组寻找狐狸。  
Ali is taking our film crew to find the foxes.  

313  
00:22:49,466 --> 00:22:52,366  
而他揭示的真相令他们深感震惊。  
And what he reveals shocks them to the core.  

314  
00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:56,000  
沙漠对你来说就像后花园吧？  
So, the desert must be like your back garden.  

315  
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:57,566  
是的，沙漠是我的花园  
Yeah, desert is my garden  

316  
00:22:57,566 --> 00:23:01,166  
从我生命最初就如此。  
from my first moment in this life.  

317  
00:23:02,733 --> 00:23:04,366  
有了阿里的加入，  
With Ali on the team,  

318  
00:23:04,366 --> 00:23:07,700  
他们很快发现了耳廓狐的踪迹。  
they soon see signs of fennec foxes.  

319  
00:23:07,700 --> 00:23:11,233  
看我们昨天留下的车辙印...  
Look at the track of our car yesterday...  

320  
00:23:12,900 --> 00:23:14,166  
它们紧随其后。  
and they're just after.  

321  
00:23:14,166 --> 00:23:16,300  
- 这是跟着我们的车？ - 是的。  
- This is after our car? - Yeah.  

322  
00:23:16,300 --> 00:23:22,700  
周围没有新的足迹出去。  
And around, I didn't see new, fresh tracks go out.  

323  
00:23:22,700 --> 00:23:24,433  
说明它就在里面。  
It means he's inside.  

324  
00:23:25,633 --> 00:23:28,366  
足迹通向一个可能的巢穴地点。  
The tracks are leading to a potential den site.  

325  
00:23:31,833 --> 00:23:34,433  
他们守候多日，准备拍摄。  
For days, they wait, ready to film.  

326  
00:23:35,966 --> 00:23:37,733  
但毫无生命迹象。  
But there's no sign of life.  

327  
00:23:39,066 --> 00:23:42,200  
它们对——  
They're so tuned in to the --  

328  
00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:44,300  
沙漠中的自然声响极其敏感，  
the natural sounds round the desert,  

329  
00:23:44,300 --> 00:23:46,833  
任何异常响动，  
but anything that's out of the ordinary,  

330  
00:23:46,833 --> 00:23:48,933  
它们要么会探查，要么就  
they'll either inspect it or they'll take that  

331  
00:23:48,933 --> 00:23:51,566  
趁机迅速逃窜。  
as an opportunity to just scarper and go.  

332  
00:23:51,566 --> 00:23:55,233  
它们能在50米外就看见或听见我，  
They can see and hear me from like 50 meters  

333  
00:23:55,233 --> 00:23:57,133  
更麻烦的是，风在沙丘的凹地  
and, annoyingly, the wind circulates  

334  
00:23:57,133 --> 00:23:58,800  
中打转，  
in these bowls of dunes,  

335  
00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:01,100  
所以它们也能轻易嗅到我的气味。  
so, they can also smell me quite easily as well.  

336  
00:24:02,733 --> 00:24:07,433  
数日等待后终于有了回报，  
It's several days before patience finally pays off,  

337  
00:24:07,433 --> 00:24:09,666  
但团队的兴奋很快被击碎。  
but the team's excitement is quickly shattered.  

338  
00:24:12,733 --> 00:24:15,633  
这只耳廓狐腿上夹着陷阱。  
The fennec has a trap on its leg.  

339  
00:24:22,800 --> 00:24:24,566  
受伤的狐狸仍奋力  
The injured fox still manages  

340  
00:24:24,566 --> 00:24:26,966  
越过沙丘消失了。  
to race over the dunes and vanish.  

341  
00:24:29,966 --> 00:24:31,466  
我真的——真的很担心它——  
I really -- I really worry it's not --  

342  
00:24:31,466 --> 00:24:34,500  
以这种状态活不了多久。  
It's just not going to last long out here, not in that condition.  

343  
00:24:36,066 --> 00:24:40,000  
可悲的是，这对阿里来说并不罕见。  
Sadly, this is not a rare sight for Ali.  

344  
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:44,233  
我们这里长期存在这个问题  
We have this problem in last time here  

345  
00:24:44,233 --> 00:24:46,600  
因为村里的孩子会来  
because the children from the village come  

346  
00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:50,300  
捕捉它们向游客展示。  
to take them and to show to the tourists.  

347  
00:24:50,300 --> 00:24:52,400  
当游客到来时，  
When the tourists come,  

348  
00:24:52,400 --> 00:24:55,366  
孩子们就把耳廓狐给他们拍照  
they give them the fennec to take a picture  

349  
00:24:55,366 --> 00:24:59,666  
然后游客会给孩子们钱。  
and then tourists give to the children money.  

350  
00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:06,933  
交易或饲养耳廓狐需要许可证。  
A license is needed to trade or hold fennec foxes.  

351  
00:25:08,300 --> 00:25:10,433  
但利润丰厚的宠物和旅游业  
But lucrative pet and tourist trades  

352  
00:25:10,433 --> 00:25:13,400  
数十年来助长了非法捕猎。  
have encouraged illegal trapping for decades.  

353  
00:25:15,300 --> 00:25:17,800  
人类干预构成严重威胁，  
Human interference is such a threat,  

354  
00:25:17,800 --> 00:25:21,733  
不受监管的交易可能使当地种群灭绝。  
unregulated trade could wipe out local populations.  

355  
00:25:23,233 --> 00:25:26,633  
这个问题已困扰阿里多年。  
The problem has concerned Ali for many years.  

356  
00:25:28,766 --> 00:25:30,000  
我无法形容感受。  
I can't say how I feel.  

357  
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:34,166  
这让我非常、非常难过。  
It's make me sad, very, very sad.  

358  
00:25:35,766 --> 00:25:38,000  
除了非法交易，  
As well as the illegal trade,  

359  
00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:41,733  
一些不负责任的游客造成了更多伤害。  
some irresponsible tourists have been causing further cruelty.  

360  
00:25:43,900 --> 00:25:47,700  
阿里在摩托车热门地点附近发现一只死去的耳廓狐。  
Ali's found a dead fennec near a popular spot for motorbikes.  

361  
00:25:48,500 --> 00:25:50,366  
我认为耳廓狐和摩托车之间  
I think there is no accident  

362  
00:25:50,366 --> 00:25:52,133  
并非意外事故，  
between the fennec and motorbikes,  

363  
00:25:52,133 --> 00:25:54,100  
问题是  
but the problem is  

364  
00:25:54,100 --> 00:25:58,000  
摩托车长时间追逐它。  
the motorbikes follow him for a long time.  

365  
00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:00,900  
我认为追了超过一公里，  
I think more than one kilometer, they follow him,  

366  
00:26:00,900 --> 00:26:04,366  
它因无法长时间奔跑  
then he's dead because he can't run  

367  
00:26:04,366 --> 00:26:06,433  
而死亡。  
for a long time.  

368  
00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:09,900  
沙漠空间足够广阔  
The desert is more than large enough  

369  
00:26:09,900 --> 00:26:12,800  
容得下人类和野生动物共存。  
to make space for both people and wildlife.  

370  
00:26:13,566 --> 00:26:18,566  
我认为需要在这个区域划分  
I think that we need to make like a zoning in this area,  

371  
00:26:18,566 --> 00:26:21,700  
保留给动物，给耳廓狐。  
reserve it only for animals, for fennecs.  

372  
00:26:23,633 --> 00:26:25,766  
多日无果后，  
After days without luck,  

373  
00:26:25,766 --> 00:26:27,833  
团队士气低落。  
the team's morale is running low.  

374  
00:26:29,333 --> 00:26:31,066  
就在希望即将消失时，  
But with hope disappearing,  

375  
00:26:31,066 --> 00:26:34,166  
摄影师马特带来了好消息。  
there's good news from camera operator Matt.  

376  
00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:37,966  
我们下车架好隐蔽点，  
We dropped off, set up the hide,  

377  
00:26:37,966 --> 00:26:39,433  
打开摄像机。  
got the camera turned on.  

378  
00:26:39,433 --> 00:26:42,933  
我刚要调整构图准备拍摄。  
I was just about to like, you know, frame up and do stuff.  

379  
00:26:42,933 --> 00:26:45,033  
你们发动引擎时突然冒出个脑袋  
You started the engine and then a head popped up  

380  
00:26:45,033 --> 00:26:46,266  
- 和两只耳朵。 - 哦！  
- and two ears. - Oh!  

381  
00:26:46,266 --> 00:26:47,200  
就是这样，没错。  
And it was just, yeah.  

382  
00:26:49,366 --> 00:26:53,200  
你们离开后9点36分就拍到了。  
Then this was like, as soon as you left, 9:36.  

383  
00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:19,933  
哇。  
Wow.  

384  
00:27:19,933 --> 00:27:22,333  
太棒了。  
Very nice.  

385  
00:27:22,333 --> 00:27:24,133  
马特，你看到它们时感觉如何？  
How did you feel when you saw them, Matt?  

386  
00:27:24,133 --> 00:27:26,300  
- 就像—— - 简直难以置信。  
- It's like it was just -- - It was ridiculous like.  

387  
00:27:26,300 --> 00:27:28,800  
我简直不敢相信。我们努力了这么久。  
I couldn't actually believe it. We'd been trying this long.  

388  
00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:30,833  
汤姆在隐蔽点守了那么长时间，  
Tom's put so many hours in the hide,  

389  
00:27:30,833 --> 00:27:33,600  
但当那个脑袋冒出来时，我——  
but as soon as the head pops up, I just --  

390  
00:27:33,600 --> 00:27:36,233  
我虽然在拍摄，但从没这样过，  
I was recording, but I've never been like this,  

391  
00:27:36,233 --> 00:27:37,633  
我真的在发抖。  
but I was literally shaking.

392  
00:27:39,100 --> 00:27:41,533  
拍摄终于顺利之际  
With filming finally going well,  

393  
00:27:41,533 --> 00:27:43,666  
团队首次遭遇耳廓狐时  
there's an even more welcome surprise  

394  
00:27:43,666 --> 00:27:46,000  
还收获了意外惊喜  
from the team's first fennec encounter.  

395  
00:27:47,166 --> 00:27:50,100  
阿里成功追踪到了那只被捕的耳廓狐  
Ali has been able to track down the snared fennec.  

396  
00:28:03,233 --> 00:28:05,266  
- 请帮帮我 - 需要我做什么？  
- Help me please. - Yes, what shall I do?  

397  
00:28:05,266 --> 00:28:06,800  
推这个 推这里  
Push this. Push this one.  

398  
00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:08,333  
- 这个？ - 对 抓住  
- This one? - Yeah, take that.  

399  
00:28:08,333 --> 00:28:13,166  
像这样抓住这里  
Just take this one, like this.  

400  
00:28:13,166 --> 00:28:14,700  
请打开 打开那个——  
Open, please, open the --  

401  
00:28:15,833 --> 00:28:16,733  
谢谢  
Thank you.  

402  
00:28:18,066 --> 00:28:20,100  
好孩子 好孩子  
Good boy. Good boy.  

403  
00:28:20,100 --> 00:28:21,566  
腿伤情况如何？  
How's that leg look?  

404  
00:28:22,766 --> 00:28:24,766  
这里没有医疗支持  
There's no medical support here,  

405  
00:28:24,766 --> 00:28:29,033  
但阿里见过类似情况 能够评估伤势  
but Ali's seen incidents before and is able to assess the wound.  

406  
00:28:30,700 --> 00:28:34,866  
给它些安抚就好  
Just give him our comfort.  

407  
00:28:34,866 --> 00:28:38,066  
他相信这只耳廓狐能挺过这场磨难  
He believes this fennec will survive its ordeal.  

408  
00:28:38,066 --> 00:28:39,066  
我太高兴了  
I'm so happy.  

409  
00:28:39,066 --> 00:28:40,400  
- 干得好 - 是啊  
- Good work. - Yeah.  

410  
00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:41,500  
做得好 希望它能康复  
Good work. Let's hope he's alright.  

411  
00:28:41,500 --> 00:28:42,200  
help.  

412  
00:28:43,500 --> 00:28:45,233  
阿里一直将自己的发现  
Ali has been sending his findings  

413  
00:28:45,233 --> 00:28:47,066  
提交给摩洛哥政府  
to the Moroccan government,  

414  
00:28:47,066 --> 00:28:50,233  
希望能出台更强有力的保护措施  
with the hope that greater protections can be brought in  

415  
00:28:50,233 --> 00:28:52,366  
拯救这个物种  
to help save the species.  

416  
00:28:56,766 --> 00:29:00,600  
即使最微小的行动也能为全球犬科动物  
Even the smallest actions can lead to positive changes  

417  
00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:02,566  
带来积极改变  
for canids across the world.  

418  
00:29:10,366 --> 00:29:11,166  
巴西  
Brazil.  

419  
00:29:13,300 --> 00:29:16,533  
这里曾遍布被称为"塞拉多"的  
Once covered in natural grassland and forest,  

420  
00:29:16,533 --> 00:29:17,633  
天然草原与森林  
known as cerrado.  

421  
00:29:20,300 --> 00:29:22,366  
如今四分之三已遭破坏  
Over three quarters have been destroyed.  

422  
00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:29,633  
甘蔗等经济作物取代了原生植被  
Crops, like sugar cane, are now grown here...  

423  
00:29:30,733 --> 00:29:34,066  
......覆盖超过2亿英亩土地  
...covering over 200 million acres of land.  

424  
00:29:36,633 --> 00:29:40,033  
广袤的种植园无法维系  
The vast plantations cannot support the vibrant array  

425  
00:29:40,033 --> 00:29:42,200  
昔日繁茂的野生动物种群  
of wildlife that once lived here.  

426  
00:29:45,666 --> 00:29:49,466  
但关于作物区出现神秘生物的报道  
But reports of strange creatures living amongst the crops  

427  
00:29:49,466 --> 00:29:52,933  
促使生物学家罗热里奥·库尼亚·德保拉  
has brought biologist Rogério Cunha de Paula  

428  
00:29:52,933 --> 00:29:54,100  
前来调查  
to find out more.  

429  
00:30:01,800 --> 00:30:03,633  
他的相机陷阱网络  
And his network of camera traps  

430  
00:30:03,633 --> 00:30:06,200  
捕捉到了惊人画面  
has discovered something extraordinary.  

431  
00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:11,366  
鬃狼  
Maned wolves.  

432  
00:30:13,800 --> 00:30:17,266  
这种通常栖息于天然草原的动物  
Normally found in natural grassland,  

433  
00:30:17,266 --> 00:30:20,100  
出现在农田的景象令人惊叹  
seeing them living in crops was remarkable.  

434  
00:30:23,533 --> 00:30:25,933  
相机还记录到更意外的画面  
And that wasn't the only thing his cameras picked up.  

435  
00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:30,900  
幼崽  
Pups.  

436  
00:30:35,333 --> 00:30:37,633  
看到母狼带着幼崽  
To see the mother with a puppy,  

437  
00:30:37,633 --> 00:30:42,100  
对我们来说太震撼了 这些小家伙  
for us, was amazing because those little guys  

438  
00:30:42,100 --> 00:30:45,366  
居然在甘蔗园旁活动  
walking just by a sugar cane plantation,  

439  
00:30:45,366 --> 00:30:46,833  
完全出乎意料  
we never expected that.  

440  
00:30:51,566 --> 00:30:54,466  
鬃狼是草原特化物种  
Maned wolves are grassland specialists.  

441  
00:30:56,933 --> 00:30:58,633  
它们的食谱十分多元  
They can eat a variety of food...  

442  
00:30:59,700 --> 00:31:01,433  
......小型哺乳动物  
...small mammals,  

443  
00:31:01,433 --> 00:31:03,466  
水果  
fruit,  

444  
00:31:03,466 --> 00:31:05,000  
甚至蔬菜  
and even vegetables.  

445  
00:31:07,166 --> 00:31:08,433  
乍看之下  
At first glance,  

446  
00:31:08,433 --> 00:31:11,166  
这些鬃狼似乎成功适应了  
these maned wolves seem to be living successfully  

447  
00:31:11,166 --> 00:31:13,033  
农业景观的生存......  
in this agricultural landscape...  

448  
00:31:14,466 --> 00:31:17,666  
......这是罗热里奥前所未见的景象  
...something that Rogério had never seen before.  

449  
00:31:19,333 --> 00:31:20,866  
但他发现了问题  
But he's discovered a problem.  

450  
00:31:22,666 --> 00:31:25,733  
我们发现幼崽在不断死亡  
We found that puppies were dying.  

451  
00:31:27,933 --> 00:31:30,333  
所有被监测的家族  
All the families we were monitoring  

452  
00:31:30,333 --> 00:31:31,833  
都失去了幼崽  
were losing their puppies.  

453  
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,566  
为查明幼崽死亡原因  
To find out what is happening to the pups,  

454  
00:31:40,566 --> 00:31:43,233  
罗热里奥团队计划通过GPS项圈  
Rogério and his team want to closely track  

455  
00:31:43,233 --> 00:31:46,766  
密切追踪成年狼的活动轨迹  
the adult wolves' movements using GPS collars.  

456  
00:31:54,766 --> 00:31:57,800  
项圈轻便且不会伤害狼只  
The collar is lightweight and harmless to the wolf.  

457  
00:32:09,033 --> 00:32:11,633  
通过将狼群的GPS定位数据  
By laying the GPS locations of the wolves  

458  
00:32:11,633 --> 00:32:13,866  
与农场地图叠加  
over a map of the farm,  

459  
00:32:13,866 --> 00:32:15,866  
罗热里奥能绘制出  
Rogério can build up a picture  

460  
00:32:15,866 --> 00:32:17,833  
它们在农田的活动范围  
of where they live in the farmland.  

461  
00:32:20,466 --> 00:32:22,533  
这张图显示  
This picture shows  

462  
00:32:22,533 --> 00:32:27,733  
我们获得了单只狼的追踪数据  
that we have the tracking data for one single wolf.  

463  
00:32:27,733 --> 00:32:29,533  
这是只雌性  
This is a female.  

464  
00:32:29,533 --> 00:32:33,833  
当甘蔗长高时 它主要活动于  
Here, you have the animal concentrating in the sugar cane  

465  
00:32:33,833 --> 00:32:36,066  
甘蔗种植区  
when the sugar cane was taller.  

466  
00:32:37,033 --> 00:32:39,933  
数据显示较高的作物  
This data shows Rogério that the taller crops  

467  
00:32:39,933 --> 00:32:42,466  
为狼群提供了关键栖息地  
provide a vital habitat for the wolves.  

468  
00:32:44,366 --> 00:32:47,366  
这里有丰富的猎物供它们捕食  
Here, there's an abundance of prey for them to hunt.  

469  
00:32:52,466 --> 00:32:53,766  
直到收割季来临......  
Until harvest time...  

470  
00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:58,300  
......鬃狼的世界被夷为平地  
...when the maned wolves' world is flattened.  

471  
00:33:00,966 --> 00:33:04,400  
前一天还茂密的甘蔗田  
So, in one day, you have tall sugar cane.  

472  
00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:07,133  
次日就变成不毛之地  
The following day, you have nothing, like a desert.  

473  
00:33:09,300 --> 00:33:12,266  
收割后的田地无法为母狼  
Harvested fields can't provide the mother wolves  

474  
00:33:12,266 --> 00:33:15,533  
提供哺育幼崽所需的充足食物  
with the food they desperately need to raise their pups.  

475  
00:33:18,233 --> 00:33:19,400  
该如何解决？  
But what can be done?  

476  
00:33:21,633 --> 00:33:24,633  
罗热里奥与当地农民合作  
Working with local farmers, Rogério has come up  

477  
00:33:24,633 --> 00:33:27,066  
提出了绝妙的解决方案  
with a brilliantly simple solution.  

478  
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:40,800  
在收割季保留部分作物不收割  
By leaving some areas uncut during harvest season,  

479  
00:33:40,800 --> 00:33:43,366  
确保狼群有足够的狩猎区域  
the wolves have just enough crop to hunt in.  

480  
00:33:45,733 --> 00:33:48,566  
以及养育幼崽所需的食物和庇护所  
And enough food and shelter to raise their pups.  

481  
00:33:56,266 --> 00:33:59,700  
作为回报 狼群会控制  
In return, the wolves help control rodents  

482  
00:33:59,700 --> 00:34:01,800  
啃食作物的啮齿动物  
that eat the farmers' crops.  

483  
00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:08,466  
通过对农田和收割作业  
By doing all this management on the croplands  

484  
00:34:08,466 --> 00:34:09,766  
实施这些管理措施  
and the harvesting,  

485  
00:34:09,766 --> 00:34:14,000  
我们逐步改善栖息地质量  
we start improving the quality of habitats.  

486  
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:19,366  
通过逐个农场的推进 整个区域的  
And, doing this farm by farm, we have a better habitat,  

487  
00:34:19,366 --> 00:34:21,533  
生态环境整体提升  
in general, for this entire region.  

488  
00:34:22,533 --> 00:34:25,566  
如今罗热里奥的工作初见成效  
Now, Rogério's work is starting to have an impact.  

489  
00:34:27,100 --> 00:34:28,333  
他首次观察到  
And, for the first time,  

490  
00:34:28,333 --> 00:34:32,000  
鬃狼幼崽在种植园中  
he's seeing maned wolf pups grow into adulthood  

491  
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:34,166  
成长存活至成年  
and survive in these plantations.  

492  
00:34:37,833 --> 00:34:40,466  
正是这些微小的积极举措  
It's small, positive steps like these  

493  
00:34:40,466 --> 00:34:44,566  
为巴西鬃狼带来重大转机  
that make a big difference for the maned wolves of Brazil.  

494  
00:34:57,300 --> 00:35:00,866  
当部分犬科动物在人类帮助下艰难生存时...  
While some canids are managing to survive with some help...  

495  
00:35:02,166 --> 00:35:03,266  
......其他种类正出现在  
...others are showing up  

496  
00:35:03,266 --> 00:35:05,566  
前所未见的新领地  
where they have never been seen before.  

497  
00:35:08,166 --> 00:35:11,533  
东欧地区 一种极具韧性的野犬  
In Eastern Europe, a very tenacious wild dog  

498  
00:35:11,533 --> 00:35:13,900  
在罗马尼亚多瑙河三角洲  
is making a new stronghold  

499  
00:35:13,900 --> 00:35:16,333  
建立新据点  
in Romania's Danube Delta.  

500  
00:35:18,433 --> 00:35:19,833  
金豺  
The golden jackal.  

501  
00:35:21,166 --> 00:35:24,266  
犬科家族中适应性最强的成员之一  
One of the most adaptable members of the canid family.  

502  
00:35:27,733 --> 00:35:30,233  
作为中型掠食者  
They're a medium-sized predator  

503  
00:35:30,233 --> 00:35:32,900  
它们食性广泛且行为灵活  
with a diverse diet and flexible behavior.  

504  
00:35:35,100 --> 00:35:38,766  
几乎能吃任何食物 适应任何环境  
They can eat almost anything and live almost anywhere.  

505  
00:35:40,700 --> 00:35:42,466  
原产印度的金豺  
Originally from India,  

506  
00:35:42,466 --> 00:35:47,033  
近几十年数量激增  
in recent decades, their population has exploded.  

507  
00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:55,866  
研究者克里斯蒂安-雷穆斯·帕普  
Researcher Cristian-Remus Papp  

508  
00:35:55,866 --> 00:35:59,566  
希望探究其种群扩张的速度与原因  
wants to find out how rapidly the population is spreading,  

509  
00:35:59,566 --> 00:36:00,666  
and why.  

510  
00:36:02,066 --> 00:36:03,866  
金豺最早出现于  
The golden jackal appeared  

511  
00:36:03,866 --> 00:36:07,166  
更新世晚期的印度地区  
in the region of India in the late Pleistocene.  

512  
00:36:07,166 --> 00:36:08,866  
末次冰期结束后  
After the last Ice Age,  

513  
00:36:08,866 --> 00:36:12,433  
它们穿越博斯普鲁斯海峡进入希腊  
it crossed the Bosphorus and entered in Greece.  

514  
00:36:12,433 --> 00:36:16,866  
如今已在巴尔干半岛广泛分布  
At the present day, it is widespread in the Balkans.  

515  
00:36:16,866 --> 00:36:20,700  
过去二十年 豺的数量  
In the last two decades, the number of jackals  

516  
00:36:20,700 --> 00:36:23,066  
确实显著增加  
really increased significantly.  

517  
00:36:27,333 --> 00:36:28,733  
克里斯蒂安需要统计  
Cristian needs to record  

518  
00:36:28,733 --> 00:36:30,733  
该区域的豺群数量  
how many jackals are in this area.  

519  
00:36:32,433 --> 00:36:34,033  
这对理解它们  
That's important to understanding  

520  
00:36:34,033 --> 00:36:36,833  
快速变化的种群动态  
their fast-changing population  

521  
00:36:36,833 --> 00:36:38,833  
及潜在影响至关重要  
and any impact they might be having.  

522  
00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:42,900  
我们选择黄昏开始调查  
We are starting at dusk because this is the time  

523  
00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:47,766  
这正是豺开始活动的时间  
when the jackals are starting their activity.  

524  
00:36:47,766 --> 00:36:51,733  
作为夜行性物种 黄昏时分  
They are nocturnal species and starting with dusk,  

525  
00:36:51,733 --> 00:36:56,033  
它们开始狩猎 巡视领地  
they are hunting, they are roaming around,  

526  
00:36:56,033 --> 00:36:58,066  
标记自己的疆域  
they are checking their territories.  

527  
00:37:05,533 --> 00:37:08,566  
但在深夜目击豺并非易事  
But it's not easy to see jackals in the dead of night.  

528  
00:37:10,800 --> 00:37:12,933  
于是克里斯蒂安改用声学探测  
So, Cristian turns to sound...  

529  
00:37:14,566 --> 00:37:19,500  
[豺嚎声  
[ Howling  

530  
00:37:14,566 --> 00:37:19,500  
]  

531  
00:37:19,500 --> 00:37:22,633  
......播放金豺的嚎叫录音  
...broadcasting a recording of a golden jackal howl.  

532  
00:37:22,633 --> 00:37:26,400  
[豺嚎声  
[ Howling  

533  
00:37:22,633 --> 00:37:26,400  
]  

534  
00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:29,200  
豺群能听到三英里外的声响  
Jackals can hear this from over three miles away...  

535  
00:37:31,466 --> 00:37:33,733  
......并本能地回应嚎叫  
...and their instinct is to howl back.  

536  
00:37:37,500 --> 00:37:40,600  
北方有一声回应  
There is one reply from north.  

537  
00:37:53,300 --> 00:37:57,400  
东北方向更近处传来第二声回应  
A second one is much closer, from northeast.  

538  
00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:02,166  
在这次调查中  
During his survey,  

539  
00:38:02,166 --> 00:38:07,166  
克里斯蒂安将覆盖30多英里范围  
Cristian will cover over 30 miles.  

540  
00:38:07,166 --> 00:38:11,066  
他记录每次听到嚎叫的位置  
He records the location of each howl he hears,  

541  
00:38:11,066 --> 00:38:14,033  
绘制该区域豺群分布图  
building a picture of the jackal population in the area.  

542  
00:38:16,966 --> 00:38:19,133  
[嚎叫声  
[ Howling  

543  
00:38:16,966 --> 00:38:19,133  
] 听到召唤后  
] In response to the call,  

544  
00:38:19,133 --> 00:38:21,500  
豺群靠近查探  
jackals move closer to investigate.  

545  
00:38:23,366 --> 00:38:25,166  
[嚎叫声  
[ Howling  

546  
00:38:23,366 --> 00:38:25,166  
] 克里斯蒂安使用热成像仪  
] Cristian uses a thermal camera  

547  
00:38:25,166 --> 00:38:28,600  
在黑暗中识别靠近的动物  
to pick out the approaching animals in the darkness.  

548  
00:38:29,966 --> 00:38:32,666  
发现一只  
Yes, I can see one.  

549  
00:38:32,666 --> 00:38:35,066  
当豺群穿过茂密灌木丛时  
Sneaking through the thick undergrowth,  

550  
00:38:35,066 --> 00:38:39,000  
它们温热的躯体在冷紫色背景中  
the jackals' warm bodies light up as a glowing yellow shape  

551  
00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:41,633  
呈现明亮的黄色轮廓  
against the cool purple surroundings.  

552  
00:38:43,466 --> 00:38:44,200  
快看！  
Look!  

553  
00:38:45,900 --> 00:38:46,700  
在那里  
There it is.  

554  
00:38:49,433 --> 00:38:51,133  
我能看到豺的眼睛  
I could see the eyes of the jackal.  

555  
00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:56,433  
最终 豺群探查的本能  
Eventually, the jackals' instinct to investigate  

556  
00:38:56,433 --> 00:38:57,700  
如此强烈......  
becomes so strong...  

557  
00:38:58,866 --> 00:39:00,600  
......它们暴露在聚光灯下  
...they appear in the spotlight.  

558  
00:39:02,233 --> 00:39:04,866  
它们充满好奇心  
They are really curious  

559  
00:39:04,866 --> 00:39:06,566  
试图接近我们  
and they're trying to approach us.  

560  
00:39:09,800 --> 00:39:14,200  
克里斯蒂安的调查显示 短短五年多  
Cristian's surveys reveal that, in just over five years,  

561  
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:17,600  
罗马尼亚豺的数量已翻倍  
the number of jackals in Romania has doubled.  

562  
00:39:19,333 --> 00:39:22,633  
目前估计约有2万只豺  
It's estimated there are now 20,000 jackals here.  

563  
00:39:24,233 --> 00:39:26,333  
这个物种如此成功  
The species is doing so well,  

564  
00:39:26,333 --> 00:39:30,733  
正向欧洲大陆西部和北部扩张  
it's venturing west and north across the European continent.  

565  
00:39:35,233 --> 00:39:37,200  
这种惊人扩张的原因？  
And the cause of this incredible spread?  

566  
00:39:38,700 --> 00:39:41,200  
人类猎杀了它们的主要竞争者  
People hunting one of their main competitors.  

567  
00:39:42,500 --> 00:39:43,433  
狼  
The wolf.  

568  
00:39:44,300 --> 00:39:45,766  
金豺在欧洲的扩张  
The golden jackal started  

569  
00:39:45,766 --> 00:39:50,166  
源于多重因素  
to spread in Europe due to several factors.  

570  
00:39:50,166 --> 00:39:52,500  
最重要的是  
The most important is the fact that  

571  
00:39:52,500 --> 00:39:55,333  
灰狼数量减少  
the number of the gray wolf decreased.  

572  
00:39:56,866 --> 00:39:59,000  
适应性强的豺正在进驻  
The adaptable jackal is moving in  

573  
00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:01,700  
狼群曾经的领地  
where the wolves once lived,  

574  
00:40:01,700 --> 00:40:03,900  
利用食物和领地  
taking advantage of the lack of competition  

575  
00:40:03,900 --> 00:40:06,133  
缺乏竞争的机遇  
for food and territory.  

576  
00:40:10,566 --> 00:40:13,500  
意大利首次观测到豺群...  
Jackals have been seen for the first time in Italy...  

577  
00:40:15,733 --> 00:40:16,500  
奥地利...  
Austria...  

578  
00:40:18,166 --> 00:40:21,533  
更惊人的是 2021年确认  
and, astonishingly, in 2021, it was confirmed  

579  
00:40:21,533 --> 00:40:25,366  
有金豺向北迁徙至  
hat a golden jackal had even made it as far north  

580  
00:40:25,366 --> 00:40:27,900  
挪威北极圈地区  
as the Arctic Circle in Norway.  

581  
00:40:33,266 --> 00:40:35,866  
在这个剧变的世界里  
In our rapidly changing world,  

582  
00:40:35,866 --> 00:40:41,100  
这种适应力惊人的野犬正占据上风  
this amazingly adaptable wild dog is coming out on top.  

583  
00:40:55,033 --> 00:40:59,533  
某些犬科动物会在最意想不到的地方安家  
Some canid species set up home in the most unlikely of places.  

584  
00:41:07,400 --> 00:41:10,866  
在明尼阿波利斯繁华的市中心  
In the middle of the bustling city of Minneapolis,  

585  
00:41:10,866 --> 00:41:13,900  
这窝郊狼难以置信地  
this coyote family, incredibly,  

586  
00:41:13,900 --> 00:41:16,533  
将巢穴建在排水管中  
has created a den in a drainage pipe.  

587  
00:41:18,066 --> 00:41:20,666  
这里没有其他掠食者  
Here, there's a lack of other predators  

588  
00:41:20,666 --> 00:41:22,133  
与它们竞争  
that might compete with them.  

589  
00:41:25,333 --> 00:41:27,866  
最新研究发现 城市郊狼  
It's recently been discovered that urban coyotes  

590  
00:41:27,866 --> 00:41:30,800  
甚至会改变日常作息  
can even change their daily routine  

591  
00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:32,266  
适应城市生活...  
to adapt to city living...  

592  
00:41:34,033 --> 00:41:36,033  
......转为夜间更活跃  
...becoming more active at night,  

593  
00:41:36,033 --> 00:41:38,100  
以避开人类活动  
to better avoid people.  

594  
00:41:46,766 --> 00:41:51,066  
在英国 城市赤狐因人类环境  
In the UK, city-living red foxes are physically changing  

595  
00:41:51,066 --> 00:41:53,733  
产生了生理变化  
because they live in a human environment.  

596  
00:41:58,833 --> 00:42:01,066  
相比乡村近亲 它们  
They have shorter, wider muzzles  

597  
00:42:01,066 --> 00:42:03,666  
吻部更短更宽——  
than their countryside cousins --  

598  
00:42:03,666 --> 00:42:06,400  
这种适应性进化帮助它们  
an adaptation that could allow them to access food  

599  
00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:08,933  
更高效获取人类遗留食物  
left out by humans more efficiently.  

600  
00:42:18,700 --> 00:42:22,400  
千百年来 人类持续影响着野犬  
For millennia, humans have been impacting wild dogs.  

601  
00:42:26,266 --> 00:42:29,233  
为更好预测它们的未来  
And, to better understand their possible futures,  

602  
00:42:29,233 --> 00:42:32,866  
我们需要了解过往的人类影响  
we need to know how we have affected them in the past.  

603  
00:42:35,966 --> 00:42:37,000  
狼  
Wolves.  

604  
00:42:40,933 --> 00:42:43,033  
最具标志性的犬科动物  
The most iconic canid.  

605  
00:42:48,466 --> 00:42:51,266  
研究者弗里德里克·兰奇  
Working with captive-born gray wolves,  

606  
00:42:51,266 --> 00:42:54,733  
通过研究圈养灰狼  
researcher Friederike Range wants to find out more  

607  
00:42:54,733 --> 00:42:59,066  
探索人类对犬科动物演化树的影响  
about the effect humans have had on the canid family tree,  

608  
00:42:59,066 --> 00:43:00,333  
通过对比  
by studying the difference  

609  
00:43:00,333 --> 00:43:01,466  
狼与宠物犬  
between wolf  

610  
00:43:01,466 --> 00:43:03,500  
的智力差异  
and pet dog intelligence.  

611  
00:43:05,700 --> 00:43:08,866  
她设计了一系列测试...  
To do this, she uses a range of tests...  

612  
00:43:10,900 --> 00:43:12,900  
卡拉！皮库！  
Kalla! Piku!  

613  
00:43:13,933 --> 00:43:15,266  
......检验狼群  
...to discover if the wolves  

614  
00:43:15,266 --> 00:43:17,666  
能否通过协作解决问题  
can problem-solve by working together.  

615  
00:43:19,666 --> 00:43:21,800  
这种协作能力  
And working together is essential  

616  
00:43:21,800 --> 00:43:24,033  
对野外生存至关重要  
for their survival in the wild.  

617  
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:31,833  
要获取食物 两只狼必须同步拉动绳索  
To get the food, two wolves must pull the rope simultaneously  

618  
00:43:31,833 --> 00:43:33,533  
将食盘拖向自己  
to move the table towards them.  

619  
00:43:34,766 --> 00:43:37,366  
若其中一只过早或过晚拉动  
If one pulls too early or too late,  

620  
00:43:37,366 --> 00:43:38,933  
食盘将纹丝不动  
the table will not move.  

621  
00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:44,900  
如果理解需要伙伴配合  
If it understands it needs a partner,  

622  
00:43:44,900 --> 00:43:47,133  
狼会在拉动前等待  
the wolf should wait before starting to pull.  

623  
00:43:53,366 --> 00:43:55,366  
目前只有高智商动物  
Only highly intelligent animals,  

624  
00:43:55,366 --> 00:43:58,433  
如海豚 大象和黑猩猩  
such as dolphins, elephants, and chimpanzees,  

625  
00:43:58,433 --> 00:44:00,933  
能成功完成这项任务  
can successfully complete this task.  

626  
00:44:06,066 --> 00:44:09,366  
狼群轻松完成挑战  
The wolves make it look easy.  

627  
00:44:09,366 --> 00:44:12,133  
微妙的肢体姿态 面部表情  
Subtle body posture, facial movements,  

628  
00:44:12,133 --> 00:44:15,666  
甚至眼神都是它们  
even eye expression,, are all sophisticated ways  

629  
00:44:15,666 --> 00:44:19,066  
交流与协调行动的高级方式  
the wolves can communicate and coordinate their actions.  

630  
00:44:20,300 --> 00:44:22,700  
现在轮到家犬接受测试  
And now, it's the domestic dogs' turn.  

631  
00:44:37,900 --> 00:44:40,000  
实验得出有趣结果  
Some of the interesting results come up  

632  
00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:41,666  
当我们进行这些测试时  
when we are running these experiments  

633  
00:44:41,666 --> 00:44:43,500  
发现狼非常擅长  
that the wolves are actually very good  

634  
00:44:43,500 --> 00:44:48,533  
彼此合作 而狗通常失败  
at cooperating with each other, where the dogs usually fail.  

635  
00:44:48,533 --> 00:44:51,900  
这对我们来说真是意外发现  
So, it was really, for us, a real surprise.  

636  
00:44:53,866 --> 00:44:55,566  
弗里德里克认为这种  
Friederike believes this difference  

637  
00:44:55,566 --> 00:44:59,600  
狼与狗的任务完成能力差异  
in the wolves' and dogs' ability to complete the task  

638  
00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:02,566  
并非因为狗比狼智商低...  
is not because the dogs are less intelligent than the wolves...  

639  
00:45:05,666 --> 00:45:08,900  
......而是宠物犬已被驯化  
...but because the pet dogs are domesticated.  

640  
00:45:10,500 --> 00:45:12,233  
再次进行实验  
They experiment is run again.  

641  
00:45:13,200 --> 00:45:14,766  
如果人类主导行动  
If a human leads the action  

642  
00:45:14,766 --> 00:45:17,733  
先拉动绳索 狗会跟随吗？  
by pulling the rope, will the dog follow?  

643  
00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:23,966  
成功  
Success.  

644  
00:45:23,966 --> 00:45:26,600  
这些狗表现出  
The dogs, they just,  

645  
00:45:26,600 --> 00:45:28,766  
"好的 接下来怎么做？"  
"Okay, so what do we do next?"  

646  
00:45:28,766 --> 00:45:30,433  
然后跟随人类行动  
And then they follow the human.  

647  
00:45:30,433 --> 00:45:35,333  
它们不会主动尝试 多数只是等待  
So, instead of going ahead, most of them just wait,  

648  
00:45:35,333 --> 00:45:38,433  
观察人类行为后跟随模仿  
watch what the human is doing, and then they follow the human.  

649  
00:45:38,433 --> 00:45:41,766  
测试表明两只狼能轻松  
These tests show that two wolves together  

650  
00:45:41,766 --> 00:45:44,833  
协作解决这类问题  
can solve problems like this easily,  

651  
00:45:44,833 --> 00:45:49,933  
而狗与人类配对时表现更佳  
whereas, dogs cooperate better when paired with a human.

652  
00:45:49,933 --> 00:45:51,733  
智力很可能与  
So, intelligence is probably related  

653  
00:45:51,733 --> 00:45:54,266  
你与环境互动的方式  
to how you interact with your environment  

654  
00:45:54,266 --> 00:45:57,333  
及解决环境问题的能力相关  
and how you can solve the problems of your environment  

655  
00:45:57,333 --> 00:46:01,166  
狼与狗之间存在差异  
and there are likely differences between wolves and dogs,  

656  
00:46:01,166 --> 00:46:02,733  
这是驯化的结果  
due to the domestication.  

657  
00:46:02,733 --> 00:46:05,466  
狼必须相互协作  
So, the wolf has to cooperate with each other.  

658  
00:46:05,466 --> 00:46:09,333  
它们需要合力猎杀大型猎物并分享  
They have to bring down big prey and share it afterwards,  

659  
00:46:09,333 --> 00:46:12,133  
因此它们适应了这种环境  
so, they are adapted to that environment  

660  
00:46:12,133 --> 00:46:15,133  
具备解决这些问题  
and they have the necessary cognitive abilities  

661  
00:46:15,133 --> 00:46:16,800  
所需的认知能力  
to solve these problems.  

662  
00:46:16,800 --> 00:46:19,066  
而狗的环境通过驯化过程  
Whereas, for the dogs, the environment changed a lot  

663  
00:46:19,066 --> 00:46:21,066  
发生了巨大改变  
through the domestication process.  

664  
00:46:23,366 --> 00:46:25,166  
数千年前  
Thousands of years ago,  

665  
00:46:25,166 --> 00:46:27,633  
人类成为家犬野生祖先  
humans became the main providers of food  

666  
00:46:27,633 --> 00:46:30,266  
的主要食物供给者  
to the wild ancestor of the domestic dog.  

667  
00:46:33,166 --> 00:46:36,300  
驯化使这些远古狼群  
Domestication gradually made these ancient wolves  

668  
00:46:36,300 --> 00:46:38,800  
逐渐依赖人类  
more dependent on humans,  

669  
00:46:38,800 --> 00:46:41,066  
而非同类成员  
instead of members of their own species.  

670  
00:46:43,666 --> 00:46:47,366  
这个过程最终造就了现代宠物犬  
This process eventually produced the pet dogs we know today.  

671  
00:46:48,833 --> 00:46:52,633  
狗真心渴望与人类互动  
The dogs, they really want to do things with us  

672  
00:46:52,633 --> 00:46:53,466  
这显而易见  
and you see that.  

673  
00:46:53,466 --> 00:46:54,766  
当你进入围场时  
I mean, you go in an enclosure  

674  
00:46:54,766 --> 00:46:56,233  
它们会扑向你  
and they come and they jump up on you  

675  
00:46:56,233 --> 00:46:57,666  
围绕着你  
and they are there.  

676  
00:46:57,666 --> 00:46:59,200  
狼见到你也会高兴  
The wolves, they're happy to see you.  

677  
00:46:59,200 --> 00:47:04,100  
它们会过来问候 彼此尊重  
They come, they greet you, there's a mutual respect,  

678  
00:47:04,100 --> 00:47:06,700  
但没有依赖性 当狼表示  
but it's not this dependency, so, if the wolf says,  

679  
00:47:06,700 --> 00:47:10,933  
"好了 爱抚够了 我要走了"  
"Okay, now, I have enough of the petting. I will go."  

680  
00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:17,633  
弗里德里克的研究表明  
Friederike's work suggests  

681  
00:47:17,633 --> 00:47:21,566  
现代宠物犬最受推崇的特质——  
the key traits we most admire in pet dogs today --  

682  
00:47:21,566 --> 00:47:26,233  
智慧 协作 解决问题能力  
intelligence, cooperation, problem-solving --  

683  
00:47:26,233 --> 00:47:29,266  
并非驯化的产物  
were not a result of domestication,  

684  
00:47:29,266 --> 00:47:32,566  
而是狼与生俱来的千年禀赋  
but have been present in the wolf for thousands of years.  

685  
00:47:37,533 --> 00:47:41,466  
随着对这些神奇物种认知的深入  
As our understanding of these incredible species grows,  

686  
00:47:41,466 --> 00:47:44,366  
保护它们的紧迫性也日益凸显  
so, too, does the urgency to protect them.  

687  
00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:51,266  
多亏这些充满热情的少数群体  
And, thanks to small groups of passionate people,  

688  
00:47:51,266 --> 00:47:52,100  
希望尚存  
there's hope.  

689  
00:47:57,133 --> 00:47:59,666  
在密苏里州山麓地带  
In the foothills of Missouri,  

690  
00:47:59,666 --> 00:48:03,433  
环保主义者正在实施非凡计划  
conservationists are embarking on a remarkable plan.  

691  
00:48:06,066 --> 00:48:09,900  
雷吉娜·莫索蒂从事狼保护工作多年  
Regina Mossotti has spent years working with wolves.  

692  
00:48:14,133 --> 00:48:15,266  
现在是喂食时间  
It's feeding time.  

693  
00:48:20,433 --> 00:48:22,466  
昨天体检后它们状态不错  
They look good after yesterday's health check.  

694  
00:48:22,466 --> 00:48:23,300  
- 是的 - 确实不错  
- Yeah. - Yeah, they do.  

695  
00:48:26,300 --> 00:48:28,366  
这是红狼  
This is a red wolf.  

696  
00:48:31,500 --> 00:48:34,033  
全球最濒危的犬科动物之一  
One of the most endangered canids in the world.  

697  
00:48:37,133 --> 00:48:39,433  
野外现存不足20只  
Less than 20 remain in the wild.  

698  
00:48:41,266 --> 00:48:42,766  
为保护这个物种...  
In her battle to protect them...  

699  
00:48:43,733 --> 00:48:47,300  
...雷吉娜照料这些圈养红狼  
...Regina cares for these captive-born red wolves,  

700  
00:48:47,300 --> 00:48:48,933  
希望有朝一日  
in the hope they could, one day,  

701  
00:48:48,933 --> 00:48:51,566  
能避免该物种灭绝  
save the species from extinction.  

702  
00:48:52,633 --> 00:48:54,633  
美国红狼是让我  
The American red wolf is actually a species  

703  
00:48:54,633 --> 00:48:56,266  
倾注心血的物种  
that is close to my heart  

704  
00:48:56,266 --> 00:48:59,066  
因为它是美国特有物种  
because it is solely native to the United States.  

705  
00:48:59,066 --> 00:49:00,966  
最令我震惊的是  
And what surprises me the most,  

706  
00:49:00,966 --> 00:49:04,066  
与公众交流和工作时发现  
when I am talking and working with the public is  

707  
00:49:04,066 --> 00:49:06,533  
多数人甚至不知道红狼存在  
that most people don't even know the red wolf exists,  

708  
00:49:06,533 --> 00:49:08,400  
更不知其濒临灭绝  
let alone that it's on the brink of extinction.  

709  
00:49:08,400 --> 00:49:10,600  
狩猎  
Hunting,  

710  
00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:12,766  
栖息地丧失  
habitat loss,  

711  
00:49:12,766 --> 00:49:16,700  
以及少数幸存野狼与郊狼杂交  
and the few remaining wild wolves hybridizing with coyotes  

712  
00:49:16,700 --> 00:49:18,766  
都阻碍了持续三十多年  
have all hampered conservation efforts  

713  
00:49:18,766 --> 00:49:22,466  
的保护努力  
that have been going on for over 30 years.  

714  
00:49:22,466 --> 00:49:24,633  
美国红狼与灰狼  
The issues that the American red wolf  

715  
00:49:24,633 --> 00:49:27,033  
面临相同困境...  
and the gray wolf face are all the same...  

716  
00:49:28,200 --> 00:49:31,700  
......19世纪末的迫害导致  
...that persecution in the late 1800s led  

717  
00:49:31,700 --> 00:49:34,933  
种群数量急剧下降  
to a dramatic decline in all those populations.  

718  
00:49:34,933 --> 00:49:37,100  
但延续至今的阻碍——  
But what has perpetuated it --  

719  
00:49:37,100 --> 00:49:39,500  
是我们的文化看待狼的方式  
it's the way that our culture looks at wolves.  

720  
00:49:39,500 --> 00:49:40,800  
想想我们的成长经历——  
Think of what you've grown up with --  

721  
00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:43,033  
《小红帽》《三只小猪》  
"Little Red Riding," "Three Little Pigs";  

722  
00:49:43,033 --> 00:49:45,066  
青少年时期是狼人电影  
when you're teenagers, it's werewolf movies.  

723  
00:49:45,066 --> 00:49:47,533  
我们文化中的一切都在灌输  
Everything in our culture is telling us  

724  
00:49:47,533 --> 00:49:48,966  
狼是可怕之物  
that the wolf is something to fear.  

725  
00:49:49,966 --> 00:49:51,966  
恐惧会扼杀保护欲望  
And, when you fear something, you don't want to save it.  

726  
00:49:53,333 --> 00:49:56,966  
讽刺的是 狼其实是  
And the irony is, is that wolves are big  

727  
00:49:56,966 --> 00:49:58,066  
胆小鬼  
scaredy-cats.  

728  
00:49:58,066 --> 00:49:59,666  
不知该如何形容  
I don't know how else to put it.  

729  
00:49:59,666 --> 00:50:01,666  
野外遇到人类就会逃跑  
They run away from people when they're in the wild.  

730  
00:50:01,666 --> 00:50:03,433  
它们根本不想与人类接触  
They want nothing to do with humans.  

731  
00:50:05,633 --> 00:50:10,833  
如今保护者正进行最后努力拯救红狼  
Now, conservationists are in one final push to save the red wolf.  

732  
00:50:17,300 --> 00:50:19,300  
雷吉娜照顾下出生的幼崽  
Pups, born in Regina's care,  

733  
00:50:19,300 --> 00:50:21,700  
可能成为改变红狼命运  
are key to what could be a game-changer  

734  
00:50:21,700 --> 00:50:23,533  
的关键  
for the red wolf's survival.  

735  
00:50:25,700 --> 00:50:27,600  
幼崽跨养育计划  
Pup cross-fostering.  

736  
00:50:28,966 --> 00:50:32,566  
富有创意的生物学家通过观察狼  
A very creative biologist, learning about wolves  

737  
00:50:32,566 --> 00:50:36,666  
了解其行为和养育天性后  
and seeing their behavior and their nurturing character,  

738  
00:50:36,666 --> 00:50:39,300  
提出幼崽养育概念  
had the concept of pup fostering,  

739  
00:50:39,300 --> 00:50:43,033  
将极小的幼崽——土豆大小  
which is taking tiny puppies - I mean potato-sized,  

740  
00:50:43,033 --> 00:50:44,900  
不足两周大的幼崽——  
less than two-week-old puppies --  

741  
00:50:44,900 --> 00:50:47,433  
放入野生巢穴  
and placing them into wild dens.  

742  
00:50:48,700 --> 00:50:52,366  
当野生母狼生产后  
Once a wild wolf mother has given birth to a litter,  

743  
00:50:52,366 --> 00:50:57,366  
同龄的圈养幼崽会被引入巢穴  
captive-born pups of a similar age are introduced into the den.  

744  
00:50:57,366 --> 00:50:59,800  
母狼本能照顾幼崽  
They want to take care of their puppies.  

745  
00:50:59,800 --> 00:51:03,066  
保护 清洁 喂养它们  
They protect them, they clean them, they feed them.  

746  
00:51:03,066 --> 00:51:06,433  
只需放入几只额外幼崽  
And by just placing a few more puppies in there,  

747  
00:51:06,433 --> 00:51:07,566  
它无法分辨差异  
she doesn't know the difference.  

748  
00:51:07,566 --> 00:51:09,766  
会视如己出  
She takes them in as her own.  

749  
00:51:09,766 --> 00:51:11,100  
这种方法有效是因为  
And why it works is  

750  
00:51:11,100 --> 00:51:13,833  
狼具有惊人的养育天性  
because wolves are so incredibly nurturing.  

751  
00:51:13,833 --> 00:51:16,133  
最妙的是野生父母  
And the best part is here's a wild mom  

752  
00:51:16,133 --> 00:51:19,200  
懂得守护领地  
and a wild dad who know how to protect their territory,  

753  
00:51:19,200 --> 00:51:20,400  
猎捕麋鹿  
who know how to hunt elk,  

754  
00:51:20,400 --> 00:51:22,633  
远离人类  
who know how to stay away from people,  

755  
00:51:22,633 --> 00:51:24,333  
能养育这些幼崽并传授  
can raise these puppies and teach them  

756  
00:51:24,333 --> 00:51:26,400  
关键生存技能  
those really important skill sets,  

757  
00:51:26,400 --> 00:51:29,733  
确保幼崽存活茁壮  
so those puppies survive and thrive.  

758  
00:51:29,733 --> 00:51:33,666  
雷吉娜团队证明跨养育的狼崽  
Regina and her team have shown that cross-fostered wolf pups  

759  
00:51:33,666 --> 00:51:35,600  
比其他放归方式  
have a higher rate of survival  

760  
00:51:35,600 --> 00:51:37,700  
存活率更高  
than other kinds of wolf release.  

761  
00:51:39,366 --> 00:51:41,733  
重新引入狼群不仅是  
The reintroduction of wolves isn't just  

762  
00:51:41,733 --> 00:51:43,300  
让消失的物种  
about bringing something back  

763  
00:51:43,300 --> 00:51:45,433  
重回这片土地  
to the landscape that we've lost.  

764  
00:51:45,433 --> 00:51:46,333  
意义更为深远  
It's bigger than that.  

765  
00:51:47,800 --> 00:51:50,133  
这是关于重建生态系统  
It's about restoring the ecosystem,  

766  
00:51:50,133 --> 00:51:52,033  
使其更健康  
making it healthier,  

767  
00:51:52,033 --> 00:51:54,133  
不仅为了那里的动植物  
making it healthier, not just for the animals  

768  
00:51:54,133 --> 00:51:55,900  
也为了我们人类  
and plants that are there, but also for us.  

769  
00:51:58,233 --> 00:52:02,566  
最终 这些非凡狼群的未来...  
Ultimately, the future of these incredible wolves...  

770  
00:52:03,833 --> 00:52:06,333  
......以及全球所有野犬...  
...and all wild dogs across the planet...  

771  
00:52:08,833 --> 00:52:10,433  
......掌握在我们手中  
...lies in our hands.  

772  
00:52:57,700 --> 00:53:01,166  
了解更多本期《自然》节目内容  
To learn more about what you've seen on this "Nature" program,  

773  
00:53:01,166 --> 00:53:03,100  
请访问pbs.org  
visit pbs.org.