1 00:00:08,698 --> 00:00:13,737 - 欧洲...这片以辉煌城邦闻名的土地 - Europe... a continent renowned for its spectacular cities 2 00:00:13,806 --> 00:00:14,806 与璀璨文明 and civilizations. 3 00:00:17,672 --> 00:00:20,779 但这片大陆野性犹存 But this is a surprisingly wild land, 4 00:00:20,848 --> 00:00:23,299 超过1000万平方公里 with over 10 million square kilometers 5 00:00:23,368 --> 00:00:26,716 的多样自然栖息地... of diverse natural habitat... 6 00:00:26,785 --> 00:00:31,721 从北极圈最北端延伸... stretching from the northernmost reaches of the arctic... 7 00:00:31,790 --> 00:00:34,620 至地中海的澄澈海域 to the crystal-clear waters of the Mediterranean Sea. 8 00:00:36,657 --> 00:00:40,557 在这片非凡大陆上 And across this extraordinary continent, 9 00:00:40,626 --> 00:00:44,216 一场史诗级变革正在上演... an epic transformation is under way... 10 00:00:44,285 --> 00:00:48,600 欧洲的野性之心正重新觉醒 as the wild heart of Europe is unleashed once more. 11 00:00:51,775 --> 00:00:54,951 人类正在守护自然 People are supporting the natural world. 12 00:00:55,020 --> 00:00:59,438 - 去巢穴看看幼鸟状况 - Let's go to the nest and see how the chick is. 13 00:00:59,507 --> 00:01:01,578 - 物种正在重归故土 - Species are being reintroduced. 14 00:01:01,647 --> 00:01:05,272 - 它睡得不安稳 我们动作要快 - He's not sleeping very well, so we have to be really fast. 15 00:01:05,755 --> 00:01:08,758 - 自然生态正在复苏 - And nature itself is bouncing back. 16 00:01:13,556 --> 00:01:17,387 生命之环正在重建... The circle of life is being reforged... 17 00:01:17,456 --> 00:01:19,838 野性欧洲正在归来 as the wild returns to Europe. 18 00:01:22,772 --> 00:01:25,844 在西班牙与葡萄牙 In Spain and Portugal, 19 00:01:25,913 --> 00:01:28,640 一项惊人计划正在进行... an astonishing project is under way... 20 00:01:28,709 --> 00:01:34,991 要扭转延续数百年的物种灭绝... to reverse the effects of a centuries-old extinction... 21 00:01:35,060 --> 00:01:39,409 为全球最珍稀猫科动物 and secure the future of one of the rarest cats in the world 22 00:01:39,478 --> 00:01:42,274 在欧洲荒野延续希望 here in Europe's new wild. 23 00:01:49,488 --> 00:01:52,181 - 伊比利亚半岛 - Iberia. 24 00:01:52,250 --> 00:01:54,907 西临大西洋... Bordered by the Atlantic Ocean... 25 00:01:54,976 --> 00:01:59,705 东接地中海 and the Mediterranean Sea. 26 00:01:59,774 --> 00:02:02,398 欧洲大陆西岸... On the west coast of Europe... 27 00:02:02,467 --> 00:02:07,127 这片广袤半岛孕育了西班牙与葡萄牙... this vast peninsula is home to Spain and Portugal... 28 00:02:08,024 --> 00:02:11,372 ...以及欧洲大陆上 ...as well as some of the most diverse landscapes 29 00:02:11,441 --> 00:02:11,993 最多样的地貌 on the continent. 30 00:02:16,998 --> 00:02:20,933 无数特有物种在此栖息 Scores of unique species live here. 31 00:02:24,627 --> 00:02:28,734 国家公园庇护着数百万候鸟 Its national parks host millions of migrating birds 32 00:02:28,803 --> 00:02:30,529 与数百种哺乳动物... and hundreds of mammals... 33 00:02:34,740 --> 00:02:37,502 ...包括珍稀的伊比利亚狼... ...including the rare Iberian wolf... 34 00:02:44,647 --> 00:02:48,168 ...以及全球最濒危的猫科动物... ...as well as the most endangered cat in the world... 35 00:02:50,135 --> 00:02:54,174 ...神秘的伊比利亚猞猁 ...the elusive Iberian lynx. 36 00:02:55,658 --> 00:02:58,626 它们以黑色耳簇著称... These cats are known for their black ear tufts... 37 00:03:01,733 --> 00:03:04,632 ...以及被称为"颊须"的长毛 ...and their long cheek fur, called ruffs. 38 00:03:10,017 --> 00:03:13,607 猞猁完美适应伊比利亚干旱地貌 Specially adapted to Iberia's dry, arid landscape, 39 00:03:13,676 --> 00:03:15,436 沙色皮毛 the lynx's sandy coat 40 00:03:15,505 --> 00:03:18,405 能与灌木岩石完美融合 allows it to camouflage amid brush and rock. 41 00:03:22,443 --> 00:03:24,825 猞猁通常昼伏夜出 Lynx are generally nocturnal. 42 00:03:24,894 --> 00:03:26,078 但冬季时 这些独行猎手 But in the winter, these solitary cats 43 00:03:26,102 --> 00:03:29,209 会在日间活动 become active during the day. 44 00:03:32,039 --> 00:03:34,938 作为高效猎手 A highly effective predator, 45 00:03:35,007 --> 00:03:40,599 听觉敏锐度是人类八倍 its hearing is eight times sharper than a human's. 46 00:03:40,668 --> 00:03:45,915 硕大眼睛使其昼夜皆能明察秋毫 And its large eyes allow it to see well, night and day, 47 00:03:45,984 --> 00:03:48,918 这些优势助其精准捕猎 advantages it uses to stalk its prey. 48 00:04:01,379 --> 00:04:05,037 欧洲兔原产于伊比利亚半岛 European rabbits evolved here in the Iberian Peninsula. 49 00:04:05,106 --> 00:04:07,557 当地众多捕食者 And many of the region's predators 50 00:04:07,626 --> 00:04:09,559 都以猎兔为生 specialize in hunting them. 51 00:04:21,088 --> 00:04:26,058 它们是饥饿猎手的生命线 They're a lifeline for hungry hunters. 52 00:04:29,959 --> 00:04:33,031 但在半岛北部 如同欧洲其他地区 But in the northern peninsula, like other parts of Europe, 53 00:04:33,100 --> 00:04:35,861 有些地方的捕食平衡 there's a place where the predator-prey balance 54 00:04:35,930 --> 00:04:37,518 已被打破... has been disrupted... 55 00:04:40,625 --> 00:04:43,628 ...生命之链断裂 ...where the circle of life has been broken 56 00:04:43,697 --> 00:04:47,321 猞猁已在此绝迹多年 and where the lynx has not been present for many years. 57 00:04:48,046 --> 00:04:51,429 葡萄牙科阿河谷坐落于 The Côa Valley in Portugal lies nestled 58 00:04:51,498 --> 00:04:54,949 杜罗河与马尔卡塔山脉之间 between the Douro River and the Malcata mountains. 59 00:04:57,435 --> 00:04:59,920 险峻峡谷与辽阔草原 Its dramatic river gorges and vast grasslands 60 00:04:59,989 --> 00:05:01,749 看似生机盎然 may look vibrant. 61 00:05:03,095 --> 00:05:05,822 但随着土地退化 But as the land degraded, 62 00:05:05,891 --> 00:05:10,137 许多动物在此绝迹 many animals disappeared from the area. 63 00:05:10,206 --> 00:05:13,036 捕食者更是罕见 And predators are rarely seen. 64 00:05:14,866 --> 00:05:17,696 科阿河谷亟待荒野重生 The Côa Valley is ripe for rewilding... 65 00:05:24,910 --> 00:05:26,270 ...助本土物种回归... ...helping native species return... 66 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:31,986 ...让自然重掌秩序 ...so nature can take care of itself 67 00:05:32,055 --> 00:05:33,816 恢复应有生机 and work as it's meant to. 68 00:05:36,025 --> 00:05:38,752 葡萄牙的修复工程始于 In Portugal, efforts began 69 00:05:38,821 --> 00:05:42,687 法亚布拉瓦保护区 in the Valley's Faia Brava Reserve. 70 00:05:42,756 --> 00:05:45,552 佩德罗·普拉塔是生物保护学家 Pedro Prata is a conservation biologist 71 00:05:45,621 --> 00:05:49,866 兼葡萄牙荒野重建团队负责人 and the Rewilding Portugal Team Leader. 72 00:05:49,935 --> 00:05:51,074 - 我们的目标是创建 - What we want to achieve 73 00:05:51,143 --> 00:05:52,973 野生动物繁盛的栖息地 is a habitat where wildlife is abundant 74 00:05:53,042 --> 00:05:56,494 让猎物、捕食者与食腐动物 and prey and predator and scavengers 75 00:05:56,563 --> 00:06:00,981 在此和谐共存 can be commonly seen in this landscape. 76 00:06:01,050 --> 00:06:04,778 - 佩德罗团队肩负紧迫使命... - Pedro and his team are on an urgent mission... 77 00:06:04,847 --> 00:06:07,194 从基础重建开始 to start building from the ground up 78 00:06:07,263 --> 00:06:11,543 改造土地 引回野生动物 and transform the land and lure back wildlife, 79 00:06:11,612 --> 00:06:13,407 比如伊比利亚猞猁 like the Iberian lynx. 80 00:06:21,070 --> 00:06:24,936 这场变革的关键... The key to this transformation... 81 00:06:25,005 --> 00:06:27,904 在于食草动物与猎物... is grazers and prey animals... 82 00:06:30,079 --> 00:06:35,533 ...比如西班牙多尼亚纳国家公园的物种 ...like those in Spain's Doñana National Park. 83 00:06:35,602 --> 00:06:41,262 马鹿等大型食草动物塑造着这里的地貌 Here, large herbivores, like red deer, help shape the landscape. 84 00:06:41,331 --> 00:06:44,058 持续啃食形成开阔草场 Their constant grazing creates open meadows, 85 00:06:44,127 --> 00:06:47,027 为小型动物提供食物 which makes food available for smaller animals. 86 00:06:53,827 --> 00:06:57,244 雌鹿聚集在水草丰美之处 Female red deer gather at the best grazing sites 87 00:06:57,313 --> 00:06:58,313 食物充沛之地 where food is plentiful. 88 00:07:01,110 --> 00:07:05,804 交配季时 机敏雄鹿会寻找这些开阔草场 In mating season, savvy males seek out these open meadows. 89 00:07:12,086 --> 00:07:17,160 强势雄鹿会圈占发情雌鹿 A dominant male tries to round up fertile females 90 00:07:17,229 --> 00:07:19,749 组建后宫 to create a harem. 91 00:07:28,068 --> 00:07:29,828 它锲而不舍... He's persistent... 92 00:07:37,318 --> 00:07:39,320 ...吼声彰显统治力... ...roaring to show his dominance... 93 00:07:44,878 --> 00:07:48,916 ...吐舌捕捉雌鹿费洛蒙 ...and flicking his tongue to catch scent of their pheromones. 94 00:07:59,133 --> 00:08:02,551 吼声是对其他成年雄鹿 His roaring is a warning to other mature males 95 00:08:02,620 --> 00:08:04,622 与潜在竞争者的警告 and potential competitors. 96 00:08:06,762 --> 00:08:10,179 最终 它的努力得到回报 Finally, his hard work pays off. 97 00:08:15,391 --> 00:08:18,049 科阿河谷因野生食草动物消失 In the Côa Valley, the loss of wild herbivores 98 00:08:18,118 --> 00:08:20,879 遭受巨大冲击 has had a huge impact. 99 00:08:20,948 --> 00:08:24,089 如今连牲畜群也在消失 And now livestock herds are vanishing, too. 100 00:08:26,402 --> 00:08:30,061 与鹿群相似 牲畜需要持续进食 Just like deer, livestock animals graze constantly. 101 00:08:33,064 --> 00:08:36,964 每只羊每日进食量约为体重2%... Each sheep eats about 2% of its body weight per day... 102 00:08:43,246 --> 00:08:45,386 ...这意味着它们一生中 ...which means they spend most of their life 103 00:08:45,455 --> 00:08:46,974 大多时间都在进食 tucking into greenery. 104 00:08:54,016 --> 00:08:58,192 持续啃食最终形成开阔地... This constant eating eventually creates open spaces... 105 00:09:00,678 --> 00:09:02,783 ...为其他动物提供 ...which can provide micro-habitats 106 00:09:02,852 --> 00:09:04,198 微型栖息地 for other animals. 107 00:09:08,824 --> 00:09:13,380 当家畜从这片土地消失 But as domestic animals disappear from the landscape, 108 00:09:13,449 --> 00:09:16,038 灌木迅速占据荒野 brush and scrub quickly takes over. 109 00:09:23,528 --> 00:09:26,013 科阿河谷的土地荒废率 The Côa Valley has some of the highest rates 110 00:09:26,082 --> 00:09:29,292 居欧洲前列 of land abandonment in Europe. 111 00:09:29,361 --> 00:09:32,951 当农民离开乡村前往城市 As farmers left the countryside to start lives in the city, 112 00:09:33,020 --> 00:09:34,712 牲畜也随之消失 livestock disappeared. 113 00:09:36,783 --> 00:09:40,441 曾经开阔的土地彻底改变 Land that was once clear transformed. 114 00:09:40,510 --> 00:09:43,272 重新生长的茂密灌木 The dense shrubs and bushes that grow back 115 00:09:43,341 --> 00:09:46,102 限制了植物多样性 limit the variety of plants and trees that can grow. 116 00:09:46,171 --> 00:09:49,036 导致野生动物减少 And that leads to less wildlife. 117 00:09:54,835 --> 00:09:57,389 还会产生干燥灌木丛 It also produces dry brush, 118 00:09:57,458 --> 00:10:00,634 助长毁灭性野火... which helps fuel devastating wildfires... 119 00:10:02,532 --> 00:10:06,260 ...比如西班牙南部的这场大火 ...like the one in southern Spain. 120 00:10:06,329 --> 00:10:13,095 2017年6月 多尼亚纳国家公园附近突发森林火灾 In June 2017, a forest fire began near Doñana National Park. 121 00:10:14,544 --> 00:10:15,856 火势迅速蔓延 It quickly spread. 122 00:10:19,101 --> 00:10:21,966 消防员彻夜奋战 Firefighters tackled the blaze throughout the night. 123 00:10:27,419 --> 00:10:30,940 但天亮时 败局已定 But by daybreak, it was clear they were losing the battle. 124 00:10:35,013 --> 00:10:37,947 埃尔阿塞布切猞猁繁育中心 The El Acebuche Lynx Breeding Centre 125 00:10:38,016 --> 00:10:41,813 正位于火线上 stood directly in the fire's path. 126 00:10:41,882 --> 00:10:45,127 这是伊比利亚五座猞猁繁育基地之一 It's one of five lynx breeding centers in Iberia. 127 00:10:45,196 --> 00:10:47,923 2002年时 In the year 2002, 128 00:10:47,992 --> 00:10:53,722 全球仅存94只伊比利亚猞猁 there were only 94 Iberian lynx left on the planet. 129 00:10:53,791 --> 00:10:56,897 西班牙政府启动人工繁育计划 The Spanish government started a program to breed cubs 130 00:10:56,966 --> 00:10:59,520 通过野化放归 that could be released to live wild 131 00:10:59,589 --> 00:11:01,868 拯救这一濒危物种 and save the cat from extinction. 132 00:11:03,041 --> 00:11:06,044 火势逼近时 繁育中心人员 As the fire approached, staff at the breeding center 133 00:11:06,113 --> 00:11:09,876 做出史无前例的决定 took the unprecedented decision 134 00:11:09,945 --> 00:11:11,774 转移猞猁 to evacuate the lynx. 135 00:11:13,569 --> 00:11:18,332 猞猁分居独立兽舍 The cats are housed in individual dens. 136 00:11:18,401 --> 00:11:20,783 与人类接触有限 They have limited contact with people, 137 00:11:20,852 --> 00:11:22,060 戒心极重 so they're cautious, 138 00:11:22,129 --> 00:11:25,443 捕捉难度极高 which makes catching them difficult. 139 00:11:33,969 --> 00:11:35,798 获救猞猁包括 Among the cats evacuated 140 00:11:35,867 --> 00:11:39,043 荷马和它五周大的两只幼崽 were Homer and her two 5-week-old cubs. 141 00:11:45,049 --> 00:11:47,430 工作人员成功捕获三者 Staff managed to catch the three 142 00:11:47,499 --> 00:11:50,606 转移至安全区域 and move them to safety outside the fire zone. 143 00:12:00,547 --> 00:12:02,135 燃烧三天后 After burning for three days, 144 00:12:02,204 --> 00:12:07,243 火势终得控制 the fire was finally brought under control. 145 00:12:07,312 --> 00:12:10,108 森林火灾本是自然现象 Forest fires are natural processes. 146 00:12:13,077 --> 00:12:15,838 但此次火势如此猛烈 But this fire's intensity was fueled 147 00:12:15,907 --> 00:12:17,046 皆因缺乏食草动物 by an ungrazed landscape. 148 00:12:25,365 --> 00:12:28,851 所幸繁育中心幸免于难 Fortunately, the breeding center was spared. 149 00:12:28,920 --> 00:12:34,615 但并非所有转移猞猁都熬过这场劫难 But not all of the evacuated lynx survived the ordeal. 150 00:12:34,684 --> 00:12:39,103 2017年西班牙南部野火过后 In the aftermath of a 2017 wildfire in southern Spain, 151 00:12:39,172 --> 00:12:42,658 工作人员返回猞猁繁育中心 staff returned to the Iberian Lynx Breeding Centre 152 00:12:42,727 --> 00:12:45,626 却迎来噩耗 and to devastating news. 153 00:12:45,695 --> 00:12:49,147 母猞猁荷马在转运途中死亡 One of the lynx, Homer, died in transit. 154 00:12:49,216 --> 00:12:52,426 产后本就虚弱 Already weak after giving birth to cubs, 155 00:12:52,495 --> 00:12:56,154 转移压力成为致命一击 the stress of the move proved too much for her. 156 00:12:56,223 --> 00:13:01,677 帕科·比利亚埃斯佩萨是繁育中心主任 Paco Villaespesa is the director of the breeding center. 157 00:13:08,097 --> 00:13:11,687 - 荷马的两只幼崽奥斯陆与奥皮拉诺 - Homer's two little cubs, Oslo and Opilano, 158 00:13:11,756 --> 00:13:13,076 在最脆弱时失去母亲 lost her at a very vulnerable age. 159 00:13:19,626 --> 00:13:21,524 若人工喂养幼崽 If her cubs are hand-fed, 160 00:13:21,593 --> 00:13:23,526 它们将难返荒野 there's little chance they can live wild, 161 00:13:23,595 --> 00:13:26,288 终身被困牢笼 and they'll spend their lives in captivity. 162 00:13:36,298 --> 00:13:40,233 这意味着幼崽仍有野化希望 And this meant the cubs still had a chance of living wild. 163 00:13:44,547 --> 00:13:48,379 伊比利亚猞猁通常在3-4月生产 Iberian lynx generally give birth between March and April. 164 00:13:52,590 --> 00:13:53,902 平均每胎三崽 The average litter size is three, 165 00:13:53,971 --> 00:13:58,182 但断奶后存活极少超过两只 but rarely do more than two cubs survive weaning. 166 00:14:00,632 --> 00:14:05,465 幼崽会跟随母亲生活10个月 They stay with mom until they're about 10 months old. 167 00:14:05,534 --> 00:14:08,088 大部分时间都在嬉戏 And they spend most of the time playing. 168 00:14:15,095 --> 00:14:18,650 看似玩耍打闹 It may look like fun and games, 169 00:14:18,719 --> 00:14:22,171 实则在磨练野外生存技能 but this helps the cubs develop skills they need in the wild. 170 00:14:24,725 --> 00:14:26,141 同胞间的嬉戏 Play between siblings 171 00:14:26,210 --> 00:14:28,937 能强化社会联结... strengthens their social bonds... 172 00:14:31,249 --> 00:14:32,975 ...锻炼繁殖狩猎所需的 ...and develops physical abilities 173 00:14:33,044 --> 00:14:34,701 身体素质 for breeding and hunting. 174 00:14:48,508 --> 00:14:52,961 幼崽四周大时开始食肉 At 4 weeks old, cubs start eating meat. 175 00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:56,102 成年猞猁每日需600-1000卡路里... A lynx needs between 600 and 1,000 calories a day... 176 00:14:59,243 --> 00:15:00,106 ...相当于 ...about the same amount of energy 177 00:15:00,175 --> 00:15:03,350 一只野兔的热量 contained in a single rabbit. 178 00:15:05,076 --> 00:15:09,632 母猞猁每日需捕获数只野兔 A mother lynx will need to catch several rabbits each day 179 00:15:09,701 --> 00:15:12,014 才能养活全家 to feed herself and her cubs. 180 00:15:20,505 --> 00:15:25,752 野兔虽小 却是生态基石 They may be small, but rabbits prop up the entire ecosystem. 181 00:15:27,478 --> 00:15:31,309 它们啃食杂草促进新植生长 Their grazing clears the ground so new plants can grow. 182 00:15:35,555 --> 00:15:37,798 野兔还是 Rabbits also make a tasty meal 183 00:15:37,867 --> 00:15:40,560 伊比利亚众猎手的佳肴 for a range of Iberian predators. 184 00:15:43,287 --> 00:15:44,633 因此它们进化出 So their excellent hearing, 185 00:15:44,702 --> 00:15:48,119 能捕捉三公里外声响的敏锐听觉 which captures sound from up to three kilometers away, 186 00:15:48,188 --> 00:15:52,123 在饿狼环伺时... comes in handy when hungry wolf... 187 00:15:52,192 --> 00:15:55,540 狐狸出没处... and fox are nearby... 188 00:16:02,478 --> 00:16:05,654 ...乃至西班牙帝雕的领地 ...as well as the Spanish imperial eagle, 189 00:16:05,723 --> 00:16:08,588 都至关重要 which favors anywhere with rabbits. 190 00:16:11,522 --> 00:16:13,144 与猞猁相似 Just like the lynx, 191 00:16:13,213 --> 00:16:15,146 野兔占帝雕食谱过半 more than half of the eagle's diet is rabbit. 192 00:16:18,184 --> 00:16:21,049 帝雕是伊比利亚众多 The eagle is one of Iberia's many predators 193 00:16:21,118 --> 00:16:24,569 仰赖野兔生存的猎手之一 that rely on rabbits to survive. 194 00:16:33,958 --> 00:16:39,722 然而野兔种群突然崩溃 But then the rabbit population crashed. 195 00:16:39,791 --> 00:16:42,484 欧洲野兔曾泛滥成灾 Rabbits were once so numerous across Europe, 196 00:16:42,553 --> 00:16:45,487 沦为农业害兽 they became an agricultural pest. 197 00:16:45,556 --> 00:16:50,181 人类遂引入黏液瘤病毒 So humans introduced a virus... myxomatosis. 198 00:16:50,250 --> 00:16:57,154 疫情失控导致欧洲九成野兔死亡 It ran out of control and killed 90% of Europe's rabbits. 199 00:16:57,223 --> 00:16:59,225 帝雕等食肉动物 Carnivores like the imperial eagle 200 00:16:59,294 --> 00:17:01,330 开始转向其他猎物 started taking other prey. 201 00:17:02,193 --> 00:17:05,403 但并非所有猎手都能适应 But not all predators could adjust, 202 00:17:05,472 --> 00:17:07,095 种群数量锐减 and their numbers plummeted. 203 00:17:11,616 --> 00:17:14,240 为引猎手重返科阿河谷 To lure predators back to the Côa Valley, 204 00:17:14,309 --> 00:17:16,690 需先重建野兔种群 the area needs rabbits. 205 00:17:21,592 --> 00:17:23,835 不同于直接引入 Rather than reintroducing them, 206 00:17:23,904 --> 00:17:26,148 佩德罗选择壮大现存种群 Pedro wants to build up the existing population, 207 00:17:26,217 --> 00:17:31,636 这些野兔已对致命病毒产生抗性 one that has an inbuilt resistance to the deadly virus. 208 00:17:31,705 --> 00:17:35,778 但估算河谷现有野兔数量 But even estimating the Côa Valley's rabbit population 209 00:17:35,847 --> 00:17:37,263 已非易事 is a challenge. 210 00:17:37,332 --> 00:17:42,613 - 这里有些野兔粪便 - So there's some droppings of rabbit. 211 00:17:42,682 --> 00:17:46,237 数量不多 应该刚留下 Only a few, so it's recent. 212 00:17:46,306 --> 00:17:47,352 - 这是重要发现... - It's an important discovery... 213 00:17:47,376 --> 00:17:50,138 证明该区域确有野兔 proof that rabbits are in the area. 214 00:17:50,207 --> 00:17:52,347 - 看 - See? 215 00:17:52,416 --> 00:17:54,763 这属于成年兔 这些是幼兔 So this would be an adult, and this would be a younger one, 216 00:17:54,832 --> 00:17:56,903 两种不同体型 two different ages. 217 00:17:56,972 --> 00:18:01,632 - 附近潜在巢穴解释了原因 - A potential den site nearby explains why. 218 00:18:01,701 --> 00:18:03,530 - 这里有碎石 - There's rocks... loose rocks. 219 00:18:03,599 --> 00:18:05,532 灌木丛生 There's bramble and bush, 220 00:18:05,601 --> 00:18:08,949 适合挖洞繁殖 and so they can do their burrows and breed. 221 00:18:09,018 --> 00:18:11,469 - 为促进野兔繁殖 - To encourage the rabbits to breed, 222 00:18:11,538 --> 00:18:15,197 佩德罗搭建庇护所 Pedro builds them shelters. 223 00:18:15,266 --> 00:18:18,925 这些设施提供安全空间 These provide safe spaces for rabbits to hide from predators 224 00:18:18,994 --> 00:18:20,754 供野兔藏身育幼 and raise their young. 225 00:18:24,413 --> 00:18:26,001 红外相机... Camera traps... 226 00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:28,831 将记录到访动物 will catch any animals that come to the site. 227 00:18:33,664 --> 00:18:35,838 这是个开端 It's a start. 228 00:18:35,907 --> 00:18:37,288 充满希望的开始 And a promising one. 229 00:18:37,357 --> 00:18:40,153 毕竟它们繁殖如兔 Because these guys breed like rabbits. 230 00:18:42,707 --> 00:18:45,262 其他物种也会利用这些庇护所 Other species make use of the shelters. 231 00:18:45,331 --> 00:18:48,989 成为鸟类理想栖息点... They're ideal perches for birds... 232 00:18:49,058 --> 00:18:51,716 夜行猎手的 and the perfect resting spot... 233 00:18:51,785 --> 00:18:53,822 完美休憩处 for nighttime hunters. 234 00:18:59,621 --> 00:19:02,141 伊比利亚半岛有两种刺猬 Two species of hedgehog make their home in Iberia. 235 00:19:05,696 --> 00:19:07,111 这些独居的夜行杂食动物 These solitary, nocturnal omnivores 236 00:19:07,180 --> 00:19:11,184 每夜觅食范围超一公里 cover more than a kilometer a night foraging for food. 237 00:19:16,810 --> 00:19:20,918 全身布满数千根中空刺毛 They're covered in thousands of sharp spines, hollow hairs, 238 00:19:20,987 --> 00:19:24,542 是抵御天敌的武器 which are their defense against predators. 239 00:19:26,682 --> 00:19:31,377 依靠敏锐嗅觉与听觉 Relying on their senses of smell and hearing, 240 00:19:31,446 --> 00:19:34,276 搜寻蛞蝓蜗牛等无脊椎动物 they search for invertebrates, like slugs and snails... 241 00:19:38,004 --> 00:19:41,525 ...是美味的午夜点心 ...which make a tasty midnight snack. 242 00:19:54,676 --> 00:19:57,955 西班牙南部 两只因野火成为孤儿的幼崽 In southern Spain, two cubs orphaned by the wildfire 243 00:19:58,024 --> 00:20:03,374 急需成年猞猁照料 urgently need the care of an adult lynx. 244 00:20:03,443 --> 00:20:06,515 但现有雌猞猁皆无法收养 But with no female available to take them on, 245 00:20:06,584 --> 00:20:09,277 团队做出破天荒决定 the team makes an unprecedented decision. 246 00:20:11,348 --> 00:20:16,560 从未有雄性猞猁养育幼崽的先例 A male lynx has never been known to raise cubs. 247 00:20:16,629 --> 00:20:18,493 团队计划将幼崽 But the team plans to place the little cubs 248 00:20:18,562 --> 00:20:20,943 交给生父埃斯帕托 with their father, Esparto, 249 00:20:21,012 --> 00:20:25,534 期盼它能担起养育之责 hoping he'll step up and care for them. 250 00:20:25,603 --> 00:20:29,987 只需等待合适时机 They just need to wait for the right moment. 251 00:20:30,056 --> 00:20:34,509 繁育中心力求避免人工喂养 The breeding center's goal is to avoid hand-raising the cubs 252 00:20:34,578 --> 00:20:35,924 确保幼崽未来能回归荒野 so they can live wild one day. 253 00:20:39,445 --> 00:20:42,068 在为猞猁野化做准备的同时... While the lynx are prepared for a life in the wild... 254 00:20:42,137 --> 00:20:46,521 荒野也需做好接纳它们的准备 the wild also needs to be prepared to support them. 255 00:20:51,111 --> 00:20:55,323 防范野火是关键措施 A key measure is preventing wildfires. 256 00:20:55,392 --> 00:20:59,879 葡萄牙森林火灾发生率居欧洲前列 Portugal has one of the highest forest-fire rates in Europe. 257 00:20:59,948 --> 00:21:02,330 伊比利亚干燥炎夏 In Iberia's dry, hot summers, 258 00:21:02,399 --> 00:21:05,056 植被极易引燃 this vegetation becomes a tinderbox. 259 00:21:07,058 --> 00:21:10,959 当地团队却以火... But local groups fight fire... 260 00:21:11,028 --> 00:21:12,271 攻火 with fire. 261 00:21:14,411 --> 00:21:17,931 通过焚烧战略区域制造防火带 Strategic areas are burned to create fire breaks. 262 00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,451 此类可控焚烧 These controlled burns 263 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:24,421 产生的热量仅为野火的十分之一... produce 10 times less heat than wildfires... 264 00:21:24,490 --> 00:21:28,356 植物根系与土壤不受破坏... meaning that plant roots and soil remain undamaged... 265 00:21:30,772 --> 00:21:33,706 ...同时清除干燥茂密植被 ...while dry and dense vegetation is burned away. 266 00:21:40,609 --> 00:21:43,025 焚烧还为土地带来额外益处 Burning brings other benefits to the land, 267 00:21:43,094 --> 00:21:47,789 野生动物技术员若昂·夸德拉多解释道 as wildlife technician Joao Quadrado explains. 268 00:21:47,858 --> 00:21:52,828 - 这里将成为野生动物的绿洲 - This will become like an oasis for wildlife. 269 00:21:52,897 --> 00:21:55,383 - 焚烧通过为新物种腾出空间 - These burns increase biodiversity 270 00:21:55,452 --> 00:21:59,801 提升生物多样性 by making space for new species to grow. 271 00:21:59,870 --> 00:22:01,734 - 焚烧仅数周后 - Just a few weeks after the fire, 272 00:22:01,803 --> 00:22:04,978 已可见植被复苏 we can already see some vegetation growing up. 273 00:22:05,047 --> 00:22:06,980 根系与土壤水分 Roots and the water that's in the ground, 274 00:22:07,049 --> 00:22:09,638 完全未受影响 it's completely untouched 275 00:22:09,707 --> 00:22:12,814 植物得以快速生长 and available for the plants to grow fast. 276 00:22:15,955 --> 00:22:18,509 - 可控焚烧既能保护 - Controlled burns protect and revitalize 277 00:22:18,578 --> 00:22:20,131 又能活化局部土地 small patches of land. 278 00:22:25,136 --> 00:22:28,519 但更大区域需要不同方案... But larger areas need a different approach... 279 00:22:30,245 --> 00:22:31,833 ...大型食草动物 ...big herbivores, 280 00:22:31,902 --> 00:22:34,422 如伊比利亚国家公园里的那些 like those in Iberia's national parks, 281 00:22:34,491 --> 00:22:37,010 通过啃食灌木清理土地 to eat the scrub and clear the land, 282 00:22:37,079 --> 00:22:39,461 形成天然防火带 creating natural fire breaks. 283 00:22:42,637 --> 00:22:45,950 加拉诺野马是当地古老品种 Garrano wild horses, an ancient local breed, 284 00:22:46,019 --> 00:22:48,884 由"野化欧洲"团队重新引入 were reintroduced by Rewilding Europe, 285 00:22:48,953 --> 00:22:50,955 现有30匹驰骋科阿河谷 and now 30 roam the Côa Valley. 286 00:22:59,964 --> 00:23:02,001 除了清除多余灌木 Along with grazing unwanted scrub, 287 00:23:02,070 --> 00:23:05,073 它们还带来软性效益 they also provide soft benefits, 288 00:23:05,142 --> 00:23:07,731 可能引发连锁反应 which can unleash a chain reaction. 289 00:23:13,081 --> 00:23:15,463 凭借强大嗅觉 Using its powerful sense of smell, 290 00:23:15,532 --> 00:23:18,017 这只蜣螂定位到新鲜马粪 this dung beetle locates fresh horse droppings 291 00:23:18,086 --> 00:23:21,054 将其滚成粪球 and rolls it into balls. 292 00:23:25,231 --> 00:23:29,235 常能推动超自身重量千倍的粪球 Often transporting more than 1,000 times its own body weight, 293 00:23:29,304 --> 00:23:32,687 蜣螂长途搬运... the beetle moves the ball over vast distances... 294 00:23:37,243 --> 00:23:40,419 ...沿途散落种子 ...leaving behind seeds as he goes. 295 00:23:43,249 --> 00:23:46,977 它将粪球埋入地下 既肥沃土壤 He buries the dung ball, which fertilizes the soil 296 00:23:47,046 --> 00:23:49,013 又促进植物生长 and helps other plants to grow. 297 00:23:53,017 --> 00:23:56,780 昆虫对健康生态系统 Insects are essential for a healthy ecosystem 298 00:23:56,849 --> 00:23:59,230 及半岛众多猎手... and for many of the peninsula's predators... 299 00:24:03,718 --> 00:24:06,306 ...如伊比利亚小鸮 ...like Iberia's little owl. 300 00:24:13,590 --> 00:24:19,492 这种20厘米高的迷你猫头鹰偏爱开阔乡野 These tiny owls, 20 centimeters tall, favor open countryside. 301 00:24:22,322 --> 00:24:25,084 它白昼狩猎 居高临下扫描地面 She hunts in daylight, perching up high to scan the ground below 302 00:24:25,153 --> 00:24:28,225 捕捉小型哺乳动物与昆虫 for small mammals and insects. 303 00:24:29,157 --> 00:24:33,851 喂养饥饿幼雏时必须保持警觉 She needs to be alert when there's a hungry brood to feed. 304 00:24:36,267 --> 00:24:39,616 小鸮在树洞产卵 Little owls lay their eggs in tree hollows. 305 00:24:39,685 --> 00:24:42,688 雏鸟一月后破壳 数周内 Chicks hatch a month later and, within weeks, 306 00:24:42,757 --> 00:24:45,932 便聚在巢口乞食 gather at the nest's entrance, calling for food. 307 00:24:49,280 --> 00:24:51,559 满月方能离巢 They won't fledge until they're a month old 308 00:24:51,628 --> 00:24:54,769 再经一月才可独立 and aren't independent till a month after that. 309 00:25:00,015 --> 00:25:03,571 在此期间完全依赖父母投喂 Until then, they rely on their parents for food 310 00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:06,159 无论昼夜... at any time of day... 311 00:25:06,228 --> 00:25:07,298 随时 or night. 312 00:25:13,166 --> 00:25:16,756 终于等来晚餐 Dinner at last. 313 00:25:16,825 --> 00:25:18,344 美味无比！ And it's delicious! 314 00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:34,325 "野化葡萄牙"团队另一举措 Another initiative by the Rewilding Portugal team 315 00:25:34,394 --> 00:25:36,949 正助力物种回归 is helping creatures return to the area. 316 00:25:39,745 --> 00:25:41,885 保护区内建造了 Artificial ponds have been established 317 00:25:41,954 --> 00:25:43,024 多处人工池塘 throughout the reserve. 318 00:25:46,061 --> 00:25:48,788 既为动物解渴 These provide water for thirsty animals 319 00:25:48,857 --> 00:25:50,307 又成某些物种家园 and habitats for others. 320 00:25:56,037 --> 00:25:59,040 两栖动物与昆虫 Amphibians and insects are attracted 321 00:25:59,109 --> 00:26:01,145 被潮湿环境吸引... to the humid, moist conditions... 322 00:26:06,944 --> 00:26:09,947 ...以及池畔茂盛植被 ...and the plant life that thrives on the edge of the pond. 323 00:26:12,156 --> 00:26:14,814 本地蛙类的理想居所 Which is ideal for the local frogs. 324 00:26:16,816 --> 00:26:18,266 它们可悠闲休憩... They can chill out... 325 00:26:20,717 --> 00:26:23,616 ...不费力气饱餐一顿 ...and catch a meal with minimal effort. 326 00:26:27,102 --> 00:26:29,449 除常见物种外 Along with the usual suspects, 327 00:26:29,518 --> 00:26:33,488 这些小型却至关重要的水域... these small but essential bodies of water... 328 00:26:33,557 --> 00:26:35,835 还滋养多种鸟类... support a range of birds... 329 00:26:44,326 --> 00:26:48,123 ...它们以池塘生物为食 ...who can prey on the pond's inhabitants. 330 00:26:53,784 --> 00:26:56,684 通过引动物回归科阿河谷 By bringing animals back to the Côa Valley, 331 00:26:56,753 --> 00:26:59,825 自然生态得以重启 natural processes can begin to work again. 332 00:27:02,759 --> 00:27:05,002 "野化欧洲"团队引入的野马 The wild horses that the Rewilding Europe team 333 00:27:05,071 --> 00:27:07,522 已通过啃食 has introduced 334 00:27:07,591 --> 00:27:10,042 逐步改变地貌 are already transforming the landscape with their appetites. 335 00:27:12,769 --> 00:27:14,874 但需要更多力量... But they need more muscle... 336 00:27:14,943 --> 00:27:17,014 更多帮手 and more mouths. 337 00:27:17,083 --> 00:27:23,020 科学目光转向已灭绝物种 So science is turning to a once-extinct species. 338 00:27:23,089 --> 00:27:27,887 科阿博物馆的洞穴壁画复制品展示着原牛 At the Côa Museum, copies of cave art show the aurochs, 339 00:27:27,956 --> 00:27:29,509 这种已灭绝的野牛 an extinct wild cow 340 00:27:29,578 --> 00:27:32,858 曾塑造整个欧洲的地貌 which once shaped the landscape of all of Europe. 341 00:27:32,927 --> 00:27:36,171 - 这些壁画精准呈现了 - What you see here actually is a pretty good representation 342 00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:37,552 原牛特征 of what an aurochs was. 343 00:27:37,621 --> 00:27:39,761 体型极其庞大 It was a huge animal. 344 00:27:39,830 --> 00:27:44,939 背部典型弯曲并带白色条纹 They also had this typically curved back with a white stripe. 345 00:27:45,008 --> 00:27:47,251 我们认为实际体型更精瘦 We think the animals were a bit more slenderly built 346 00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:49,115 适合奔跑 because they were made for running. 347 00:27:49,184 --> 00:27:52,947 - 狩猎与栖息地丧失迫使原牛 - Hunting and habitat loss pushed these creatures 348 00:27:53,016 --> 00:27:55,225 退至欧洲偏远森林 to remote European forests, 349 00:27:55,294 --> 00:27:58,953 最后一只于1627年死亡 where the last aurochs died in 1627. 350 00:28:02,301 --> 00:28:05,960 但它们的DNA痕迹得以留存 But traces of their DNA were left behind. 351 00:28:06,029 --> 00:28:09,446 科学家借此机会培育出 And with it, scientists had a chance to create an animal 352 00:28:09,515 --> 00:28:12,518 近似原牛的物种 that resembled the aurochs. 353 00:28:12,587 --> 00:28:16,936 - 欧洲各地出土大量原牛骨骼 - There are so many aurochs skeletons everywhere in Europe. 354 00:28:17,005 --> 00:28:20,595 但需要高质量古DNA But you need to have high-quality ancient DNA, 355 00:28:20,664 --> 00:28:23,115 团队在英国洞穴发现 and they found a skeleton in a cave in the U.K. 356 00:28:23,184 --> 00:28:27,119 保存完好的骨骼... which was... where the bones are very good conserved 357 00:28:27,188 --> 00:28:30,847 成功提取足量DNA and they could extract quite good amount of DNA. 358 00:28:30,916 --> 00:28:34,436 - 对8000年前原牛骨骼 - Bones from an 8,000-year-old aurochs skeleton 359 00:28:34,505 --> 00:28:37,060 进行基因测序 were sequenced to extract DNA. 360 00:28:37,129 --> 00:28:39,925 获得的遗传物质 The genetic material revealed 361 00:28:39,994 --> 00:28:42,134 可与现代野牛品种 can then be compared against DNA samples 362 00:28:42,203 --> 00:28:44,550 的DNA样本比对 from modern breeds of wild cows. 363 00:28:47,070 --> 00:28:50,245 科学家借此筛选出 This way, scientists can find different breeds 364 00:28:50,314 --> 00:28:53,110 具有原牛特征的品种 that have similar traits to the aurochs. 365 00:28:53,179 --> 00:28:56,010 - 若要复活灭绝物种 - So, if you want to go back to an extinct species, 366 00:28:56,079 --> 00:28:59,116 需全面考察特征... you want to go and look for all the traits... 367 00:28:59,185 --> 00:29:01,878 角型大小 毛色深浅 horn size, coat colors. 368 00:29:01,947 --> 00:29:03,027 我们溯源传统品种 And then we're going back to the traditional breeds, 369 00:29:03,051 --> 00:29:05,226 原始牛种 the primitive breeds. 370 00:29:05,295 --> 00:29:07,855 古老外形意味着保留着古老基因 If they have also ancient looks, they also have ancient material. 371 00:29:07,918 --> 00:29:11,266 比如这个品种角型优美 And then we say, "Okay, this breed has these nice horns, 372 00:29:11,335 --> 00:29:12,785 极具价值 which is interesting. 373 00:29:12,854 --> 00:29:15,005 可与其他品种杂交 And if we use that breed, we can use it with these and these 374 00:29:15,029 --> 00:29:17,076 这种皮质优良... and these breeds, 'cause this has nice hair... skin color. 375 00:29:17,100 --> 00:29:20,379 那种毛色出众 Another one has a nice hair color thing. 376 00:29:20,448 --> 00:29:23,554 另有品种体型高大 The other one has the height, which is very nice." 377 00:29:25,073 --> 00:29:28,042 我们尝试组合这些特征 So all these kind of things we try to combine 378 00:29:28,111 --> 00:29:30,078 进行杂交培育 and then we can make crosses. 379 00:29:32,909 --> 00:29:35,290 目标并非复原原牛 The goal is not to create back the aurochs, 380 00:29:35,359 --> 00:29:38,535 而是培育出 but to create or to bring back an animal 381 00:29:38,604 --> 00:29:40,571 能独立生存的物种 which is self-sufficient. 382 00:29:49,546 --> 00:29:53,101 - 如今在阿姆斯特丹郊外100公里处 - Today, 100 kilometers outside Amsterdam, 383 00:29:53,170 --> 00:29:56,449 科学家正在重建这个灭绝物种 scientists are rebuilding this extinct species. 384 00:29:59,004 --> 00:30:02,179 通过杂交携带原牛基因的家牛 By crossbreeding cattle that carry aurochs genes, 385 00:30:02,248 --> 00:30:06,080 他们培育出新品种野牛... they're creating a new breed of wild cow... 386 00:30:06,149 --> 00:30:08,599 陶罗斯牛 the Tauros. 387 00:30:08,668 --> 00:30:10,094 - 现存不少牛种 - There are still quite a few cattle breeds around 388 00:30:10,118 --> 00:30:13,087 保留原牛诸多特征 with a lot of features of aurochs. 389 00:30:13,156 --> 00:30:16,021 我们筛选这些品种进行杂交 We try to find those breeds and get them breeding together 390 00:30:16,090 --> 00:30:18,092 逐步还原出 to find the way back to an animal 391 00:30:18,161 --> 00:30:22,096 最接近原牛的物种 that looks as much like an aurochs as could be. 392 00:30:22,165 --> 00:30:23,373 - 它们食量惊人 - With their massive appetites, 393 00:30:23,442 --> 00:30:27,515 日食草木近10公斤 they eat nearly 10 kilos of vegetation per day. 394 00:30:29,275 --> 00:30:32,175 正是科阿河谷所需 And they're just what the Côa Valley needs. 395 00:30:35,661 --> 00:30:39,216 "野化葡萄牙"已引入20头 Rewilding Portugal already introduced 20 of them. 396 00:30:42,392 --> 00:30:44,428 随着自然繁殖 And with wild births, 397 00:30:44,497 --> 00:30:48,087 现有35头陶罗斯牛生活在大型围场 there are now 35 Tauros living in large corrals. 398 00:30:51,159 --> 00:30:55,025 虽计划最终放归更广阔区域... While the plan is to release them to a wider area... 399 00:30:57,269 --> 00:30:58,718 ...围场可观察 ...the corrals are an opportunity 400 00:30:58,787 --> 00:31:01,135 陶罗斯牛对地貌的影响 to see how Tauros impact the landscape. 401 00:31:09,695 --> 00:31:15,183 这是不足一年内小范围区域的变化 This is the change in one small area in less than a year. 402 00:31:19,153 --> 00:31:22,018 这种新的马赛克地貌 And this new patchwork landscape 403 00:31:22,087 --> 00:31:24,227 为多种动物提供生态位... provides niches for many different animals... 404 00:31:26,229 --> 00:31:30,371 ...比如石鸡 ...like the partridge. 405 00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:34,133 红腿石鸡是当地关键物种 The red-legged partridge is a key species in this ecosystem. 406 00:31:34,202 --> 00:31:37,033 需要多样化栖息地... It needs a varied habitat... 407 00:31:37,102 --> 00:31:42,245 灌丛躲避天敌... brush and bushes where it can hide from predators... 408 00:31:42,314 --> 00:31:45,006 地面筑巢产卵... and make ground nests to lay eggs... 409 00:31:47,457 --> 00:31:51,357 ...以及干燥开阔地觅食种子昆虫 ...and also dry, open areas to feed on seeds and insects. 410 00:31:57,605 --> 00:32:02,575 萨拉·卡斯卡多研究科阿河谷石鸡种群 Sara Cascado studies the Côa Valley partridge population. 411 00:32:02,644 --> 00:32:06,441 这是伊比利亚众多掠食者的主要食物 It's a key food source for many of Iberia's predators. 412 00:32:06,510 --> 00:32:08,202 - 石鸡与野兔 - Partridge, together with rabbit, 413 00:32:08,271 --> 00:32:11,412 支撑着大量捕食者 they have many different animals preying on them, 414 00:32:11,481 --> 00:32:14,829 是食物链核心环节 so they are key in the food chains. 415 00:32:14,898 --> 00:32:17,521 必须保持石鸡种群健康 We really need to have a healthy population of partridges 416 00:32:17,590 --> 00:32:21,077 才能维持生态系统平衡 for the rest of the ecosystem to be healthy, too. 417 00:32:21,146 --> 00:32:27,014 - 萨拉团队着手建立石鸡普查 - So Sara and her team set out to create a partridge census, 418 00:32:27,083 --> 00:32:29,085 但知易行难 which is easier said than done. 419 00:32:34,228 --> 00:32:37,783 当地石鸡数量稀少且行踪隐秘 Partridge numbers here are low, and the birds are elusive. 420 00:32:42,236 --> 00:32:45,135 萨拉需使出浑身解数 So Sara must use every trick at her disposal. 421 00:32:48,242 --> 00:32:51,590 从沙地足迹到鸣叫声 She follows any lead, from prints in the sand 422 00:32:51,659 --> 00:32:53,592 追踪所有线索 to partridge calls. 423 00:32:53,661 --> 00:32:56,112 - 我们观测个体计数 - We spot... like, we observe individuals and count them 424 00:32:56,181 --> 00:32:59,770 鉴定年龄 and identify the age 425 00:32:59,839 --> 00:33:02,739 还通过辨识鸣叫声 and also we listen, like, try to identify the songs, 426 00:33:02,808 --> 00:33:04,189 聆听不同啼鸣 listen to the songs 427 00:33:04,258 --> 00:33:06,458 以此确定种群数量 and also determine the numbers of individuals like that. 428 00:33:09,297 --> 00:33:12,680 这对评估保护措施 It's a very important way to verify the conservation actions 429 00:33:12,749 --> 00:33:16,063 理解种群变化 and also to understand how the changes in the population 430 00:33:16,132 --> 00:33:19,514 如何影响猛禽数量至关重要 can affect also the population of raptors. 431 00:33:19,583 --> 00:33:22,655 - reintroduced"应译为"重新引入"而非"reintroduced" - Herbivores reintroduced here are also doing their part 432 00:33:22,724 --> 00:33:25,313 为石鸡种群创造有利条件 for the partridge population. 433 00:33:25,382 --> 00:33:28,799 - 这些动物减少易燃植被 - These animals help out reducing the amount of vegetation 434 00:33:28,868 --> 00:33:31,595 降低火灾风险 that could potentially burn in case of a fire. 435 00:33:31,664 --> 00:33:34,253 维持开阔地带 They also help maintaining open areas 436 00:33:34,322 --> 00:33:38,775 供石鸡觅食 that partridges can use for feeding. 437 00:33:38,844 --> 00:33:42,365 - 石鸡曾依赖谷物作物为生 - Partridge here once relied heavily on cereal crops. 438 00:33:42,434 --> 00:33:46,714 随着农民撤离 食物来源消失 But as farmers left, this food source disappeared. 439 00:33:46,783 --> 00:33:48,819 石鸡数量锐减... And as partridge numbers dropped... 440 00:33:52,858 --> 00:33:56,413 ...狐狸与鹰等捕食者陷入饥荒 ...predators like fox and eagles had less to feed on. 441 00:34:01,453 --> 00:34:02,453 猞猁亦然 So did the lynx. 442 00:34:06,389 --> 00:34:10,565 母猞猁需为幼崽捕猎 Lynx mothers must hunt for themselves and their young. 443 00:34:10,634 --> 00:34:14,155 需要广阔领地获取足够猎物 They need large territories to find enough prey. 444 00:34:14,224 --> 00:34:18,849 即便如此 喂养幼崽仍是全职工作... Even then, keeping cubs fed is a full-time job... 445 00:34:22,025 --> 00:34:25,615 ...也是幼崽学习的良机 ...and a chance for the little ones to learn. 446 00:34:35,935 --> 00:34:38,593 观摩捕猎是大师课 Watching her hunt is a master class. 447 00:34:48,396 --> 00:34:52,193 幼崽注视下 她悄然潜近猎物... As they look on, she silently stalks her prey... 448 00:34:55,023 --> 00:34:58,165 ...直至进入攻击范围 ...until it's finally in reach. 449 00:35:00,270 --> 00:35:02,134 猛然扑击... Then she pounces... 450 00:35:04,032 --> 00:35:07,484 ...锁喉一击致命 ...killing it with a single bite to the neck. 451 00:35:16,942 --> 00:35:19,876 西班牙这边 两只丧母幼崽 Back in Spain, two little cubs who lost their mother 452 00:35:19,945 --> 00:35:23,293 急需成年猞猁照料 urgently need an adult lynx to care for them 453 00:35:23,362 --> 00:35:25,778 传授生存技能 and teach them. 454 00:35:25,847 --> 00:35:28,540 否则只能人工饲养 Otherwise, they'll have to be raised by humans. 455 00:35:28,609 --> 00:35:32,578 意味着永远失去野化可能 And that means they'll never live wild. 456 00:35:32,647 --> 00:35:33,797 但现有雌猞猁皆无法收养 But with no adult females available, 457 00:35:33,821 --> 00:35:37,618 工作人员制定惊人方案 staff come up with a remarkable plan. 458 00:35:37,687 --> 00:35:39,206 史上首次 For the first time ever, 459 00:35:39,275 --> 00:35:41,242 将幼崽交由父猞猁抚养 lynx cubs will be placed with their father. 460 00:35:50,907 --> 00:35:53,944 团队无法预知父猞猁埃斯帕托 The team has no idea how the cubs' father, Esparto, 461 00:35:54,013 --> 00:35:56,464 的反应 will react. 462 00:35:56,533 --> 00:35:58,466 可能接纳... He could accept them... 463 00:35:58,535 --> 00:35:59,535 或排斥 or reject them. 464 00:36:10,444 --> 00:36:13,343 但它瞬间接纳了幼崽 But he bonds with them instantly. 465 00:36:13,412 --> 00:36:14,586 史上首次记录到 And for the first time ever, 466 00:36:14,655 --> 00:36:18,003 雄性猞猁养育后代 a male lynx is seen parenting his offspring. 467 00:36:18,072 --> 00:36:21,351 它尽职尽责 And he takes the job seriously. 468 00:36:36,711 --> 00:36:39,680 捕猎是圈养猞猁的关键技能 Hunting is a key skill for captive lynx. 469 00:36:47,101 --> 00:36:51,381 学习捕猎是漫长过程... Learning to hunt is a long process... 470 00:36:51,450 --> 00:36:53,487 纵有成年猞猁指导 even with an adult around. 471 00:36:56,835 --> 00:36:59,838 起初它们畏惧猎物 At first they seem intimidated by the prey. 472 00:37:07,397 --> 00:37:10,020 尝试掌握伏击技巧... Then they try to master the art of ambush... 473 00:37:12,368 --> 00:37:14,749 ...初期表现笨拙 ...which doesn't go very well at first. 474 00:37:18,960 --> 00:37:21,446 即便成功接近 And even when they manage to get close, 475 00:37:21,515 --> 00:37:23,448 仍空手而归 they come out empty-handed. 476 00:37:26,899 --> 00:37:29,316 野兔甚至毫无惧色 The rabbit doesn't even look worried. 477 00:37:33,078 --> 00:37:36,495 离独立捕食尚需时日 It will be a while before these guys can catch a meal. 478 00:37:42,018 --> 00:37:47,541 科阿河谷另一种生物也面临觅食困境 Back in the Côa Valley, another species needs help finding food. 479 00:37:49,094 --> 00:37:53,029 秃鹫在陡峭崖壁筑巢 Vultures nest on steep cliffs like these. 480 00:37:53,098 --> 00:37:55,618 既能沐浴阳光... They're perfect for catching rays... 481 00:38:00,036 --> 00:38:03,626 ...又能藏匿珍贵食物躲避天敌 ...and hiding precious treasure from predators. 482 00:38:08,976 --> 00:38:13,014 秃鹫在悬崖平台上产下一枚卵 Here on the cliff's ledges, vultures lay a single egg 483 00:38:13,083 --> 00:38:15,741 精心抚育后代 and tenderly nurture their offspring. 484 00:38:28,064 --> 00:38:31,964 雏鸟练习振翅为离巢做准备... Chicks exercise their wings in preparation for fledging... 485 00:38:34,104 --> 00:38:37,073 ...通常在3-4个月大时离巢 ...which they'll do between 3 and 4 months of age. 486 00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:42,630 但提前练习总没错 But it's never too early to start practicing. 487 00:38:45,495 --> 00:38:46,495 但存在问题 But there's a problem. 488 00:38:49,154 --> 00:38:52,502 由于缺乏捕食者制造猎物 Without any predators around to make kills, 489 00:38:52,571 --> 00:38:55,712 秃鹫没有足够腐肉可食 there's not enough food for the vultures to scavenge. 490 00:38:57,852 --> 00:39:02,098 野化团队建立临时"秃鹫餐厅" So the Rewilding Team sets up temporary vulture restaurants 491 00:39:02,167 --> 00:39:06,067 在野生猎物回归前提供补给 to help the vultures until wild prey and predators return. 492 00:39:09,208 --> 00:39:13,143 看似混乱 实则等级森严 It may look chaotic, but there's a rigid pecking order. 493 00:39:15,525 --> 00:39:18,459 大型秃鹫先撕开尸体 Larger vultures open up the carcasses, 494 00:39:18,528 --> 00:39:20,841 小型鸟类随后进食 allowing smaller birds to feed. 495 00:39:23,740 --> 00:39:28,089 用餐礼仪虽不讲究 Their table manners may leave something to be desired. 496 00:39:28,158 --> 00:39:29,919 但都能吃饱 But everyone is fed. 497 00:39:31,023 --> 00:39:34,475 在捕食者重返科阿河谷前 Until predators return to the Côa Valley, 498 00:39:34,544 --> 00:39:37,754 这些餐厅保障秃鹫生存 these restaurants ensure the vultures' future. 499 00:39:41,309 --> 00:39:44,830 不仅食腐动物需要捕食者 It's not just scavengers that need predators. 500 00:39:44,899 --> 00:39:47,488 橡树林生长也依赖它们 Oak forests rely on them to grow. 501 00:39:49,594 --> 00:39:52,113 秋季橡树结出橡果 In autumn, oak trees produce acorns 502 00:39:52,182 --> 00:39:54,184 落至树底 that fall to the base of the tree. 503 00:40:00,121 --> 00:40:04,505 不会白白浪费 They don't go to waste. 504 00:40:04,574 --> 00:40:08,785 若无捕食者 地中海西岸小鼠 If there are no predators about, the Western Mediterranean mouse 505 00:40:08,854 --> 00:40:10,822 会就地吞食橡果 gobbles them up where they find them. 506 00:40:28,184 --> 00:40:30,566 但若有捕食者在场... But if predators are in the area... 507 00:40:34,190 --> 00:40:38,539 ...小鼠会将橡果带至安全处食用 ...the mice take the acorns far away to eat them in safety 508 00:40:38,608 --> 00:40:40,955 并埋藏洞中 and bury them in burrows. 509 00:40:44,062 --> 00:40:47,790 这些橡果可能长成橡树 These acorns can grow into oak trees 510 00:40:47,859 --> 00:40:50,793 远离母树所在位置 a great distance away from where they fell. 511 00:40:53,761 --> 00:40:57,938 软木橡树因厚树皮得名 是本地原生树种 Named for their thick bark, cork oaks are native to this region. 512 00:40:58,007 --> 00:41:00,665 葡萄牙拥有 And Portugal is home 513 00:41:00,734 --> 00:41:03,046 全球最大软木橡树林 to the largest cork oak forests in the world. 514 00:41:08,293 --> 00:41:11,261 软木比普通树皮更耐火 Cork is more fire-resistant than normal bark, 515 00:41:11,330 --> 00:41:14,989 这些树是天然防火带 so these trees are natural fire breaks. 516 00:41:15,058 --> 00:41:19,891 还维系着200多种动物... They also support more than 200 animal species... 517 00:41:27,968 --> 00:41:29,728 ...及数十种植物 ...and dozens of plants. 518 00:41:29,797 --> 00:41:32,041 - 每棵软木橡树都是微型生态系统 - A cork oak is an ecosystem in itself. 519 00:41:32,110 --> 00:41:36,839 孕育众多物种 It harbors many different species. 520 00:41:36,908 --> 00:41:39,393 多种鸟类在此筑巢 Lots of bird species use it to nest. 521 00:41:39,462 --> 00:41:43,397 软木的各类缝隙 There's all the different crevices of the cork 522 00:41:43,466 --> 00:41:46,676 根系与树冠系统 and the root system and the foliage 523 00:41:46,745 --> 00:41:51,094 为物种创造多样化生存空间 that makes different niches for species to thrive. 524 00:41:51,163 --> 00:41:53,200 - 保护软木橡树 - By protecting cork trees, 525 00:41:53,269 --> 00:41:55,685 野化团队守护着 rewilding teams shield the region 526 00:41:55,754 --> 00:41:58,101 这片区域及其动物 and its animals from fire, 527 00:41:58,170 --> 00:42:03,348 免受火灾侵袭 helping avoid its devastating effects. 528 00:42:03,417 --> 00:42:07,214 西班牙南部野火过去九个月后 In the nine months since the wildfire in southern Spain, 529 00:42:07,283 --> 00:42:09,043 土地开始恢复生机 the land is showing signs of recovery. 530 00:42:12,426 --> 00:42:16,913 10个月大的奥皮拉诺... And 10-month-old cub Opilano... 531 00:42:16,982 --> 00:42:19,260 经父亲教导... taught by his father... 532 00:42:19,329 --> 00:42:20,054 已成合格猎手 is now a hunter. 533 00:42:31,859 --> 00:42:33,689 能自给自足 He can feed himself. 534 00:42:36,139 --> 00:42:39,764 是时候回归自然了 It's time to be set free. 535 00:42:45,321 --> 00:42:47,116 欧洲各地正开展行动 Across Europe, efforts are under way 536 00:42:47,185 --> 00:42:49,221 重建大陆重要栖息地 to rewild huge areas 537 00:42:49,290 --> 00:42:52,017 的大片荒野... of the continent's most important habitats... 538 00:42:54,088 --> 00:42:56,712 ...让关键物种回归 ...allowing key species to return. 539 00:43:04,443 --> 00:43:06,031 西班牙猞猁繁育中心 At the lynx breeding center in Spain, 540 00:43:06,100 --> 00:43:09,932 放归前的猞猁需接受体检 cats ready for release undergo a health check 541 00:43:10,001 --> 00:43:13,694 确保不会传播疾病给野生种群 to ensure they won't pass on any illnesses to wild lynx. 542 00:43:17,077 --> 00:43:18,388 为追踪行踪 To track their movements, 543 00:43:18,457 --> 00:43:20,839 需佩戴GPS项圈 they're fitted with a GPS collar. 544 00:43:23,359 --> 00:43:26,120 野火中丧母的奥皮拉诺 Opilano the cub, who lost his mother in the wildfire, 545 00:43:26,189 --> 00:43:30,297 体检达标 准备放归 has a clean bill of health and is ready for release. 546 00:43:32,886 --> 00:43:35,336 但其兄弟奥斯陆未通过 But his brother, Oslo, fails the test, 547 00:43:35,405 --> 00:43:37,856 需留在繁育中心 forcing him to stay behind at the center. 548 00:43:40,583 --> 00:43:45,105 猞猁放归后可长途迁徙... Once they're freed, lynx can travel great distances... 549 00:43:45,174 --> 00:43:50,144 如2014年放归的雄性猞猁健太郎... like Kentaro, a male lynx that was released in 2014... 550 00:43:53,044 --> 00:43:54,977 ...开启了近千公里 ...where he began an epic journey 551 00:43:55,046 --> 00:43:57,669 的史诗旅程 of nearly 1,000 kilometers. 552 00:44:00,810 --> 00:44:02,467 它最后的踪迹 One of his last locations 553 00:44:02,536 --> 00:44:03,986 出现在科阿河谷 was the Côa Valley. 554 00:44:11,372 --> 00:44:13,754 健太郎的到访带来希望 Kentaro's visit here brings hope 555 00:44:13,823 --> 00:44:16,515 猞猁可能重返此地 that lynx could one day resettle the area. 556 00:44:22,107 --> 00:44:26,077 虽开局良好 结局却令人遗憾 But despite such a promising start, things didn't end well. 557 00:44:29,528 --> 00:44:33,015 抵达科阿河谷九个月后 Just nine months after his journey to the Côa Valley, 558 00:44:33,084 --> 00:44:35,880 健太郎遭遇车祸身亡 Kentaro was struck by a car and killed. 559 00:44:40,229 --> 00:44:42,852 交通事故是伊比利亚猞猁 Traffic is one of the leading causes of death 560 00:44:42,921 --> 00:44:44,405 主要死因之一 for the Iberian lynx. 561 00:44:49,548 --> 00:44:51,136 但希望仍在 But there's hope. 562 00:44:53,311 --> 00:44:55,313 佩德罗团队正在科阿河谷 Pedro and his team are setting up 563 00:44:55,382 --> 00:44:58,178 建立新野化区 new rewilding zones in the Côa Valley. 564 00:45:01,008 --> 00:45:03,079 法亚布拉瓦附近的保护区网络 This network of protected areas near Faia Brava 565 00:45:03,148 --> 00:45:05,979 让动物能安全迁徙 will allow a host of animals to safely migrate, 566 00:45:06,048 --> 00:45:10,224 定居与繁殖 settle, and breed. 567 00:45:10,293 --> 00:45:13,158 今年科阿河谷野化区 This year, the Côa Valley rewilding area 568 00:45:13,227 --> 00:45:19,199 将扩大300%至12万公顷以上... is increasing by 300% to more than 120,000 hectares... 569 00:45:34,248 --> 00:45:36,354 ...期盼有朝一日 ...in the hope that one day 570 00:45:36,423 --> 00:45:40,358 这种神秘猫科动物重返科阿河谷 this elusive cat resettles the Côa Valley. 571 00:45:52,232 --> 00:45:53,992 西班牙南部数月的努力 In southern Spain, months of hard work 572 00:45:54,061 --> 00:45:56,408 即将收获成果 are about to pay off 573 00:45:56,477 --> 00:46:00,585 民众聚集见证伊比利亚猞猁放归 as crowds gather to witness the release of an Iberian lynx. 574 00:46:06,936 --> 00:46:10,526 野火中丧母的幼崽奥皮拉诺 Opilano, the cub who lost his mother in the wildfire, 575 00:46:10,595 --> 00:46:11,976 即将重获自由 is being freed, 576 00:46:12,045 --> 00:46:15,186 如同此前数百只人工繁育猞猁 just like hundreds of captive-bred lynx before him. 577 00:46:40,763 --> 00:46:42,903 奥皮拉诺自由了... Opilano is free... 578 00:46:46,389 --> 00:46:50,946 ...伊比利亚生态系统再添生机 ...another player restored to Iberia's ecosystem. 579 00:47:20,665 --> 00:47:22,322 作为全球最成功的 One of the most successful 580 00:47:22,391 --> 00:47:26,982 野生动物重引入项目之一 wildlife reintroduction programs in the world, 581 00:47:27,051 --> 00:47:29,985 现存近600只伊比利亚猞猁 now with nearly 600 Iberian lynx, 582 00:47:30,054 --> 00:47:32,021 其保护等级已从 their conservation status has downgraded 583 00:47:32,090 --> 00:47:35,404 极危降为濒危 from critically endangered to endangered. 584 00:47:42,583 --> 00:47:46,242 - 对我而言 野化代表未来的希望 - For me, rewilding is a positive outlook into the future. 585 00:47:46,311 --> 00:47:47,761 带来新希望 It brings a new hope, 586 00:47:47,830 --> 00:47:51,972 新视角 我们不仅减缓物种衰退 a new perspective that we're not just trying to slow down decline 587 00:47:52,041 --> 00:47:54,457 更要创造条件和机遇 but actually to provide means and opportunity 588 00:47:54,526 --> 00:47:57,253 逆转颓势 to reverse that trend. 589 00:47:57,322 --> 00:48:01,464 这让人类重获尊严 I think as a human, it brings dignity back to the equation.