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澳大利亚——一片拥有多样且极端栖息地的土地  
Australia - a land of diverse and often extreme habitats.  

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从热带雨林  
From tropical forests  

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到崎岖山脉  
to rugged mountains  

4  
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再到碧海环绕的沙滩  
to beaches fringed with turquoise seas.  

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广袤的土地  
Its vast expanses  

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孕育了极其丰富的鸟类  
have produced an immense array of birdlife.  

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其中许多是澳大利亚独有的物种  
And many species found nowhere else in the world.  

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这里最凶猛的掠食者中  
Some of the fiercest predators here  

9  
00:00:46,167 --> 00:00:48,533  
就有澳大利亚的猛禽  
are Australia's birds of prey.  

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这些高度特化的杀手  
These highly specialized killers  

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强大  
are powerful,  

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机智且引人注目  
resourceful and striking.  

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它们使用令人惊叹的武器...  
And they use some impressive weapons...  

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以求生存  
to survive.  

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这是澳大利亚空中猎手的故事  
This is the story of Australia's aerial hunters.  

16  
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要领略这个全球第六大国家的风采...  
One of the best ways to see the sixth largest country in the world...  

17  
00:01:34,700 --> 00:01:36,767  
...最好的方式是从空中俯瞰  
..is from the air.  

18  
00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:43,467  
这片广袤土地是一个大陆  
This immense land is a continent.  

19  
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否则它将被视为世界上最大的岛屿  
Otherwise it would be considered the world's largest island.  

20  
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但这里人口相对稀少，仅有不到2400万  
But it has a relatively small population of just under 24 million.  

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其大片的无人区  
Its vast tracts of uninhabited land  

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是绝佳的开放猎场...  
are the perfect open hunting grounds...  

23  
00:02:04,633 --> 00:02:06,700  
...尤其适合猛禽  
..for birds of prey.  

24  
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这是个绝佳的观察点  
This is a pretty good vantage point  

25  
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可以搜寻午餐  
to search for some lunch.  

26  
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猛禽是以脊椎动物为猎物的鸟类  
Raptors are birds that hunt vertebrates.  

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每只猛禽都披着黑、灰、白和棕色的羽毛  
Each one is covered in feathers of blacks, grays, whites and browns,  

28  
00:02:36,667 --> 00:02:38,733  
这是自然的伪装色  
nature's colors of camouflage.  

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有些在白天捕猎  
Some hunt during the day,  

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比如隼、鹰和鱼鹰  
like falcons, eagles and ospreys.  

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其他如猫头鹰则在夜间活动  
Others, like the owls, during the night.  

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首先，它们敏锐的视力  
First, their acute vision  

33  
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能察觉猎物最细微的动作  
detects even the slightest movement from their prey.  

34  
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接着，以惊人的空中特技  
Then, with astonishing displays of aerial acrobatics,  

35  
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它们锁定目标  
they home in on their target.  

36  
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最后用利爪击倒猎物  
Finally, they use their feet to strike down their victim  

37  
00:03:22,100 --> 00:03:23,733  
再通过挤压  
and then crush,  

38  
00:03:23,767 --> 00:03:26,500  
刺穿或撕咬使其毙命  
stab or bite it to death.  

39  
00:03:39,233 --> 00:03:43,033  
但在生存竞争中，每种猛禽  
But in the fight to survive, each species of bird of prey  

40  
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都演化出独特的捕猎方式...  
is adapted to hunt in its own individual way...  

41  
00:03:48,567 --> 00:03:51,133  
...从该国最小的  
..from the smallest in the country,  

42  
00:03:51,167 --> 00:03:53,167  
澳大利亚红隼  
the Australian kestrel,  

43  
00:03:55,233 --> 00:03:58,167  
到最大的楔尾鹰  
to the largest, the wedge-tailed eagle.  

44  
00:04:16,433 --> 00:04:20,533  
猛禽的踪迹几乎遍布澳大利亚全境  
Birds of prey roam over almost every part of the country.  

45  
00:04:22,567 --> 00:04:26,400  
它们是食物链顶端的强大掠食者  
They are powerful predators at the top of the food chain.  

46  
00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:33,633  
对维持澳大利亚野生动物的生态健康至关重要  
And they have a crucial role in maintaining the health of Australia's wildlife.  

47  
00:04:35,367 --> 00:04:38,200  
它们的存在通过控制食物链下游数量  
Their presence keeps the whole system in balance  

48  
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维持着整个生态系统的平衡  
by controlling numbers further down the food chain.  

49  
00:04:46,067 --> 00:04:50,300  
有些猛禽会沿着河流湖泊长途觅食  
Some journey in search of food across the country's rivers and lakes.  

50  
00:04:52,233 --> 00:04:56,300  
有些则藏身高大森林中伏击猎物  
Others seek out tall forests in which to hide from their prey.  

51  
00:04:59,333 --> 00:05:03,000  
少数选择开阔农田作为猎场  
A few choose open farmland as their hunting ground.  

52  
00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:10,067  
楔尾鹰的领地覆盖整个澳大利亚  
The wedge-tailed eagle ranges right across Australia,  

53  
00:05:10,100 --> 00:05:11,467  
从山地到沙漠  
from mountains to deserts,  

54  
00:05:11,500 --> 00:05:14,000  
从雨林到草原  
and from rainforests to grasslands.  

55  
00:05:16,733 --> 00:05:20,233  
事实上，它唯一不适应的环境  
In fact, one of the few places it doesn't feel at home  

56  
00:05:20,267 --> 00:05:22,333  
就是地面  
is on the ground.  

57  
00:05:29,067 --> 00:05:31,133  
它会落地进食  
It'll come down to feed.  

58  
00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:35,433  
但一旦着陆  
But once it's earth-bound,  

59  
00:05:35,467 --> 00:05:39,167  
楔尾鹰看起来就不像高超猎手  
the wedge-tailed eagle looks less like a highly skilled hunter  

60  
00:05:39,200 --> 00:05:42,267  
有人形容更像相扑选手  
and more, some say, like a sumo wrestler.  

61  
00:05:45,433 --> 00:05:47,300  
它粗壮的腿完美适配  
Its thick legs are perfect  

62  
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从高空俯冲擒获猎物  
for striking down prey as it dives from above.  

63  
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在地面却显得笨拙  
On the ground, they're somewhat clumsy.  

64  
00:05:57,733 --> 00:05:59,933  
这是只成年雌鹰  
This is an adult female.  

65  
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它左右脚交替跳跃  
She hops from one foot to the other,  

66  
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试图获得前进动力  
trying to gain forward momentum,  

67  
00:06:06,633 --> 00:06:08,700  
并借助任何气流扰动  
and runs into any stirring of wind  

68  
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帮助起飞  
that might help her to take off.  

69  
00:06:19,400 --> 00:06:23,033  
滑稽步态瞬间化为优雅飞行  
Her comic gait transforms into graceful flight.  

70  
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空中的楔尾鹰堪称壮丽  
In the air, the wedge-tailed eagle is magnificent.  

71  
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澳大利亚皇家空军徽章上的正是这种猛禽  
This is the bird the Royal Australian Air Force displays on its badge.  

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00:06:41,233 --> 00:06:43,633  
全球最大的鹰类之一  
One of the largest eagles in the world.  

73  
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雌性楔尾鹰的翼展  
The wingspan of a female wedge-tailed eagle  

74  
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可达两米以上  
can reach over seven feet.  

75  
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体重可达四公斤  
And females can weigh just under nine pounds.  

76  
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不及普通家猫的重量  
It's less than the average house cat.  

77  
00:07:03,100 --> 00:07:06,567  
但这不妨碍被澳洲人称为"楔子"的它  
But this doesn't stop the wedgie, as it's known to Australians,  

78  
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捕食该国某些体型最大  
from hunting some of the country's largest,  

79  
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最具标志性的生物  
and most iconic, creatures.  

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约3500万年来  
For around 35 million years,  

81  
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澳大利亚始终与其它大陆隔绝  
Australia has been isolated from every other landmass on earth.  

82  
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如此漫长的进化隔离  
Such a span of evolutionary isolation  

83  
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造就了非凡的野生动物  
has led to some extraordinary wildlife,  

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部分为澳大利亚独有  
some of which is found nowhere else on earth.  

85  
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长着育儿袋的熊状生物在树上酣睡  
Strange bear-like creatures with pouches sleep in trees.  

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粉红鸟群点缀枝头如绽放的花云  
Flocks of bright pink birds adorn the branches like clouds of blossom.  

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长腿食草动物在草地跳跃  
Long-limbed herbivores bound across the grass.  

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巨型不会飞的鸟漫步平原  
Giant flightless birds wander across the plains.  

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它们都是楔尾鹰的菜单选项  
All of them are on the menu for the wedge-tailed eagle.  

90  
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此刻，这只雌鹰的关键武器是视力  
Right now, the key weapon in this female's armory is sight.  

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卓越的视力让它能发现800米外  
Her excellent eyesight enables her to hunt down small moving targets,  

92  
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移动的小目标  
from over half a mile away.  

93  
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猛禽视网膜的血管排列方式  
The blood vessels in a raptor's retinas are arranged  

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不会散射进入眼睛的光线  
so they don't scatter light coming into the eye.  

95  
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这使它们的视力  
It helps make their vision  

96  
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成为地球生物中最锐利的  
the sharpest of any creature on earth.  

97  
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它能看见人眼无法分辨的事物  
It can see things no human eye could ever discern.  

98  
00:09:22,367 --> 00:09:26,167  
下方地面，啮齿动物在草道中穿行  
On the ground below, rodents run through tunnels in the grass,  

99  
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沿途留下尿液痕迹  
dribbling urine as they go.  

100  
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科学家认为楔尾鹰具有紫外线视觉  
It's thought that the wedge tail has ultraviolet vision  

101  
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或许能通过猎物尿液  
and may be able to distinguish between different species of prey  

102  
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紫外线吸收率的差异来区分物种  
based on the variation in the ultraviolet absorbance of their urine.  

103  
00:09:50,533 --> 00:09:54,767  
但由于许多自然表面也吸收紫外线  
But as many natural surfaces also absorb ultraviolet,  

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科学家仍在研究它们是否  
scientists are still trying to determine exactly if, and how,  

105  
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以及如何通过这种方式锁定猎物  
they target their prey in this way.  

106  
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就像关于这种雄伟鸟类的许多谜团  
Like much about these magnificent birds,  

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这仍有待破解  
it's a mystery yet to be unraveled.  

108  
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它几乎不用拍打翅膀就能翱翔天际  
She soars across the skies, with barely a wingbeat.  

109  
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利用上升热空气的推力  
Using the upward thrust of rising columns of hot air  

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帮助节省体力  
helps her conserve energy.  

111  
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楔尾鹰的低能耗生存策略  
The wedge-tailed eagle's low-energy approach to life  

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使它能数周不进食  
means it can live for several weeks without food.  

113  
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在不同热气流间轻松滑翔  
Soaring effortlessly from one thermal to another,  

114  
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它从容不迫地继续旅程  
she continues, unhurried, on her way.  

115  
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虽然鹰类完美适应白昼捕猎  
While the eagle has a lifestyle perfectly adapted to hunting in daylight,  

116  
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但还有其他猛禽  
there are other birds of prey  

117  
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双眼专为黄昏  
that have eyes attuned to hunting at dusk  

118  
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和夜间捕猎而生  
and at night.  

119  
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这是吠鹰鸮  
This is the barking owl.  

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分布于澳大利亚全境边缘地带  
It's found all around the edges of the country.  

121  
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有些猫头鹰依靠敏锐听觉在黑暗中定位猎物  
Some owls rely on their sensitive hearing to locate their prey in the dark.  

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但吠鹰鸮利用绝佳视力在黎明黄昏捕猎  
But the barking owl uses its excellent eyesight to hunt during dawn and at dusk.  

123  
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黑暗环境中瞳孔会放大  
When it gets dark, its pupils dilate.  

124  
00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:51,267  
日光下则收缩  
In daylight, they contract.  

125  
00:11:57,767 --> 00:12:00,700  
有人认为这看起来像在眨眼  
Some people think this looks a bit like a wink.  

126  
00:12:02,767 --> 00:12:05,067  
或许命名者就这么想的  
Or those who named it did.  

127  
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其学名Ninox connivens  
Its Latin name is Ninox connivens,  

128  
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源自拉丁语"眨眼"  
which comes from the Latin for "winking".  

129  
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猫头鹰是寂静猎手  
Owls are silent hunters.  

130  
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但科学家最近才发现鸟类  
But scientists have only recently discovered how birds,

131  
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比如仓鸮如何实现无声飞行  
such as the barn owl, can fly without making a sound.  

132  
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他们观察到猫头鹰的翼羽  
What they've observed is that owl wing feathers  

133  
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具有特殊的降噪结构  
are specially adapted to reduce noise,  

134  
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当它划破空气时  
as the bird cuts through the air,  

135  
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猎物听不到它的接近  
which means their prey can't hear them coming.  

136  
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但不仅猫头鹰演化出精妙的捕猎技巧  
But it's not just the owls that have developed a finely honed hunting technique.  

137  
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每种澳大利亚猛禽  
Each Australian bird of prey  

138  
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都以略有差异的方式适应生存  
has adapted to make a living in a slightly different way.  

139  
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这是只雌性红隼  
This is a female kestrel.  

140  
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它不像楔尾鹰需要长途飞行觅食  
She isn't flying for hours in search of food, like the wedgie.  

141  
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而是守在钟爱的栖木上  
Instead, she sits on her favorite perch,  

142  
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静待食物送上门  
as she waits for food to come to her.  

143  
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澳大利亚红隼常在开阔农田捕猎  
The Australian kestrel tends to hunt in open farmland,  

144  
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零散的树木提供完美落脚点  
where scattered trees provide perfect perches.  

145  
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1500万年前  
15 million years ago,  

146  
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澳大利亚几乎全境被森林覆盖  
Australia was almost entirely covered in trees.  

147  
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如今过半国土已成农田  
Today, just over half of the country is farmland,  

148  
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成为红隼的理想猎场  
perfect hunting ground for the kestrel.  

149  
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随着农田开垦 红隼数量反而增长  
As land has been cleared for farming, kestrel numbers are thought to have risen.  

150  
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它的食谱主要是爬行动物和蚱蜢  
Her menu consists mostly of reptiles and grasshoppers.  

151  
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凭借超强视力  
With tack-sharp vision,  

152  
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它发现一只石龙子  
she spots a small skink,  

153  
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一种澳大利亚蜥蜴  
a type of Australian lizard,  

154  
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立即出击  
and moves out.  

155  
00:14:12,533 --> 00:14:15,100  
红隼俯冲至近地面  
The kestrel drops close to the ground.  

156  
00:14:19,100 --> 00:14:20,467  
看似悬停不动  
She appears to hover,  

157  
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保持与地面相对静止  
remaining stationary in relation to the ground.  

158  
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实际是迎风飞行获得升力  
In fact, the kestrel is flying into the wind to give her lift.  

159  
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它发起进攻  
She makes her move.  

160  
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迅猛扑击  
She strikes.  

161  
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红隼偏好近距离突袭猎物  
Kestrels pounce on their prey from a close distance,  

162  
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而非依赖速度制胜  
rather than relying on speed.  

163  
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它们并非唯一采用伏击战术的猛禽  
They aren't the only raptors to ambush their prey.  

164  
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但有些猛禽不喜开阔地带  
But others are less happy about being out in the open  

165  
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更愿藏身北部、东部和东南部  
and prefer to hide deep in the forests  

166  
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的茂密森林中  
in the north, east and south-east of the country.  

167  
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这里是昆士兰的森林  
These are the forests of Queensland.  

168  
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澳大利亚41%的森林集中于此  
41 percent of Australia's forests are found in this state.  

169  
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这正是该国最隐秘猎手的完美栖息地  
It's the perfect habitat for one of the country's most stealthy hunters,  

170  
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这种鸟类为澳大利亚独有  
a bird found nowhere else but Australia.  

171  
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林间幽灵般的存在  
A ghost-like presence in the trees,  

172  
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独来独往  
it is solitary,  

173  
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行踪诡秘  
secretive  

174  
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擅长伏击  
and it ambushes its prey.  

175  
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灰歌鹰  
The gray goshawk.  

176  
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有些灰歌鹰长着灰白相间的羽毛  
Some gray goshawks have gray and white feathers.  

177  
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有些则通体雪白  
Others are covered entirely in white.  

178  
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这种纯白变种是全球唯一的白色猛禽  
This variety is the only pure white bird of prey in the world.  

179  
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雌鹰隐匿于树冠高处的栖木  
Concealed on a perch high up in the tree canopy,  

180  
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几乎与环境融为一体  
this female is almost impossible to see.  

181  
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它静默地观察等待  
Silently, she watches, and waits.  

182  
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突然发起攻击  
Then, she strikes.  

183  
00:17:19,233 --> 00:17:21,567  
歌鹰堪称鸟类界的猎豹  
Goshawks are the cheetahs of the bird world.  

184  
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捕猎时爆发短促而强烈的能量  
For their kills they use short, sharp bursts of energy.  

185  
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它仔细拔除猎物的羽毛  
Carefully, she plucks her prey,  

186  
00:17:33,067 --> 00:17:35,133  
一只白首鸽  
a white-headed pigeon,  

187  
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开始享用美餐  
and begins her feast.  

188  
00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:57,667  
当歌鹰玩着致命的捉迷藏游戏时  
While the goshawk plays a deadly game of hide and seek,  

189  
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另一种猛禽  
another bird of prey here  

190  
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拥有更非凡的捕猎技艺：  
has a hunting technique that's even more extraordinary:  

191  
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黑胸鵟鹰  
the black-breasted buzzard.  

192  
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这种鸟同样为澳大利亚独有  
This bird too is found only in Australia,  

193  
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但猎场延伸至草原  
but hunts out on the grasslands,  

194  
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与森林地带  
as well as the forests.  

195  
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它密切注视着另一种本土鸟类  
It keeps a close eye on another of the country's indigenous birds.  

196  
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其体型可达鵟鹰的四倍  
One that can be over four times its size  

197  
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体重是其45倍：  
and 45 times its weight:  

198  
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鸸鹋  
the emu.  

199  
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不过它的目标并非鸸鹋...  
It's not the emu it's after, however...  

200  
00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:52,267  
...而是鸸鹋蛋  
..but its eggs.  

201  
00:18:54,733 --> 00:19:00,167  
盗取这些翡翠色"快餐"的机会渺茫  
The chances of stealing one of these large emerald ready meals are slim.  

202  
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雄性鸸鹋需孵卵约56天  
The male emu incubates his brood for around 56 days.  

203  
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期间从不离巢  
During that time he won't ever leave the nest,  

204  
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甚至不吃不喝  
not even to eat or drink.  

205  
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鵟鹰绝无可能对抗这个巨人  
There's no way the buzzard can take on this giant.  

206  
00:19:21,300 --> 00:19:25,433  
偶尔会有鵟鹰幸运发现弃蛋  
Occasionally, however, a buzzard gets lucky with an abandoned egg.  

207  
00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:35,067  
机会来了  
This is its chance.  

208  
00:19:40,500 --> 00:19:43,033  
但面临新难题  
But now it faces another problem.  

209  
00:19:44,333 --> 00:19:47,100  
蛋壳异常坚硬  
The shell of the egg is thick,  

210  
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足以承受成年雄性鸸鹋的重量  
thick enough to support the weight of an adult male emu.  

211  
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鵟鹰只得使出独创的"破壳取食"法  
So the buzzard has to resort to its own ingenious method of smash and grab.  

212  
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这是澳大利亚境内唯一  
It's the only raptor in the entire country  

213  
00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:09,467  
会规律性使用工具的猛禽  
that regularly uses a tool to hunt for food.  

214  
00:20:12,667 --> 00:20:14,733  
这种行为出自本能  
This behavior comes naturally.  

215  
00:20:19,233 --> 00:20:21,667  
远离亲鸟长大的幼年鵟鹰  
Young buzzards reared away from their parents  

216  
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仍会用石头砸开食物  
still use stones to crack into their meals,  

217  
00:20:24,567 --> 00:20:26,700  
无需教导  
without having been taught.  

218  
00:20:32,400 --> 00:20:35,733  
辛勤劳动换来美味点心  
Hard work is rewarded with a very tasty snack.  

219  
00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:51,133  
澳大利亚再无其他猛禽  
No other bird of prey in Australia  

220  
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像这种食蛋专家般使用辅助工具  
uses a secondary tool like this egg-eating specialist.  

221  
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:08,700  
但所有猛禽都配备与生俱来的工具：  
But every bird of prey comes equipped with a built-in toolkit:  

222  
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致命利爪  
fearsome feet.  

223  
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这些恐龙般的足爪是第一道防线  
These dinosaur-like feet are their first line of defense,  

224  
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往往也是进攻武器  
and often attack.  

225  
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还能协助肢解猎物  
They also help with dismembering prey.  

226  
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正如不同物种追踪猎物的方式各异  
But just as each species tracks down its prey in a different way,  

227  
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它们的足爪也形态迥异  
so too do their feet differ.  

228  
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楔尾鹰的利爪  
The talons of the wedge-tailed eagle  

229  
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巨大且锋利如刃  
are massive and razor-sharp.  

230  
00:22:23,233 --> 00:22:26,333  
三根强劲的前趾  
It has three powerful toes that face forward.  

231  
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内侧趾最粗壮 与后趾形成对握  
The inner toe is the sturdiest and opposes the hind toe,  

232  
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后者又称杀戮爪  
also known as the killer talon.  

233  
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这套结构让它们能稳抓树干...  
These allow the bird to grip safely onto trees...  

234  
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...并牢牢控制猎物  
..and to grasp its prey.  

235  
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楔尾鹰的爪长足以刺穿  
The wedge-tailed eagle has talons that are long enough  

236  
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澳大利亚几乎所有生物的要害器官  
to puncture the vital organs of virtually any creature in Australia.  

237  
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握力更能粉碎骨骼  
And it has a bone-crushing grip.  

238  
00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:16,167  
据测算其对猎物施加的压力  
It's thought the pressure it can exert on its prey  

239  
00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:19,633  
高达每平方英寸200磅  
is 200 pounds per square inch.  

240  
00:23:42,567 --> 00:23:45,367  
其他鸟类则用特化足爪  
Other birds use their highly specialized feet  

241  
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实现不同的空中捕猎策略  
for different approaches to aerial hunting.  

242  
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东方鱼鹰的双爪能助它追猎...  
The eastern osprey has a pair that can help it pursue prey...  

243  
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...水下目标  
..underwater.  

244  
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在北领地某条溪流中  
In a creek in the Northern Territory,  

245  
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这只鸟决定来场捕鱼秀  
this bird decides its time for a spot of fishing.  

246  
00:24:16,267 --> 00:24:18,533  
鱼鹰是种水生鹰类  
The osprey is a type of aquatic hawk  

247  
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出没于澳大利亚近岸海域及河口  
that stalks inshore coastal and estuarine waters around Australia.  

248  
00:24:36,067 --> 00:24:40,333  
发达的油脂腺使浓密羽毛防水  
It has large oil glands that waterproof its dense feathers.  

249  
00:24:44,233 --> 00:24:47,400  
因此鱼鹰毫不惧水  
Which means the osprey isn't afraid of getting wet.  

250  
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:06,367  
运用强健足部和弯长趾爪...  
Using its powerful feet and long, curved claws...  

251  
00:25:16,167 --> 00:25:18,233  
...钩住猎物  
..it hooks its prey.  

252  
00:25:22,367 --> 00:25:26,500  
足底突刺能牢牢钉住鱼身...  
On the bottom of its feet, spiny projections snag the fish...  

253  
00:25:31,200 --> 00:25:33,400  
...确保战利品不会逃脱  
..and ensure that its quarry is secure.  

254  
00:25:37,067 --> 00:25:41,033  
外侧趾可前后旋转...  
The outside toes swivel from the front to the rear of its foot...  

255  
00:25:42,100 --> 00:25:45,200  
...以便飞行时平衡滑溜的猎物  
..in order to balance the slippery catch as it flies.  

256  
00:25:55,633 --> 00:26:01,033  
这种鸟捕食的鱼类远超澳大利亚其他猛禽  
This bird hunts and eats more fish than any other Australian bird of prey.  

257  
00:26:27,067 --> 00:26:30,067  
但有时捕鱼不为食用  
But sometimes the fish aren't for eating.  

258  
00:26:33,267 --> 00:26:34,633  
这只雄性鱼鹰  
This male osprey  

259  
00:26:34,667 --> 00:26:37,733  
正在进行系列空中表演...  
is performing a series of aerial displays...  

260  
00:26:38,533 --> 00:26:40,600  
...以吸引配偶  
..in order to attract a mate.  

261  
00:26:43,300 --> 00:26:47,233  
据报道 这些鸟有时会叼着鱼飞行  
It's been reported that sometimes these birds carry a fish with them,  

262  
00:26:47,267 --> 00:26:51,333  
这种行为被形象地称为"鱼获展示"  
as they fly in something imaginatively known as a fish display.  

263  
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:55,667  
但今天没有  
But not today.  

264  
00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:11,100  
这片湿地位于北领地最北端  
These wetlands lie at the top of the Northern Territory,  

265  
00:27:12,100 --> 00:27:16,500  
点缀在横贯澳大利亚北部的  
dotted in amongst a vast swathe of dense grass and scattered trees  

266  
00:27:16,533 --> 00:27:19,000  
茂密草原与疏林地带中  
that runs across the north of the country.  

267  
00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:32,400  
冬季这里饱受干旱  
In the winter, there are droughts here.  

268  
00:27:35,767 --> 00:27:38,333  
夏季季风降雨  
In the summer, monsoon rains  

269  
00:27:38,367 --> 00:27:40,167  
彻底改变地貌  
transform the landscape.  

270  
00:27:47,467 --> 00:27:51,167  
这种栖息地被称为热带稀树草原  
It's a habitat known as tropical savanna.  

271  
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覆盖澳大利亚近20%的陆地  
And it covers almost 20 percent of Australia's mainland.  

272  
00:27:59,767 --> 00:28:02,733  
栗鸢巡视着这片水域  
The brahminy kite patrols these waters.  

273  
00:28:05,167 --> 00:28:09,400  
和鱼鹰一样 它的足部也长有倒刺  
It too, like the osprey, has feet equipped with spiny barbs.  

274  
00:28:12,767 --> 00:28:16,033  
但捕食方式截然不同  
But it has a rather different way of doing things.  

275  
00:28:17,767 --> 00:28:20,033  
这是种食腐鸟类  
This bird is a scavenger.  

276  
00:28:20,733 --> 00:28:25,133  
它不会潜入水中追捕活鱼  
It doesn't submerge itself in the water in search of swimming prey.  

277  
00:28:25,167 --> 00:28:28,300  
而是从水面掠取死物  
Instead, it scoops dead food from the surface,  

278  
00:28:28,333 --> 00:28:30,167  
比如这片漂浮的鱼尾  
like this floating fish tail.  

279  
00:28:32,267 --> 00:28:35,133  
偶尔也会捕捉小鱼  
Sometimes, it'll hook a small live fish.  

280  
00:28:37,733 --> 00:28:40,633  
但它也适应了靠残羹生存  
But it's also adapted to survive on scraps,  

281  
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:46,300  
有机会就会抢夺其他鸟类的猎物  
and will rob other birds of their catch if it's given the chance.  

282  
00:28:58,267 --> 00:29:02,400  
它并非澳大利亚唯一的投机型猛禽  
It's not the only Australian bird of prey that's an opportunist.  

283  
00:29:13,767 --> 00:29:17,133  
啸鸢遍布澳大利亚全境...  
The whistling kite is found across the country...  

284  
00:29:22,167 --> 00:29:25,000  
...同样为生存不择手段  
..and it too does what it can to survive.  

285  
00:29:35,367 --> 00:29:37,667  
这只抓到了小型啮齿动物  
This one has caught a small rodent.  

286  
00:29:51,767 --> 00:29:56,433  
但另一只啸鸢想抢夺猎物而非自己捕猎  
But another kite wants to steal the meal, rather than hunting for itself.  

287  
00:30:10,667 --> 00:30:14,033  
邻居誓死捍卫战利品  
Its neighbor defends its hard-won catch.  

288  
00:30:16,733 --> 00:30:20,100  
抢劫未遂者被迫认输  
The would-be robber is forced to concede defeat.  

289  
00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:25,067  
只得另寻目标  
It'll have to find another target.  

290  
00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:52,800  
另一种来者不拒的空中猎手是  
Another aerial hunter that will seize its chances with any number of prey  

291  
00:30:52,833 --> 00:30:55,100  
棕隼  
is the brown falcon.  

292  
00:31:03,533 --> 00:31:06,767  
有时它会空中搜寻猎物  
Sometimes it will search for quarry from the air,  

293  
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:11,400  
但更偏爱栖木伏击  
but it prefers to hunt from a perch,  

294  
00:31:12,833 --> 00:31:15,067  
甚至地面潜行  
or even to stalk on the ground,  

295  
00:31:17,067 --> 00:31:20,433  
利用修长双腿和粗短趾爪  
using its long legs and short, thick toes.  

296  
00:31:22,633 --> 00:31:26,633  
其短粗的足爪能牢牢钳制  
Its stumpy feet are perfectly adapted to take a firm grip  

297  
00:31:26,667 --> 00:31:30,133  
澳大利亚最致命的生物  
on some of Australia's most lethal creatures.  

298  
00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:42,667  
澳大利亚有140多种蛇类  
This country has over 140 species of snake,  

299  
00:31:46,667 --> 00:31:50,333  
包括数种全球毒性最强的  
including several of the most venomous in the world.  

300  
00:31:53,133 --> 00:31:56,700  
这只棕隼盯上了地毯蟒  
The falcon has set its sights on a carpet python.  

301  
00:31:58,300 --> 00:32:02,100  
虽无毒 却仍是可怕猎手  
The snake isn't venomous, but it's still a formidable hunter.  

302  
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:08,267  
某些地毯蟒能绞杀沙袋鼠  
Some species of carpet python are capable of crushing a wallaby to death.  

303  
00:32:09,267 --> 00:32:11,233  
但这吓不退棕隼  
That doesn't deter the falcon.  

304  
00:32:17,467 --> 00:32:21,067  
对准脊柱的致命咬击使蟒蛇瘫痪  
A strong bite to the spine immobilizes the snake,  

305  
00:32:21,100 --> 00:32:23,167  
轻松完成猎杀  
making it easy prey.  

306  
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:41,167  
在澳大利亚某些地区  
In some parts of Australia,  

307  
00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:43,167  
人们发现春季时  
it's been noted that in spring,  

308  
00:32:43,200 --> 00:32:46,667  
棕隼主要捕食哺乳动物和鸟类  
the brown falcon eats mostly mammals and birds.  

309  
00:32:50,300 --> 00:32:55,233  
夏季转为猎食耐高温的昆虫爬行动物  
In summer, it changes to hunt insects and reptiles that thrive in the heat.  

310  
00:32:57,733 --> 00:33:00,667  
冬季又回归鸟类和哺乳动物  
In winter, it returns to birds and mammals.  

311  
00:33:06,833 --> 00:33:08,733  
这种转换猎物的能力  
The ability to switch its prey  

312  
00:33:08,767 --> 00:33:12,700  
使棕隼在严酷环境中获得最大生存几率  
means the brown falcon gives itself the best chance of survival  

313  
00:33:12,733 --> 00:33:15,067  
得以繁衍生息  
in a land of harsh extremes.  

314  
00:33:18,833 --> 00:33:22,100  
澳大利亚气候反复无常  
This is a country with an erratic climate.  

315  
00:33:27,067 --> 00:33:31,400  
有时焦土要忍受长期干旱  
At times, parched lands suffer periods of prolonged drought.  

316  
00:33:37,167 --> 00:33:41,300  
有时大地又突遭洪水吞噬  
At others, the earth drowns under sudden, violent floods.  

317  
00:33:47,300 --> 00:33:52,167  
该国贫瘠土壤比例极高  
It's a country with a uniquely high proportion of nutrient-poor soil,  

318  
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:57,367  
周期性爆发的烈火更使情况恶化  
something exacerbated by regular outbreaks of blazingly intense fires.  

319  
00:34:05,600 --> 00:34:09,533  
包括猛禽在内的所有澳大利亚生物  
All Australian wildlife, including birds of prey,  

320  
00:34:09,567 --> 00:34:13,333  
都在逆境中完成了进化  
has evolved against a constant backdrop of adversity.  

321  
00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:20,467  
但猛禽近代面临的最大威胁...  
But one of the biggest changes raptors have faced in recent times...  

322  
00:34:22,233 --> 00:34:24,100  
...是人类  
..is man.  

323  
00:34:28,167 --> 00:34:30,767  
猛禽看似凶猛  
Raptors may look fierce.  

324  
00:34:30,800 --> 00:34:33,633  
生存状况却岌岌可危  
But their existence is a fragile one.  

325  
00:34:42,067 --> 00:34:45,600  
楔尾鹰曾让澳洲农民闻风丧胆  
Wedge-tailed eagles once terrified Australian farmers,  

326  
00:34:45,633 --> 00:34:48,433  
夸张的传闻使他们坚信  
who were convinced by exaggerated reports  

327  
00:34:48,467 --> 00:34:52,733  
这种巨鹰会掠食羊羔摧毁牲畜  
that this giant was carrying off lambs and decimating livestock.  

328  
00:34:59,100 --> 00:35:03,567  
西澳大利亚直到1968年仍有悬赏猎杀  
There was a bounty on its head until 1968 in Western Australia.  

329  
00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:08,267  
昆士兰持续到1974年  
And until 1974 in Queensland.  

330  
00:35:12,100 --> 00:35:17,033  
估计超百万只楔尾鹰遭屠戮  
It's estimated that more than one million wedge-tailed eagles were killed.  

331  
00:35:26,800 --> 00:35:30,533  
如今猎杀楔尾鹰已属违法  
Today, it's illegal to hunt the wedge-tailed eagle.  

332  
00:35:34,733 --> 00:35:37,433  
但该物种依然脆弱  
But the species is still vulnerable.  

333  
00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:43,167  
随着人类不断侵占猛禽栖息地  
As humans encroach further and further into the habitats of raptors,  

334  
00:35:44,167 --> 00:35:47,100  
我们正导致猎物锐减  
we risk clearing areas of prey,  

335  
00:35:47,133 --> 00:35:51,033  
或使食物链遭受农药毒害  
or contaminating the food chain with pesticides and poisons.  

336  
00:35:58,200 --> 00:36:01,167  
人类影响也有积极一面：  
There can be benefits to human involvement:  

337  
00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:04,633  
黑胸鵟鹰常以欧洲人18世纪引入的  
the black-breasted buzzard often feeds on invasive rabbits,  

338  
00:36:04,667 --> 00:36:07,733  
入侵野兔为食  
introduced by Europeans in the 18th century.  

339  
00:36:12,100 --> 00:36:15,767  
但包括鵟鹰在内的许多猛禽种群  
But many populations of birds of prey, including the buzzard,  

340  
00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:18,067  
仍面临威胁  
are still threatened.  

341  
00:36:20,700 --> 00:36:25,200  
在覆盖澳大利亚过半国土的干旱内陆  
In the arid central lands, that cover more than half of Australia,  

342  
00:36:25,233 --> 00:36:29,767  
20种食肉猛禽中有12种数量锐减  
12 of 20 carnivorous birds have significantly dropped in numbers.  

343  
00:36:39,567 --> 00:36:44,500  
与小体型鸟类不同 猛禽数量一旦下滑  
When their numbers dip, birds of prey struggle to recover quickly,  

344  
00:36:44,533 --> 00:36:46,600  
很难快速恢复  
unlike their smaller relatives.  

345  
00:36:48,300 --> 00:36:52,367  
相比猛禽 小型鸟繁殖率更高  
Compared to raptors, small birds have a higher rate of reproduction.  

346  
00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:57,267  
它们更早开始繁殖且产仔更多  
They tend to begin breeding earlier and produce more young.  

347  
00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:06,600  
猛禽通常寿命更长  
Birds of prey tend to live longer,  

348  
00:37:06,633 --> 00:37:09,100  
繁殖年龄较晚  
begin breeding at a later age,  

349  
00:37:10,233 --> 00:37:12,400  
后代数量较少  
and produce fewer young.  

350  
00:37:16,300 --> 00:37:19,767  
这意味着种群恢复极其缓慢  
This means that boosting numbers is a slow process.  

351  
00:37:24,100 --> 00:37:27,667  
若猛禽灭绝 后果将不堪设想  
Should raptors die out, the consequences would be dire,  

352  
00:37:27,700 --> 00:37:31,200  
不仅关乎它们 更影响整个生态系统  
not just for them, but for the entire ecosystem.  

353  
00:37:33,400 --> 00:37:37,067  
这些空中猎手常居食物链顶端  
These aerial hunters are often at the top of the food chain  

354  
00:37:37,100 --> 00:37:40,000  
塑造着整个生态群落  
and shape the entire ecological community.  

355  
00:37:46,700 --> 00:37:50,067  
当猛禽数量减少  
When populations of birds of prey go down,  

356  
00:37:50,100 --> 00:37:53,033  
猎物数量就会激增  
then the numbers of their prey species go up.  

357  
00:37:54,800 --> 00:37:58,067  
导致生态系统失衡  
This creates an imbalance in the ecosystem.  

358  
00:38:02,133 --> 00:38:06,033  
若它们灭绝 整个系统可能崩溃  
If they die off, then the entire system risks collapse.  

359  
00:38:24,500 --> 00:38:29,133  
猛禽不仅是澳大利亚地貌的组成部分  
Birds of prey have long been a part of not just Australia's landscape  

360  
00:38:29,167 --> 00:38:31,300  
更深深融入其文化与历史  
but its culture and history too.  

361  
00:38:34,767 --> 00:38:38,733  
人类与猛禽的关系在此源远流长  
The relationship between man and raptor is an ancient one here.  

362  
00:38:45,833 --> 00:38:47,333  
原住民传说中的渔神  
The Aboriginal fishing god  

363  
00:38:47,367 --> 00:38:52,567  
据说能化身为白腹海雕  
was said to be able to change into the form of the white-bellied sea eagle.  

364  
00:39:01,633 --> 00:39:04,233  
至今仍是新南威尔士州  
Even today, it's the guardian animal  

365  
00:39:04,267 --> 00:39:07,733  
沉船湾原住民的守护圣兽  
of the Aboriginal people of Wreck Bay, in New South Wales.  

366  
00:39:10,133 --> 00:39:13,667  
楔尾鹰同样具有重要文化意义  
The wedge-tailed eagle too has an important cultural role.  

367  
00:39:15,833 --> 00:39:19,333  
至少五千年前 西澳大利亚  
At least 5,000 years ago in Western Australia,  

368  
00:39:19,367 --> 00:39:23,000  
金伯利人就将鹰绘于岩棚  
the people of Kimberley painted eagles onto a rock shelter.  

369  
00:39:27,467 --> 00:39:30,400  
这种鸟在原住民习俗与神话中  
It's a bird that has always had a strong presence  

370  
00:39:30,433 --> 00:39:33,000  
始终占据重要地位  
in Aboriginal custom and mythology.  

371  
00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:37,133  
大人常吓唬顽童  
Children were told to be good and quiet,  

372  
00:39:37,167 --> 00:39:39,667  
小心被楔尾鹰抓走  
or they'd be carried off by a wedge-tailed eagle.  

373  
00:39:45,567 --> 00:39:49,033  
许多传统故事讲述着...  
Many traditional stories tell of a fiery encounter...  

374  
00:39:51,667 --> 00:39:53,633  
...鹰与乌鸦的...  
..between the eagle...  

375  
00:39:53,667 --> 00:39:55,733  
...烈火恩怨  
and the crow.  

376  
00:39:58,733 --> 00:40:01,000  
二者本是好友  
The two were friends.  

377  
00:40:02,100 --> 00:40:04,633  
乌鸦惹恼了鹰  
But the crow displeased the eagle,  

378  
00:40:04,667 --> 00:40:07,433  
被扔进火堆作为惩罚...  
and he threw him into the fire as punishment...  

379  
00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:10,667  
...烧成焦黑  
..and burnt him.  

380  
00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:14,600  
乌鸦由此变成黑色  
And that is how the crow came to be black.  

381  
00:40:19,800 --> 00:40:22,033  
如今关于鹰的暴烈性情  
Today, there are different tales  

382  
00:40:22,067 --> 00:40:24,733  
流传着更离奇的  
about the eagle's fiery temperament  

383  
00:40:24,767 --> 00:40:27,067  
现代传说  
and they are extraordinary.  

384  
00:40:31,733 --> 00:40:36,267  
有人声称目睹鹰类故意纵火  
Some people say they have seen eagles start fires, on purpose.  

385  
00:40:40,267 --> 00:40:44,167  
不止是鹰 棕隼也有类似行为  
And not just the eagle, but the brown falcon too.  

386  
00:40:47,500 --> 00:40:49,433  
据这些轶闻所述  
According to these anecdotes,  

387  
00:40:49,467 --> 00:40:52,067  
它们会叼起燃烧的树枝  
these birds pick up smoldering sticks  

388  
00:40:52,100 --> 00:40:54,733  
引燃其他区域  
and use them to start a blaze elsewhere.  

389  
00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:01,767  
此类报告来自  
The reports have come from  

390  
00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:04,367  
澳大利亚各地  
different corners of Australia.  

391  
00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:07,367  
这听起来像天方夜谭  
They sound like tall tales.  

392  
00:41:07,567 --> 00:41:10,367  
但很可能是真实的  
But they are most likely true.  

393  
00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:15,733  
2015年全球猛禽研究基金会会议上  
In 2015, evidence about the brown falcon's pyromaniac tendencies  

394  
00:41:15,767 --> 00:41:20,133  
展示了棕隼纵火倾向的证据  
was presented at the global Raptor Research Foundation Conference.  

395  
00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:25,133  
鸟类学家尚未确定目击者报告  
Ornithologists are yet to decide if such behavior  

396  
00:41:25,167 --> 00:41:28,033  
是否准确可信  
is being accurately reported by eye-witnesses,  

397  
00:41:28,067 --> 00:41:30,733  
因从未被影像记录  
as it's never been photographed or filmed.  

398  
00:41:32,400 --> 00:41:37,267  
但可以肯定的是 某些猛禽会被火焰吸引  
But what is certain is that some birds of prey are attracted to fires,  

399  
00:41:39,800 --> 00:41:44,033  
并猎杀逃离火场的动物  
and will take advantage by hunting animals fleeing the flames.  

400  
00:41:51,167 --> 00:41:54,667  
这只雌性楔尾鹰下方没有助猎的火焰  
There's no fire here beneath this female wedge-tailed eagle  

401  
00:41:54,700 --> 00:41:56,767  
协助它捕猎  
that will help her with the hunt.  

402  
00:42:01,833 --> 00:42:04,100  
但进食时间到了  
But it's time to feed.  

403  
00:42:06,767 --> 00:42:08,600  
接触猎物时  
Upon contact with her prey,  

404  
00:42:08,633 --> 00:42:11,033  
它的第三层眼睑  
she has a third, inner eyelid  

405  
00:42:11,067 --> 00:42:15,000  
会在搏斗时闭合保护珍贵视力  
that will close to protect her precious sight during any struggle.  

406  
00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:18,233  
发现易得目标后  
Spotting an easy target,  

407  
00:42:19,367 --> 00:42:20,733  
它俯冲而下  
she dives.  

408  
00:42:23,167 --> 00:42:25,167  
一只红袋鼠的尸体  
The carcass of a red wallaby.  

409  
00:42:32,567 --> 00:42:36,033  
腐肉对楔尾鹰而言唾手可得  
Carrion is easy-pickings for the wedge-tailed eagle.  

410  
00:42:56,133 --> 00:42:59,467  
用喙将袋鼠拖到足间...  
She uses her bill to pull the wallaby through her feet...  

411  
00:43:02,133 --> 00:43:05,633  
...用爪刃撕开皮肉  
..and the edges of her talons to slice through its flesh.  

412  
00:43:10,533 --> 00:43:13,533  
单次进食可达体重三分之一  
She can gorge as much as a third of her body weight  

413  
00:43:13,567 --> 00:43:15,700  
的食量  
in a single sitting.  

414  
00:43:21,467 --> 00:43:24,100  
丰盛大餐很快引来注意  
Such rich pickings soon attract attention.  

415  
00:43:35,233 --> 00:43:38,600  
一对楔尾鹰在头顶盘旋  
A pair of wedge-tailed eagles circles overhead.  

416  
00:43:40,767 --> 00:43:45,033  
虽未证实 但人们认为它们终身配偶  
It's thought, although not proven, that these birds mate for life.  

417  
00:44:02,833 --> 00:44:06,700  
未成年鹰和单身成鹰往往四处游荡  
While juvenile eagles and unattached adults tend to wander,  

418  
00:44:09,100 --> 00:44:11,700  
配对鹰则领域性极强  
pairs of eagles are highly territorial.  

419  
00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:24,233  
尤其在繁殖季临近时  
Especially as the breeding season approaches.  

420  
00:44:27,667 --> 00:44:32,067  
它们必须储备体力 绝不分享食物  
They must build up their strength and can't afford to share food.  

421  
00:44:36,267 --> 00:44:39,500  
这只独身雌鹰侵入了它们的领地  
This single female has encroached on their patch.  

422  
00:44:45,467 --> 00:44:50,167  
这对配偶左右摇摆 向入侵者宣示  
The pair rock from side to side, and signal to the would-be usurper  

423  
00:44:50,200 --> 00:44:53,300  
绝不退让的决心  
that they have no intention of giving any ground.  

424  
00:44:56,600 --> 00:44:58,667  
形势危急  
The stakes are high.  

425  
00:44:59,733 --> 00:45:02,433  
入侵者可能丧命  
The intruder could lose her life.  

426  
00:45:10,100 --> 00:45:13,333  
入侵者通常会让步于原住民  
Intruders tend to defer to incumbents.  

427  
00:45:17,067 --> 00:45:19,100  
但它却主动进攻  
But she's on the attack.  

428  
00:45:20,367 --> 00:45:24,033  
它扑向这对配偶 迫使它们起飞  
She launches herself at the pair and they take flight.  

429  
00:45:24,300 --> 00:45:26,267  
入侵者紧追不舍  
The intruder gives chase.  

430  
00:45:27,700 --> 00:45:30,667  
向对手俯冲而去  
She dives towards her rival.  

431  
00:45:33,533 --> 00:45:37,133  
头部后仰 双足前伸  
With her head well back, she pitches both feet forward.  

432  
00:45:40,533 --> 00:45:45,200  
如同捕猎时 利爪是它的主要武器  
As with her prey, it's her fearsome feet that are her main weapon.  

433  
00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:03,567  
雌鹰充分展示武力后成功驱离对手  
The female puts on enough of a show of strength to drive the pair off.  

434  
00:46:10,233 --> 00:46:12,300  
它是真正的战士  
She is a fighter.  

435  
00:46:33,600 --> 00:46:37,400  
从咸水鳄到毒蛇  
From salt-water crocodiles to venomous snakes,  

436  
00:46:39,267 --> 00:46:42,200  
澳大利亚掠食者众多  
Australia has many predatory species.  

437  
00:46:45,067 --> 00:46:47,400  
但每种澳大利亚猛禽都证明  
But each Australian raptor proves  

438  
00:46:47,433 --> 00:46:50,667  
致命猎手不全是爬行动物  
that the deadliest hunters aren't all reptiles.  

439  
00:46:55,667 --> 00:46:58,200  
从捕蛇的棕隼...  
From the brown falcon that can catch snakes...  

440  
00:47:02,667 --> 00:47:05,500  
...到俯冲猎杀的鱼鹰  
..to the osprey that dives to kill,  

441  
00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:10,700  
这里的天空充满空中猎手  
the skies here are filled with aerial hunters.  

442  
00:47:12,700 --> 00:47:15,600  
个个携带致命武器  
Each armed with weapons that can kill.  

443  
00:47:18,400 --> 00:47:21,367  
它们是澳大利亚天空的猎手  
They are the hunters of Australia's skies.  

444  
00:47:24,067 --> 00:47:27,067  
必须时刻为生存而战  
And they must always fight to survive.