1 00:00:03,713 --> 00:00:07,047 非洲最强大的两种食肉动物 Two of Africa's most powerful carnivores 2 00:00:07,124 --> 00:00:10,009 统治着这片草原。 Reign over the savanna. 3 00:00:10,636 --> 00:00:13,795 狮子依靠力量与团队协作—— Lions rely on strength and teamwork - 4 00:00:16,633 --> 00:00:19,718 猎取其他掠食者无法捕捉的猎物。 To hunt prey no other predator can catch. 5 00:00:22,556 --> 00:00:25,649 而鬣狗同样是狩猎高手， While hyenas are also masterful hunters, 6 00:00:25,726 --> 00:00:29,728 它们更擅长抓住其他机会。 They're quick to take advantage of other opportunities. 7 00:00:29,739 --> 00:00:35,367 强大的颌部能轻易撕开皮毛与骨骼。 Their powerful jaws slice through hide and bone with ease. 8 00:00:36,203 --> 00:00:40,080 两个族群都需要养活庞大的家庭， Both species have large families to feed, 9 00:00:40,157 --> 00:00:44,910 在草原上演绎着生死循环。 Creating a cycle of life and death on the savanna. 10 00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:48,380 其他生物则靠它们的残羹剩饭 thriving。 Others thrive on their leftovers. 11 00:00:49,166 --> 00:00:50,507 这支专业且时而令人惊奇的食腐队伍 This specialized, 12 00:00:50,584 --> 00:00:54,053 And sometimes surprising, cast of scavengers 13 00:00:55,506 --> 00:00:59,850 依赖狮子和鬣狗生存。 Relies on lions and hyenas for survival. 14 00:01:29,215 --> 00:01:33,133 非洲食物链的顶端是狮子—— At the very top of Africa's food chain is the lion - 15 00:01:33,302 --> 00:01:35,094 万兽之王。 King of beasts. 16 00:01:35,963 --> 00:01:40,474 这些顶级掠食者拥有力量与威严。 These apex predators possess power and poise. 17 00:01:42,052 --> 00:01:44,052 它们猎杀非洲最大型 They hunt some of Africa's biggest 18 00:01:44,063 --> 00:01:46,146 也是最危险的动物， And most dangerous animals, 19 00:01:46,223 --> 00:01:48,148 并压制其他食肉动物 And dominate other carnivores 20 00:01:48,234 --> 00:01:51,443 以争夺足够的生存食物。 In the race to secure enough food to survive. 21 00:01:57,326 --> 00:01:59,910 很少有场景能比 There are few things more impressive 22 00:01:59,987 --> 00:02:02,037 狩猎中的母狮更令人震撼。 Than a lioness on the hunt. 23 00:02:19,265 --> 00:02:21,932 她悄无声息地接近目标， She stalks her target undetected, 24 00:02:28,023 --> 00:02:29,648 随后发起攻击。 Before launching the attack. 25 00:02:59,054 --> 00:03:01,221 另一头狮子的到来 The arrival of another pride member 26 00:03:01,432 --> 00:03:04,099 宣告了斑马的死亡。 Signals the end for the zebra. 27 00:03:30,327 --> 00:03:34,579 狮子作为尊贵的猛兽被全世界敬仰， Lions are revered the world over as regal beasts 28 00:03:34,590 --> 00:03:36,757 它们在草原上以庞大紧密的家族 And they thrive across the savanna 29 00:03:36,833 --> 00:03:39,134 繁衍生息。 In large, close-knit families. 30 00:03:57,363 --> 00:03:59,854 狮子备受尊崇的同时， While the lion is revered, 31 00:03:59,865 --> 00:04:02,074 鬣狗却遭人嘲笑。 The hyena is mocked. 32 00:04:05,862 --> 00:04:07,955 这些精明的机会主义者 These masterful opportunists 33 00:04:08,031 --> 00:04:11,208 被视为非洲丛林的丑角。 Are considered the clowns of the African bush. 34 00:04:18,041 --> 00:04:21,051 在多数人眼中疯狂而凶残， Viewed by many as manic and mean, 35 00:04:21,128 --> 00:04:23,637 恶名远扬。 Their reputation precedes them. 36 00:04:26,216 --> 00:04:28,267 但这有失公允。 But it's ill deserved. 37 00:04:30,479 --> 00:04:32,220 虽以食腐闻名， Though known as scavengers, 38 00:04:32,231 --> 00:04:34,889 它们实则是出色的猎手， They are actually accomplished hunters, 39 00:04:34,900 --> 00:04:38,568 有些鬣狗95%的食物都来自亲自捕猎。 Some killing as much as 95 percent of their food. 40 00:04:41,490 --> 00:04:42,656 与狮子相似， Like lions, 41 00:04:42,733 --> 00:04:45,158 鬣狗也生活在高度社会化 Hyenas also live in highly social 42 00:04:45,235 --> 00:04:47,744 且等级森严的群体中。 And strictly organized societies. 43 00:04:48,989 --> 00:04:50,989 但它们的独特之处在于 But what makes them special 44 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,825 能利用其他动物无法利用的资源。 Is their ability to take advantage of resources 45 00:04:53,836 --> 00:04:56,253 Other animals can't. 46 00:05:06,340 --> 00:05:10,017 鬣狗与狮子的生活交织着 Hyenas and lions live lives with a delicate mix 47 00:05:10,093 --> 00:05:13,937 竞争与合作的微妙平衡。 Of competition and cooperation. 48 00:05:23,365 --> 00:05:28,201 它们的猎物不仅供养自己的族群， The animals they kill don't only support the pride and clan; 49 00:05:28,278 --> 00:05:30,120 还为无数大小生物 They're a source of sustenance 50 00:05:30,197 --> 00:05:34,374 提供生存所需。 For a host of other creatures large and small. 51 00:05:34,501 --> 00:05:37,118 这些食腐动物极度依赖 These scavengers are heavily reliant 52 00:05:37,129 --> 00:05:40,339 这两大顶级掠食者生存。 On these top two predators for survival. 53 00:05:41,958 --> 00:05:45,302 在残羹剩饭中延续生命。 Building their lives from the leftovers. 54 00:06:09,820 --> 00:06:13,622 狮群在炎热的白天休憩。 A pride relaxes during the heat of the day. 55 00:06:17,169 --> 00:06:22,005 休息时充满了玩耍与 bonding 的时间。 While they rest there's plenty of time for play, and bonding. 56 00:06:44,187 --> 00:06:46,780 幼狮享受着备受呵护的成长环境， The cubs have a charmed upbringing, 57 00:06:46,857 --> 00:06:49,524 在成年狮子的看护下生活。 Watched over by the pride's adults. 58 00:06:52,362 --> 00:06:55,196 它们依赖家族获得保护和食物， They'll rely on their family for protection and food 59 00:06:55,207 --> 00:06:57,999 直到约16个月大。 Until they're around sixteen months old. 60 00:07:09,221 --> 00:07:11,471 它们的母亲终生 Their mother has spent her whole life 61 00:07:11,682 --> 00:07:15,133 与雌性亲属生活在这个狮群中。 Living with her female relatives in this pride. 62 00:07:15,144 --> 00:07:18,136 她将得到姐妹——幼狮的姑姑们—— And she'll get important help from her sisters, 63 00:07:18,147 --> 00:07:20,730 的重要协助来抚养后代。 The cubs' aunts, in raising them. 64 00:07:40,002 --> 00:07:43,253 狮群中的母狮会互相哺育幼崽， The pride's lionesses suckle one-another's cubs, 65 00:07:43,330 --> 00:07:47,174 共同分担养育家族的重任。 Helping to share the burden of raising the young family. 66 00:07:51,087 --> 00:07:53,263 虽然没有固定繁殖季节， While they don't have a breeding season, 67 00:07:53,340 --> 00:07:56,975 但狮群内的生育周期往往同步。 Reproduction is often synchronized within a pride. 68 00:07:59,596 --> 00:08:04,265 母狮每胎产下1-4只幼崽， Lionesses give birth to litters of between one and four cubs 69 00:08:04,276 --> 00:08:06,485 生育时间大致相同。 At roughly the same time. 70 00:08:07,863 --> 00:08:11,531 这意味着所有幼崽体型相近， This means that all of the cubs are similar sizes, 71 00:08:11,700 --> 00:08:14,117 避免了进食时的竞争， Avoiding competition at feeding time, 72 00:08:14,194 --> 00:08:17,496 让每个成员都有平等的生存机会。 Giving everyone an equal chance at survival. 73 00:08:19,374 --> 00:08:23,293 幼狮两个多月大开始吃肉， While the cubs begin to eat meat at just over two months old, 74 00:08:23,370 --> 00:08:26,546 但会继续哺乳至六个月大 They will continue to suckle to the age of six months 75 00:08:26,623 --> 00:08:28,507 才断奶。 Before being weaned. 76 00:08:43,690 --> 00:08:47,567 对于斑鬣狗幼崽，生活截然不同。 For the spotted hyena pup, life is very different. 77 00:08:50,405 --> 00:08:54,074 它所在的族群中雌性地位高于雄性， She lives in a clan where females hold higher ranks 78 00:08:54,150 --> 00:08:55,534 Than males. 79 00:09:01,324 --> 00:09:03,583 体重约150磅的母鬣狗 Weighing around 150 pounds, 80 00:09:03,660 --> 00:09:09,172 比任何雄性足足重20磅。 The pup's mother is a full 20 pounds larger than any male. 81 00:09:21,603 --> 00:09:25,814 幼崽珍惜每一次探索外界的机会。 The pup relishes any chance to explore the outside world. 82 00:09:29,444 --> 00:09:32,612 与狮子不同，当族群外出狩猎时， Unlike lions, when the clan goes out to hunt, 83 00:09:32,739 --> 00:09:36,941 没有留守照看幼崽的成员， There are no babysitters to stay back and watch over the pups, 84 00:09:36,952 --> 00:09:40,537 幼崽被独自留在地下的巢穴中。 So they're left behind at the den, hidden underground. 85 00:09:45,702 --> 00:09:49,838 幼鬣狗出生时就拥有发达的牙齿。 The young hyena was born with well-developed teeth. 86 00:09:51,717 --> 00:09:54,968 但目前仅以母乳为食， But for now she lives exclusively on her mother's milk 87 00:09:55,045 --> 00:09:58,430 这种情况将持续到近9个月大。 And will do so until she's almost 9 months old. 88 00:10:03,386 --> 00:10:06,304 这是高营养的配方—— It's a potent formula - 89 00:10:06,315 --> 00:10:08,648 鬣狗乳汁的蛋白质含量 Hyena milk has the highest protein content 90 00:10:08,817 --> 00:10:11,192 居陆地食肉动物之首。 Of any terrestrial carnivore. 91 00:10:16,742 --> 00:10:18,575 与狮群不同， Unlike in lion prides, 92 00:10:18,652 --> 00:10:20,910 它的母亲在哺乳和养育过程中 Her mother receives no help in suckling 93 00:10:20,987 --> 00:10:22,621 得不到任何帮助。 Or raising the youngster. 94 00:10:25,992 --> 00:10:28,576 由于没有同步繁殖， And without synchronized breeding, 95 00:10:28,587 --> 00:10:33,506 鬣狗群中常有不同年龄的幼崽。 Hyena packs often include young of varying ages. 96 00:10:34,843 --> 00:10:39,012 因此这只幼崽有许多年长的"表亲"。 As a result the pup has a number of older cousins. 97 00:10:40,015 --> 00:10:41,431 这些亚成年鬣狗 These juveniles 98 00:10:41,508 --> 00:10:44,592 身体大部分已长出斑点皮毛， Already have most of their first layer of spotty coat, 99 00:10:44,603 --> 00:10:47,604 只有腿部保留出生时的黑色。 With only their legs retaining the natal black. 100 00:10:50,901 --> 00:10:54,653 它们已能跟随族群外出觅食。 And they're old enough to join the clan on foraging trips. 101 00:11:00,535 --> 00:11:03,277 雌性终生留在族群中， Females remain with the clan for life, 102 00:11:03,288 --> 00:11:06,456 雄性性成熟后（一两年内）将离开， But males will leave when they reach sexual maturity 103 00:11:06,533 --> 00:11:08,366 In a year or two. 104 00:11:11,204 --> 00:11:13,713 前往其他族群寻找交配机会。 When they'll strike out to find mating opportunities 105 00:11:13,924 --> 00:11:15,674 In another clan. 106 00:11:34,060 --> 00:11:35,735 雌性幼狮 The female lion cubs 107 00:11:35,904 --> 00:11:39,698 将终生生活在这个狮群中。 Will spend their entire lives in this pride. 108 00:11:40,400 --> 00:11:42,075 但和雄性鬣狗一样， But, like the male hyenas, 109 00:11:42,152 --> 00:11:45,078 它们的兄弟必须在第三年离开， Their brothers will have to leave in their third year 110 00:11:45,155 --> 00:11:47,580 寻找属于自己的狮群。 To seek out a pride of their own. 111 00:11:49,084 --> 00:11:52,001 它们需要与其他雄性战斗夺取控制权。 They'll have to fight other males for control. 112 00:11:56,666 --> 00:12:00,468 这种狮群更替可能伴随血腥结局。 And these pride takeovers can have a gruesome result. 113 00:12:10,764 --> 00:12:14,190 新来的雄狮会杀死狮群现有幼崽， Incoming males will kill the existing cubs of a pride 114 00:12:14,267 --> 00:12:17,193 迫使雌狮再次进入发情期。 In order to bring the females back into heat. 115 00:12:18,104 --> 00:12:19,612 幼崽只有 Cubs can only survive 116 00:12:19,689 --> 00:12:22,774 在雌狮与现任雄狮联手赢得战斗、 If the pride's females work with the resident males 117 00:12:22,784 --> 00:12:26,411 阻止权力更迭时才能存活。 To help win the battle and prevent a takeover. 118 00:12:31,918 --> 00:12:34,202 幼狮面临的最大危险 The biggest danger to lion cubs 119 00:12:34,212 --> 00:12:36,796 是企图篡位的成年雄狮 Is the vicious disposition of adult males 120 00:12:37,007 --> 00:12:39,215 的凶残本性。 Muscling in on their pride. 121 00:13:42,948 --> 00:13:44,522 在广袤的草原上， Throughout the savanna 122 00:13:44,533 --> 00:13:48,442 即使最庞大威猛的动物也难逃威胁， Even the largest and most majestic animals are vulnerable, 123 00:13:48,453 --> 00:13:51,412 有时威胁来自同类。 Sometimes from their own kind. 124 00:13:56,795 --> 00:14:01,214 犀牛用巨角争夺领地， Rhino bulls use their massive horns in fights for territories. 125 00:14:01,291 --> 00:14:03,550 这些战斗可能致命。 And these can be deadly. 126 00:14:05,795 --> 00:14:08,721 这头公牛不敌对手， This bull was no match for his opponent, 127 00:14:08,798 --> 00:14:11,850 转身逃跑时仍被追击。 Which pursued him when he turned to flee. 128 00:14:18,900 --> 00:14:23,227 皮肤的伤痕显示它被多次刺中， The scrapes on his skin show where he was repeatedly stabbed, 129 00:14:23,238 --> 00:14:25,321 直到前腿被刺穿 Until the deadly blow was dealt, 130 00:14:25,398 --> 00:14:28,408 遭受致命一击。 Which pierced the skin at his foreleg. 131 00:14:33,915 --> 00:14:37,333 如同所有生物 即便是草原上的巨兽 Like all animals, even the giants of the savanna 132 00:14:37,410 --> 00:14:39,878 终有陨落之时 Must eventually die. 133 00:14:43,091 --> 00:14:45,925 当它们死去 便为斑鬣狗提供了绝佳机会 And when they do, they present a perfect opportunity 134 00:14:46,136 --> 00:14:49,846 让这些机会主义者大显身手 For the spotted hyenas to make the most of their skill set. 135 00:14:54,519 --> 00:14:57,604 超乎寻常的敏锐嗅觉与听觉 An incredibly acute sense of smell and hearing 136 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:00,773 使它们总是最先抵达猎物现场 Means they're often the first to arrive at a kill. 137 00:15:05,363 --> 00:15:08,364 一头年轻雄鬣狗谨慎靠近 A young male approaches cautiously. 138 00:15:09,784 --> 00:15:13,361 尽管美食当前 此地仍危机四伏 Despite the meal on offer this is a dangerous place, 139 00:15:13,371 --> 00:15:16,706 狮子同样拥有敏锐嗅觉 Lions also have a strong sense of smell 140 00:15:16,783 --> 00:15:19,918 且从不拒绝腐食 And are not above scavenging. 141 00:15:20,795 --> 00:15:23,212 但此刻四周安全 But the coast is clear. 142 00:15:23,957 --> 00:15:26,549 其他族群成员迅速聚集 Other clan members quickly arrive. 143 00:15:40,065 --> 00:15:44,651 两只雌性高扬的尾巴彰显着自信与兴奋 The raised tails of two females show confidence and excitement. 144 00:15:47,647 --> 00:15:49,238 它们毫不迟疑 And they waste no time 145 00:15:49,315 --> 00:15:52,241 开始撕扯犀牛厚实的皮毛 In tucking into the rhino's thick hide. 146 00:16:02,412 --> 00:16:06,714 高阶地位让雌性优先享用最优质部位 Their higher rank means they're in first for the best pickings. 147 00:16:25,860 --> 00:16:28,861 年轻雄性恭敬等候 The young male respectfully waits his turn, 148 00:16:32,859 --> 00:16:35,702 伺机捡食残渣 Picking off scraps when he can. 149 00:16:53,713 --> 00:16:56,964 鬣狗强大的臼齿（裂齿） The hyena's formidable cheek-teeth, or carnassials, 150 00:16:56,975 --> 00:17:00,893 能撕裂最坚韧的兽皮 Enable them to slice through even the toughest of hides. 151 00:17:05,058 --> 00:17:08,818 而犀牛皮堪称草原最坚韧的皮革 And they don't come much tougher than a rhino's. 152 00:17:11,647 --> 00:17:15,575 最终它们触及皮下丰厚的脂肪层 Eventually they gain access to the fatty flesh below. 153 00:17:25,587 --> 00:17:28,963 鬣狗的特长早已被其他掠食者熟知 The hyena's skills haven't gone unnoticed. 154 00:17:31,084 --> 00:17:32,666 多数生物终其一生 While many spend their lives 155 00:17:32,677 --> 00:17:36,095 竭力躲避狮子和鬣狗 Actively avoiding lions and hyenas, 156 00:17:36,222 --> 00:17:38,347 有些却主动追随 Others seek them out. 157 00:17:48,318 --> 00:17:50,359 秃鹫跟随鬣狗而来 The vultures have followed the hyena 158 00:17:50,436 --> 00:17:53,071 期待被引向猎物 In the hope of being lead to a kill. 159 00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:56,741 但它们必须耐心等待 But they must wait their turn. 160 00:17:59,120 --> 00:18:02,789 最先发现尸体的雄鬣狗同样如此 So must the male hyena that first found the carcass. 161 00:18:02,865 --> 00:18:06,117 它是外来者 出身其他族群 He's an outcast, born into another clan, 162 00:18:06,127 --> 00:18:09,087 三岁左右离开原生家族 Which he left around the age of three. 163 00:18:10,298 --> 00:18:12,873 经过漫长的融入过程 After a long process of assimilation 164 00:18:12,884 --> 00:18:15,093 终被新族群接纳 The group finally accepted him. 165 00:18:16,304 --> 00:18:19,972 但作为雄性 其地位低于所有成年雌性 But as a male he ranks lower than all adult females. 166 00:18:24,270 --> 00:18:26,979 又因非本族出身 And because he wasn't born into this clan, 167 00:18:27,056 --> 00:18:31,067 地位也低于所有原生雄性 He also ranks lower than all the males who were. 168 00:18:31,144 --> 00:18:33,653 唯一能俯视的 The only creatures he holds rank over 169 00:18:33,729 --> 00:18:36,114 只有围观的秃鹫 Are the onlooking vultures. 170 00:18:39,327 --> 00:18:42,745 尽管为寻找食物付出艰辛努力 Despite having done all the hard work to find the meal, 171 00:18:42,822 --> 00:18:44,580 只要雌性在场 While the females are around 172 00:18:44,657 --> 00:18:48,042 它不敢争夺最佳进食位 He's unwilling to challenge for a prime place on the kill. 173 00:18:52,498 --> 00:18:56,592 犀牛尸体对这个家族而言是罕见幸运 The rhino carcass is an unusual and lucky find for the family 174 00:18:56,669 --> 00:18:58,594 足够它们享用多日 And will feed them for days. 175 00:18:59,755 --> 00:19:01,681 这头重逾一吨的 Weighing over a ton, 176 00:19:01,757 --> 00:19:05,593 巨型食草动物属于草原最庞大 The giant herbivore is part of a group of the savanna's largest 177 00:19:05,603 --> 00:19:08,604 最强壮的生物群体 And most powerful animals. 178 00:19:08,681 --> 00:19:11,941 完全无需担心被捕食 All of which face no risk of predation. 179 00:19:20,410 --> 00:19:25,079 这个重量级群体包括犀牛 This group of heavyweights includes rhinos, 180 00:19:26,282 --> 00:19:27,915 河马 Hippos, 181 00:19:39,795 --> 00:19:42,972 以及陆地最大哺乳动物—— And the largest land mammals of all - 182 00:19:43,049 --> 00:19:44,974 非洲象 African elephants. 183 00:19:49,639 --> 00:19:51,555 这头五吨半的大象 At five and a half tons, 184 00:19:51,566 --> 00:19:55,067 远超一吨的安全阈值 This elephant was well above the one-ton threshold of safety 185 00:19:55,144 --> 00:19:57,570 无需担心掠食者 And wasn't at risk of predation. 186 00:19:58,564 --> 00:20:02,816 但即便庞大体型也难敌岁月侵蚀 But even its imposing size can't protect it from old age. 187 00:20:05,655 --> 00:20:07,655 狮群优先进食 The lion pride fed first 188 00:20:07,665 --> 00:20:10,741 接着鬣狗取走所需 Then the hyenas took what they wanted; 189 00:20:10,752 --> 00:20:13,169 现在轮到其他食客 Now it's left to the rest. 190 00:20:14,839 --> 00:20:18,507 黑背胡狼依赖狮子和鬣狗 A black-backed jackal is reliant on lions and hyenas 191 00:20:18,584 --> 00:20:20,968 才能打开如此巨型的尸体 To open up a carcass of this size. 192 00:20:23,097 --> 00:20:25,589 虽然擅长自主捕猎 While they're adept at hunting for themselves, 193 00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,476 胡狼从不放弃任何食腐机会 Jackals will take any chance to scavenge. 194 00:20:32,098 --> 00:20:35,942 这具尸体意味着免费大餐 And the carcass presents an opportunity for a free meal. 195 00:20:38,029 --> 00:20:40,529 胡狼实行一夫一妻制 Jackals live in monogamous breeding pairs 196 00:20:40,606 --> 00:20:43,190 没有更复杂的社会结构 And have no wider social structure, 197 00:20:43,201 --> 00:20:46,535 但会因食物聚集 But will gather in numbers around a source of food. 198 00:20:49,782 --> 00:20:52,291 尽管大象尸体已经风干 Despite the elephant's desiccated appearance, 199 00:20:52,368 --> 00:20:55,253 残骸仍富含营养 The remains still have valuable nutrients to offer. 200 00:20:57,873 --> 00:20:59,799 虽然这头大象的庞大身躯 Though this elephant's massive bulk 201 00:20:59,875 --> 00:21:01,709 使其免遭捕食 Kept it safe from predation, 202 00:21:01,719 --> 00:21:04,303 但对于体重不足一吨的生物 For everything weighing less than a ton, 203 00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:08,966 草原猎手的威胁无处不在 The threat from the savanna's hunters is ever present. 204 00:21:08,977 --> 00:21:11,394 其中最危险的 And none is more threatening 205 00:21:11,470 --> 00:21:12,687 莫过于狮子 Than the lion. 206 00:21:22,231 --> 00:21:24,824 狮群中母狮猎杀了一头疣猪 One of the pride's lionesses has killed a warthog 207 00:21:24,900 --> 00:21:27,410 如今两个月大的幼崽 And now at over two months old 208 00:21:27,495 --> 00:21:31,205 正初次品尝肉食滋味 These cubs are getting one of their first tastes of meat. 209 00:21:38,006 --> 00:21:41,340 狮群的残羹分为两种： Lions' leftovers come in two guises: 210 00:21:41,417 --> 00:21:44,752 主动猎杀的猎物如疣猪 Kills they intentionally hunted like the warthog, 211 00:21:44,762 --> 00:21:48,264 和偶然发现的尸体如大象 And carcasses they stumble across like the elephant. 212 00:21:57,108 --> 00:21:59,358 与疣猪体型相仿的动物 Animals of similar weight to the warthog 213 00:21:59,435 --> 00:22:01,777 占草原多数掠食者 Make up more than half of the diet 214 00:22:01,854 --> 00:22:03,821 半数以上的食谱 Of most of the savanna's predators. 215 00:22:09,695 --> 00:22:12,621 狮子虽会捕食这类小猎物 Lions can go for these bite-sized snacks 216 00:22:12,698 --> 00:22:16,042 但它们真正的优势在于惊人力量 But they also have the advantage of incredible strength 217 00:22:16,118 --> 00:22:18,961 及协同作战能力 And the ability to launch coordinated attacks 218 00:22:19,038 --> 00:22:21,339 可猎杀水牛等大型动物 On larger animals like this buffalo. 219 00:22:35,563 --> 00:22:39,732 某些狮群70%的食物来源 Some prides get as much as 70 percent of their sustenance 220 00:22:39,809 --> 00:22:43,152 是超过600磅的大型动物 From animals heavier than 600 pounds 221 00:22:43,229 --> 00:22:47,323 包括斑马、长颈鹿和水牛 Including zebra, giraffe and buffalo. 222 00:22:54,490 --> 00:22:56,999 庞大雄狮速度不及雌性 Huge males are slower than females 223 00:22:57,076 --> 00:23:00,419 常不参与敏捷猎物的追捕 And often don't join in the hunts for more agile prey, 224 00:23:00,588 --> 00:23:03,414 因此被误认为 Earning them the undeserved stereotype 225 00:23:03,549 --> 00:23:05,383 好吃懒做的寄生虫 Of lazy freeloaders. 226 00:23:14,093 --> 00:23:15,843 当需要制服 When it comes to bringing down 227 00:23:15,853 --> 00:23:18,262 重达1500磅的水牛时 A one and a half thousand pound buffalo, 228 00:23:18,272 --> 00:23:20,648 绝对力量无可替代 There's no substitute for brute strength. 229 00:23:27,865 --> 00:23:31,200 独行雄狮承担了草原上 And lone males are responsible for a substantial proportion 230 00:23:31,277 --> 00:23:33,661 相当比例的水牛猎杀 Of the buffalo killed on the savanna. 231 00:23:40,962 --> 00:23:44,121 无法独自享用整头水牛 Unable to finish the entire animal by himself, 232 00:23:44,132 --> 00:23:45,456 狮群首领 The pride's alpha 233 00:23:45,466 --> 00:23:48,676 欣然与部分母狮分享 Is happy to share with some of the lionesses. 234 00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:20,332 狮群可一顿吃完一头黑斑羚 And while the family can devour an impala in one sitting, 235 00:24:20,409 --> 00:24:24,336 成年水牛则需要慢慢消化 An adult buffalo takes some eating. 236 00:25:09,217 --> 00:25:11,050 夜幕降临 As evening sets in, 237 00:25:11,126 --> 00:25:13,511 胡狼开始活动 The jackals begin to move. 238 00:25:19,051 --> 00:25:21,885 这对一夫一妻制的伴侣 The male and female of the monogamous pair 239 00:25:21,896 --> 00:25:24,146 分头觅食 Head out to forage separately. 240 00:25:25,399 --> 00:25:28,859 通过凄厉叫声保持联络 But they stay in contact via haunting calls. 241 00:25:33,824 --> 00:25:37,493 它们深知狮子夜间最活跃 They know that lions operate most efficiently at night, 242 00:25:37,570 --> 00:25:39,069 而夜幕降临 And that the coming darkness 243 00:25:39,080 --> 00:25:42,164 将增加它们捡漏的机会 Increases their chance of scavenging a meal. 244 00:25:59,267 --> 00:26:00,516 好运降临 They're in luck. 245 00:26:04,680 --> 00:26:06,346 饱餐之后 After eating its fill, 246 00:26:06,357 --> 00:26:10,276 狮群未留守护水牛尸体 The pride has left the buffalo carcass unguarded. 247 00:26:12,780 --> 00:26:15,990 雄胡狼的机会来了 Opening the door for the male jackal. 248 00:26:26,752 --> 00:26:28,586 它并非独享 And he's not alone. 249 00:26:30,715 --> 00:26:32,631 后来者并非其伴侣 The latecomer isn't his mate, 250 00:26:32,708 --> 00:26:35,593 而是邻近领地的另一只雄性 But another male from a neighboring territory. 251 00:26:38,130 --> 00:26:42,558 它可能从半英里外的下风处嗅到气味 He may have smelt the carcass from over half a mile downwind. 252 00:26:43,644 --> 00:26:47,146 循着机遇的气息追踪至此 Following the scent of opportunity to its source. 253 00:26:49,984 --> 00:26:52,234 尽管猎物庞大 But despite the huge carcass, 254 00:26:52,311 --> 00:26:55,654 先到者却不愿分享 The first male isn't in the mood to share. 255 00:26:58,150 --> 00:27:01,619 这里的肉量远超胡狼食量 There's far more meat than the jackal can eat here. 256 00:27:03,155 --> 00:27:06,406 但非洲草原的生活充满变数 But life on the African savanna is unpredictable, 257 00:27:06,417 --> 00:27:10,002 必须把握每次机会 And they must take full advantage of every opportunity. 258 00:27:14,091 --> 00:27:15,415 饱食之后 Once he's full 259 00:27:15,426 --> 00:27:17,926 它会将肉块藏匿各处 He'll stash pieces of meat in hiding places 260 00:27:18,003 --> 00:27:20,888 供未来数日取用 To return to in the coming days. 261 00:27:23,592 --> 00:27:25,643 但它必须动作迅速 But he must work quickly. 262 00:27:26,687 --> 00:27:28,520 猎物的合法主人 The rightful owner of the carcass 263 00:27:28,597 --> 00:27:30,898 正在召唤狮群 Calls in the rest of the pride. 264 00:27:32,768 --> 00:27:35,653 此刻绝非逞强之时 Now is not the time to be brave. 265 00:27:48,125 --> 00:27:51,043 狮群很快夺回了猎物 Soon enough they've reclaimed the kill. 266 00:27:52,213 --> 00:27:53,587 与鬣狗不同 Unlike hyenas, 267 00:27:53,839 --> 00:27:57,675 成年雄狮在狮群中享有进食优先权 Mature males dominate access to food in the lion pride. 268 00:28:00,137 --> 00:28:02,429 但首领已然饱腹 But the alpha is still full 269 00:28:03,799 --> 00:28:06,642 母狮与亚成年狮子 And there's enough here for the females and adolescents 270 00:28:06,719 --> 00:28:08,477 得以和平分享 To share in peace. 271 00:29:03,859 --> 00:29:07,619 无数掠食者在夜幕掩护下活动 With so many predators operating under the cover of darkness, 272 00:29:07,696 --> 00:29:10,789 黎明时分总现诸多牺牲者 First light reveals many casualties, 273 00:29:10,866 --> 00:29:13,041 与机遇 And opportunities. 274 00:29:17,381 --> 00:29:21,008 夜间 一只年轻南非羚羊被啃食殆尽 In the night, a young blesbok has been devoured. 275 00:29:24,972 --> 00:29:27,389 狮子已将尸体上 The lions have already done a good job 276 00:29:27,466 --> 00:29:29,224 几乎所有可食用部分 Of gleaning from the carcass almost 277 00:29:29,301 --> 00:29:31,310 清理一空 All the available goodness. 278 00:29:36,942 --> 00:29:39,443 但仍有残渣可寻 But there are still scraps to be had. 279 00:29:42,156 --> 00:29:46,408 最出人意料的访客前来探查 And a most unlikely group of visitors arrives to investigate. 280 00:29:49,822 --> 00:29:51,747 疣猪一家 A family of warthogs. 281 00:29:55,661 --> 00:29:57,586 疣猪是唯一适应 Warthogs are the only pigs 282 00:29:57,663 --> 00:30:00,839 草原与草地栖息的猪科动物 Adapted to grazing in savanna or grassland habitats, 283 00:30:01,050 --> 00:30:04,802 几乎完全以草根为生 Subsisting almost entirely on grasses and roots. 284 00:30:05,846 --> 00:30:08,597 但偶尔也会补充 But they'll occasionally supplement this diet 285 00:30:08,674 --> 00:30:10,808 食用动物残骸 With scraps of carrion. 286 00:30:12,177 --> 00:30:15,813 幼崽更多是好奇而非饥饿 The piglets seem more inquisitive than hungry. 287 00:30:20,853 --> 00:30:22,185 很快 And soon enough 288 00:30:22,196 --> 00:30:25,489 它们回归最爱的食物 They return to their favored food. 289 00:30:33,541 --> 00:30:34,948 换作平日 On another day, 290 00:30:35,042 --> 00:30:37,868 这些疣猪可能已成狮群猎物 These warthogs might have fallen prey to the lions. 291 00:30:40,706 --> 00:30:43,373 但今日它们得以体验 But today they get a chance to see life 292 00:30:43,384 --> 00:30:45,843 食腐者的视角 From the scavengers' perspective. 293 00:31:04,822 --> 00:31:08,866 狮子很少在饱食前离开猎物 Lions seldom leave a carcass before they're satisfied, 294 00:31:10,485 --> 00:31:13,653 但草原上还有更小型的掠食者 But there are other, smaller predators on the savanna 295 00:31:13,664 --> 00:31:15,906 如花豹与猎豹 Such as leopards and cheetahs, 296 00:31:15,916 --> 00:31:19,543 受惊时会放弃猎物 Which will occasionally abandon their kill if startled. 297 00:31:24,425 --> 00:31:27,593 这为其他动物创造了更大机遇 This presents even greater opportunity for others, 298 00:31:27,669 --> 00:31:30,429 前提是能赶在鬣狗之前 If they can beat the hyenas to the spoils. 299 00:31:34,676 --> 00:31:36,268 这两只白头秃鹫 These hooded vultures 300 00:31:36,345 --> 00:31:39,354 正享用被花豹猎杀后遗弃的 Are taking full advantage of an impala carcass 301 00:31:39,431 --> 00:31:41,899 黑斑羚尸体 Killed, then abandoned by a leopard. 302 00:31:43,018 --> 00:31:45,268 它们体型小于多数秃鹫 They're smaller than many other vultures, 303 00:31:45,279 --> 00:31:48,697 清晨比其他种类早一小时离巢 And leave their roost around an hour earlier than other species 304 00:31:48,774 --> 00:31:50,449 In the morning. 305 00:31:55,530 --> 00:31:59,416 对它们而言 早起的鸟儿有虫吃 For these two, it's a case of the early bird catches the kill. 306 00:32:01,545 --> 00:32:04,963 白头秃鹫往往最先抵达尸体 Hooded vultures are often the first to arrive at a carcass, 307 00:32:05,174 --> 00:32:09,593 避开与更大型秃鹫的竞争 Avoiding competition with their bigger, more powerful cousins. 308 00:32:11,555 --> 00:32:13,964 它们用尖细的喙 They use their sharp, slender beaks 309 00:32:13,974 --> 00:32:17,684 尽可能多吃猎物 To eat as much as they can from the kill. 310 00:32:18,729 --> 00:32:21,772 每日进食超过半磅食物 Eating over half a pound of food per day. 311 00:32:24,393 --> 00:32:26,985 早起与敏锐视力 Their early start and keen eyesight 312 00:32:27,112 --> 00:32:28,946 终得回报 Has paid off. 313 00:32:32,910 --> 00:32:35,327 但秃鹫并非唯一 But the vultures aren't the only opportunists 314 00:32:35,404 --> 00:32:39,373 伺机赶在鬣狗胡狼前捡漏的投机者 Waiting to beat the hyenas and jackals to unguarded spoils. 315 00:32:54,181 --> 00:32:55,755 来自灌木丛的大军 An army from the undergrowth 316 00:32:55,766 --> 00:32:59,592 迅速占据新鲜水羚尸体 Is quick to take full advantage of a fresh waterbuck carcass. 317 00:33:02,431 --> 00:33:04,856 蜣螂以滚粪球闻名 Dung beetles are famous for their strategy 318 00:33:04,933 --> 00:33:07,442 长途运输粪球 Of rolling balls of dung cross-country 319 00:33:07,519 --> 00:33:09,611 埋藏于地下 To stash safe below ground. 320 00:33:12,366 --> 00:33:15,993 但它们也是最早抵达尸体的生物之一 But they're also one of the first to arrive at a kill. 321 00:33:16,704 --> 00:33:18,111 在此它们充分利用 Where they make the most 322 00:33:18,163 --> 00:33:21,790 水羚未完全消化的胃容物 Of the waterbuck's partially digested stomach contents. 323 00:33:28,132 --> 00:33:30,048 不同体型的多个物种 Multiple species, of different sizes 324 00:33:30,175 --> 00:33:32,884 齐聚开发这份资源 All descend to exploit the resource. 325 00:33:34,629 --> 00:33:37,014 但它们不仅为粪便而来 But they're not just here for dung. 326 00:33:39,810 --> 00:33:41,309 许多甲虫也会食用 Many beetles will also eat 327 00:33:41,386 --> 00:33:43,937 尸体本身的脂肪与肉 The fat and meat of the carcass itself. 328 00:33:46,141 --> 00:33:47,640 如同胡狼 And like the jackal, 329 00:33:47,651 --> 00:33:50,986 有些会将部分藏入地下洞穴 Some will even stash parts in burrows beneath the ground. 330 00:33:55,284 --> 00:33:58,068 蜣螂棒状触角上 The dung beetles' exceptional sense receptors 331 00:33:58,078 --> 00:34:00,070 非凡的感应器 On club-like antennae 332 00:34:00,080 --> 00:34:02,489 使它们常是最早抵达 Mean they're often among the first to arrive 333 00:34:02,499 --> 00:34:04,041 新鲜尸体的生物 On a fresh carcass. 334 00:34:06,411 --> 00:34:07,753 假以时日 Given time, 335 00:34:07,829 --> 00:34:11,164 它们将被大量昆虫包围 They'll be surrounded by an abundance of insect life. 336 00:34:14,002 --> 00:34:17,921 这具角马尸体喂养了小狮群 This wildebeest carcass fed a small pride of lions, 337 00:34:17,931 --> 00:34:20,724 及众多大型食腐动物 As well as numerous large scavengers. 338 00:34:25,013 --> 00:34:26,438 但出人意料 But surprisingly, 339 00:34:26,515 --> 00:34:28,515 正是在这最后阶段 It's at this very late stage 340 00:34:28,525 --> 00:34:31,568 供养了最多样化的生物 That it provides for the biggest variety of life. 341 00:34:34,239 --> 00:34:39,326 仅剩薄皮 毛发与坚韧筋肉 All that's left is a thin layer of skin, hair, and sinewy flesh. 342 00:34:41,038 --> 00:34:42,862 昆虫大军 And an insect army 343 00:34:42,873 --> 00:34:46,166 降临处理最后残渣 Has descended to take care of the very last scraps. 344 00:34:51,039 --> 00:34:53,131 这是蛆虫的理想育婴室 This is an ideal nursery for maggots, 345 00:34:53,383 --> 00:34:56,968 苍蝇进食时产下大量虫卵 And flies will lay masses of eggs while feeding. 346 00:35:02,134 --> 00:35:04,551 各种甲虫纷至沓来 Beetles of various species abound, 347 00:35:04,561 --> 00:35:08,063 享用尸体最后的馈赠 Feeding on the final pickings that the carcass has to offer. 348 00:35:09,817 --> 00:35:11,900 它们剥开毛发层 They peel away layers of hair 349 00:35:11,977 --> 00:35:14,569 获取皮下结缔组织 To get to the connective tissue beneath. 350 00:35:17,149 --> 00:35:21,451 最终尸体被清理得几乎一干二净 And in time, the carcass is polished all but clean. 351 00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:38,251 狮群的猎杀 The work of the lions 352 00:35:38,262 --> 00:35:41,680 为无数生命提供了 Has provided opportunities to feed for a huge abundance 353 00:35:41,756 --> 00:35:43,181 进食机会 And variety of life, 354 00:35:43,258 --> 00:35:45,142 无论大小 Big and small. 355 00:35:47,271 --> 00:35:49,095 胡狼 秃鹫 Jackals, vultures, 356 00:35:49,106 --> 00:35:51,189 疣猪乃至甲虫 Warthogs and even beetles 357 00:35:51,316 --> 00:35:53,024 皆受其惠 All benefit. 358 00:36:07,782 --> 00:36:10,125 多数生物需争分夺秒 While many have to rush to take advantage 359 00:36:10,202 --> 00:36:13,620 把握狮群与鬣狗创造的机遇 Of the opportunities presented by lions and hyenas, 360 00:36:13,630 --> 00:36:17,048 最声名狼藉的食腐者却需耐心 The world's most infamous scavengers require patience 361 00:36:17,125 --> 00:36:18,550 等待进食 To get a meal. 362 00:36:23,056 --> 00:36:26,558 饥饿的白背秃鹫已等待超24小时 The hungry white-backed vultures have been waiting 363 00:36:26,635 --> 00:36:29,227 期待享用犀牛尸体 For their chance to feed on the rhino carcass 364 00:36:29,313 --> 00:36:31,188 For over a day now. 365 00:36:38,813 --> 00:36:42,240 斑鬣狗单次可进食自身体重三分之一的食物 A spotted hyena can eat a third of its own body weight 366 00:36:42,326 --> 00:36:44,150 In a single sitting - 367 00:36:44,161 --> 00:36:46,319 足以维持一周 Enough to last it a week. 368 00:36:49,333 --> 00:36:51,791 它们并不急于离开 And they aren't in a hurry to leave. 369 00:36:53,161 --> 00:36:57,631 原本饱满的犀牛尸体已大幅缩水 The once bulbous rhino has been dramatically reduced. 370 00:36:58,425 --> 00:37:01,259 被咬穿的髋骨印证着 Its chewed-through hipbone stands as testament 371 00:37:01,428 --> 00:37:05,013 鬣狗惊人的咬合力与臼齿威力 To the incredible jaw strength and crushing premolars 372 00:37:05,090 --> 00:37:06,890 Of the hyenas. 373 00:37:09,186 --> 00:37:11,269 随着剩余肉量减少 With less meat left on the carcass, 374 00:37:11,355 --> 00:37:13,230 竞争愈发激烈 Competition is rife. 375 00:37:28,455 --> 00:37:32,582 首领雌性的逼近使其他成员逃散 The approach of the alpha female sends the others running. 376 00:37:36,630 --> 00:37:40,048 鼓胀的腹部显示它已饱食 Her swollen stomach is a sign she's already full, 377 00:37:40,125 --> 00:37:43,843 但仍竭力吞食更多 But she continues to take as much as she can. 378 00:37:44,638 --> 00:37:46,879 看似多此一举 While this may seem unnecessary, 379 00:37:46,890 --> 00:37:50,133 实为繁殖本能驱使 It's driven by her instinct to reproduce. 380 00:37:52,971 --> 00:37:56,147 进食越多 产奶量越大 The more she eats, the more milk she can produce 381 00:37:56,224 --> 00:37:59,567 怀孕间隔越短 And the shorter she can go between pregnancies. 382 00:38:01,238 --> 00:38:03,321 这使它能成功养育 This results in her successfully raising 383 00:38:03,398 --> 00:38:07,367 比低阶雌性多五倍的幼崽 Up to five times as many pups as lower ranking females. 384 00:38:09,154 --> 00:38:11,830 但哺育后代无人相助 But she'll have no help in feeding her young, 385 00:38:11,906 --> 00:38:13,740 因此必须 So it's imperative for her 386 00:38:13,750 --> 00:38:18,253 把握每次进食机会 That she makes the most of every opportunity to feed. 387 00:38:24,085 --> 00:38:26,845 最终首领雌性 Eventually satisfied, the alpha female 388 00:38:26,921 --> 00:38:29,556 与高阶成员离去 And high-ranking members of the clan leave. 389 00:38:32,185 --> 00:38:35,186 年轻雄性终得机会享用 The young male finally gets his chance to feed 390 00:38:35,263 --> 00:38:37,314 自己发现的猎物 On the kill he found. 261 00:27:23,592 --> 00:27:25,643 但它必须动作迅速 But he must work quickly. 262 00:27:26,687 --> 00:27:28,520 猎物的合法主人 The rightful owner of the carcass 263 00:27:28,597 --> 00:27:30,898 正在召唤狮群 Calls in the rest of the pride. 264 00:27:32,768 --> 00:27:35,653 此刻绝非逞强之时 Now is not the time to be brave. 265 00:27:48,125 --> 00:27:51,043 狮群很快夺回了猎物 Soon enough they've reclaimed the kill. 266 00:27:52,213 --> 00:27:53,587 与鬣狗不同 Unlike hyenas, 267 00:27:53,839 --> 00:27:57,675 成年雄狮在狮群中享有进食优先权 Mature males dominate access to food in the lion pride. 268 00:28:00,137 --> 00:28:02,429 但首领已然饱腹 But the alpha is still full 269 00:28:03,799 --> 00:28:06,642 母狮与亚成年狮子 And there's enough here for the females and adolescents 270 00:28:06,719 --> 00:28:08,477 得以和平分享 To share in peace. 271 00:29:03,859 --> 00:29:07,619 无数掠食者在夜幕掩护下活动 With so many predators operating under the cover of darkness, 272 00:29:07,696 --> 00:29:10,789 黎明时分总现诸多牺牲者 First light reveals many casualties, 273 00:29:10,866 --> 00:29:13,041 与机遇 And opportunities. 274 00:29:17,381 --> 00:29:21,008 夜间 一只年轻南非羚羊被啃食殆尽 In the night, a young blesbok has been devoured. 275 00:29:24,972 --> 00:29:27,389 狮子已将尸体上 The lions have already done a good job 276 00:29:27,466 --> 00:29:29,224 几乎所有可食用部分 Of gleaning from the carcass almost 277 00:29:29,301 --> 00:29:31,310 清理一空 All the available goodness. 278 00:29:36,942 --> 00:29:39,443 但仍有残渣可寻 But there are still scraps to be had. 279 00:29:42,156 --> 00:29:46,408 最出人意料的访客前来探查 And a most unlikely group of visitors arrives to investigate. 280 00:29:49,822 --> 00:29:51,747 疣猪一家 A family of warthogs. 281 00:29:55,661 --> 00:29:57,586 疣猪是唯一适应 Warthogs are the only pigs 282 00:29:57,663 --> 00:30:00,839 草原与草地栖息的猪科动物 Adapted to grazing in savanna or grassland habitats, 283 00:30:01,050 --> 00:30:04,802 几乎完全以草根为生 Subsisting almost entirely on grasses and roots. 284 00:30:05,846 --> 00:30:08,597 但偶尔也会补充 But they'll occasionally supplement this diet 285 00:30:08,674 --> 00:30:10,808 食用动物残骸 With scraps of carrion. 286 00:30:12,177 --> 00:30:15,813 幼崽更多是好奇而非饥饿 The piglets seem more inquisitive than hungry. 287 00:30:20,853 --> 00:30:22,185 很快 And soon enough 288 00:30:22,196 --> 00:30:25,489 它们回归最爱的食物 They return to their favored food. 289 00:30:33,541 --> 00:30:34,948 换作平日 On another day, 290 00:30:35,042 --> 00:30:37,868 这些疣猪可能已成狮群猎物 These warthogs might have fallen prey to the lions. 291 00:30:40,706 --> 00:30:43,373 但今日它们得以体验 But today they get a chance to see life 292 00:30:43,384 --> 00:30:45,843 食腐者的视角 From the scavengers' perspective. 293 00:31:04,822 --> 00:31:08,866 狮子很少在饱食前离开猎物 Lions seldom leave a carcass before they're satisfied, 294 00:31:10,485 --> 00:31:13,653 但草原上还有更小型的掠食者 But there are other, smaller predators on the savanna 295 00:31:13,664 --> 00:31:15,906 如花豹与猎豹 Such as leopards and cheetahs, 296 00:31:15,916 --> 00:31:19,543 受惊时会放弃猎物 Which will occasionally abandon their kill if startled. 297 00:31:24,425 --> 00:31:27,593 这为其他动物创造了更大机遇 This presents even greater opportunity for others, 298 00:31:27,669 --> 00:31:30,429 前提是能赶在鬣狗之前 If they can beat the hyenas to the spoils. 299 00:31:34,676 --> 00:31:36,268 这两只白头秃鹫 These hooded vultures 300 00:31:36,345 --> 00:31:39,354 正享用被花豹猎杀后遗弃的 Are taking full advantage of an impala carcass 301 00:31:39,431 --> 00:31:41,899 黑斑羚尸体 Killed, then abandoned by a leopard. 302 00:31:43,018 --> 00:31:45,268 它们体型小于多数秃鹫 They're smaller than many other vultures, 303 00:31:45,279 --> 00:31:48,697 清晨比其他种类早一小时离巢 And leave their roost around an hour earlier than other species 304 00:31:48,774 --> 00:31:50,449 In the morning. 305 00:31:55,530 --> 00:31:59,416 对它们而言 早起的鸟儿有虫吃 For these two, it's a case of the early bird catches the kill. 306 00:32:01,545 --> 00:32:04,963 白头秃鹫往往最先抵达尸体 Hooded vultures are often the first to arrive at a carcass, 307 00:32:05,174 --> 00:32:09,593 避开与更大型秃鹫的竞争 Avoiding competition with their bigger, more powerful cousins. 308 00:32:11,555 --> 00:32:13,964 它们用尖细的喙 They use their sharp, slender beaks 309 00:32:13,974 --> 00:32:17,684 尽可能多吃猎物 To eat as much as they can from the kill. 310 00:32:18,729 --> 00:32:21,772 每日进食超过半磅食物 Eating over half a pound of food per day. 311 00:32:24,393 --> 00:32:26,985 早起与敏锐视力 Their early start and keen eyesight 312 00:32:27,112 --> 00:32:28,946 终得回报 Has paid off. 313 00:32:32,910 --> 00:32:35,327 但秃鹫并非唯一 But the vultures aren't the only opportunists 314 00:32:35,404 --> 00:32:39,373 伺机赶在鬣狗胡狼前捡漏的投机者 Waiting to beat the hyenas and jackals to unguarded spoils. 315 00:32:54,181 --> 00:32:55,755 来自灌木丛的大军 An army from the undergrowth 316 00:32:55,766 --> 00:32:59,592 迅速占据新鲜水羚尸体 Is quick to take full advantage of a fresh waterbuck carcass. 317 00:33:02,431 --> 00:33:04,856 蜣螂以滚粪球闻名 Dung beetles are famous for their strategy 318 00:33:04,933 --> 00:33:07,442 长途运输粪球 Of rolling balls of dung cross-country 319 00:33:07,519 --> 00:33:09,611 埋藏于地下 To stash safe below ground. 320 00:33:12,366 --> 00:33:15,993 但它们也是最早抵达尸体的生物之一 But they're also one of the first to arrive at a kill. 321 00:33:16,704 --> 00:33:18,111 在此它们充分利用 Where they make the most 322 00:33:18,163 --> 00:33:21,790 水羚未完全消化的胃容物 Of the waterbuck's partially digested stomach contents. 323 00:33:28,132 --> 00:33:30,048 不同体型的多个物种 Multiple species, of different sizes 324 00:33:30,175 --> 00:33:32,884 齐聚开发这份资源 All descend to exploit the resource. 325 00:33:34,629 --> 00:33:37,014 但它们不仅为粪便而来 But they're not just here for dung. 326 00:33:39,810 --> 00:33:41,309 许多甲虫也会食用 Many beetles will also eat 327 00:33:41,386 --> 00:33:43,937 尸体本身的脂肪与肉 The fat and meat of the carcass itself. 328 00:33:46,141 --> 00:33:47,640 如同胡狼 And like the jackal, 329 00:33:47,651 --> 00:33:50,986 有些会将部分藏入地下洞穴 Some will even stash parts in burrows beneath the ground. 330 00:33:55,284 --> 00:33:58,068 蜣螂棒状触角上 The dung beetles' exceptional sense receptors 331 00:33:58,078 --> 00:34:00,070 非凡的感应器 On club-like antennae 332 00:34:00,080 --> 00:34:02,489 使它们常是最早抵达 Mean they're often among the first to arrive 333 00:34:02,499 --> 00:34:04,041 新鲜尸体的生物 On a fresh carcass. 334 00:34:06,411 --> 00:34:07,753 假以时日 Given time, 335 00:34:07,829 --> 00:34:11,164 它们将被大量昆虫包围 They'll be surrounded by an abundance of insect life. 336 00:34:14,002 --> 00:34:17,921 这具角马尸体喂养了小狮群 This wildebeest carcass fed a small pride of lions, 337 00:34:17,931 --> 00:34:20,724 及众多大型食腐动物 As well as numerous large scavengers. 338 00:34:25,013 --> 00:34:26,438 但出人意料 But surprisingly, 339 00:34:26,515 --> 00:34:28,515 正是在这最后阶段 It's at this very late stage 340 00:34:28,525 --> 00:34:31,568 供养了最多样化的生物 That it provides for the biggest variety of life. 341 00:34:34,239 --> 00:34:39,326 仅剩薄皮 毛发与坚韧筋肉 All that's left is a thin layer of skin, hair, and sinewy flesh. 342 00:34:41,038 --> 00:34:42,862 昆虫大军 And an insect army 343 00:34:42,873 --> 00:34:46,166 降临处理最后残渣 Has descended to take care of the very last scraps. 344 00:34:51,039 --> 00:34:53,131 这是蛆虫的理想育婴室 This is an ideal nursery for maggots, 345 00:34:53,383 --> 00:34:56,968 苍蝇进食时产下大量虫卵 And flies will lay masses of eggs while feeding. 346 00:35:02,134 --> 00:35:04,551 各种甲虫纷至沓来 Beetles of various species abound, 347 00:35:04,561 --> 00:35:08,063 享用尸体最后的馈赠 Feeding on the final pickings that the carcass has to offer. 348 00:35:09,817 --> 00:35:11,900 它们剥开毛发层 They peel away layers of hair 349 00:35:11,977 --> 00:35:14,569 获取皮下结缔组织 To get to the connective tissue beneath. 350 00:35:17,149 --> 00:35:21,451 最终尸体被清理得几乎一干二净 And in time, the carcass is polished all but clean. 351 00:35:36,760 --> 00:35:38,251 狮群的猎杀 The work of the lions 352 00:35:38,262 --> 00:35:41,680 为无数生命提供了 Has provided opportunities to feed for a huge abundance 353 00:35:41,756 --> 00:35:43,181 进食机会 And variety of life, 354 00:35:43,258 --> 00:35:45,142 无论大小 Big and small. 355 00:35:47,271 --> 00:35:49,095 胡狼 秃鹫 Jackals, vultures, 356 00:35:49,106 --> 00:35:51,189 疣猪乃至甲虫 Warthogs and even beetles 357 00:35:51,316 --> 00:35:53,024 皆受其惠 All benefit. 358 00:36:07,782 --> 00:36:10,125 多数生物需争分夺秒 While many have to rush to take advantage 359 00:36:10,202 --> 00:36:13,620 把握狮群与鬣狗创造的机遇 Of the opportunities presented by lions and hyenas, 360 00:36:13,630 --> 00:36:17,048 最声名狼藉的食腐者却需耐心 The world's most infamous scavengers require patience 361 00:36:17,125 --> 00:36:18,550 等待进食 To get a meal. 362 00:36:23,056 --> 00:36:26,558 饥饿的白背秃鹫已等待超24小时 The hungry white-backed vultures have been waiting 363 00:36:26,635 --> 00:36:29,227 期待享用犀牛尸体 For their chance to feed on the rhino carcass 364 00:36:29,313 --> 00:36:31,188 For over a day now. 365 00:36:38,813 --> 00:36:42,240 斑鬣狗单次可进食自身体重三分之一的食物 A spotted hyena can eat a third of its own body weight 366 00:36:42,326 --> 00:36:44,150 In a single sitting - 367 00:36:44,161 --> 00:36:46,319 足以维持一周 Enough to last it a week. 368 00:36:49,333 --> 00:36:51,791 它们并不急于离开 And they aren't in a hurry to leave. 369 00:36:53,161 --> 00:36:57,631 原本饱满的犀牛尸体已大幅缩水 The once bulbous rhino has been dramatically reduced. 370 00:36:58,425 --> 00:37:01,259 被咬穿的髋骨印证着 Its chewed-through hipbone stands as testament 371 00:37:01,428 --> 00:37:05,013 鬣狗惊人的咬合力与臼齿威力 To the incredible jaw strength and crushing premolars 372 00:37:05,090 --> 00:37:06,890 Of the hyenas. 373 00:37:09,186 --> 00:37:11,269 随着剩余肉量减少 With less meat left on the carcass, 374 00:37:11,355 --> 00:37:13,230 竞争愈发激烈 Competition is rife. 375 00:37:28,455 --> 00:37:32,582 首领雌性的逼近使其他成员逃散 The approach of the alpha female sends the others running. 376 00:37:36,630 --> 00:37:40,048 鼓胀的腹部显示它已饱食 Her swollen stomach is a sign she's already full, 377 00:37:40,125 --> 00:37:43,843 但仍竭力吞食更多 But she continues to take as much as she can. 378 00:37:44,638 --> 00:37:46,879 看似多此一举 While this may seem unnecessary, 379 00:37:46,890 --> 00:37:50,133 实为繁殖本能驱使 It's driven by her instinct to reproduce. 380 00:37:52,971 --> 00:37:56,147 进食越多 产奶量越大 The more she eats, the more milk she can produce 381 00:37:56,224 --> 00:37:59,567 怀孕间隔越短 And the shorter she can go between pregnancies. 382 00:38:01,238 --> 00:38:03,321 这使它能成功养育 This results in her successfully raising 383 00:38:03,398 --> 00:38:07,367 比低阶雌性多五倍的幼崽 Up to five times as many pups as lower ranking females. 384 00:38:09,154 --> 00:38:11,830 但哺育后代无人相助 But she'll have no help in feeding her young, 385 00:38:11,906 --> 00:38:13,740 因此必须 So it's imperative for her 386 00:38:13,750 --> 00:38:18,253 把握每次进食机会 That she makes the most of every opportunity to feed. 387 00:38:24,085 --> 00:38:26,845 最终首领雌性 Eventually satisfied, the alpha female 388 00:38:26,921 --> 00:38:29,556 与高阶成员离去 And high-ranking members of the clan leave. 389 00:38:32,185 --> 00:38:35,186 年轻雄性终得机会享用 The young male finally gets his chance to feed 390 00:38:35,263 --> 00:38:37,314 自己发现的猎物 On the kill he found. 391 00:38:38,099 --> 00:38:41,318 它毫不迟疑 立即大快朵颐 He doesn't waste any time and dives straight in. 392 00:38:43,355 --> 00:38:45,905 选择更直接的进食方式 Deciding on a more direct approach. 393 00:38:55,208 --> 00:38:57,375 随着最后一只鬣狗离开 But with only one hyena left, 394 00:38:57,452 --> 00:39:00,337 秃鹫们察觉到机会来临 The vultures sense their opportunity. 395 00:39:09,389 --> 00:39:11,798 即使最强悍的食肉动物 Sometimes even the most powerful carnivores 396 00:39:11,808 --> 00:39:13,975 有时也难以抵挡 Buckle under the weight of pressure 397 00:39:14,052 --> 00:39:15,935 众多食腐者的压力 From other scavengers. 398 00:39:35,248 --> 00:39:38,491 但饥饿驱使它重返尸体 But an empty stomach drives him to return - 399 00:39:41,329 --> 00:39:44,714 它还不愿放弃这来之不易的战利品 He's not prepared to give up his prize just yet. 400 00:39:46,927 --> 00:39:49,427 缺乏鬣狗般的利齿 Lacking the slicing teeth of the hyenas, 401 00:39:49,504 --> 00:39:52,639 秃鹫无法刺穿犀牛皮 The vultures can't pierce the rhino's skin. 402 00:39:53,508 --> 00:39:55,016 这意味着年轻雄性 Which means the young male 403 00:39:55,093 --> 00:39:58,353 只需守住尸体被撕开的部位 Only needs to defend the open side of the carcass. 404 00:40:04,861 --> 00:40:08,363 最终它决定适可而止 Eventually he decides enough is enough 405 00:40:08,440 --> 00:40:11,241 秃鹫的饕餮盛宴就此开始 And the frenzy begins. 406 00:40:21,953 --> 00:40:25,288 12磅重的白背秃鹫能在5分钟内 At 12 pounds, the white-backed vultures can gobble 407 00:40:25,298 --> 00:40:29,092 吞下相当于体重五分之一的肉量 A fifth of their weight in meat in less than 5 minutes. 408 00:40:31,546 --> 00:40:33,880 与鬣狗和胡狼不同 Unlike the hyenas and jackals, 409 00:40:33,890 --> 00:40:36,307 秃鹫极少自主捕猎 Vultures seldom hunt for themselves, 410 00:40:36,384 --> 00:40:39,394 主要依赖腐肉为生 Relying mostly on carrion for their food. 411 00:40:41,898 --> 00:40:44,482 这些颈部泛绿的未成年秃鹫 And these typically green-necked immatures 412 00:40:44,651 --> 00:40:46,151 必须快速学会 Will have to learn quickly 413 00:40:46,227 --> 00:40:48,903 在这混乱场面中分得一杯羹 How to get their share in the maelstrom. 414 00:40:50,148 --> 00:40:52,365 但它们需格外小心 But they should take care. 415 00:40:53,234 --> 00:40:55,067 在疯狂进食时 In their frenzied feeding 416 00:40:55,078 --> 00:40:57,495 白背秃鹫偶尔会深陷 White-backed vultures will occasionally get trapped 417 00:40:57,706 --> 00:40:59,914 尸体内部 Deep inside the carcass. 418 00:40:59,991 --> 00:41:01,499 面临被同类 And face the grizzly end 419 00:41:01,668 --> 00:41:05,253 活活吃掉的悲惨结局 Of being eaten alive by their peers. 420 00:41:17,851 --> 00:41:21,344 体型更大的南非秃鹫加入战局 A much larger cape vulture enters the fray, 421 00:41:21,354 --> 00:41:24,347 体重可达20磅 Weighing as much as 20 pounds. 422 00:41:24,357 --> 00:41:27,108 兴奋使它的颈部充血泛红 Its neck is flushed red with excitement. 423 00:41:28,195 --> 00:41:31,529 通常南非秃鹫会压制白背秃鹫 Normally cape vultures would dominate the white-backed, 424 00:41:31,606 --> 00:41:34,365 以体型优势威慑对方 Using their larger size to intimidate them. 425 00:41:34,442 --> 00:41:37,026 但密集的羽毛屏障坚不可摧 But the sea of feathers is impenetrable, 426 00:41:37,037 --> 00:41:38,912 即使对更大体型的秃鹫亦是如此 Even to the bigger birds. 427 00:41:40,448 --> 00:41:44,542 秃鹫群将迅速清理完残骸 Together the vultures will make short work of the carcass. 428 00:41:44,619 --> 00:41:47,962 带走鬣狗留下的所有残渣 Taking whatever the hyenas have left behind. 429 00:42:04,147 --> 00:42:06,481 犀牛残骸被消耗殆尽后 Once the rhino carcass has been exhausted, 430 00:42:06,558 --> 00:42:08,307 许多秃鹫将重启 Many of the vultures will resume 431 00:42:08,318 --> 00:42:12,195 它们屡试不爽的觅食策略 One of their tried and tested food-finding strategies. 432 00:42:13,990 --> 00:42:17,408 跟随草原两大顶级掠食者 Following the savanna's two top carnivores. 433 00:42:26,419 --> 00:42:29,328 凭借偶遇与耐心 Between lucky finds and patience, 434 00:42:29,339 --> 00:42:32,507 它们主要依赖草原霸主 They'll rely largely on the savanna's apex predators 435 00:42:32,584 --> 00:42:34,384 维持生计 To keep them fed. 436 00:42:40,267 --> 00:42:43,601 狮群与鬣狗族群占据着 The lion pride and the hyena clan occupy the top spots 437 00:42:43,678 --> 00:42:45,478 非洲食物链顶端 On Africa's food chain. 438 00:42:52,445 --> 00:42:54,353 为满足自身与族群的生存需求 Motivated by the constant struggle 439 00:42:54,364 --> 00:42:57,991 它们不断奋斗 To secure enough for themselves and their families, 440 00:43:00,361 --> 00:43:02,945 猎杀并撕开 They take down and open up prey 441 00:43:02,956 --> 00:43:05,832 其他掠食者难以应对的大型猎物 Too big for most other predators to tackle. 442 00:43:22,216 --> 00:43:23,641 正因如此 And in so doing, 443 00:43:23,768 --> 00:43:27,303 它们为生命循环中 They provide opportunities for a host of life forms 444 00:43:27,314 --> 00:43:31,608 不那么光鲜的角色创造了生存机遇 Occupying less glamorous positions in the cycle of life. 445 00:44:02,423 --> 00:44:03,931 在非洲草原上 On the African savanna 446 00:44:04,008 --> 00:44:05,350 一些生命的延续 The life of some 447 00:44:05,426 --> 00:44:08,186 依赖于其他生命的消逝 Depends on the death of others. 448 00:44:18,272 --> 00:44:23,660 这个由掠食者推动 依赖猎物维系的循环中 In a cycle driven by predators and dependent on prey, 449 00:44:29,450 --> 00:44:31,367 最重要的角色 None are more important 450 00:44:31,378 --> 00:44:34,212 莫过于两大顶级食肉动物 Than the two most powerful carnivores. 451 00:44:44,132 --> 00:44:46,474 它们猎杀 Bringing down big game 452 00:44:46,551 --> 00:44:48,476 其他动物无法染指的大型猎物 Untouchable by others. 453 00:44:58,405 --> 00:44:59,737 并开启 And opening access 454 00:44:59,864 --> 00:45:03,816 唯有自然演化才能提供的 To resources that only the natural workings of time 455 00:45:03,827 --> 00:45:06,160 资源通道 Can provide. 456 00:45:10,834 --> 00:45:12,583 这些群居动物 These social creatures 457 00:45:12,660 --> 00:45:16,713 为家族兴旺竭尽所能 Do all they can for the betterment of their family. 458 00:45:28,935 --> 00:45:30,426 正因如此 And in so doing, 459 00:45:30,437 --> 00:45:34,272 它们无意间滋养了 They unwittingly provide for an abundance of life 460 00:45:34,348 --> 00:45:38,443 依赖其劳动成果繁衍生息的众多生命 Thriving on the results of their labor.