1  
00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:08,642  
从被世界最大海浪冲击的沿海悬崖  
From coastal cliffs battered by the world's biggest waves...  

2  
00:00:08,666 --> 00:00:10,976  
到野马漫步的古老森林……  
to ancient forests where wild horses roam...  

3  
00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:18,942  
葡萄牙拥有多样化的地貌……  
Portugal possesses a vast array of landscapes...  

4  
00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:25,733  
和丰富的生物种群。  
and creatures.  

5  
00:00:26,966 --> 00:00:29,342  
它是自然宝藏的馈赠。  
It's a bounty of natural treasures.  

6  
00:00:33,033 --> 00:00:36,076  
但人类已侵蚀这些荒野  
But we have encroached on these wild places  

7  
00:00:46,433 --> 00:00:49,242  
并威胁着这里的居民。  
and threatened its inhabitants.  

8  
00:00:49,266 --> 00:00:52,033  
有些物种适应了变化，  
While some have adapted,  

9  
00:00:55,833 --> 00:01:01,742  
而另一些则需要保护……  
others need protection...  

10  
00:01:01,766 --> 00:01:06,800  
以确保葡萄牙能保留其野性的一面。  
to ensure Portugal can preserve its wild side.  

11  
00:01:55,400 --> 00:01:57,842  
葡萄牙西海岸，  
Portugal's west coast,  

12  
00:01:57,866 --> 00:02:02,309  
几个世纪以来是勇敢水手启程远征时  
for centuries the last sight of land for brave mariners  

13  
00:02:02,333 --> 00:02:06,600  
所见到的最后一片陆地。  
setting out on epic journeys into the unknown.  

14  
00:02:10,433 --> 00:02:12,942  
这种冒险与探索精神  
Their spirit of adventure and discovery  

15  
00:02:12,966 --> 00:02:17,076  
至今仍定义着葡萄牙——  
continues to define Portugal,  

16  
00:02:17,100 --> 00:02:21,833  
在大陆、周边海域和最偏远的岛屿上。  
on the mainland, in surrounding seas, and on its remotest islands.  

17  
00:02:26,100 --> 00:02:30,309  
对地平线之外世界的好奇  
A fascination with the world that lay beyond the horizon  

18  
00:02:30,333 --> 00:02:34,400  
驱使许多人战胜疑虑与恐惧。  
drove many to conquer their doubts and fears.  

19  
00:02:35,233 --> 00:02:37,576  
在探索新世界的征程中，  
In their quest to discover new worlds,  

20  
00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:42,576  
伟大探险家们直面自然最强大的力量……  
great explorers faced nature's most powerful forces...  

21  
00:02:45,300 --> 00:02:48,776  
……那些常令他们覆没的力量。  
...forces that all too often overwhelmed them.  

22  
00:02:48,800 --> 00:02:51,209  
无数征服梦想  
Many a dream of conquest was dashed  

23  
00:02:51,233 --> 00:02:53,400  
在这些巍峨悬崖前粉碎。  
against these mighty cliffs.  

24  
00:02:56,200 --> 00:03:00,209  
15至16世纪的沉没火炮  
Sunken cannons from the 15th and 16th centuries  

25  
00:03:00,233 --> 00:03:02,042  
见证了开辟新贸易区  
bear witness to failed attempts  

26  
00:03:02,066 --> 00:03:05,676  
与扩大影响力的失败尝试。  
to open new areas of trade and influence.  

27  
00:03:12,066 --> 00:03:15,276  
如今它们已与海床融为一体  
Now they've become one with the seabed  

28  
00:03:15,300 --> 00:03:16,642  
并为尖牙海鳝等生物  
and provide sanctuary  

29  
00:03:16,666 --> 00:03:20,009  
提供庇护所。  
for creatures like the fangtooth moray.  

30  
00:03:40,566 --> 00:03:44,209  
古老沉船在天然礁石稀少处  
Old shipwrecks create new habitats  

31  
00:03:44,233 --> 00:03:47,109  
创造出新的栖息地。  
in places where real reefs are rare.  

32  
00:03:59,500 --> 00:04:02,809  
梭鱼只是这些新领地中  
The barracuda is just one of many colonizers  

33  
00:04:02,833 --> 00:04:05,633  
众多殖民者之一。  
of these new territories.  

34  
00:04:07,666 --> 00:04:10,542  
这艘船有了新船员——  
The ship has a new crew,  

35  
00:04:10,566 --> 00:04:12,976  
它们啃食附着在钢铁船身上  
grazing on the thick layer of algae  

36  
00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:15,009  
的厚实藻类，  
that settles on its steel sides  

37  
00:04:15,033 --> 00:04:18,176  
并在船舱中安家。  
and taking up residence in the cabins.  

38  
00:04:25,766 --> 00:04:29,476  
这条巨型石斑鱼可能在此终老，  
This giant grouper will probably grow old here,  

39  
00:04:29,500 --> 00:04:33,409  
在长达40年的静态航程中  
adapting his coloring and patterning to his surroundings  

40  
00:04:33,433 --> 00:04:36,642  
让体色与纹理融入环境。  
on a 40-year static cruise.  

41  
00:04:46,200 --> 00:04:49,809  
石斑鱼和它的同伴们  
The grouper and his fellows are protected from the currents  

42  
00:04:49,833 --> 00:04:52,433  
不受当年掀翻船只的海流侵扰。  
that once sank these ships.  

43  
00:04:53,466 --> 00:04:55,442  
葡萄牙的大西洋海岸  
Portugal's Atlantic coast  

44  
00:04:55,466 --> 00:04:59,142  
是全球最恶劣的海洋环境之一。  
is one of the roughest marine environments in the world.  

45  
00:05:00,533 --> 00:05:04,242  
一条长达150英里、深达3英里的  
An undersea canyon 150 miles long  

46  
00:05:04,266 --> 00:05:05,909  
海底峡谷  
and three miles deep  

47  
00:05:05,933 --> 00:05:09,542  
直指葡萄牙西海岸。  

runs straight towards Portugal's west coast.  

48  
00:05:09,566 --> 00:05:13,676  
强风与洋流引导汹涌海水，  
Powerful winds and currents channel the surging water,  

49  
00:05:13,700 --> 00:05:15,976  
形成巨浪。  
creating giant waves.  

50  
00:05:25,733 --> 00:05:29,809  
纳扎雷的浪高可达100英尺，  
At Nazaré, they reach up to 100 feet,  

51  
00:05:29,833 --> 00:05:33,409  
成为地球上的最高海浪。  
making them the highest waves on Earth.  

52  
00:05:33,433 --> 00:05:36,376  
全球最优秀勇敢的冲浪者  

The world's best and bravest surfers  

53  
00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:39,100  
前来驾驭这股海洋力量。  
come to ride the ocean forces.  

54  
00:05:40,766 --> 00:05:44,376  
但真正的力量归属毋庸置疑。  
But there is no doubt where the power really lies.  

55  
00:05:44,400 --> 00:05:47,533  
事实上，这毫无悬念。  
In reality, it's no contest.  

56  
00:05:53,900 --> 00:05:57,309  
这片海岸永远诠释着  
This is the coast of a country forever defined  

57  
00:05:57,333 --> 00:06:01,733  
葡萄牙自然栖息地的巨大反差。  
by the vast contrasts of its natural habitats.  

58  
00:06:08,100 --> 00:06:11,609  
葡萄牙仅有一座国家公园，  
Portugal has just one national park,  

59  
00:06:11,633 --> 00:06:16,342  
它似乎总想隐没于雾霭云翳之中。  
and it seems to want to conceal itself in mist and clouds.  

60  
00:06:21,700 --> 00:06:25,109  
当云雾散开时——多在春季——  
When the clouds part, most often in spring,  

61  
00:06:25,133 --> 00:06:29,776  
便展现出佩内达-热雷斯山脉  
they reveal the rugged majesty of the Peneda-Geres mountains  

62  
00:06:29,800 --> 00:06:32,500  
与西班牙接壤的北部边境的壮丽。  
on the northern border with Spain.  

63  
00:06:48,900 --> 00:06:50,609  
这壮观地貌  
This spectacular landscape  

64  
00:06:50,633 --> 00:06:54,642  
是葡萄牙鲜为人知的自然瑰宝之一。  
is one of Portugal's lesser-known natural jewels.  

65  
00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:09,776  
国家公园的明星并非新来者——  
The stars of the national park are no newcomers...  

66  
00:07:09,800 --> 00:07:12,609  
野生加兰诺马。  
Wild Garrano horses.  

67  
00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:26,509  
它们在此群峰间已栖息两万年。  
They have lived among these peaks for 20,000 years.  

68  
00:07:32,700 --> 00:07:35,942  
海拔5000英尺的嶙峋地貌  
The craggy landscape at 5,000 feet  

69  
00:07:35,966 --> 00:07:39,276  
造就了它们矮壮强健的攀爬能力，  
has made them stocky, strong climbers  

70  
00:07:39,300 --> 00:07:43,009  
成为葡萄牙航海者信赖的伙伴。  
and trusted companions for Portuguese seafarers.  

71  
00:07:56,733 --> 00:07:58,709  
体型小巧、步履稳健，  
Small and surefooted,  

72  
00:07:58,733 --> 00:08:01,709  
它们适应海浪上的生活。  
they were suited to life on the ocean waves.  

73  
00:08:01,733 --> 00:08:05,109  
加兰诺马鲜少超过五英尺高。  
Garranos rarely grow to more than five feet tall.  

74  
00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:09,542  
春季是产驹季节，  
Springtime is foaling time,  

75  
00:08:09,566 --> 00:08:12,676  
幼驹们在此相识、  
time for the young to get to know one another,  

76  
00:08:12,700 --> 00:08:17,976  
放松，更重要的是探索边界。  
to relax, and above all, to explore their boundaries.  

77  
00:08:20,366 --> 00:08:24,209  
为躲避夏季风暴，加兰诺马会藏身于  
To escape the summer storms, Garranos seek shelter  

78  
00:08:24,233 --> 00:08:27,942  
葡萄牙最后的原始山地森林之一。  
in one of Portugal's last ancient mountain forests.  

79  
00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:41,542  
纯种加兰诺马仅存数百匹。  
Only a few hundred purebred Garranos remain.  

80  
00:08:47,500 --> 00:08:51,009  
保护并延续这一古老物种  
Protecting and maintaining this ancient species  

81  
00:08:51,033 --> 00:08:56,133  
是国家公园与私人育种者的共同责任。  
is the task of both the national park and private breeders.  

82  
00:08:58,800 --> 00:09:01,776  
但他们也须敬畏自然之力  
But they too must respect the forces of nature  

83  
00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:04,209  
及其固有的无常。  
and its innate transience.  

84  
00:09:16,966 --> 00:09:22,076  
野马偶会成为罕见的热雷斯狼的猎物。  
Wild horses sometimes fall victim to rare Geres wolves.  

85  
00:09:22,100 --> 00:09:24,709  
虽难得一见掠食者踪影，  
Although the predators are rarely seen,  

86  
00:09:24,733 --> 00:09:28,266  
但它们留下的踪迹清晰可辨。  
there's no mistaking the tracks they leave behind.  

87  
00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:32,476  
与狼共存使得加兰诺马  
Living with wolves means the Garranos have never lost  

88  
00:09:32,500 --> 00:09:34,076  
从未丧失逃跑本能。  
their flight instinct.  

89  
00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:37,242  
随时可能重现的雾霭  
The mists that can return at any time  

90  
00:09:37,266 --> 00:09:41,642  
为马群提供了绝佳的隐身庇护。  
offer the horses a welcome cloak of invisibility.  

91  
00:09:49,100 --> 00:09:51,042  
但另一种"马"的隐身能力  
But invisibility isn't helping  

92  
00:09:51,066 --> 00:09:52,676  
却无济于事——  
another kind of horse  

93  
00:09:52,700 --> 00:09:57,342  
它们生活在葡萄牙另一端阿尔加维的  
that lives at the opposite end of Portugal, in the Algarve... 

94  
00:09:57,366 --> 00:09:59,309  
海马。  
The seahorse.  

95  
00:10:07,033 --> 00:10:09,876  
这片近岸浅水区栖息着  
These shallow coastal waters are home  

96  
00:10:09,900 --> 00:10:14,042  
全球最大的海马群落之一。  
to one of the largest seahorse colonies in the world.  

97  
00:10:14,066 --> 00:10:17,009  
它们敏感脆弱，  
They are sensitive and vulnerable,  

98  
00:10:17,033 --> 00:10:19,242  
真正的不幸在于亚洲多地  
and their real misfortune is their status  

99  
00:10:19,266 --> 00:10:22,342  
将其视为吉祥物的地位。  
as good-luck charms in much of Asia.  

100  
00:10:22,366 --> 00:10:25,342  
唯一的保护是浅水下的  
Their only protection are the fields of seagrass  

101  
00:10:25,366 --> 00:10:27,442  
海草场。  
just beneath the surface.  

102  
00:10:27,466 --> 00:10:30,976  
但这些海草也在逐渐消失。  
But they too are gradually disappearing.  

103  
00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:50,209  
在此，海水与沙粒永不停歇地共舞，  
Water and sand engage in a never-ending dance here,  

104  
00:10:50,233 --> 00:10:53,709  
潮起潮落在利亚福莫萨潟湖  
as high and low tides create transitory artworks  

105  
00:10:53,733 --> 00:10:57,266  
与海湾缔造转瞬即逝的艺术。  
in the Ria Formosa's lagoons and bays.  

106  
00:11:00,033 --> 00:11:04,766  
难怪游客流连忘返……  
No surprise that tourists like to linger here...  

107  
00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:15,309  
……却未意识到自己已成威胁。  
...without realizing that they themselves have become a threat.  

108  
00:11:15,333 --> 00:11:18,976  
这座自然保护区未限制旅游业发展。  
This is a nature reserve that doesn't restrict tourism.  

109  
00:11:25,333 --> 00:11:28,109  
每只下锚都进一步破坏  
Every dropped anchor destroys a little more  

110  
00:11:28,133 --> 00:11:31,009  
海马的栖息地。  
of the seahorses' habitat.  

111  
00:11:31,033 --> 00:11:35,776  
它们为生存紧抓"救命稻草"。  
They're left literally clutching at straws for their survival.  

112  
00:11:35,800 --> 00:11:39,376  
失去海草，便无所依附，  
Without seagrass, there's nothing to hold on to,  

113  
00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:41,366  
无处藏身。  
nowhere to hide.  

114  
00:11:43,166 --> 00:11:45,409  
漂流在开阔水域，  
Adrift in open water,  

115  
00:11:45,433 --> 00:11:49,042  
一团无害的海藻都可能致命。  
an innocuous piece of seaweed can be deadly.  

116  
00:11:52,366 --> 00:11:54,176  
即使幸存，  
Even if you survive,  

117  
00:11:54,200 --> 00:11:58,042  
漂散的海草也可能将你卷离家园  
a drifting clump of seagrass can sweep you from home  

118  
00:11:58,066 --> 00:12:00,642  
与伴侣分离。  
and away from your partner.  

119  
00:12:16,100 --> 00:12:21,642  
在阿尔加维，自然彷徨于陆海之间，  
In the Algarve, nature seems poised between land and sea,  

120  
00:12:21,666 --> 00:12:25,609  
既是美的源泉，也充满冲突。  
a source of both beauty and conflict.  

121  
00:12:35,233 --> 00:12:38,876  
人类索取海洋财富的尝试  
Humankind's attempts to extract the riches of the sea  

122  
00:12:38,900 --> 00:12:41,076  
历史悠久。  
have a long history.  

123  
00:12:41,100 --> 00:12:46,133  
盐业采集至今仍以人工为主。  
Salt harvesting is still mostly a manual activity here.  

124  
00:12:55,433 --> 00:12:59,409  
盐池在春秋季之间注满海水。  
Saline pools are flooded between spring and autumn.  

125  
00:12:59,433 --> 00:13:03,509  
盐结晶后，被捞起晾干。  
When the salt crystallizes, it's skimmed off the top and dried.  

126  
00:13:03,533 --> 00:13:07,933  
颗粒越精细，收获越珍贵。  
The finer the grains, the more valuable the harvest.  

127  
00:13:18,933 --> 00:13:23,133  
当地野生动物谨慎对待人类活动。  
The local wildlife treats this activity with discretion.  

128  
00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:25,309  
它们保持警觉，  
They keep their eyes open  

129  
00:13:25,333 --> 00:13:28,976  
随时准备战略性撤退。  
and are always ready for a tactical withdrawal.  

130  
00:13:37,666 --> 00:13:41,842  
所幸自然提供了众多藏身之处  
Fortunately, nature offers plenty of hiding places  

131  
00:13:41,866 --> 00:13:44,076  
与其他消失方式。  
and other ways of disappearing.

132
00:13:47,300 --> 00:13:51,576
地中海变色龙在欧洲仅有小块栖息地
The Mediterranean chameleon has a small foothold in Europe

133
00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:55,200
且毫不希望引起游客注意
and no great desire to draw the attention of tourists.

134
00:13:56,333 --> 00:13:59,876
在这热门旅游区并非易事
That might not be easy in such a popular region,

135
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:01,809
但变色龙是伪装大师
but the chameleon is an expert

136
00:14:01,833 --> 00:14:04,676
能完美融入环境
at blending into its surroundings.

137
00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:08,342
皮肤中的色素细胞随温度
Chromatophore cells in its skin change color,

138
00:14:08,366 --> 00:14:11,209
光线和情绪改变颜色
reacting to temperature, light, and emotion.

139
00:14:11,233 --> 00:14:15,242
可独立转动的眼球能360度侦测危险
And its independently swiveling eyes can spot danger...

140
00:14:15,266 --> 00:14:18,009
或机遇
Or opportunity... In any direction.

141
00:14:25,966 --> 00:14:28,542
万事俱备
Preparation is all.

142
00:14:28,566 --> 00:14:31,909
它不喜近身搏斗
This animal isn't interested in close combat.

143
00:14:31,933 --> 00:14:36,300
关键在于精确计算与猎物的距离
It's all about assessing the distance to the chosen prey.

144
00:14:37,333 --> 00:14:40,942
变色龙的武器是它黏滑弹射的
The chameleon's weapon is its sticky, darting,

145
00:14:40,966 --> 00:14:42,776
弹弓式长舌
slingshot tongue.

146
00:14:49,100 --> 00:14:55,176
精准一击可捕获15英寸外的昆虫
A well-aimed strike can pinion insects up to 15 inches away.

147
00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:11,342
退潮时其他神奇生物开始现身
As the tide goes out, other fascinating creatures emerge.

148
00:15:11,366 --> 00:15:13,933
招潮蟹
Fiddler crabs.

149
00:15:16,166 --> 00:15:19,709
它们栖息在潮间带的沙泥地
They inhabit the sandy and muddy intertidal zones

150
00:15:19,733 --> 00:15:22,233
和近岸水坑
and pools near the shore.

151
00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:28,309
涨潮时它们在地洞中等待
They waited out the flood tide in their underground burrows,

152
00:15:28,333 --> 00:15:31,442
此刻必须争分夺秒
and now there's no time to waste.

153
00:15:31,466 --> 00:15:34,042
它们对食物毫不挑剔
They're not picky where food is concerned,

154
00:15:34,066 --> 00:15:37,509
从沙泥中滤食藻类
filtering algae, worms, and shellfish remains

155
00:15:37,533 --> 00:15:39,676
蠕虫和贝类残骸
from the sand and silt.

156
00:15:39,700 --> 00:15:43,109
雌蟹能用双钳觅食
Females have two claws for searching for food,

157
00:15:43,133 --> 00:15:46,566
雄蟹却只有单钳可用
while the males are limited to just one.

158
00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:56,342
最讨厌被打断
Interruptions are most unwelcome.

159
00:15:56,366 --> 00:15:58,009
时间紧迫
Time is short.

160
00:15:58,033 --> 00:16:01,542
潮水即将回涨
The tide will soon be coming in.

161
00:16:15,966 --> 00:16:19,076
饱餐后该谈情说爱了
After food, it's time to flirt.

162
00:16:19,100 --> 00:16:22,776
雄蟹在空中挥舞大钳
The males wave their big claw in the air.

163
00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:26,542
哪只雌蟹能抗拒这威武的武器
What female could resist that powerful weapon?

164
00:16:26,566 --> 00:16:28,442
雄蟹期盼着
Eventually, the males hope,

165
00:16:28,466 --> 00:16:31,876
终有雌蟹会心动
a female will relent and join them in their burrow

166
00:16:31,900 --> 00:16:35,242
共赴潮汐间隙的幽会
for a little affair between the tides.

167
00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:05,442
旅游旺季时
At the height of the tourist season,

168
00:17:05,466 --> 00:17:08,909
这里的动物难得清净
the animals here are rarely left alone.

169
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:18,642
但持续消失的海草
But the steadily disappearing seagrass

170
00:17:18,666 --> 00:17:22,909
让海马难以寻觅伴侣
makes it difficult for seahorses to find each other.

171
00:17:31,833 --> 00:17:34,342
这很重要
That matters

172
00:17:34,366 --> 00:17:38,409
因为海马伴侣会缔结牢固持久的关系
because seahorse partners form strong, lasting bonds

173
00:17:38,433 --> 00:17:42,842
且在关系中扮演着罕见的平等角色
and play unusually equal roles in the relationship.

174
00:17:49,433 --> 00:17:52,842
由雄海马孕育新生命
The males bring the babies into the world.

175
00:17:52,866 --> 00:17:55,176
它们会携带雌海马的受精卵
They carry the females' fertilized eggs

176
00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:58,200
度过最后12天孕期
for the last 12 days.

177
00:17:58,966 --> 00:18:02,309
200只小海马中仅有20只
Only 20 out of 200 tiny seahorses

178
00:18:02,333 --> 00:18:05,042
能存活过最初几天
will survive the first few days of life.

179
00:18:05,066 --> 00:18:06,742
从出生那刻起
From the moment of their birth,

180
00:18:06,766 --> 00:18:10,742
这些娇弱生灵就只能自生自灭
these delicate creatures are left to their own devices.

181
00:18:10,766 --> 00:18:13,442
阿尔加维的海马在生命每个阶段
The Algarve's seahorses are vulnerable

182
00:18:13,466 --> 00:18:16,276
都脆弱不堪
at every stage of their lives.

183
00:18:33,966 --> 00:18:36,442
自然元素不断塑造
The elements ceaselessly shape

184
00:18:36,466 --> 00:18:39,866
又重塑着葡萄牙的自然世界
and reshape Portugal's natural world...

185
00:18:41,500 --> 00:18:46,509
...如同永不满足作品的雕塑家
...like sculptors, never quite satisfied with their creation.

186
00:19:01,866 --> 00:19:06,976
反差张力让这片土地充满创造力
Contrasts hold this land together in a creative tension.

187
00:19:22,700 --> 00:19:26,876
当炎热干旱在短暂春日稍作退让
When heat and drought relent for a few short spring weeks,

188
00:19:26,900 --> 00:19:29,766
雾霭雨水便接管天地
mist and rain can take over.

189
00:19:39,833 --> 00:19:45,976
沉睡数月的焦土重现生机
Landscapes that lay parched and dormant for months awaken.

190
00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:09,142
当甘露滋润蒙塔杜的干涸大地
When moisture reaches the dry earth of Montado,

191
00:20:09,166 --> 00:20:13,276
顷刻便化作花海
it's soon awash in a sea of flowers.

192
00:20:22,500 --> 00:20:24,576
但云散之时
But the clouds disperse,

193
00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:28,709
烈日便无情炙烤葡萄牙南部
and the merciless sun beats down on southern Portugal,

194
00:20:28,733 --> 00:20:33,476
榨干大地色彩 烘烤每寸土壤
draining color from the land, baking the soil.

195
00:20:40,966 --> 00:20:45,209
热风席卷桉树林
Hot winds whip through the eucalyptus forests.

196
00:20:45,233 --> 00:20:47,009
1940年代
In the 1940s,

197
00:20:47,033 --> 00:20:50,976
独裁者安东尼奥·萨拉查为促进木材贸易
dictator Antonio Salazar planted quick-growing eucalyptus

198
00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:55,176
种植速生桉树...却引发意外后果
to boost the timber trade... With unintended consequences.

199
00:20:55,200 --> 00:20:58,509
其深根会吸干地下水
Their deep roots drew moisture out of the ground,

200
00:20:58,533 --> 00:21:02,276
树木本身还会分泌易燃油脂
and the trees themselves produced flammable oils.

201
00:21:02,300 --> 00:21:07,109
每年夏季葡萄牙都如同点燃的火药桶
Each summer, Portugal's powder keg ignites.

202
00:21:42,700 --> 00:21:47,033
大规模森林火灾常年肆虐
Massive forest fires regularly scar the land.

203
00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:52,642
无人伤亡已算幸年
It's a good year when no humans are injured.

204
00:21:52,666 --> 00:21:57,900
但对自然而言 火本是生命循环的一部分
Though for nature itself, fire is a natural part of life.

205
00:22:14,100 --> 00:22:19,376
这片灰白世界的完全恢复需要时间
Full recovery in this monochrome world can take some time.

206
00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:22,709
几乎所有蚁穴都被夷平
Almost all the anthills have been razed.

207
00:22:22,733 --> 00:22:24,942
地下幸存的蚂蚁
Ants that survived beneath the earth

208
00:22:24,966 --> 00:22:28,500
必须重建家园
must now find ways to rebuild their colonies.

209
00:22:31,633 --> 00:22:37,442
蜈蚣与耐热象甲面临同样挑战
Centipedes and heat-resistant weevils face similar challenges.

210
00:22:37,466 --> 00:22:40,909
大火暂时驱离了捕食它们的
The blaze has briefly banished the birds and the lizards

211
00:22:40,933 --> 00:22:42,376
鸟类与蜥蜴
that hunt them,

212
00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:46,476
给它们时间适应焦土环境
giving them time to navigate the charcoal landscape.

213
00:22:46,500 --> 00:22:49,776
储水苔藓是最早复苏的植物
Moisture-storing moss is the first new vegetation.

214
00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:52,709
如同微缩森林
Like a wild wood in miniature,

215
00:22:52,733 --> 00:22:56,509
为幸存者与新生命
it offers protection and nutrition for survivors

216
00:22:56,533 --> 00:22:58,242
提供庇护与养分
and for new life.

217
00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:23,776
溪流河岸水分充足
On the well-watered banks of brooks and rivers,

218
00:23:23,800 --> 00:23:26,100
幼苗生长最快
the young plants grow fastest.

219
00:23:29,066 --> 00:23:30,342
数周之内
Within a few weeks,

220
00:23:30,366 --> 00:23:33,242
顽强的桉树已开始复苏
the hardy eucalyptus have begun to recover.

221
00:23:33,266 --> 00:23:35,276
这些曾引发地狱之火
The trees that caused the inferno

222
00:23:35,300 --> 00:23:38,242
席卷大片土地的元凶
that tore through large parts of the landscape

223
00:23:38,266 --> 00:23:41,766
却是最早萌发新芽的物种
are among the first to produce new shoots.

224
00:23:43,466 --> 00:23:46,609
唯有一种树面对任何灾难
But one tree seems to meet every natural disaster

225
00:23:46,633 --> 00:23:49,009
都从容不迫
with equanimity.

226
00:23:49,033 --> 00:23:54,409
无论周遭如何 栓皮栎总能存活
Whatever goes on around it, the cork oak survives.

227
00:23:54,433 --> 00:23:57,442
它的树皮防火
Its bark is fireproof.

228
00:24:05,033 --> 00:24:07,009
葡萄牙10%的国土
Ten percent of Portugal's surface

229
00:24:07,033 --> 00:24:09,476
覆盖着栓皮栎林
is covered in cork forests.

230
00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:21,876
单株树龄可达200年
Individual trees live up to 200 years...

231
00:24:21,900 --> 00:24:25,309
若不经采割可活400年
Or 400 if their cork isn't harvested.

232
00:24:25,333 --> 00:24:29,642
每棵栓皮栎可每隔八年
Each oak can shed its cork mantle every eight years,

233
00:24:29,666 --> 00:24:32,709
在树皮干燥的盛夏蜕皮
at the height of summer when the bark has dried out.

234
00:24:32,733 --> 00:24:35,109
软木最终制成多种产品
The cork ends up in many products,

235
00:24:35,133 --> 00:24:38,800
最著名的是葡萄酒瓶塞
most famously at the end of wine bottles.

236
00:24:39,500 --> 00:24:42,276
栓皮栎需生长30年
A cork oak must grow for 30 years

237
00:24:42,300 --> 00:24:45,576
才能首次采割
before its bark can be harvested,

238
00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:50,033
因此软木业需要跨代规划
so cork farming needs planning across the generations.

239
00:24:54,300 --> 00:24:57,142
鹳鸟似乎也深谙此道
Storks seem to do the same,

240
00:24:57,166 --> 00:25:01,033
年复一年定居同棵树
settling on a single tree year after year.

241
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:10,609
专家认为鹳鸟知晓
Experts believe the storks know

242
00:25:10,633 --> 00:25:13,709
软木的防火特性
about cork's fire-resistant qualities.

243
00:25:13,733 --> 00:25:17,276
多户鹳家庭会共享一棵树
Several stork families will share one tree...

244
00:25:17,300 --> 00:25:20,109
在承重范围内尽可能多
As many as the tree will support,

245
00:25:20,133 --> 00:25:23,876
单个鹳巢可达数百磅重
seeing as a single nest can weigh hundreds of pounds.

246
00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:36,376
葡萄牙白鹳显然偏爱独特
Portugal's white storks clearly have a liking for exclusive

247
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:38,709
而另类的巢址
and eccentric homesites.

248
00:25:46,466 --> 00:25:49,966
萨尔当角西海岸
The western coastline of Cabo Sardao.

249
00:25:52,300 --> 00:25:56,009
惊涛拍岸与陡峭悬崖共同构筑
Together, the crashing waves and steep cliffs

250
00:25:56,033 --> 00:26:00,276
抵御各方威胁的铜墙铁壁
create an almost impenetrable protection against any threat

251
00:26:00,300 --> 00:26:02,609
的天然屏障
from any direction.

252
00:26:09,566 --> 00:26:13,342
然而萨尔当角的白鹳
And yet the white storks of Cabo Sardao

253
00:26:13,366 --> 00:26:17,076
却是已知唯一在悬崖筑巢的鹳类
are the only storks known to nest on cliffs.

254
00:26:17,100 --> 00:26:19,976
它们利用险峻地势
They take advantage of the challenging conditions,

255
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:24,042
借助海岸上升气流归巢
allowing the coastal updrafts to carry them to their nests.

256
00:26:32,433 --> 00:26:35,142
鹳鸟是习性动物
Storks are creatures of habit

257
00:26:35,166 --> 00:26:39,309
会长期忠于同一地点
and remain faithful to a single place for long periods.

258
00:26:39,333 --> 00:26:41,709
每年三月从非洲越冬归来时
On their return from African winter quarters

259
00:26:41,733 --> 00:26:43,609
它们便开始修补
at the beginning of March,

260
00:26:43,633 --> 00:26:46,476
被冬季风暴
they start on the repairs to their nests,

261
00:26:46,500 --> 00:26:48,942
摧残的巢穴
ravaged by winter storms.

262
00:26:51,233 --> 00:26:54,376
翻修工程可能耗时良久
Renovations can be time-consuming,

263
00:26:54,400 --> 00:26:57,576
有些鹳鸟偏爱走捷径
and some storks prefer to cut corners.

264
00:26:57,600 --> 00:27:00,209
比起在陆地收集建材
Rather than collect supplies on land,

265
00:27:00,233 --> 00:27:03,376
许多鹳鸟直接盗取
many birds help themselves to building materials

266
00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:06,042
邻居巢穴的材料
from their neighbors' nests.

267
00:27:22,066 --> 00:27:25,276
无论材料是采集还是偷盗
Whether the materials are collected or stolen,

268
00:27:25,300 --> 00:27:28,076
巢穴都能在数日内完工
the nests are completed within a few days.

269
00:27:28,100 --> 00:27:31,776
现在到了关键的重逢时刻
Now it's time for the crucial rendezvous.

270
00:27:35,900 --> 00:27:40,176
鹳鸟是忠诚的伴侣 年复一年
Storks are loyal partners, returning to the same nest

271
00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:43,476
回到同一巢穴与同一配偶身边
and the same mate year after year.

272
00:27:54,033 --> 00:27:57,709
雌鹳会产下2-5枚卵
Female storks lay between two and five eggs

273
00:27:57,733 --> 00:28:02,409
孵化期约一个月
and incubate them for approximately one month.

274
00:28:02,433 --> 00:28:05,877
- 此后巢中生活将变得 - 充满挑战
- Then, life in the nest becomes really - challenging.

275
00:28:08,033 --> 00:28:11,742
独占海景的位置固然壮观
The exclusive sea-view location may be spectacular,

276
00:28:11,766 --> 00:28:13,876
但代价不小
but it comes at a price.

277
00:28:16,633 --> 00:28:19,309
觅食困难
Food is difficult to find,

278
00:28:19,333 --> 00:28:21,709
亲鸟每天需往返多次
and the parents have to make several trips a day

279
00:28:21,733 --> 00:28:24,433
才能喂饱雏鸟
to keep their young satisfied.

280
00:28:32,866 --> 00:28:35,142
沿海废弃的稻田
Abandoned rice paddies near the coast

281
00:28:35,166 --> 00:28:37,309
是首选目的地
are the preferred destination.

282
00:28:37,333 --> 00:28:40,576
这里栖息着蠕虫 甲虫和青蛙
These are home to worms, beetles, and frogs

283
00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:46,633
鹳鸟会整只吞下再带回巢中
the storks swallow whole before carrying them back to the nest.

284
00:28:53,333 --> 00:28:56,142
食物被殷切期盼
The delivery is eagerly awaited.

285
00:29:04,700 --> 00:29:08,166
贪婪的雏鸟永不满足
The greedy chicks are never satisfied...

286
00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:13,266
...辛勤的亲鸟几乎无暇进食
...and little is left over for their hardworking parents.

287
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:28,566
从这里可触及全世界
From here, the world is within reach.

288
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:32,542
也是探索航程
And it's the ideal starting point

289
00:29:32,566 --> 00:29:34,942
的理想起点
for a flight of exploration,

290
00:29:34,966 --> 00:29:38,542
飞向海平线外遥远的葡萄牙领地
to a part of Portugal far beyond the ocean horizon.

291
00:29:54,266 --> 00:29:55,976
马德拉群岛
The Madeira archipelago

292
00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:59,909
距非洲海岸约300英里
is some 300 miles from the African coast.

293
00:29:59,933 --> 00:30:03,976
多数人只知主岛马德拉
Most people only know of the main island, Madeira.

294
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:08,509
南边的德塞塔格兰德岛鲜为人知
Desertas Grande, to the south, is less well known.

295
00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:22,042
这座"大荒漠岛"
The so-called "Great Desert"

296
00:30:22,066 --> 00:30:26,866
如幽灵船般矗立在大西洋中
lies like a ghost ship, surrounded by the Atlantic...

297
00:30:29,900 --> 00:30:34,442
...又似遥远星系的孤独星球
...or like a remote planet in a distant galaxy.

298
00:30:38,333 --> 00:30:41,876
风暴 酷热与暴雨
Storms, searing heat, and heavy rainfall

299
00:30:41,900 --> 00:30:46,266
塑造出类火星地貌
have created a landscape that looks a bit like Mars...

300
00:30:49,266 --> 00:30:53,566
荒凉却迷人
inhospitable and yet attractive.

301
00:30:56,666 --> 00:30:59,376
这座岛已成为地球上
And this island has become a sanctuary

302
00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:03,333
两种极危生物的庇护所
for two of the planet's rarest life-forms.

303
00:31:04,300 --> 00:31:08,776
高地栖息着欧洲最大狼蛛
Its upper elevations are home to Europe's largest wolf spider,

304
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:12,142
足展达5.5英寸
with a span of up to five and a half inches.

305
00:31:12,166 --> 00:31:14,209
而在低处
Far below,

306
00:31:14,233 --> 00:31:16,642
全球最濒危的哺乳动物之一
one of the world's most endangered mammals

307
00:31:16,666 --> 00:31:21,200
正为生存而战...地中海僧海豹
fights for survival... The Mediterranean monk seal.

308
00:31:22,533 --> 00:31:26,976
进化造就了两种截然不同的生物
Evolution has created two vastly different animals.

309
00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:30,642
德塞塔格兰德岛让它们
But Desertas Grande has brought them together as neighbors

310
00:31:30,666 --> 00:31:34,400
在这片神奇保护区成为邻居
in a fascinating, protected environment.

311
00:31:52,533 --> 00:31:55,076
地中海与北非
The Mediterranean and the coastal waters

312
00:31:55,100 --> 00:31:58,209
及西欧沿海曾栖息着
of North Africa and western Europe were once home

313
00:31:58,233 --> 00:32:02,376
数十万只地中海僧海豹
to hundreds of thousands of Mediterranean monk seals.

314
00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:06,042
如今仅存约300只
These days, just 300 or so remain.

315
00:32:06,066 --> 00:32:08,209
数百年的捕猎
Over centuries, they have been hunted

316
00:32:08,233 --> 00:32:10,742
使其濒临灭绝
to the brink of extinction.

317
00:32:10,766 --> 00:32:13,509
一小群海豹受到
A small colony enjoys the protection

318
00:32:13,533 --> 00:32:16,466
德塞塔格兰德保护区的庇护
of the Desertas Grande conservation area.

319
00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:21,909
饱餐后需快速补觉
Mealtimes are followed by a quick power nap.

320
00:32:29,533 --> 00:32:33,142
地中海僧海豹可潜水15分钟
A Mediterranean monk seal can spend up to 15 minutes

321
00:32:33,166 --> 00:32:36,100
才需浮出换气
beneath the surface before it has to come up for air.

322
00:32:37,500 --> 00:32:41,209
几次深呼吸后 海豹再次下潜
After a few deep breaths, the seal dives down again

323
00:32:41,233 --> 00:32:44,876
继续午后小憩
to continue its afternoon siesta.

324
00:33:10,900 --> 00:33:14,142
每年仅科研人员
The only humans to visit Desertas Grande

325
00:33:14,166 --> 00:33:16,733
会造访德塞塔格兰德岛
are the researchers who come once a year.

326
00:33:27,100 --> 00:33:30,742
团队趁涨潮迅速作业
The team works quickly as the tide rises.

327
00:33:32,133 --> 00:33:35,776
在交配季开始前安装
Cameras that can broadcast for 10 months are installed

328
00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:38,400
可连续工作10个月的摄像机
before the start of the mating season

329
00:33:43,900 --> 00:33:47,576
僧海豹向来独来独往
The monk seals have always been independent creatures.

330
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:49,676
对人类合理的恐惧
Their justified fear of humans

331
00:33:49,700 --> 00:33:51,976
使其更加谨慎羞怯
has made them even more shy and careful,

332
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:56,142
如今在海岸难觅踪迹
and they are now rarely seen along beaches or coastlines,

333
00:33:56,166 --> 00:33:59,576
偏爱洞穴的安全
preferring the safety of caves.

334
00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:03,542
摄像机用于观察交配行为
The cameras are there to observe the seals' mating behavior

335
00:34:03,566 --> 00:34:07,109
记录种群增长
and to capture a possible population increase

336
00:34:07,133 --> 00:34:10,976
且绝不干扰研究对象
without in any way disturbing their subjects.

337
00:34:37,633 --> 00:34:41,442
德塞塔狼蛛同样羞怯
The Desertas wolf spiders are equally shy creatures

338
00:34:41,466 --> 00:34:45,509
是这片荒原的无冕之王
and the undisputed kings of this sparse landscape.

339
00:34:45,533 --> 00:34:47,876
此处没有真正天敌
They have no real competition here.

340
00:34:47,900 --> 00:34:51,100
但蜥蜴可不这么想
But try telling that to the lizards.

341
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:56,700
蜥蜴深知保持距离
The lizards know not to get too close.

342
00:34:59,266 --> 00:35:02,442
蜘蛛的八只眼洞察一切
The spiders' eight eyes see everything,

343
00:35:02,466 --> 00:35:06,466
片刻疏忽将招致致命惩罚
and a moment's carelessness can mean a vicious punishment.

344
00:35:07,266 --> 00:35:08,827
这次
That

345
00:35:08,851 --> 00:35:10,433
侥幸脱险
was a narrow escape.

346
00:35:11,100 --> 00:35:13,876
凭借生态位优势
Thanks to their dominance in this habitat,

347
00:35:13,900 --> 00:35:17,742
狼蛛能大量繁殖
the wolf spiders can reproduce in large numbers.

348
00:35:17,766 --> 00:35:20,942
雌蛛携带茧形卵囊
The female wolf spider carries her cocoon-shaped egg

349
00:35:20,966 --> 00:35:23,276
约40天
for around 40 days.

350
00:35:23,300 --> 00:35:27,676
卵内孕育着百余只小蜘蛛
More than 100 small spiders grow within the egg.

351
00:35:27,700 --> 00:35:29,109
孵化后
After they hatch,

352
00:35:29,133 --> 00:35:32,442
它们会在母蛛背上生活数日
they spend a few days riding on their mother's back

353
00:35:32,466 --> 00:35:34,609
最终被抖落
before they are eventually shaken off

354
00:35:34,633 --> 00:35:36,276
自力更生
to fend for themselves.

355
00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:46,576
幸存者壮大着岛上种群
Those that survive strengthen the Desertas Grande population,

356
00:35:46,600 --> 00:35:49,500
现有约5000只
now numbering 5,000.

357
00:35:53,500 --> 00:35:57,776
相比之下仅30只的僧海豹种群
By contrast, the colony of Mediterranean monk seals,

358
00:35:57,800 --> 00:36:00,866
处境岌岌可危
totaling just 30, is under pressure.

359
00:36:02,300 --> 00:36:05,142
保护者面临双重挑战
The challenge facing conservationists...

360
00:36:05,166 --> 00:36:07,976
既要提升保护意识
Raising awareness of the seals' plight

361
00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:11,466
又要确保人类保持距离
while ensuring humans keep their distance.

362
00:36:12,433 --> 00:36:17,342
向西1000英里 欧陆最西端
Farther away, 1,000 miles from the European mainland,

363
00:36:17,366 --> 00:36:22,642
坐落着葡萄牙的亚速尔群岛
lies Portugal's westernmost archipelago, the Azores.

364
00:36:32,166 --> 00:36:34,709
地球现存最大生物
The largest animals that have ever lived

365
00:36:34,733 --> 00:36:37,909
每年南北半球迁徙途中
stop here twice a year on their marathon journeys

366
00:36:37,933 --> 00:36:40,742
会两次经停此处
between the northern and southern hemispheres.

367
00:36:40,766 --> 00:36:44,642
体长百米 重达200吨
One hundred feet long and 200 tons in weight,

368
00:36:44,666 --> 00:36:48,933
它们是真正的海洋温柔巨人
they truly are the gentle giants of the seas.

369
00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:53,442
初夏时分 蓝鲸出没于
In early summer, blue whales can be found

370
00:36:53,466 --> 00:36:56,966
这些火山岛周边水域
in the waters off these volcanic islands.

371
00:36:58,166 --> 00:37:01,576
皮库山海拔约7500英尺
Rising some 7,500 feet,

372
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:05,809
这座休眠火山是葡萄牙最高峰
the dormant volcano Pico is Portugal's highest mountain

373
00:37:05,833 --> 00:37:09,809
也是巨型海底山脊的顶峰
and the peak of a giant submarine ridge,

374
00:37:09,833 --> 00:37:15,042
源自三亿年的火山活动
the result of over 300 million years of volcanic activity.

375
00:37:21,533 --> 00:37:25,742
两亿年前 超级大陆盘古分裂时
Here, three great tectonic plates were torn apart

376
00:37:25,766 --> 00:37:28,076
三大板块在此分离
200 million years ago,

377
00:37:28,100 --> 00:37:31,276
形成欧亚 非洲
when the supercontinent Pangaea split,

378
00:37:31,300 --> 00:37:36,476
与北美大陆
creating Eurasia, Africa, and North America.

379
00:37:36,500 --> 00:37:39,476
受益于墨西哥湾暖流养分
Benefiting from nutrients from the Gulf Stream,

380
00:37:39,500 --> 00:37:43,042
这片海域磷虾鱼类丰富
these waters are rich in krill and fish.

381
00:37:43,066 --> 00:37:46,909
吸引着大胃口的海洋哺乳动物
They attract marine mammals with large appetites.

382
00:37:46,933 --> 00:37:50,676
蓝鲸每日滤食超一吨浮游生物
A blue whale filters more than a ton of plankton from the sea

383
00:37:50,700 --> 00:37:52,142
in a single day.

384
00:37:56,333 --> 00:37:59,476
昔日探险家与航海者
The explorers and seafarers of the past

385
00:37:59,500 --> 00:38:02,309
将亚速尔作为前往海外殖民地
used the Azores as an essential stopover

386
00:38:02,333 --> 00:38:05,242
的重要中转站
on their way to the overseas colonies.

387
00:38:05,266 --> 00:38:09,442
如今这些岛屿为鲸类提供相同服务
The islands serve this purpose for today's cetaceans.

388
00:38:09,466 --> 00:38:13,309
有些如抹香鲸因食物充足
Some, like the sperm whales, stay here all year 'round

389
00:38:13,333 --> 00:38:16,276
全年栖息于此
because of the abundance of food.

390
00:38:35,900 --> 00:38:40,376
数千只海豚组成超级群在此猎食
Thousands of dolphins hunt here in superpods.

391
00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:43,742
在亚速尔群岛海豚巡游之处
Wherever dolphins patrol around the Azores,

392
00:38:43,766 --> 00:38:46,709
总能看到科氏鹱的身影
Cory's shearwaters are never far away.

393
00:38:46,733 --> 00:38:49,233
这是种紧密合作
This is a close cooperation.

394
00:38:50,866 --> 00:38:53,309
沙丁鱼群一旦出现
If a school of sardines appears,

395
00:38:53,333 --> 00:38:57,109
立即会遭遇全方位攻击
the attack immediately begins from every direction.

396
00:38:57,133 --> 00:39:02,009
鱼群形成防御性饵球以求安全
The fish form a defensive bait ball for safety in numbers,

397
00:39:02,033 --> 00:39:03,942
但无情的鹱鸟
but the merciless shearwaters

398
00:39:03,966 --> 00:39:08,133
俯冲夺取属于它们的战利品
dive to capture their share of the prey.

399
00:39:19,700 --> 00:39:22,342
科氏鹱还会被葡萄牙另一座岛屿
The Cory's shearwaters are also drawn

400
00:39:22,366 --> 00:39:27,133
塞尔瓦任格兰德岛吸引
to another Portuguese island... Selvagem Grande.

401
00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:40,442
这座荒岛是葡萄牙最南端
This inhospitable island is Portugal's southernmost point.

402
00:39:47,500 --> 00:39:53,476
岛上几乎每道岩缝都有鹱鸟巢穴
Here, almost every rock crevice contains a shearwater nest.

403
00:39:58,600 --> 00:40:01,042
科氏鹱是鸟类中
Cory's shearwaters are among the birds

404
00:40:01,066 --> 00:40:05,376
最长寿的物种之一 寿命可达50年
with the longest life span, some living up to 50 years.

405
00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:08,842
但多数活不到这个年纪
But many never reach such an advanced age.

406
00:40:08,866 --> 00:40:13,376
有些会在危险捕猎中丧生
Some won't survive the perilous hunting expeditions.

407
00:40:13,400 --> 00:40:18,133
有些则因误食海洋塑料痛苦死亡
Others die in agony from the plastic they swallow at sea.

408
00:40:21,866 --> 00:40:23,676
塞尔瓦任岛还栖息着
Selvagem is also home

409
00:40:23,700 --> 00:40:27,142
上万只马德拉蜥蜴
to thousands of Madeira wall lizards.

410
00:40:27,166 --> 00:40:29,542
它们时刻搜寻食物
They're always on the lookout for food,

411
00:40:29,566 --> 00:40:32,333
尤其营养丰富的未孵化鸟蛋
especially a nutritious unhatched egg.

412
00:40:33,300 --> 00:40:37,200
有时需要团队协作才能成功
Sometimes teamwork is needed to guarantee success.

413
00:40:46,866 --> 00:40:49,709
经过最初试探性接近
After the first, hesitant approaches,

414
00:40:49,733 --> 00:40:52,200
蜥蜴们扑向破碎的鸟蛋
the lizards descend on the broken egg.

415
00:40:59,366 --> 00:41:03,442
很快演变成混战
Before long, it's a free-for-all

416
00:41:03,466 --> 00:41:05,733
弱者被挤到外围
where the weak are left behind.

417
00:41:07,200 --> 00:41:10,033
转眼只剩空壳
Soon only the empty shell remains...

418
00:41:11,766 --> 00:41:14,209
...蜥蜴群继续外出觅食
...and the lizards swarm out on their quest

419
00:41:14,233 --> 00:41:18,642
确保能在葡萄牙南端生存
to ensure their survival in Portugal's southern extremes.

420
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:30,509
对远洋归来的旅人而言
To travelers returning from the high seas,

421
00:41:30,533 --> 00:41:32,509
这座灯塔的出现
the appearance of this lighthouse

422
00:41:32,533 --> 00:41:36,442
远不止意味着陆地
meant far more than just the presence of land.

423
00:41:36,466 --> 00:41:39,809
它标志着回归文明世界
It marked the return to civilization,

424
00:41:39,833 --> 00:41:43,509
欧陆最西端...
the westernmost point of the European continent...

425
00:41:43,533 --> 00:41:46,009
罗卡角
Cabo da Roca.

426
00:41:50,866 --> 00:41:54,709
这里也是通往自然世界的入口
It's also the entrance to a natural world,

427
00:41:54,733 --> 00:41:57,242
虽已被人为改变
much changed by human influence.

428
00:42:01,633 --> 00:42:04,742
马夫拉森林的松树
The pine trees of the Mafra forests

429
00:42:04,766 --> 00:42:07,909
将枝干高耸于灌木丛上
spread their branches high above the undergrowth,

430
00:42:07,933 --> 00:42:12,609
仿佛庇护着下方生灵
as though providing protection for the animals below.

431
00:42:12,633 --> 00:42:14,609
这座自然公园的居民
The inhabitants of this nature park

432
00:42:14,633 --> 00:42:19,209
在欧洲别处或许不起眼
might not draw too much attention elsewhere in Europe,

433
00:42:19,233 --> 00:42:22,509
但在葡萄牙这片童话之境
but in Portugal, this fairy-tale landscape

434
00:42:22,533 --> 00:42:27,942
提供了罕见的野生动物观察机会
offers a rare opportunity to see these animals in the wild.

435
00:42:27,966 --> 00:42:29,876
昔日并非如此
It was not always so.

436
00:42:31,900 --> 00:42:35,676
葡萄牙君主是追求万无一失的猎手
Portugal's monarchs were hunters who left little to chance.

437
00:42:36,766 --> 00:42:38,742
不满足于搭建狩猎掩体
Not content with erecting hides

438
00:42:38,766 --> 00:42:40,642
和观察哨
and blinds for hunting,

439
00:42:40,666 --> 00:42:43,242
他们修筑了葡萄牙最长的围墙
they built the longest wall in Portugal.

440
00:42:46,200 --> 00:42:50,242
这道16英尺高 10英里长的墙
Ten miles long and some 16 feet high,

441
00:42:50,266 --> 00:42:51,576
专为皇室提供
the wall was designed

442
00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:52,842
唾手可得的猎物
to provide the royals

443
00:42:52,866 --> 00:42:54,342
而建
with easy prey.

444
00:43:01,333 --> 00:43:05,576
当年这是场不公平的较量
Then, it was an unequal contest.

445
00:43:05,600 --> 00:43:08,642
如今围墙让人得以窥见
Today the wall provides a peaceful glimpse

446
00:43:08,666 --> 00:43:11,276
森林害羞居民的生活
of the forest's shy inhabitants.

447
00:43:21,133 --> 00:43:24,776
如今较量公平展开
Contests now take place on an equal footing.

448
00:43:28,933 --> 00:43:33,109
包括黇鹿和狍在内的森林居民
The forest inhabitants, including fallow and roe deer,

449
00:43:33,133 --> 00:43:35,066
终于不必躲藏
can now emerge from hiding.

450
00:43:40,066 --> 00:43:43,709
这片4.2万英亩的
The 42,000 acres of former hunting grounds

451
00:43:43,733 --> 00:43:46,609
葡萄牙王室猎场
that once belonged to the kings of Portugal

452
00:43:46,633 --> 00:43:50,409
已成为保护区数十年
have been a conservation area for decades.

453
00:43:50,433 --> 00:43:55,009
野猪如今能安心享受最爱活动...
Wild boars can now safely engage in their favorite pastime...

454
00:43:55,033 --> 00:43:59,509
全力翻找蠕虫和幼虫
energetically rooting for worms and grubs.

455
00:44:22,100 --> 00:44:26,309
秃鹫盘旋在葡萄牙上空
Vultures circle in the skies above Portugal.

456
00:44:26,333 --> 00:44:30,076
许多会跨境到西班牙觅食
Many commute across the border to Spain for food.

457
00:44:30,100 --> 00:44:34,376
那里允许露天放置动物尸体
There, farmers can leave animal carcasses out in the open.

458
00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:36,309
这在葡萄牙是被禁止的
That's forbidden in Portugal.

459
00:44:46,000 --> 00:44:48,009
但当边境这侧出现腐肉
But when a piece of carrion is spotted

460
00:44:48,033 --> 00:44:49,842
on this side of the border,

461
00:44:49,866 --> 00:44:54,342
兀鹫 黑秃鹫和胡兀鹫便蜂拥而至
griffon, black, and bearded vultures descend en masse.

462
00:45:06,133 --> 00:45:09,676
腐肉旁遵循严格等级制度
A strict ranking system applies at the carcass.

463
00:45:09,700 --> 00:45:12,876
这威胁姿态不言自明
This threatening gait leaves no doubt.

464
00:45:12,900 --> 00:45:16,142
这只兀鹫将率先享用
This griffon vulture will be the first to the feast.

465
00:45:18,666 --> 00:45:22,176
这条被蛇咬死的野猪
A wild boar, victim of a snakebite,

466
00:45:22,200 --> 00:45:23,742
是蒙塔杜边境地区秃鹫
is a rare treat for vultures

467
00:45:23,766 --> 00:45:26,366
难得的盛宴
in the Montado border region with Spain.

468
00:45:28,566 --> 00:45:31,066
有些不速之客不请自来
Some turn up without an invitation.

469
00:45:34,366 --> 00:45:37,342
尸体刚被撕开
As soon as the carcass has been torn open,

470
00:45:37,366 --> 00:45:39,633
秃鹫便扑向血肉
the vultures descend on the meat.

471
00:45:42,033 --> 00:45:44,476
狐狸权衡着选择
A fox considers his options.

472
00:45:45,766 --> 00:45:49,376
面对40只饥肠辘辘的秃鹫
Facing 40 ravenous vultures would be foolhardy,

473
00:45:49,400 --> 00:45:51,242
无异于自杀
and possibly suicidal.

474
00:46:03,566 --> 00:46:06,333
但狐狸仍发起正面进攻
But the fox launches a frontal assault.

475
00:46:19,733 --> 00:46:24,466
最终认定饥饿好过送死
And finally decides that hunger is preferable to certain death.

476
00:46:45,366 --> 00:46:46,742
巢中的幼鹫
In their nest,

477
00:46:46,766 --> 00:46:50,376
急切等待亲鸟归来
young vulture chicks eagerly await their parents' return.

478
00:46:55,933 --> 00:46:59,409
它们饥饿难耐 但真正问题是
They are hungry, but the real problem is the heat

479
00:46:59,433 --> 00:47:01,876
烈日将岩石烤成火炉
that turns the rocks into a furnace.

480
00:47:05,733 --> 00:47:08,742
腐肉条固然受欢迎
Small strips of carrion will be welcome,

481
00:47:08,766 --> 00:47:11,942
但幼鹫急需另一种帮助
but the chicks desperately need a different kind of help.

482
00:47:20,900 --> 00:47:23,109
除食物外
Next to food,

483
00:47:23,133 --> 00:47:25,242
阴凉是亲鹫
shade is the greatest gift

484
00:47:25,266 --> 00:47:27,742
能给幼鸟的最好礼物
a vulture parent can offer its young.

485
00:47:49,100 --> 00:47:51,642
在酷暑难耐的夏季
In the unforgiving heat of summer,

486
00:47:51,666 --> 00:47:54,576
葡萄牙的大河迎来高光时刻
Portugal's greatest rivers come into their own.

487
00:47:57,500 --> 00:47:59,809
北部杜罗河与南部特茹河
Both the Douro River in the North

488
00:47:59,833 --> 00:48:04,209
都发源于西班牙
and the Tejo in the South originate in Spain,

489
00:48:04,233 --> 00:48:07,042
却在葡萄牙展现全部壮美
but reach their full glory in Portugal.

490
00:48:14,766 --> 00:48:18,176
这些命脉滋养着国家
These vital arteries nourish the country,

491
00:48:18,200 --> 00:48:21,509
助葡萄牙度过最严重干旱
seeing Portugal through even the severest droughts.

492
00:48:30,933 --> 00:48:33,942
特茹河从源头到入海口
The Tejo flows more than 600 miles

493
00:48:33,966 --> 00:48:36,809
绵延600多英里
from its source to the sea,

494
00:48:36,833 --> 00:48:41,209
是伊比利亚半岛最长河流
making it the longest river on the Iberian Peninsula.

495
00:48:41,233 --> 00:48:42,976
其无比宽阔的三角洲
Its infinitely broad delta

496
00:48:43,000 --> 00:48:45,776
最终在里斯本附近汇入大西洋
finally reaches the Atlantic close to Lisbon.

497
00:48:48,733 --> 00:48:50,909
这片河口是欧洲
This estuary is one of Europe's

498
00:48:50,933 --> 00:48:53,542
最重要的湿地之一
most significant wetland regions,

499
00:48:53,566 --> 00:48:58,109
吸引着往返非洲的候鸟
attracting migratory birds on their way to and from Africa.

500
00:48:58,133 --> 00:49:00,109
更多鸟类选择在此越冬
Many more choose to winter here.

501
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:18,609
这里熙攘忙碌 仿佛全球鸟类
It's bustling and busy here, as if the birds of the world

502
00:49:18,633 --> 00:49:21,142
在模仿人类社会
have chosen to mimic human society.

503
00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:48,576
这是动物版的大众旅游
It's mass tourism, animal-style.

504
00:49:48,600 --> 00:49:50,709
滩涂沼泽吸引着
The mudflats and marshes attract

505
00:49:50,733 --> 00:49:54,809
来自欧洲各地超十万只鸟类
well over 100,000 birds from every part of Europe.

506
00:50:02,833 --> 00:50:05,809
黑尾塍鹬从斯堪的纳维亚
Black-tailed godwits arrive from Scandinavia

507
00:50:05,833 --> 00:50:09,409
和东欧成群飞来
and Eastern Europe in their tens of thousands,

508
00:50:09,433 --> 00:50:11,342
在葡萄牙首都边缘
mounting breathtaking displays

509
00:50:11,366 --> 00:50:13,842
上演壮观景象
on the fringes of the Portuguese capital.

510
00:50:27,400 --> 00:50:29,609
多数火烈鸟来自
Most of the flamingos have made their way

511
00:50:29,633 --> 00:50:32,100
法国南部的卡马格
from the Camargue in Southern France.

512
00:50:34,166 --> 00:50:38,309
随着欧洲气温升高 越来越多火烈鸟
As temperatures in Europe rise, more and more flamingos

513
00:50:38,333 --> 00:50:41,066
不再长途飞往非洲
are foregoing the long-haul flight to Africa.

514
00:50:42,866 --> 00:50:44,409
冬季月份里
Over the winter months,

515
00:50:44,433 --> 00:50:48,142
这里是欧洲最大火烈鸟栖息地
this is the largest flamingo colony on the continent

516
00:50:48,166 --> 00:50:51,642
鸟类在此理想环境中
and here, the birds have the ideal environment

517
00:50:51,666 --> 00:50:55,476
保持其惊艳色彩
to maintain their startling characteristic coloring,

518
00:50:55,500 --> 00:50:57,542
它们的长腿搅动淤泥
as their long legs churn up the mud

519
00:50:57,566 --> 00:51:00,742
觅食藻类 蟹类和甲壳动物
for algae, crabs, and crustaceans.

520
00:51:02,466 --> 00:51:05,342
贝类提供类胡萝卜素
The shellfish supply the carotin pigment

521
00:51:05,366 --> 00:51:08,900
维持其粉喙橙羽
that keeps their bills pink and wings orange.

522
00:51:31,066 --> 00:51:32,809
在特茹河三角洲
In the Tejo delta,

523
00:51:32,833 --> 00:51:34,342
这个与自然元素
the borders of a country

524
00:51:34,366 --> 00:51:36,509
不断抗争的国度
constantly battling the elements

525
00:51:36,533 --> 00:51:38,309
边界持续变迁
shift continuously.

526
00:51:42,633 --> 00:51:47,642
葡萄牙始终是突破边界的国度
Portugal is a country that has always pushed boundaries

527
00:51:47,666 --> 00:51:50,909
数百年来为子民提供着
and has, for centuries, provided its inhabitants

528
00:51:50,933 --> 00:51:55,009
超越地平线的广阔视野
with visions of a wider world beyond their horizons.

529
00:51:58,166 --> 00:52:03,242
这些反嘴鹬可任意选择方向
These thousands of pied avocets can choose any direction

530
00:52:03,266 --> 00:52:07,476
在葡萄牙寻找新的冒险与发现
in their search for new adventures and discoveries

531
00:52:07,500 --> 00:52:09,009
in Portugal,

532
00:52:09,033 --> 00:52:15,409
这片欧洲边缘 海洋尽头
a wild land on the edge of Europe, of the sea,

533
00:52:15,433 --> 00:52:17,609
生命前沿的野性之地
and of life itself.

534
00:52:57,766 --> 00:53:01,209
了解更多《自然》节目内容
To learn more about what you've seen on this "Nature" program,

535
00:53:01,233 --> 00:53:03,209
请访问pbs.org
visit pbs.org.