1 00:00:06,633 --> 00:00:10,400 若你的邻居是只啄木鸟，你一定会知道。 If your neighbor is a woodpecker, you'll know it. 2 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:18,400 啄木鸟天生爱喧闹。 Woodpeckers like to make noise. 3 00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:24,433 这是它们宣示领地与求偶炫耀的方式。 It's how they claim a territory and show off for mates. 4 00:00:24,433 --> 00:00:27,933 但凭借锤状头颅和凿子般的喙， But with heads like hammers and bills like chisels, 5 00:00:27,933 --> 00:00:31,900 它们的本领远不止制造噪音。 they do much more than sound off. 6 00:00:31,900 --> 00:00:34,966 敲击是它们的歌谣…… Drumming is their song... 7 00:00:34,966 --> 00:00:38,666 钻孔是觅食之道…… drilling is how they find food... 8 00:00:38,666 --> 00:00:40,633 而高超的木艺 and highly skilled carpentry 9 00:00:40,633 --> 00:00:44,200 则让它们筑出非凡家园。 is how they craft their remarkable homes. 10 00:00:47,466 --> 00:00:50,933 这些形态各异的树洞， These holes in trees, in many shapes and sizes, 11 00:00:50,933 --> 00:00:55,266 使啄木鸟成为森林生态的关键角色。 make woodpeckers important to everyone in the forest. 12 00:00:57,933 --> 00:01:04,333 它们是建筑师、工程师和完美木匠， They are architects, engineers, and consummate woodworkers, 13 00:01:04,333 --> 00:01:07,400 这就是它们的"洞"天传奇。 and this is their "hole" story. 14 00:02:00,233 --> 00:02:03,733 在森林的晨间交响曲中， Among all the morning voices in a forest, 15 00:02:03,733 --> 00:02:06,833 有一种声音无可误认。 there is one unmistakable sound. 16 00:02:11,166 --> 00:02:13,833 这并非发自喉舌。 It's not made by a voice at all. 17 00:02:16,533 --> 00:02:20,633 那是木制乐器上的刹那击打。 It's a moment of percussion on a wooden instrument. 18 00:02:26,466 --> 00:02:29,800 这是啄木鸟的专属音律。 It's the signature sound of a woodpecker. 19 00:02:42,733 --> 00:02:45,000 啄木鸟从不鸣唱。 Woodpeckers don't sing. 20 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:47,666 它们击鼓传讯。 They drum. 21 00:02:47,666 --> 00:02:50,666 鼓声响彻各类森林， And they drum in every kind of forest, 22 00:02:50,666 --> 00:02:52,966 足迹几乎遍布全球。 almost everywhere in the world. 23 00:03:04,200 --> 00:03:06,433 从北美洲到南美， They're at home in trees throughout North 24 00:03:06,433 --> 00:03:08,966 横跨欧亚至非洲， and South America, 25 00:03:08,966 --> 00:03:12,933 现存共239个物种。 across Europe, Asia, and Africa. 26 00:03:12,933 --> 00:03:16,600 the current count is 239 species in all. 27 00:03:29,400 --> 00:03:33,366 北美黑啄木鸟是木质世界的大师， The Pileated woodpecker is a master of this world of wood 28 00:03:33,366 --> 00:03:36,466 处处彰显非凡。 and striking in every respect. 29 00:03:40,500 --> 00:03:43,766 它是北美体型最大的森林鸟类之一。 He's one of the largest forest birds in North America. 30 00:03:47,533 --> 00:03:51,866 其名源自头顶的鲜红羽冠—— His name comes from the bright red crest across his pileum -- 31 00:03:51,866 --> 00:03:54,833 从喙部延伸到后颈。 the top of his head from beak to nape. 32 00:03:58,166 --> 00:04:00,766 鼓声是它的身份宣言。 He drums to announce himself. 33 00:04:04,666 --> 00:04:09,633 以头撞树看似鲁莽， Banging your head into a tree has always seemed reckless, 34 00:04:09,633 --> 00:04:12,033 啄木鸟却从无脑损伤。 but woodpeckers suffer no brain damage. 35 00:04:17,233 --> 00:04:20,033 其头部与喙如同锤具， His head and bill can act like a hammer 36 00:04:20,033 --> 00:04:22,400 因大脑足够微小可承受 because his brain is small enough to sustain 37 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:25,666 连续冲击而不受伤。 repeated shocks without injury. 38 00:04:28,300 --> 00:04:31,700 但对眼睛它采取了防护措施。 But he does take safety precautions with his eyes. 39 00:04:34,166 --> 00:04:38,633 每次撞击瞬间都有瞬膜闭合保护。 An extra eyelid closes at the moment of every impact. 40 00:04:51,933 --> 00:04:55,333 黑啄木鸟猛烈撞击枯树的 The Pileated slams hard into the decaying wood 41 00:04:55,333 --> 00:04:56,866 腐朽木质。 of a dead tree. 42 00:04:59,266 --> 00:05:02,866 它专注敲击， He pounds with intent, 43 00:05:02,866 --> 00:05:06,533 继而停顿聆听。 then pauses to listen. 44 00:05:06,533 --> 00:05:08,700 这是狩猎时刻！ He's hunting! 45 00:05:14,333 --> 00:05:17,700 它的目标深藏于腐木之中。 His favorite quarry is deep in the rotten wood. 46 00:05:21,100 --> 00:05:23,200 再次钻孔…… He drills again... 47 00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:27,066 再次聆听。 and listens again. 48 00:05:32,100 --> 00:05:35,933 树内的木蚁群陷入恐慌。 Inside the tree, carpenter ants are frantic. 49 00:05:39,266 --> 00:05:42,033 庞大蚁群在此安家， It's a large colony that has made a home 50 00:05:42,033 --> 00:05:45,900 原以为此处绝对安全。 in what must have felt like a very safe place. 51 00:05:51,700 --> 00:05:56,466 它们进驻时树木已濒死， They moved in when the tree was already dead or dying, 52 00:05:56,466 --> 00:05:59,400 内部木质松软腐朽。 its inner layers soft and decaying. 53 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:04,600 它们开凿出纵横通道， They've chewed extensive galleries 54 00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:08,233 在巢室中哺育后代。 with passages and chambers where they are nurturing their young. 55 00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:15,000 此刻，怪物正在逼近。 Now, a monster is looming. 56 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:19,733 48厘米长的恐龙杀手兵临城下！ A 19-inch killer dinosaur is at the door! 57 00:06:24,900 --> 00:06:29,700 它能听见蚁群惊慌逃窜。 He can hear the ants scurrying in panic. 58 00:06:38,766 --> 00:06:41,400 黑啄木鸟加倍发力， The Pileated redoubles his efforts, 59 00:06:41,400 --> 00:06:44,966 用巨喙撕开木质。 using his massive beak to rip into the wood. 60 00:06:53,466 --> 00:06:56,933 凿出巨大的椭圆形开口。 He carves out an enormous oblong opening. 61 00:07:02,766 --> 00:07:06,933 蚁群正展开最强防御。 Inside, the ants are deploying their best defense. 62 00:07:06,933 --> 00:07:12,066 它们释放蚁酸试图阻退捕食者。 They've laid down formic acid to deter their predator's attack. 63 00:07:12,066 --> 00:07:15,200 但啄木鸟似乎免疫…… But the woodpecker seems immune... 64 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:17,266 边舔舐木材边逼近， licking the wood as he gets closer 65 00:07:17,266 --> 00:07:19,900 逐步接近蚁巢…… and closer to the colony... 66 00:07:19,900 --> 00:07:24,400 化学威慑对它毫无效果。 tasting their chemical deterrent with no ill effect. 67 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:41,200 黑啄木鸟终将得胜。 Inevitably, the determined Pileated prevails. 68 00:07:44,733 --> 00:07:46,833 蚁巢被攻破， The ant nest is breached, 69 00:07:46,833 --> 00:07:49,800 啄木鸟开始盛宴。 and the woodpecker begins to feast. 70 00:07:54,433 --> 00:07:57,933 树木无法对它隐藏秘密。 Trees can't hide their secrets from him. 71 00:07:57,933 --> 00:08:03,066 它仿佛能透视树干内部。 It's as if he can see what's happening inside them. 72 00:08:03,066 --> 00:08:05,366 这或许不足为奇。 Perhaps that's no wonder. 73 00:08:05,366 --> 00:08:09,300 树木是它亘古的生存疆域。 Trees have been his world for a very long time. 74 00:08:17,500 --> 00:08:20,566 啄木鸟源自古老谱系， We know that woodpeckers come from an ancient lineage 75 00:08:20,566 --> 00:08:25,566 约2400万年前与其他鸟类分化。 that separated from other birds some 24 million years ago. 76 00:08:27,633 --> 00:08:30,833 它们如此与众不同。 And they are different in so many ways. 77 00:08:36,466 --> 00:08:40,366 啄木鸟与树木共生共栖。 Woodpeckers are all about trees. 78 00:08:40,366 --> 00:08:41,766 纵使翱翔天际时亦然。 Even in the air. 79 00:08:47,933 --> 00:08:52,233 飞行呈波浪式轨迹。 Their flight has an undulating pattern. 80 00:08:52,233 --> 00:08:56,933 振翅数次后收翼滑翔—— A few wingbeats are followed by a tucked in glide -- 81 00:08:56,933 --> 00:09:01,266 这是穿越枝桠的导航方式。 a way of navigating through the branches. 82 00:09:07,266 --> 00:09:09,633 它们不作长途迁徙。 They are not long-distance travelers. 83 00:09:12,900 --> 00:09:16,766 通常只在树丛间穿梭…… They typically fly from tree to tree... 84 00:09:16,766 --> 00:09:20,100 并以垂直姿态降落。 and come in for vertical landings. 85 00:09:29,033 --> 00:09:32,066 凭借巨大锐利的脚爪， With large, impressively clawed feet, 86 00:09:32,066 --> 00:09:34,866 它们在树干上移动如攀岩者 they move across a tree trunk like rock climbers 87 00:09:34,866 --> 00:09:36,700 征服树皮峭壁。 on walls of bark. 88 00:09:44,166 --> 00:09:47,666 甚至能倒立探索。 They can even go exploring upside down. 89 00:09:54,366 --> 00:09:56,866 短腿强健有力， Their short legs are strong and work together 90 00:09:56,866 --> 00:09:59,366 配合特化的硬尾羽 with stiff specialized tail feathers 91 00:09:59,366 --> 00:10:03,366 支撑身体悬附树干。 to support their weight against the tree. 92 00:10:03,366 --> 00:10:04,766 这三足架构提供 This tripod provides 93 00:10:04,766 --> 00:10:07,800 凿木所需的杠杆支撑。 the leverage they need to work the wood. 94 00:10:15,533 --> 00:10:17,866 最初为觅食演化出的技能…… What began as a way to find food... 95 00:10:19,066 --> 00:10:21,233 ……演变为交流方式。 ...developed into a way to communicate. 96 00:10:23,566 --> 00:10:26,800 它们以敲击"对话"。 And so they "talk" to each other by drumming. 97 00:10:30,700 --> 00:10:34,866 每种啄木鸟有独特节奏， Each species taps out its own rhythm, 98 00:10:34,866 --> 00:10:39,100 用以宣告领地…… to stake out a territory... 99 00:10:39,100 --> 00:10:41,466 召唤伴侣。 and call for a mate. 100 00:10:56,633 --> 00:11:01,300 繁殖季来临时，它们深入树干， When nesting season arrives, they carve deep into trees, 101 00:11:01,300 --> 00:11:04,100 凿出家族堡垒。 hollowing out a family stronghold. 102 00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:13,266 树洞是啄木鸟的通用标志。 These holes are the woodpeckers' universal trademark. 103 00:11:13,266 --> 00:11:17,366 无论栖息何处，所有种类的啄木鸟 No matter where they live, every woodpecker of every kind 104 00:11:17,366 --> 00:11:19,766 都以树洞为家。 makes a hole for a home. 105 00:11:23,300 --> 00:11:26,500 这一共性联结整个家族， It's a feature that unites the family, 106 00:11:26,500 --> 00:11:29,800 也使它们成为森林中 and it's what makes them such significant citizens 107 00:11:29,800 --> 00:11:31,633 举足轻重的成员。 of the forest. 108 00:11:47,500 --> 00:11:53,733 波兰斯托沃维国家公园的幽暗森林里， In the dark forests of Poland, in Stolowe National Park, 109 00:11:53,733 --> 00:11:57,666 回荡着野性而神秘的鸣叫。 wild and eerie calls inhabit the woods. 110 00:12:06,266 --> 00:12:11,000 来自一对罕见的黑啄木鸟， They belong to a pair of rarely filmed Black woodpeckers 111 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:13,566 正隔树对鸣。 calling to each other through the trees. 112 00:12:16,300 --> 00:12:18,766 它们体形硕大威仪， They are large, imposing birds, 113 00:12:18,766 --> 00:12:22,200 漆黑羽色中点缀着猩红顶冠。 jet black with a splash of red on their crowns. 114 00:12:32,166 --> 00:12:35,000 这对伴侣以山毛榉为家， These two have made a home in a beech tree 115 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:38,900 在24米高空养育后代。 and are raising a family 80 feet up in the air. 116 00:12:42,933 --> 00:12:47,033 悉心照料仅八日龄的三只雏鸟。 They dote on their three little chicks only eight days old. 117 00:12:49,166 --> 00:12:52,400 巢穴之深令人惊叹。 The nest hole is surprisingly deep. 118 00:12:52,400 --> 00:12:56,233 成鸟凿入树干38厘米， The adults have chiseled down 15 inches into the tree, 119 00:12:56,233 --> 00:12:59,866 精心清理所有碎屑， painstakingly removing all the debris, 120 00:12:59,866 --> 00:13:01,733 仅留一层木屑 except for a layer of wood chips 121 00:13:01,733 --> 00:13:03,700 铺于洞底。 that line the bottom of the hole. 122 00:13:07,233 --> 00:13:09,933 初时幼鸟常酣睡， At first, the little woodies nap a lot, 123 00:13:09,933 --> 00:13:14,133 安卧于黑暗的木质子宫中。 securely tucked away in their dark wooden womb. 124 00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:23,233 很快雏鸟便终日啼叫不休…… But, soon, all the chicks are crying, all of the time... 125 00:13:31,533 --> 00:13:35,600 ……毫不掩饰自身存在。 ...not the least interested in concealing their presence. 126 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:40,033 巢穴高悬近乎无敌。 The nest is so high, it's almost predator proof. 127 00:13:44,266 --> 00:13:47,433 头戴完整红冠的父亲…… Their father, in his full red cap... 128 00:13:52,466 --> 00:13:54,766 ……与红冠较小的母亲…… ...and their mother in her smaller one... 129 00:13:56,766 --> 00:13:59,266 往返运送食物…… ply back and forth with food... 130 00:13:59,266 --> 00:14:02,066 雏鸟日渐茁壮。 while the chicks grow and grow. 131 00:14:08,366 --> 00:14:12,833 六月中旬白昼近17小时， With daylight approaching 17 hours at the height of June, 132 00:14:12,833 --> 00:14:15,300 倦鸟亦不得歇。 there's no rest for the weary. 133 00:14:23,700 --> 00:14:25,766 这片森林已非往昔 Their forest is not the ancient world 134 00:14:25,766 --> 00:14:29,366 黑啄木鸟记忆中的模样。 Black woodpeckers used to know. 135 00:14:29,366 --> 00:14:33,766 多数树木不足百年树龄， Most of these trees are young, less than a century old. 136 00:14:33,766 --> 00:14:37,233 但它们正重占故地， But they're regaining old ground, 137 00:14:37,233 --> 00:14:41,266 啄木鸟是生态复苏的重要推手。 and woodpeckers are an important part of their comeback story. 138 00:14:45,700 --> 00:14:50,133 雌鸟正搜寻最爱的木蚁， The female is searching for her favorite meal -- carpenter ants. 139 00:14:54,133 --> 00:14:58,900 林中随处可见它的杰作。 Her handiwork is easy to find in the forest. 140 00:14:58,900 --> 00:15:01,966 往年旧巢， Her old nest holes from previous years, 141 00:15:01,966 --> 00:15:04,000 甚至冬栖洞穴， even her winter roosting holes, 142 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:07,366 正引其他生灵重返森林。 are bringing other creatures back into this forest. 143 00:15:10,233 --> 00:15:14,600 它为欧亚红松鼠…… She's helping Eurasian Red squirrels... 144 00:15:14,600 --> 00:15:17,166 大山雀…… Great tits... 145 00:15:17,166 --> 00:15:20,400 北方猫头鹰提供巢穴， and Boreal owls find homes here, too, 146 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:22,600 供它们繁育后代。 where they can raise their own young. 147 00:15:28,833 --> 00:15:32,633 它毕生致力于让世界重焕 Her life's work is to make her world more diverse, 148 00:15:32,633 --> 00:15:37,600 往昔的多元与繁盛。 more complex, more like it used to be. 149 00:15:42,933 --> 00:15:44,433 巢穴之中， Back in the nest, 150 00:15:44,433 --> 00:15:47,666 雏鸟已初现啄木鸟形貌。 the chicks are beginning to look like real woodpeckers. 151 00:15:51,333 --> 00:15:54,966 头顶萌生的红羽显示， From the red feathers sprouting on their own little crowns, 152 00:15:54,966 --> 00:15:58,666 这是两雌一雄的组合。 it appears they are two females and one male. 153 00:16:05,866 --> 00:16:09,533 它们的童年转瞬即逝。 Their childhoods are brief. 154 00:16:09,533 --> 00:16:14,000 很快将飞离高空巢穴…… Soon, they will fly from this lofty hole... 155 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:15,766 三只新生黑啄木鸟 and three more Black woodpeckers 156 00:16:15,766 --> 00:16:19,800 将延续重要使命…… will carry on their important work... 157 00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:23,666 让万物重获新生。 making everything new old again. 158 00:16:34,500 --> 00:16:36,166 岁序更迭时， When the year turns 159 00:16:36,166 --> 00:16:38,933 新英格兰森林冰封雪覆…… and the New England woods are cold and snowy... 160 00:16:43,200 --> 00:16:45,933 ……北美黑啄木鸟仍坚守家园。 ...the Pileated remains in his forest. 161 00:16:50,733 --> 00:16:53,966 持续搜寻休眠中的 He continues his search for ants and larvae, 162 00:16:53,966 --> 00:16:57,300 蚁群与幼虫。 even when they've gone dormant and are no longer moving. 163 00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:02,766 枯木是不竭的昆虫仓库， A dead tree is an almost constant source of insects 164 00:17:02,766 --> 00:17:06,766 供它整个冬季开采。 that he can mine all through the winter. 165 00:17:11,366 --> 00:17:13,400 同片森林中， In the very same forest, 166 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:15,200 体型最小的表亲们 among the smallest of his cousins 167 00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:18,000 也在努力越冬。 are also making their way through the season. 168 00:17:20,900 --> 00:17:23,300 绒啄木鸟因保暖的 The diminutive Downy woodpecker is named 169 00:17:23,300 --> 00:17:26,333 柔软白羽得名。 for the soft white feathers that keep them warm. 170 00:17:28,800 --> 00:17:32,666 黑白色羽衣点缀雄鸟红斑， Their black and white suits, with a dash of red for the male, 171 00:17:32,666 --> 00:17:37,266 是黑啄木鸟的迷你版， are a miniature variation of the bold Pileated's, 172 00:17:37,266 --> 00:17:40,533 助其隐入林木。 and offer them a way of blending into the trees. 173 00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:51,000 绒啄木鸟寻觅 Downies search for insects 174 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,500 树皮下越冬的昆虫。 that winter just beneath the bark. 175 00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:01,733 常与山雀混群…… They often join small mixed bands of chickadees... 176 00:18:01,733 --> 00:18:04,100 白胸䴓…… white-breasted nuthatches... 177 00:18:04,100 --> 00:18:05,800 凤头山雀同行。 and tufted titmice. 178 00:18:11,866 --> 00:18:14,766 严寒时数鸟甚至 Several little birds may even roost together overnight 179 00:18:14,766 --> 00:18:17,066 共栖过夜。 if the weather is severe. 180 00:18:26,833 --> 00:18:29,633 但当冬去春来， But as winter thaws and spring arrives, 181 00:18:29,633 --> 00:18:34,500 同袍变对手。 the camaraderie turns to competition. 182 00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:37,500 它们竞逐树洞巢穴， They all want nests in tree cavities, 183 00:18:37,500 --> 00:18:40,700 啄木鸟旧巢尤佳。 and a woodpecker hole would do nicely. 184 00:18:43,766 --> 00:18:47,100 绒啄木鸟是能工巧匠， The little Downies are highly skilled carpenters 185 00:18:47,100 --> 00:18:50,866 每年筑新巢。 and build a new nest every year. 186 00:18:50,866 --> 00:18:55,133 没有小鸟能抗拒现成巢穴的诱惑。 No small bird needing a home can resist a look inside. 187 00:18:57,466 --> 00:19:01,100 山雀能在腐木自凿巢穴， A chickadee can excavate its own nest in rotten wood, 188 00:19:01,100 --> 00:19:05,400 但现成巢穴省力得多。 but a finished Downy nest would be so much easier. 189 00:19:08,133 --> 00:19:11,566 白胸䴓只求简单改造， A white-breasted nuthatch wants a simple renovation, 190 00:19:11,566 --> 00:19:14,366 不必从零开始。 something it doesn't have to build from scratch. 191 00:19:17,433 --> 00:19:20,333 山雀完全不会凿木， A little titmouse can't drill into wood at all. 192 00:19:20,333 --> 00:19:23,800 需要拎包入住的现成巢穴。 It needs an empty nest hole that's move-in ready. 193 00:19:27,466 --> 00:19:32,766 幸运的鹪鹩已占据空巢， A lucky house wren has already laid claim to an empty hole 194 00:19:32,766 --> 00:19:35,533 正衔材布置。 and is bringing in her own nesting materials. 195 00:19:41,266 --> 00:19:46,200 双色树燕家族强占另一处。 And a family of tree swallows has commandeered another. 196 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:49,966 雌鸟用羽毛松枝铺巢。 The female has lined the hole with feathers and pine boughs. 197 00:19:56,500 --> 00:20:00,033 众鸟皆知啄木鸟巢是 All these little birds know a woodpecker hole is 198 00:20:00,033 --> 00:20:04,233 森林最安全的育婴所。 the safest place in the forest to raise their chicks. 199 00:20:17,300 --> 00:20:20,733 当春风吹至缅因州森林， As spring reaches north into the woods of Maine, 200 00:20:20,733 --> 00:20:24,833 红喉蜂鸟携红绿闪光而至， a Ruby-throated hummingbird zings into the scene 201 00:20:24,833 --> 00:20:27,133 with a flash of green and red. 202 00:20:30,766 --> 00:20:34,333 它从中美洲热带远道而来， He's come all the way from the tropics of Central America, 203 00:20:34,333 --> 00:20:37,500 沿途啜饮花蜜。 nectaring on flowers as they bloom along his route. 204 00:20:39,766 --> 00:20:42,533 五月初的北方森林， It's early May, and here in the north woods, 205 00:20:42,533 --> 00:20:45,933 花朵仍稀落。 flowers are still few and far between. 206 00:20:45,933 --> 00:20:51,066 它已逼近体能极限。 He's pushing the limits of his ability to refuel. 207 00:20:51,066 --> 00:20:54,700 但备有妙计。 But he's got a brilliant backup plan. 208 00:20:58,300 --> 00:21:00,766 它精准计算迁徙时间， He's timed his migration to meet the return 209 00:21:00,766 --> 00:21:02,900 只为邂逅特定啄木鸟—— of a particular woodpecker -- 210 00:21:05,933 --> 00:21:08,233 黄腹吸汁啄木鸟。 the Yellow-bellied sapsucker. 211 00:21:11,400 --> 00:21:15,433 吸汁啄木鸟是少数迁徙的啄木鸟， Sapsuckers are one of the few woodpeckers to migrate, 212 00:21:15,433 --> 00:21:20,400 北归恰逢树木苏醒。 coming back to the north just as the trees are waking up. 213 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:24,500 它们年复一年重返同棵树。 They return to the same trees year after year. 214 00:21:24,500 --> 00:21:28,333 桦树是至爱。 Birches are among their favorites. 215 00:21:28,333 --> 00:21:31,233 根据所需树液类型， They tap into different streams of the tree's plumbing 216 00:21:31,233 --> 00:21:33,966 选择不同导管开凿。 according to the type of sap they seek. 217 00:21:36,333 --> 00:21:39,300 早春首凿的深圆孔截取 The first holes in early spring intercept the sap 218 00:21:39,300 --> 00:21:42,166 根部上输的汁液。 coming up from the roots into the wood. 219 00:21:44,366 --> 00:21:48,033 These holes are small, round, and deep. 220 00:21:50,233 --> 00:21:55,533 树液立即涌出伤口， Immediately, sap wells up in the wounds and spills over. 221 00:21:55,533 --> 00:21:57,800 此谓桦树水。 This is called birch water. 222 00:21:57,800 --> 00:22:03,500 稀薄却富含矿物与激素。 It's thin but full of minerals and hormones. 223 00:22:03,500 --> 00:22:07,766 树木自愈封口， The tree works to stem the flow and seal the wound. 224 00:22:07,766 --> 00:22:10,800 鸟儿便左凿 So the birds tap to the left 225 00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:12,933 右啄， and tap to the right, 226 00:22:12,933 --> 00:22:15,033 绕干而行。 moving around the trunk. 227 00:22:18,266 --> 00:22:21,100 春意渐浓时转向 As spring unfolds, sapsuckers switch 228 00:22:21,100 --> 00:22:23,533 输送叶片养分至根的 to a living layer of inner bark 229 00:22:23,533 --> 00:22:25,333 活韧皮层。 that sends all the nutrients made 230 00:22:25,333 --> 00:22:28,500 by the leaves down to the tree's roots. 231 00:22:33,466 --> 00:22:36,800 此液富含蔗糖， This sap is loaded with sucrose, 232 00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:41,133 吸汁鸟难拒甜蜜诱惑。 and sapsuckers can't resist the sugary syrup. 233 00:22:44,100 --> 00:22:47,266 浅凿的方孔连成 These shallow holes are large and square 234 00:22:47,266 --> 00:22:51,866 攀树而上的醒目纹路。 and contribute to a conspicuous pattern that moves up the tree. 235 00:23:02,366 --> 00:23:05,933 吸汁鸟杰作如同灯塔， A well-worked sapsucker tree stands out like a beacon 236 00:23:05,933 --> 00:23:09,666 指引红喉蜂鸟。 to the little Ruby-throated hummingbird. 237 00:23:09,666 --> 00:23:12,733 它欲划为领地， He plans to claim it as his territory, 238 00:23:12,733 --> 00:23:16,800 静待雌鸟归来炫耀。 just in time to impress an arriving female. 239 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:22,633 雌鸟渴盼桦树汁至迫不及待， She's so eager for birch syrup, she can already taste it. 240 00:23:22,633 --> 00:23:23,800 但…… But... 241 00:23:23,800 --> 00:23:26,500 必须排队等候。 she's going to have to wait her turn. 242 00:23:35,133 --> 00:23:37,666 蜂鸟生存如履薄冰， Hummers live so close to the edge, 243 00:23:37,666 --> 00:23:41,733 誓死捍卫每处食源。 they fiercely defend every source of food they have. 244 00:23:41,733 --> 00:23:44,533 即便整棵树！ Even when it's an entire tree! 245 00:24:04,100 --> 00:24:06,666 连先到的雄鸟 Even the little male, who was here first, 246 00:24:06,666 --> 00:24:08,333 也遭驱赶。 is given a hard time. 247 00:24:15,433 --> 00:24:19,500 昆虫亦钟爱甜腻树液。 Insects, too, love the tree's sweet, sticky flow. 248 00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:23,633 然于它们却是死亡陷阱。 But for them, it's a honey trap. 249 00:24:23,633 --> 00:24:26,300 机智的吸汁鸟无需凿木 Ingenious sapsuckers don't need to drill into wood 250 00:24:26,300 --> 00:24:28,266 捕甲虫幼虫。 for beetles and grubs. 251 00:24:28,266 --> 00:24:30,433 树液自会诱捕。 Sap does the catching for them. 252 00:24:37,366 --> 00:24:40,100 沾糖的蜜蜂 And even bees taste better... 253 00:24:40,100 --> 00:24:42,666 更美味。 dipped in sugar. 254 00:24:46,166 --> 00:24:48,500 经年累月后， It may take years, but inevitably, 255 00:24:48,500 --> 00:24:52,700 吸汁鸟孔终将环树。 the sapsuckers' holes gird the birch completely. 256 00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:56,133 叶之养分难达根系， Nutrients from the leaves can no longer reach the roots, 257 00:24:56,133 --> 00:25:00,366 树木终亡。 and the tree finally dies. 258 00:25:00,366 --> 00:25:03,833 然死亡非终点。 But death is not the end of a tree's story. 259 00:25:06,700 --> 00:25:12,133 它将滋养新生灵， Now it becomes food and shelter for a host of new creatures, 260 00:25:12,133 --> 00:25:14,900 尤以角蠼螋为甚—— chief among them the horned passalus, 261 00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:18,933 亦称亮黑甲虫。 also known as the patent-leather beetle. 262 00:25:23,833 --> 00:25:26,500 这种黑色大甲虫在枯木中 This large black beetle finds the perfect home 263 00:25:26,500 --> 00:25:29,100 寻得理想居所， inside dead deciduous trees, 264 00:25:29,100 --> 00:25:32,900 既可抵御天气剧变…… with protection from wild swings in the weather... 265 00:25:32,900 --> 00:25:35,633 又有无尽木质为食。 and with all the wood it can eat. 266 00:25:39,700 --> 00:25:42,133 幼虫亦在此成长， Its larvae will develop here, too, 267 00:25:42,133 --> 00:25:44,566 渐习木质滋味。 gradually gaining a taste for wood. 268 00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:51,533 甲虫赖枯木而生…… The beetles need dead trees to survive... 269 00:25:51,533 --> 00:25:53,533 它们滋养众鸟兽， and beetles help keep the forest system 270 00:25:53,533 --> 00:25:57,033 维系森林生态不息。 humming by nourishing so many birds and mammals. 271 00:26:01,433 --> 00:26:05,033 森林共生体系之中， But the forest has many partners, 272 00:26:05,033 --> 00:26:09,966 最非凡者或属此物。 and the greatest may be these remarkable beings. 273 00:26:09,966 --> 00:26:12,700 真菌。 Fungi. 274 00:26:27,866 --> 00:26:33,266 真菌结"果"承载孢子， Fungi bear "fruit" that carry their seed-like spores. 275 00:26:33,266 --> 00:26:36,333 世人谓之蘑菇。 We know them as mushrooms. 276 00:26:44,733 --> 00:26:47,333 非植非动， Neither plants nor animals, 277 00:26:47,333 --> 00:26:51,000 真菌循环森林养分， fungi recycle all the components of the forest, 278 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:55,033 地下菌丝如生命互联网。 spreading filaments underground in an organic internet. 279 00:27:02,966 --> 00:27:04,666 分解倒木， They break down fallen wood 280 00:27:04,666 --> 00:27:07,633 播撒养分…… and send its nutrients far and wide... 281 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:13,366 ……滋养新生林木。 ...to be reincarnated into living trees. 282 00:27:17,733 --> 00:27:20,000 纵使依然挺立， But while they're still standing, 283 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:24,400 枯木本身即是重要生态架构。 dead trees are essential architecture just as they are. 284 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,900 年复一年，毛啄木鸟 Year after year, a small Hairy woodpecker 285 00:27:35,900 --> 00:27:38,566 在河狸塘畔枯木 makes nest holes in a flooded stand 286 00:27:38,566 --> 00:27:40,533 凿洞为巢。 at the edge of a beaver pond. 287 00:27:45,833 --> 00:27:47,733 留有旧洞的枯树 A dead tree with last year's hole 288 00:27:47,733 --> 00:27:50,433 正是东蓝鸲 is exactly the home Eastern bluebirds 289 00:27:50,433 --> 00:27:53,066 育雏的理想居所。 need to raise their own family. 290 00:28:08,066 --> 00:28:12,000 蓝鸲哺雏时浑然不知 As they feed their chicks, the bluebirds have no idea 291 00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:15,666 森林万物紧密相连。 how deeply connected everything in their forest is. 292 00:28:19,933 --> 00:28:24,466 它们只知巢穴珍贵…… All the bluebirds know is that the nest is precious... 293 00:28:24,466 --> 00:28:28,200 誓死捍卫…… and they fiercely defend it... 294 00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:31,000 即便对筑巢者亦不客气。 even from the little woodpecker who made it. 295 00:28:44,900 --> 00:28:46,733 树木于啄木鸟的价值 The value of trees to woodpeckers 296 00:28:46,733 --> 00:28:49,333 在加州卡梅尔谷 rises to a dramatic crescendo 297 00:28:49,333 --> 00:28:52,266 达到惊人高度。 in central California's Carmel Valley. 298 00:28:56,200 --> 00:28:59,233 故事展开于橡树与金草 It's a story that unfolds across a sweeping savanna 299 00:28:59,233 --> 00:29:02,100 交织的辽阔草原。 of oaks and golden grasses. 300 00:29:05,733 --> 00:29:08,400 这些虬曲老橡树 These gnarled old oaks have stood their ground 301 00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:11,200 已屹立五百载。 for some 500 years. 302 00:29:15,300 --> 00:29:20,533 枝桠缀满花边地衣， Their wide-reaching branches are festooned with lace lichen, 303 00:29:20,533 --> 00:29:23,633 树皮沟壑纵横， and their bark is so thick and corrugated, 304 00:29:23,633 --> 00:29:27,566 数百年来历经沧桑。 they have weathered almost every challenge for centuries. 305 00:29:32,033 --> 00:29:35,433 细察却有惊人发现。 But a closer look reveals something astonishing. 306 00:29:41,233 --> 00:29:45,600 数以万计橡实 Acorns, by the tens of thousands, 307 00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,800 嵌满每道缝隙。 are tattooed into every nook and cranny. 308 00:29:58,133 --> 00:30:01,200 橡实本非如此生长。 Acorns don't grow this way. 309 00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:06,066 有人将每颗钉入树皮。 Someone has hammered each one into the bark. 310 00:30:10,333 --> 00:30:13,666 "有人"实为圆眼小丑脸的 That someone is actually a band of little round-eyed, 311 00:30:13,666 --> 00:30:16,833 橡实啄木鸟群。 clown-faced, Acorn woodpeckers. 312 00:30:25,566 --> 00:30:29,566 它们十余只组成严密家族， They live in highly structured families of a dozen or so, 313 00:30:29,566 --> 00:30:33,000 每族占据约15英亩 each family claiming some 15 acres of oaks 314 00:30:33,000 --> 00:30:34,600 橡林旷野。 and open country. 315 00:30:38,366 --> 00:30:41,166 橡树是至宝。 The trees are their prized possessions. 316 00:30:43,633 --> 00:30:48,233 因每年秋季赐予厚礼。 Because every autumn, they produce a windfall. 317 00:30:56,033 --> 00:31:00,566 万千营养丰富的橡实。 Thousands upon thousands of nutritious acorns. 318 00:31:12,433 --> 00:31:15,533 橡实如啄木鸟的黄金—— The acorns are woodpecker gold -- 319 00:31:15,533 --> 00:31:20,266 富含维生素、矿物质、脂肪与蛋白质。 high in vitamins, minerals, fats, and protein. 320 00:31:20,266 --> 00:31:23,866 收集橡实是它们的执念。 Collecting them is the woodpeckers' obsession. 321 00:31:32,866 --> 00:31:36,166 橡实被运回树上， The acorns are ferried back up to the tree 322 00:31:36,166 --> 00:31:40,266 填入特凿的小洞。 and packed into small holes pecked out for the purpose. 323 00:31:45,833 --> 00:31:50,233 此举化橡实为宝藏—— This turns the acorns into treasure -- 324 00:31:50,233 --> 00:31:53,600 可延续的季节性盛宴。 a seasonal abundance that can be made to last. 325 00:31:56,800 --> 00:32:01,166 食物匮乏时，完好橡实 When other foods are scarce, acorns will be here - 326 00:32:01,166 --> 00:32:04,566 随时可供取食。 safe in their shells and ready to eat. 327 00:32:12,566 --> 00:32:15,700 这是家族的繁荣， This is prosperity for the family, 328 00:32:15,700 --> 00:32:17,966 真正的财富标尺。 a true measure of wealth. 329 00:32:21,566 --> 00:32:25,600 然财富需辛勤维护。 But wealth, it turns out, is a whole lot of work. 330 00:32:33,833 --> 00:32:37,533 随着橡实干缩， Now they constantly test and turn the acorns 331 00:32:37,533 --> 00:32:39,533 它们持续检视调整， as they dry and shrink, 332 00:32:39,533 --> 00:32:43,366 确保每颗紧嵌洞中。 to make sure each one is still snug in its hole. 333 00:32:54,666 --> 00:32:56,800 若孔洞过大…… If the hole seems too big... 334 00:32:59,100 --> 00:33:02,500 ……便另寻合适孔位， ...they look for a better fit, 335 00:33:02,500 --> 00:33:05,333 重新敲紧嵌实。 tapping the acorn back in tight. 336 00:33:09,766 --> 00:33:12,600 这是个充满抉择的过程。 It's a process fraught with difficult decisions. 337 00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:25,366 失手坠落的橡实 And an acorn dropped 338 00:33:25,366 --> 00:33:27,566 可能永失。 could be lost forever. 339 00:33:35,466 --> 00:33:39,733 每只成员都肩负守卫之责。 Every member of the family serves on acorn security duty. 340 00:33:45,166 --> 00:33:49,133 地松鼠胆敢攀树， A ground squirrel boldly climbs the oak 341 00:33:49,133 --> 00:33:53,400 却发现整树皆属啄木鸟。 only to find the entire tree is woodpecker property. 342 00:34:04,166 --> 00:34:07,366 无论毛族羽类， Any outsider, whether furry or feathered, 343 00:34:07,366 --> 00:34:09,333 皆遭速逐。 is swiftly dispatched. 344 00:34:11,433 --> 00:34:14,866 家族最忌同族 What worries the family most are raiding parties 345 00:34:14,866 --> 00:34:18,266 劫掠小队。 of competing Acorn woodpeckers. 346 00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:22,766 整个山谷中， All across the valley, 347 00:34:22,766 --> 00:34:25,866 各族互相盯防， groups keep an eye on each other's holdings, 348 00:34:25,866 --> 00:34:29,566 伺机夺取领地。 waiting for an opening to take them over. 349 00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:40,933 啄木鸟眼线遍布， Woodpecker spies are everywhere, 350 00:34:40,933 --> 00:34:43,200 外人看来千鸟一面， and though they all look alike to us, 351 00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:46,966 守军总能辨出异己。 the home team always knows who doesn't belong. 352 00:35:03,200 --> 00:35:05,500 当橡实啄木鸟固守林木， While Acorn woodies remain tree-bound 353 00:35:05,500 --> 00:35:07,866 忠贞不渝时， and devoted to their oaks, 354 00:35:07,866 --> 00:35:11,700 另些啄木鸟已在旷野 other woodpeckers have found success beyond the woods 355 00:35:11,700 --> 00:35:14,166 开疆拓土。 in open country. 356 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:22,500 美国西部栖息着 Across the American West, there lives a remarkable bird 357 00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:25,600 拓展疆界的奇鸟。 who's expanding woodpecker horizons. 358 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:32,266 它几无啄木鸟形貌。 She barely looks like a woodpecker at all. 359 00:35:32,266 --> 00:35:36,366 羽色独树一帜， Her feather palette is unlike any other in the family. 360 00:35:36,366 --> 00:35:40,800 赤面粉腹， Her face is deep red, her belly bright pink. 361 00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:45,800 银灰颈环别致。 And she sports an interesting collar of silvery-gray. 362 00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:49,766 此乃刘氏啄木鸟，得名于 This is a Lewis's woodpecker, named for the explorer 363 00:35:49,766 --> 00:35:54,533 探险家刘易斯。 Meriwether Lewis of Lewis and Clark fame. 364 00:35:54,533 --> 00:35:57,633 至少其巢穴仍承传统， Her nest, at least, is traditional woodpecker, 365 00:35:57,633 --> 00:36:00,666 深凿三角杨树洞。 a deep hole chiseled out of a large cottonwood. 366 00:36:04,766 --> 00:36:08,400 自此飞至开阔枝头， But from here, she flies out to an open perch 367 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:12,033 扫视觅食。 to scan the landscape for something to eat. 368 00:36:12,033 --> 00:36:14,933 繁殖季节， In nesting season, 369 00:36:14,933 --> 00:36:18,700 草原繁花似锦…… the grasslands are rich in flowers... 370 00:36:18,700 --> 00:36:21,766 ……传粉昆虫云集。 and in the insects that come to pollinate them. 371 00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:27,633 当昆虫离花起飞， As the pollinators rise from their flowers, 372 00:36:27,633 --> 00:36:30,333 刘氏啄木鸟凌空出击。 the Lewis's launches into the air. 373 00:36:32,933 --> 00:36:35,766 此时它非啄木鸟， Instead of a woodpecker, 374 00:36:35,766 --> 00:36:38,900 而化捕蝇者， she becomes a flycatcher, 375 00:36:38,900 --> 00:36:41,266 飞掠擒获猎物。 snapping up her prey on the wing. 376 00:36:47,133 --> 00:36:49,100 此技名为"鹰式捕食"。 It's a technique called "hawking." 377 00:36:51,766 --> 00:36:56,133 实时难辨成败， In real time, it's hard to see if she's successful. 378 00:36:56,133 --> 00:37:00,300 慢镜方显其能。 But slowed down, it's impressive how adept she is. 379 00:37:16,533 --> 00:37:19,333 它往返巢穴不息…… She returns to the nest trip after trip... 380 00:37:22,233 --> 00:37:25,766 ……衔回满嘴营养虫餐。 ...with beakfuls of nutritious bugs for her chicks. 381 00:37:36,700 --> 00:37:40,133 更以醋栗 And tops them off with gooseberries 382 00:37:40,133 --> 00:37:42,600 作甜点！ for dessert! 383 00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:56,866 更有离经叛道者， And then, there are woodpeckers so unorthodox, 384 00:37:56,866 --> 00:38:00,166 全然背离树木。 they've abandoned trees altogether. 385 00:38:03,966 --> 00:38:09,366 亚利桑那图森城外， Just outside of Tucson, Arizona, in the Sonoran Desert, 386 00:38:09,366 --> 00:38:11,266 吉拉啄木鸟 the Gila woodpecker, 387 00:38:11,266 --> 00:38:15,400 背翼纹华美， with its beautifully patterned back and wings, 388 00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:19,400 栖身于唯一类树结构—— is tucked into the only tree-like structure around -- 389 00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:23,266 巨型树形仙人掌。 a giant saguaro cactus. 390 00:38:23,266 --> 00:38:29,533 此等成年仙人掌或已两百岁。 Mature saguaros like these could be 200 years old. 391 00:38:29,533 --> 00:38:35,033 这些啄木鸟洞穴或可追溯至五十年前 The woodpecker holes themselves might date back 50 years. 392 00:38:35,033 --> 00:38:37,200 吉拉啄木鸟世代更迭 Many generations of Gila woodies come 393 00:38:37,200 --> 00:38:40,866 与沙漠守望者共度沧桑 and go in the life of a grand desert sentinel. 394 00:38:46,433 --> 00:38:50,933 仙人掌筑巢需未雨绸缪 Nesting in a cactus takes planning in advance. 395 00:38:50,933 --> 00:38:54,733 在尖刺间凿出巢穴后 After carving out the nest cavity in between the spines, 396 00:38:54,733 --> 00:38:57,733 需静待数月让内部浆液 the Gila must wait several months for the inner pulp 397 00:38:57,733 --> 00:39:01,200 硬化成坚韧革质 to dry into a tough, leathery casing. 398 00:39:04,566 --> 00:39:06,266 待巢穴就绪 With the nest ready to go, 399 00:39:06,266 --> 00:39:09,233 雄鸟为孵卵的伴侣 the male brings an impressive gift to the female, 400 00:39:09,233 --> 00:39:11,233 献上厚礼 who is now sitting on eggs. 401 00:39:13,500 --> 00:39:16,300 雌鸟优雅享用 And she delicately consumes it, 402 00:39:16,300 --> 00:39:20,233 细品蛛腿滋味 one spidery leg at a time. 403 00:39:27,366 --> 00:39:29,366 雏鸟破壳后 Once chicks are in the nest, 404 00:39:29,366 --> 00:39:32,966 双亲齐出觅食 both parents fly out on foraging sorties... 405 00:39:36,100 --> 00:39:38,333 ……振翅滑翔的姿态 ...with the typical flap-flap-glide 406 00:39:38,333 --> 00:39:41,033 与林间如出一辙 that works so well in forests. 407 00:39:55,366 --> 00:40:00,066 虽非树木森林 Though cacti are not trees, and the Sonoran is not a forest, 408 00:40:00,066 --> 00:40:04,500 吉拉啄木鸟仍在此延续种族智慧 the Gilas have found a woodpecker way to thrive here. 409 00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:13,733 而在南半球 Yet thousands of miles to the south, 410 00:40:13,733 --> 00:40:15,300 有种啄木鸟 there's a woodpecker that has left 411 00:40:15,300 --> 00:40:19,100 已彻底告别树木形态 even the semblance of trees far behind. 412 00:40:20,933 --> 00:40:25,066 它栖息在啄木鸟本不该出现之地 It lives where no woodpecker should be at all -- 413 00:40:25,066 --> 00:40:26,800 海拔八千米的 in open Alpine meadows 414 00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:30,500 安第斯山脉高山草甸 8,000 feet up in the Andes of Argentina. 415 00:40:33,333 --> 00:40:36,366 它们开凿的并非树洞 It carves holes here, not in wood, 416 00:40:36,366 --> 00:40:41,266 而是高原溪畔的黏土崖壁 but in clay cliffs and the banks that line high country streams. 417 00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:52,033 此乃安第斯扑翅䴕 This is the Andean flicker. 418 00:40:55,033 --> 00:40:57,833 "扑翅"得名于 He's called a "flicker" because his wings are tinged 419 00:40:57,833 --> 00:41:01,800 阳光下振翅时 with gold and flash and flicker in the sunlight 420 00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:03,733 羽翼流金闪烁 as he takes to the sky. 421 00:41:10,966 --> 00:41:13,666 草原上它们以长喙 Out in the grasslands, flickers make a living 422 00:41:13,666 --> 00:41:16,333 掘土捕虫为生 by using their long woodpecker beaks 423 00:41:16,333 --> 00:41:19,700 to probe for worms and insects in the soil. 424 00:41:22,866 --> 00:41:25,033 雄鸟忠贞不渝 He's very committed to his mate. 425 00:41:27,233 --> 00:41:30,133 伴侣比翼觅食 They like to forage close together, 426 00:41:30,133 --> 00:41:32,800 跳跃行进的模样 hitching across the open terrain like woodpeckers 427 00:41:32,800 --> 00:41:36,033 犹似攀树而上 going up a tree. 428 00:41:43,666 --> 00:41:47,233 鸣声相和以保持联络 They call back and forth to stay in constant contact. 429 00:41:58,933 --> 00:42:02,000 片刻后雄鸟再次呼唤 After a moment, the male checks back in. 430 00:42:05,333 --> 00:42:07,266 这次…… This time... 431 00:42:07,266 --> 00:42:09,266 杳无回音 there's no reply. 432 00:42:28,933 --> 00:42:31,500 它登高复鸣 He seeks higher ground to call again. 433 00:42:35,700 --> 00:42:40,133 无木可击的安第斯扑翅䴕 With no wood to work with, Andean flickers seldom drum. 434 00:42:40,133 --> 00:42:42,633 唯以鸣叫传情 Calling is all he can do. 435 00:42:51,833 --> 00:42:53,833 焦虑时刻过后 With the anxious moment over, 436 00:42:53,833 --> 00:42:57,033 重逢伴侣短暂缠绵 the reunited pair share a brief display... 437 00:43:03,533 --> 00:43:05,933 ……复归觅食 ...and settle down to forage again. 438 00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:14,266 旷野生活使得 Adapting to life in the open 439 00:43:14,266 --> 00:43:16,100 安第斯扑翅䴕 seems to have made Andean flickers 440 00:43:16,100 --> 00:43:19,866 比同类更热衷社交 more eager than other woodpeckers for a social life. 441 00:43:24,333 --> 00:43:27,433 它们集群而居 They even nest in small colonies 442 00:43:27,433 --> 00:43:29,966 十余只比邻 with maybe a dozen birds 443 00:43:29,966 --> 00:43:32,566 同栖一崖 sharing a cliff in close proximity. 444 00:43:35,400 --> 00:43:37,833 也容得下 They also tolerate a small neighbor eager 445 00:43:37,833 --> 00:43:39,933 借巢栖身的小邻居 to use their nest holes, too. 446 00:43:44,166 --> 00:43:45,866 蓝白燕钟爱 Blue-and-white swallows 447 00:43:45,866 --> 00:43:48,766 同片高海拔草原 like the same high-altitude grasslands, 448 00:43:48,766 --> 00:43:50,200 空中觅食的习性 though they forage in the air 449 00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:54,833 与扑翅䴕毫无竞争 and don't compete with the flickers for food. 450 00:43:54,833 --> 00:43:58,000 它们啁啾的絮语 And their busy chatter adds life to the little village 451 00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:01,466 为崖壁村落增添生气 on the cliffs of the flickers' high frontier. 452 00:44:10,400 --> 00:44:14,166 加州橡树林中的社交场面 The social scene is much more intense back in the oak trees 453 00:44:14,166 --> 00:44:15,766 更为热闹 of California. 454 00:44:19,033 --> 00:44:23,100 繁殖季来临 橡实啄木鸟的家族生活 As nesting season comes around, the family life of Acorn woodies 455 00:44:23,100 --> 00:44:25,333 协作更密切 becomes more cooperative, 456 00:44:25,333 --> 00:44:29,633 竞争更激烈 关系更复杂 more competitive, and more complex than ever. 457 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:33,933 每个家族群体中 In every family group, 458 00:44:33,933 --> 00:44:37,500 通常有三到四只繁殖雌鸟... there may be three or four females that breed... 459 00:44:37,500 --> 00:44:40,500 和三到四只繁殖雄鸟 and three or four males that breed, too. 460 00:44:42,666 --> 00:44:45,433 雄鸟特征为白额 The males are distinguished by white foreheads 461 00:44:45,433 --> 00:44:47,400 与鲜红冠羽 and bright red crowns. 462 00:44:50,000 --> 00:44:52,600 雌鸟同样白额 The females also have white foreheads, 463 00:44:52,600 --> 00:44:55,900 但冠羽呈黑红相间 but their crowns are black and red. 464 00:45:00,833 --> 00:45:04,100 繁殖鸟仅在群内交配 These breeding birds all mate with each other, 465 00:45:04,100 --> 00:45:06,800 绝不越界 but never stray outside the group. 466 00:45:09,866 --> 00:45:12,133 其余成员为辅助者 The rest of the family are helpers, 467 00:45:12,133 --> 00:45:15,666 是等待晋升的兄姐 older siblings waiting to move up to breeding status. 468 00:45:25,333 --> 00:45:28,566 雌鸟们会同步繁殖周期 The females manage to sync their breeding 469 00:45:28,566 --> 00:45:33,200 同期产卵 to lay their eggs at the same time. 470 00:45:33,200 --> 00:45:35,233 共用同一巢穴 They all use the same nest 471 00:45:35,233 --> 00:45:38,466 轮流孵化集体卵 and take turns incubating the group's eggs. 472 00:45:41,766 --> 00:45:46,300 夜间护卵则是雄鸟职责 But it's a male's duty to tend the eggs through the night, 473 00:45:46,300 --> 00:45:49,000 无论是否生父 and whether this one's a father or not, 474 00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:52,466 它都会前来接班... he's come to take over... 475 00:45:52,466 --> 00:45:54,966 在黑暗中安顿 and settles down in the dark. 476 00:45:58,966 --> 00:46:01,733 很快全家投入育雏 Soon enough, the family is hard at work. 477 00:46:05,366 --> 00:46:07,333 并非所有卵都能孵化 Not every egg hatches, 478 00:46:07,333 --> 00:46:12,633 但现有三只雏鸟待哺 but the family now has three chicks to raise. 479 00:46:12,633 --> 00:46:15,133 雏鸟浑身光秃眼未睁 The chicks are naked and blind, 480 00:46:15,133 --> 00:46:16,733 但叫声洪亮... but they're loud... 481 00:46:19,533 --> 00:46:23,066 ...成鸟携食归来时反应敏捷 ...and quick to respond when an adult comes with food. 482 00:46:31,033 --> 00:46:35,666 储备充足的橡实此刻大显身手 Now the ready supply of acorns really pays off. 483 00:46:35,666 --> 00:46:39,100 雏鸟以营养橡实糊起步 The chicks can start out on nutritious acorn mash 484 00:46:39,100 --> 00:46:41,033 永无饥馑 and never go hungry. 485 00:46:51,233 --> 00:46:56,033 仅18天就长出深色长羽 In just 18 days, they're sprouting long, dark feathers. 486 00:46:59,700 --> 00:47:02,933 很快显现首批冠羽 Soon, they develop their first crown plumage, 487 00:47:02,933 --> 00:47:05,366 看似皆为雄性 and they all appear to be male. 488 00:47:05,366 --> 00:47:07,600 实则不然 Except...they're not. 489 00:47:10,533 --> 00:47:12,866 所有橡实啄木鸟幼雏 All Acorn chicks wear male plumage 490 00:47:12,866 --> 00:47:15,066 首冬前皆着雄羽 until their first winter. 491 00:47:15,066 --> 00:47:17,700 原因未明 No one knows why. 492 00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:25,800 每次喂食雏鸟都争宠 At every feeding, each chick wants all the attention. 493 00:47:30,666 --> 00:47:32,900 但个个饱食无忧 But they're all getting plenty of food. 494 00:47:36,900 --> 00:47:41,433 群体中每只成鸟——父母 Every adult in the group -- the mothers, the fathers, 495 00:47:41,433 --> 00:47:45,100 叔伯姨姊等帮手—— all the helping aunts, brothers, uncles, and sisters -- 496 00:47:45,100 --> 00:47:48,166 都持续供给食物 is bringing them a constant supply. 497 00:48:06,566 --> 00:48:10,666 唯有一只雌鸟特立独行 But one female has her own agenda. 498 00:48:10,666 --> 00:48:14,166 它未与其他雌鸟同步 Somehow, she's well out of sync with the other females 499 00:48:14,166 --> 00:48:18,233 此时突降巢中产卵—— and drops into the nest now to start laying eggs -- 500 00:48:18,233 --> 00:48:20,500 正值混乱之际！ right in the middle of the mayhem! 501 00:48:24,733 --> 00:48:29,833 雌鸟反复尝试孵化新卵 The female tries over and over to incubate the new eggs, 502 00:48:29,833 --> 00:48:32,133 终是徒劳 but it's no use. 503 00:48:32,133 --> 00:48:34,500 这些卵永无孵化之日 These eggs will never hatch. 504 00:48:37,400 --> 00:48:38,933 但雏鸟在众亲 But the chicks are doing well 505 00:48:38,933 --> 00:48:41,400 呵护下茁壮成长 under all the relentless parenting. 506 00:48:45,733 --> 00:48:48,800 破壳仅三周 It's been just three weeks since they hatched. 507 00:48:48,800 --> 00:48:51,233 成鸟已停止入巢 Now the adults stop entering the nest 508 00:48:51,233 --> 00:48:54,366 鼓励幼鸟攀至洞口 and encourage the youngsters to climb to the hole. 509 00:49:05,466 --> 00:49:07,633 尽管小家伙迫不及待 Though this little woodpecker is so eager 510 00:49:07,633 --> 00:49:10,233 想见识精彩世界 to look out on an exciting world, 511 00:49:10,233 --> 00:49:15,366 却不知山谷将面临何等变迁 he can have no idea what changes are on their way to his valley. 512 00:49:19,533 --> 00:49:23,033 无论准备与否 它已启程 Ready or not, he's launching into it. 513 00:49:34,200 --> 00:49:37,900 每年春天 新一代啄木鸟 Every spring, a new class of young woodpeckers graduates 514 00:49:37,900 --> 00:49:42,166 离巢迎接成长挑战 from their nest holes to take on the challenge of growing up. 515 00:49:47,633 --> 00:49:50,433 它们的能力将经受 Their abilities will surely be tested under the stress 516 00:49:50,433 --> 00:49:54,166 气候变暖与无常天气的考验 of rising temperatures and unpredictable weather. 517 00:49:56,333 --> 00:50:00,100 某些森林将干旱缺水 Some forests will be parched for water. 518 00:50:02,133 --> 00:50:04,400 某些则洪涝成灾 Others will have too much. 519 00:50:10,033 --> 00:50:13,566 树木昆虫已开始迁徙 Already, trees and insects are on the move. 520 00:50:16,800 --> 00:50:18,966 但啄木鸟拥有 But woodpeckers have skills honed 521 00:50:18,966 --> 00:50:22,400 千万年锤炼的生存技能 over many millions of years. 522 00:50:22,400 --> 00:50:25,200 它们绝不会坐以待毙 They will not be caught standing still. 523 00:50:33,766 --> 00:50:36,900 羽色艳丽的红腹啄木鸟 Bright and beautiful Red-bellied woodpeckers 524 00:50:36,900 --> 00:50:42,633 七十年来持续北迁 have been steadily moving north for some 70 years. 525 00:50:42,633 --> 00:50:44,400 历史上它们栖息于 Historically, they were residents 526 00:50:44,400 --> 00:50:46,633 美国东南部 of the American Southeast, 527 00:50:46,633 --> 00:50:49,766 鲜少越过纽约州界 only rarely seen north of the New York border. 528 00:50:56,933 --> 00:51:02,000 至1980年 已在波士顿 But by 1980, Red-bellies were nesting around Boston 529 00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:04,066 与五大湖南部繁殖 and the southern Great Lakes. 530 00:51:09,766 --> 00:51:12,766 二十年后千禧年之际 As the millennium dawned 20 years later, 531 00:51:12,766 --> 00:51:18,533 已进入加拿大 从魁北克至安大略中部 they had crossed into Canada, from Quebec to central Ontario. 532 00:51:27,933 --> 00:51:30,800 如今这些迁徙者 Today, these woodpeckers-on-the-move 533 00:51:30,800 --> 00:51:34,133 持续征服北方 are continuing their conquest of the North, 534 00:51:34,133 --> 00:51:37,500 扩张范围达千英里 a range expansion of a thousand miles. 535 00:51:47,366 --> 00:51:50,400 气候变暖对它们有利... A warming world is a boon to them... 536 00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:52,733 它们已把握良机 and they have seized the moment. 537 00:52:02,633 --> 00:52:04,566 每次变革来临 For every coming change, 538 00:52:04,566 --> 00:52:08,700 总有成败得失 there will be winners and losers. 539 00:52:08,700 --> 00:52:12,233 当全球啄木鸟面对未来时 And as woodpeckers everywhere face the future, 540 00:52:12,233 --> 00:52:15,466 愿其坚韧本性 may their resilience and innovative homes 541 00:52:15,466 --> 00:52:18,500 与创新巢穴助其生生不息 help secure their survival. 542 00:52:57,800 --> 00:53:01,266 欲了解更多《自然》节目内容 To learn more about what you've seen on this "Nature" program, 543 00:53:01,266 --> 00:53:03,200 请访问pbs.org visit pbs.org.