1 00:00:00,001 --> 00:00:02,320 （字幕翻译：Diana Blanchett） 2 00:00:04,420 --> 00:00:05,986 在接下来的20年里 In the next 20 years, 3 00:00:05,986 --> 00:00:07,786 我们将见证 we're about to see what may turn out 4 00:00:07,786 --> 00:00:09,196 人类历史上 to be the biggest changes 5 00:00:09,196 --> 00:00:12,194 我们的生活出现的最大的变革 to the way we live in human history. 6 00:00:19,546 --> 00:00:21,136 我是詹姆斯·伯克 I'm James Burke 7 00:00:21,136 --> 00:00:23,716 我将带你开始时间之旅 and I'm gonna take you on a journey through time, 8 00:00:23,716 --> 00:00:26,446 一起观看大约10个联结 joining up the dots in about 10 connections, 9 00:00:26,446 --> 00:00:29,116 描绘那些最出人意料的 charting the people, objects, and ideas 10 00:00:29,116 --> 00:00:32,553 改变历史的人物 物件和思想 that change history in the most surprising ways. 11 00:00:36,111 --> 00:00:39,053 为你讲述不可思议的故事 关于我们如何走到今天 To tell you the incredible story of how we got here 12 00:00:41,528 --> 00:00:43,373 以及接下来将走向何方 and where we're going next. 13 00:00:47,416 --> 00:00:50,836 这个系列节目是关于变革的过程 This series is about the process of change 14 00:00:50,836 --> 00:00:54,334 以及为什么 我们所做的一切 正在塑造未来 and why the future is being shaped by everything we do 15 00:00:54,812 --> 00:00:57,451 而未来不会是我们想象的那样 and is not going to be what we expect. 16 00:00:58,276 --> 00:01:00,526 因为这就是变革发生的方式 Because that's the way change happens. 17 00:01:00,526 --> 00:01:02,926 因果关系 Cause and effect. 18 00:01:02,926 --> 00:01:05,386 你用创新来解决问题 You innovate to solve a problem 19 00:01:05,386 --> 00:01:07,126 即使你成功了 and even if you succeed, 20 00:01:07,126 --> 00:01:08,956 也总会出现一个意想不到的结果 there's always an unexpected outcome 21 00:01:08,956 --> 00:01:13,248 它会触发对另一个创新的需求 依此类推 that triggers the need for another innovation and so on. 22 00:01:14,596 --> 00:01:16,336 这就是为什么 过去没有人知道 That's why nobody in the past knew 23 00:01:16,336 --> 00:01:18,019 接下来会发生什么 what was coming next. 24 00:01:19,500 --> 00:01:20,623 你也不会知道 Nor will you. 25 00:01:21,746 --> 00:01:24,886 一系列的联结 会像倒下的 The sequence of connections leads like a falling set 26 00:01:24,886 --> 00:01:26,626 多米诺骨牌一样 of dominoes to an innovation 27 00:01:26,626 --> 00:01:29,428 导向一个将要改变人类的创新 that's set to transform humankind. 28 00:01:30,346 --> 00:01:32,236 那么 我们接下来要去哪里 So where do we want to go from here? 29 00:01:32,236 --> 00:01:34,045 下一个联结是什么 What's the next connection? 30 00:01:41,139 --> 00:01:44,827 （联结 詹姆斯·伯克） 31 00:01:45,720 --> 00:01:49,160 （在网络中） 32 00:01:50,536 --> 00:01:52,606 我们现在要去这里 So this is where we are heading, 33 00:01:52,606 --> 00:01:57,498 一个人类最终与互联网融合的未来 a future where humans finally merge with the internet. 34 00:01:57,886 --> 00:01:59,416 因为按照目前的发展趋势 Because the way things are going, 35 00:01:59,416 --> 00:02:02,086 现有的人机界面 the present human-to-computer interface, 36 00:02:02,086 --> 00:02:05,266 比如键盘 语音控制 things like keyboards, voice control, 37 00:02:05,266 --> 00:02:07,546 甚至我们所熟知的计算机本身 and even the computer itself as we know it 38 00:02:07,546 --> 00:02:09,092 都将逐渐退出历史舞台 is on the way out. 39 00:02:10,396 --> 00:02:14,026 取而代之的可能是植入你眼睛 Replacing it will likely be embedded microchips 40 00:02:14,026 --> 00:02:17,146 耳朵和大脑中的微芯片 in your eyes, your ears, and your brain, 41 00:02:17,146 --> 00:02:22,834 将你连接到一个增强现实的线上世界 connecting you to an online world of augmented reality. 42 00:02:23,266 --> 00:02:25,696 只需看一眼 听一声 想一下 Instant access to all the knowledge in the world 43 00:02:25,696 --> 00:02:29,139 就能即时获取世界上所有的知识 just by looking, hearing, and thinking. 44 00:02:30,046 --> 00:02:33,106 这一增强未来的旅程 The journey to this augmented future 45 00:02:33,106 --> 00:02:36,951 始于300多年前的一个物件 begins over 300 years ago with this, 46 00:02:37,336 --> 00:02:39,069 一个海螺壳 a conch shell. 47 00:02:43,726 --> 00:02:46,846 这基本上就是一个大型海螺的壳 Basically the shell of a large sea snail. 48 00:02:46,846 --> 00:02:49,396 它主要由碳酸钙构成 It's made from mostly calcium carbonate, 49 00:02:49,396 --> 00:02:51,346 这些钙质是从海螺生活的 absorbed from the minerals in the sea 50 00:02:51,346 --> 00:02:52,996 海洋中的矿物质中吸收来的 where the snail lives, 51 00:02:52,996 --> 00:02:56,748 海螺大约需要四五年才能长成 and the snails take about four or five years to grow. 52 00:02:57,226 --> 00:02:58,850 很神奇 对吧 Amazing, right? 53 00:02:59,776 --> 00:03:01,696 现在 回到18世纪 Now, back in the 18th century, 54 00:03:01,696 --> 00:03:04,726 这些海螺壳是一个令人兴奋的新发现 these conch shells are an exciting new discovery 55 00:03:04,726 --> 00:03:06,803 成为收藏家收集的物品 and they become a collectors item. 56 00:03:07,666 --> 00:03:11,446 一种稀有的海锥壳 锥螺的壳 One type of snail shell, the rare sea cone, 57 00:03:11,446 --> 00:03:13,545 能卖到几千美元 sells for thousands of dollars. 58 00:03:15,076 --> 00:03:17,626 所以 那些富裕到能拥有这样的海螺壳的人 So people well heeled enough to have a collection 59 00:03:17,626 --> 00:03:20,356 （沃尔米亚博物馆 动物 贝壳） 会想要一个地方来展示 that includes a shell like that would want somewhere 60 00:03:20,356 --> 00:03:23,058 他们稀有而珍贵的东西 to show off their rare and valuable stuff. 61 00:03:30,766 --> 00:03:33,233 这就引出了这个地方 Which leads me to this place: 62 00:03:33,451 --> 00:03:35,436 珍奇屋 a cabinet of curiosities. 63 00:03:35,717 --> 00:03:39,646 我想 这算是18世纪的互联网 This is, I suppose, the 18th-century equivalent of the internet. 64 00:03:42,166 --> 00:03:44,296 它们最早出现在16世纪的欧洲 They first appeared in 16th-century Europe 65 00:03:44,296 --> 00:03:46,366 其实更像是一个房间 and they're really more of a room 66 00:03:46,366 --> 00:03:49,061 而不是我们现在所想的柜子 than what we would now think of as a cabinet. 67 00:03:49,786 --> 00:03:51,316 到了殖民时代 By the time of the colonial era, 68 00:03:51,316 --> 00:03:53,986 大约1750年代 say around the mid 1700s, 69 00:03:53,986 --> 00:03:55,876 这些珍奇屋里往往装满了 these cabinets are often filled 70 00:03:55,876 --> 00:03:58,996 富有的收藏家或他们的仆人 with the stuff rich collectors or their servants 71 00:03:58,996 --> 00:04:01,358 从世界各地搜刮来的东西 have pinched from all over the world. 72 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:04,311 于是 在下次回家后的晚宴上 So that back home at your next dinner party, 73 00:04:04,336 --> 00:04:06,376 你就可以用你的奇珍异宝 you can knock the socks off your guests 74 00:04:06,376 --> 00:04:09,616 比如海螺壳 让客人们惊叹不已 with your curiosities, like the conch shell. 75 00:04:14,956 --> 00:04:17,866 在那个没有互联网 旅行 电视 In a world without the internet and travel and TV 76 00:04:17,866 --> 00:04:20,686 以及如今将世界上的一切展现在我们面前的东西的时代 and everything that lays the world open to us today, 77 00:04:20,686 --> 00:04:23,702 像这样的地方 把世界带到了你面前 places like this one bring the world to you. 78 00:04:24,217 --> 00:04:26,026 这一切的计划是什么 And the plan with all this? 79 00:04:26,026 --> 00:04:27,436 没有什么计划 There's no plan. 80 00:04:27,436 --> 00:04:31,066 任何一个这样的珍奇屋 都是艺术 科学 Any one of these cabinets is a crazy mix of art, science, 81 00:04:31,066 --> 00:04:33,976 自然历史 文物 动植物 natural history, artifacts, animal and plant life, 82 00:04:33,976 --> 00:04:37,066 以及过去的碎片的疯狂混合体 就像英国贵族 and bits of the past, like the Elgin Marble collection 83 00:04:37,066 --> 00:04:40,999 从希腊帕特农神庙运回来的 埃尔金石雕 lifted from the Parthenon in Greece by a British aristocrat. 84 00:04:41,356 --> 00:04:43,066 正如你可能已经注意到的 And as I'm sure you've already noticed, 85 00:04:43,066 --> 00:04:44,836 一些奇珍收藏就像是 some of these curiosity collections are 86 00:04:44,836 --> 00:04:46,991 等待诞生的博物馆 like museums waiting to happen, 87 00:04:47,776 --> 00:04:50,147 而它们确实也是如此 which, well, they are. 88 00:04:51,646 --> 00:04:55,276 一个特别的巨大收藏属于这个人 One giant collection in particular belonging to this guy, 89 00:04:55,276 --> 00:04:59,296 他叫汉斯·斯隆 最终这里成为了大英博物馆 Hans Sloane, actually becomes the British Museum, 90 00:04:59,296 --> 00:05:02,139 所以别小看珍奇屋 so don't knock a cabinet of curiosities. 91 00:05:03,286 --> 00:05:05,896 对所有收藏家来说 重要的是 What matters to all the collectors is the reaction 92 00:05:05,896 --> 00:05:07,467 看到它的人的反应 of anybody seeing it. 93 00:05:09,736 --> 00:05:11,372 -哇 -那是什么 - Wow! - What is that? 94 00:05:11,397 --> 00:05:13,456 当然 最令人印象深刻的是 Of course, what impresses people most 95 00:05:13,456 --> 00:05:15,946 收藏家能喋喋不休地 is also that the collector can talk his head off 96 00:05:15,946 --> 00:05:18,046 讲述这一切 about it all endlessly. 97 00:05:18,046 --> 00:05:20,374 多么奇妙的声音 What an extraordinary noise! 98 00:05:21,226 --> 00:05:22,576 许多富有的绅士 The collecting bug catches hold 99 00:05:22,576 --> 00:05:24,286 迷上了收集昆虫 of many a well-heeled gent 100 00:05:24,286 --> 00:05:26,176 收藏家之间展开了一场竞赛 and the race is on between collectors 101 00:05:26,176 --> 00:05:28,366 要收集世界上最大 to get the biggest and most exotic things 102 00:05:28,366 --> 00:05:30,160 最奇异的东西 the world has to offer. 103 00:05:32,356 --> 00:05:33,766 这是一个很好的例子 And it's a great example 104 00:05:33,766 --> 00:05:37,156 展示了事物变化的 诸多完全意想不到的原因 of the many totally unexpected reasons things change, 105 00:05:37,156 --> 00:05:38,836 因为在18世纪 because in the 18th century 106 00:05:38,836 --> 00:05:41,806 对标本的迷恋引发了一种 this fascination with stuff triggers the beginnings 107 00:05:41,806 --> 00:05:44,647 更具革命性的新想法的开端 of a new more revolutionary idea. 108 00:05:46,636 --> 00:05:48,718 对混乱进行分类 To classify the chaos. 109 00:05:49,726 --> 00:05:53,678 于是 研究海螺壳被称为贝壳学 So studying the conch shell became known as conchology, 110 00:05:53,986 --> 00:05:56,446 研究昆虫被称为昆虫学 studying insects, entomology, 111 00:05:56,446 --> 00:05:59,233 研究蝴蝶被称为鳞翅类昆虫学 and butterflies, lepidopterology. 112 00:05:59,746 --> 00:06:02,889 这也是各种科学学会开始兴起的时期 This is also when all the scientific societies start up. 113 00:06:04,546 --> 00:06:06,506 昆虫学会 The entomological society, 114 00:06:07,636 --> 00:06:09,686 古物学会 the antiquarian society, 115 00:06:10,216 --> 00:06:13,780 天文学会等等 the astronomical society, and so on. 116 00:06:16,786 --> 00:06:18,616 然后 到了让每一个收藏昆虫的人 Then comes the moment to gladden the heart 117 00:06:18,616 --> 00:06:21,327 心动的一刻 of anybody with a collecting bug. 118 00:06:22,066 --> 00:06:23,776 我想到的一位收藏家 The collector I'm thinking about 119 00:06:23,776 --> 00:06:26,577 名叫德鲁·德鲁里 is a guy called Dru Drury. 120 00:06:26,866 --> 00:06:29,896 他烦恼的是 他看到了一种新昆虫 What's bugging him is that he's seen a new bug 121 00:06:29,896 --> 00:06:31,996 特别想要得到它 that he really wants to get his hands on. 122 00:06:31,996 --> 00:06:33,646 不仅是新品种 Well, not just new, 123 00:06:33,646 --> 00:06:36,736 而且超级巨大 惊艳 独一无二的新虫子 but super colossal, amazing one and only new! 124 00:06:36,736 --> 00:06:40,486 这是一种在西非加蓬一条河口 This, a beetle found floating in the mouth of a river 125 00:06:40,486 --> 00:06:42,256 漂浮的甲虫 in Gabon, West Africa, 126 00:06:42,256 --> 00:06:44,896 被一艘路过的商船捞了过来 and scooped up by a passing merchant ship. 127 00:06:44,896 --> 00:06:48,616 结果人们发现 它是当时世界上最大的昆虫 Turns out it's only the world's biggest insect at the time. 128 00:06:48,616 --> 00:06:51,946 这些漂亮家伙 有的超过四英寸长 Some of these beauties are over four inches long 129 00:06:51,946 --> 00:06:57,171 会嗡嗡作响 能举起自身重量850倍的东西 and it hums and it can lift up to 850 times its own weight 130 00:06:57,196 --> 00:07:00,526 不出所料 它被称为什么呢 and no surprise, it becomes known as, what else? 131 00:07:00,526 --> 00:07:02,416 当然是哥利亚甲虫 The Goliath beetle, 132 00:07:02,416 --> 00:07:05,506 这在富有的收藏家中引起了极大的兴奋 which causes a lot of excitement among the rich collectors, 133 00:07:05,506 --> 00:07:06,766 他们迫切想得到一只 desperate to grab one 134 00:07:06,766 --> 00:07:09,413 装进自己的珍奇屋里 for their cabinets filled with curiosities. 135 00:07:09,438 --> 00:07:11,106 -太神奇了 -真是巨大 - Amazing! - It's gigantic! 136 00:07:11,106 --> 00:07:14,596 所以 这种特别的爬虫成了新的必需品 So this special creepy crawley is a new must have. 137 00:07:14,596 --> 00:07:15,706 就像海锥壳一样 Like the sea cone, 138 00:07:15,706 --> 00:07:17,446 第一批到达英国的甲虫 the first beetles to arrive in England 139 00:07:17,446 --> 00:07:20,076 会以高价易手 will change hands for big bucks. 140 00:07:22,522 --> 00:07:24,556 记住 我们回到的是 Now, remember, we're back at a time 141 00:07:24,556 --> 00:07:26,896 欧洲旅行者尚未探索 when much of the natural world is still unexplored 142 00:07:26,896 --> 00:07:28,772 自然世界的时代 by European travelers. 143 00:07:29,811 --> 00:07:32,301 所以 人们出去寻找甲虫 So people are going out and scooping up beetles 144 00:07:32,326 --> 00:07:34,553 和其他任何能找到的东西 and anything else scoopable. 145 00:07:35,969 --> 00:07:37,780 什么都能找 A real free for all. 146 00:07:41,086 --> 00:07:43,756 于是 我们这位急切想给自己抓一只巨型甲虫的 So Dru Drury, our collector so desperate 147 00:07:43,756 --> 00:07:45,526 收藏家德鲁·德鲁里 for a giant beetle of his own, 148 00:07:45,526 --> 00:07:48,646 决定组织一次前往西非的探险 decides to organize an expedition to West Africa 149 00:07:48,646 --> 00:07:51,077 寻找更多的哥利亚甲虫 to find more Goliath beetles. 150 00:07:56,356 --> 00:07:59,086 好了 我们朝向人类成为互联网的一部分的未来之旅 Okay, so where are we on our journey towards the future 151 00:07:59,086 --> 00:08:01,131 走到哪里了 where we are part of the internet? 152 00:08:02,446 --> 00:08:05,386 有钱的收藏家想要海螺壳 Well-heeled collectors want conch shells, 153 00:08:05,386 --> 00:08:07,846 把它们放进珍奇屋 which they put in cabinets of curiosity, 154 00:08:07,846 --> 00:08:10,006 珍奇屋是博物馆的原型 which are prototype museums 155 00:08:10,006 --> 00:08:13,216 激发了各种科学学会的诞生 inspiring the birth of all kinds of scientific societies 156 00:08:13,216 --> 00:08:16,486 他们想要对所有这些东西进行分类 wanting to categorize all this stuff. 157 00:08:16,486 --> 00:08:19,966 新兴的必备昆虫是哥利亚甲虫 The new must-have insect is a Goliath beetle, 158 00:08:19,966 --> 00:08:22,456 这激励了收藏家德鲁·德鲁里 which inspires collector, Dru Drury, 159 00:08:22,456 --> 00:08:24,316 组织了一次前往西非的探险 to organize an expedition to West Africa 160 00:08:24,316 --> 00:08:26,139 为自己找一只 to find one for him. 161 00:08:28,666 --> 00:08:30,856 这次旅行的首席搜刮者 Chief scooper on this trip is going 162 00:08:30,856 --> 00:08:33,694 是一个名叫亨利·斯梅斯曼的 to be a fellow called Henry Smeathman, 163 00:08:35,416 --> 00:08:39,106 昆虫狂热者 他搭乘一艘名叫“苍蝇号”的船 an insect freak who travels on a ship called the Fly, 164 00:08:39,106 --> 00:08:40,516 信不信由你 believe it or not. 165 00:08:40,516 --> 00:08:44,536 他的旅程带他到了西非的香蕉群岛 His voyage takes him to the Banana Islands in West Africa 166 00:08:44,536 --> 00:08:47,506 在那里他为德鲁里找到了一只歌利亚甲虫 where he finds a Goliath beetle for Drury 167 00:08:47,506 --> 00:08:50,280 并学到了很多关于昆虫群落的知识 and learns a lot about insect colonies. 168 00:08:52,863 --> 00:08:57,166 1775年 斯梅斯曼带着他新获得的昆虫专业知识 In 1775, Smeathman and his newfound insect expertise 169 00:08:57,166 --> 00:09:00,256 乘着信风前往加勒比殖民地 follows the trade winds to the Caribbean colonies 170 00:09:00,256 --> 00:09:02,217 在那里他遇到了这个 where he comes across this. 171 00:09:03,046 --> 00:09:04,178 糖 Sugar. 172 00:09:06,796 --> 00:09:09,436 爱吃甜食的欧洲人对糖趋之若鹜 Sweet-tooth Europeans go crazy for sugar, 173 00:09:09,436 --> 00:09:13,897 所以这对种植园主来说 是一项非常有利可图的作物 so it's a really profitable crop for the plantation owners. 174 00:09:15,466 --> 00:09:18,466 但它也是蚂蚁最喜欢的食物 But it's also the favorite diet of ants, 175 00:09:18,466 --> 00:09:21,830 蚂蚁现在正把甘蔗田啃得一干二净 now stripping the sugar cane fields bare. 176 00:09:22,096 --> 00:09:25,426 于是 甘蔗种植园主邀请斯梅斯曼 So the sugar cane plantation owners invite Smeathman 177 00:09:25,426 --> 00:09:28,952 想办法解决这些蚂蚁的侵扰 to work out a way to tackle these ant infestations. 178 00:09:29,570 --> 00:09:32,206 斯梅斯曼很快得出结论 Smeathman soon comes to the conclusion 179 00:09:32,206 --> 00:09:35,116 需要保护的不是作物 that it's not the crops that need his protection, 180 00:09:35,116 --> 00:09:37,202 而是种植它们的人 but the people working on them. 181 00:09:39,676 --> 00:09:41,716 因为糖业依赖于 See, the sugar industry is dependent 182 00:09:41,716 --> 00:09:45,646 成千上万被从非洲的家中被绑架来的奴隶 on thousands of slaves abducted from their homes in Africa 183 00:09:45,646 --> 00:09:47,686 他们被迫无偿劳动 and forced to work for nothing. 184 00:09:47,686 --> 00:09:51,084 至于人权的概念 根本不存在 And as for the idea of human rights, forget it. 185 00:09:51,616 --> 00:09:53,296 想要制止这一切 Wanting to put a stop to this, 186 00:09:53,296 --> 00:09:54,616 斯梅斯曼画了素描 Smeathman draws sketches 187 00:09:54,616 --> 00:09:57,259 来展示他所见的可怕事情 to show the terrible things he's seen. 188 00:10:02,421 --> 00:10:05,781 于是在1779年 斯梅斯曼回到伦敦 So in 1779, Smeathman heads back to London 189 00:10:05,806 --> 00:10:07,726 试图找到一家愿意出版他故事的 and tries to find a publishing house ready 190 00:10:07,726 --> 00:10:08,866 出版社 to print his story, 191 00:10:08,866 --> 00:10:12,766 这本书将讲述 他在非洲探索野生动物 which will tell his tale of exploring wildlife in Africa 192 00:10:12,766 --> 00:10:16,014 以及看到加勒比奴隶制的恐怖经历 and of the horrors of slavery in the Caribbean. 193 00:10:16,756 --> 00:10:17,746 但更重要的是 But more important, 194 00:10:17,746 --> 00:10:19,666 斯梅斯曼的书还将传播 Smeathman's book will also spread the word 195 00:10:19,666 --> 00:10:22,358 他的一个非常新的想法 about a really new idea of his 196 00:10:23,566 --> 00:10:26,986 带那些让他深受震撼的奴隶 to take slaves, like the ones that shook him so much, 197 00:10:26,986 --> 00:10:31,077 回到非洲 建立一个自由人的新殖民地 back to Africa and start a new colony of free people. 198 00:10:36,641 --> 00:10:39,556 斯梅斯曼想从他已知的 Smeathman wants to start by settling 199 00:10:39,556 --> 00:10:42,646 香蕉河附近地区开始定居 the area he already knows around the Banana River, 200 00:10:42,646 --> 00:10:46,276 这个地区在当地已被称为塞拉利奥 an area already known locally as Serra Lyoa, 201 00:10:46,276 --> 00:10:49,413 因附近的狮子山而得名 named after the nearby Lion Mountains. 202 00:10:49,606 --> 00:10:52,756 我们现在叫它塞拉利昂 We now know it as Sierra Leone. 203 00:10:52,756 --> 00:10:53,928 怎么样 How about that? 204 00:10:54,856 --> 00:10:57,226 他的书从未出版 Well, his book never gets published, 205 00:10:57,226 --> 00:10:58,975 但他传播了这个想法 but he spreads the word. 206 00:11:00,106 --> 00:11:02,776 （《在非洲谷物海岸塞拉利昂附近建立定居点的计划》 亨利·斯米斯曼） 斯梅斯曼宏伟计划中唯一缺少的是 The only thing missing in Smeathman's grand plan 207 00:11:02,776 --> 00:11:06,526 新塞拉利昂的公民 is, well, new Sierra Leone citizens. 208 00:11:06,526 --> 00:11:08,086 没问题 斯梅斯曼说 No problem, says Smeathman. 209 00:11:08,086 --> 00:11:09,792 他的新国家的公民很容易 Citizens for his new country 210 00:11:09,817 --> 00:11:11,986 从其他殖民地找到 will easily be found in other colonies. 211 00:11:11,986 --> 00:11:14,806 找到那些愿意前往一个 能保证自由 Former slaves who will go for a new country 212 00:11:14,806 --> 00:11:17,716 和个人权利等 有吸引力的新国家 with attractions like, say, guaranteed freedom 213 00:11:17,716 --> 00:11:19,576 的前奴隶 and individual rights. 214 00:11:19,576 --> 00:11:22,066 斯梅斯曼相信这些人应该拥有一个 Smeathman believes these people deserve a new country 215 00:11:22,066 --> 00:11:25,243 能保证他们新获得的自由的新国家 to live in that will guarantee their newfound liberty. 216 00:11:25,243 --> 00:11:28,991 他希望这个国家是塞拉利昂 And he hopes that this can be Sierra Leone. 217 00:11:31,336 --> 00:11:33,436 即便它将成为一个英国殖民地 The fact that it's going to be a British colony 218 00:11:33,436 --> 00:11:35,578 由伦敦的塞拉利昂公司管理 and they're all gonna be run by the Sierra Leone Company 219 00:11:35,603 --> 00:11:37,727 那也没关系 of London doesn't matter. 220 00:11:37,726 --> 00:11:40,960 在他看来 他们将获得自由 In his mind, they're going to be free. 221 00:11:46,996 --> 00:11:50,806 他听说有一群逃亡奴隶藏在加拿大 He hears about a group of escaped slaves holed up in Canada 222 00:11:50,806 --> 00:11:52,553 决定帮助他们 and decides to help them. 223 00:11:53,146 --> 00:11:56,056 他设法筹集了相当于今天超过25万美元的资金 He manages to raise over a quarter of a million dollars 224 00:11:56,056 --> 00:11:58,306 并租了一支船队 in today's money and charters a fleet 225 00:11:58,306 --> 00:11:59,897 去接他们 to go and pick them up. 226 00:12:00,972 --> 00:12:06,677 1792年1月 他们乘坐15艘船驶向非洲 And in January, 1792, off they sail in 15 ships to Africa 227 00:12:06,702 --> 00:12:08,206 驶向一个崭新的未来 and a bright new future 228 00:12:08,206 --> 00:12:12,311 崭新的城镇还能叫什么 自由镇 in a bright new town called what else? Freetown! 229 00:12:12,556 --> 00:12:15,475 这个小镇建在从当地酋长手中购买的土地上 Built on land bought from the local chieftains. 230 00:12:17,956 --> 00:12:19,276 几年之内 Within a few years, 231 00:12:19,276 --> 00:12:21,376 自由镇就有了几百栋房子 Freetown has several hundred houses 232 00:12:21,376 --> 00:12:24,502 表面上似乎一切都在按计划进行 and, on the surface, things appear to be going to plan. 233 00:12:24,502 --> 00:12:26,266 那是谁 Who's that? 234 00:12:26,266 --> 00:12:28,156 但组织者之间已经开始争吵 But arguments are already breaking out 235 00:12:28,156 --> 00:12:32,100 如何管理一个新的自由国家 among the organizers about how to run a new free country. 236 00:12:32,386 --> 00:12:34,216 为了让这个实验成功 For this experiment to work, 237 00:12:34,216 --> 00:12:36,084 他们需要振作起来 they need to get themselves together. 238 00:12:37,751 --> 00:12:40,546 这正是故事变得真正有趣的地方 And this is where the story gets really interesting because, 239 00:12:40,546 --> 00:12:43,966 因为在刚起步的国家面临的所有挑战中 of all the challenges facing the fledgling new country, 240 00:12:43,966 --> 00:12:45,876 最大的挑战 the biggest challenge of all 241 00:12:46,180 --> 00:12:47,352 就是现金 is cash. 242 00:12:49,666 --> 00:12:53,446 斯梅斯曼的新殖民地需要钱 一种可靠的货币 Smeathman's new colony needs money, a reliable currency, 243 00:12:53,446 --> 00:12:57,608 这将带我们走向一个 相当意外的地方 which fact is going to take us somewhere rather unexpected 244 00:12:58,066 --> 00:13:01,306 因为被雇来制造塞拉利昂货币的人 because the man hired to make Sierra Leone's currency 245 00:13:01,306 --> 00:13:03,928 是这个家伙 马修·博尔顿 is this chap, Matthew Boulton. 246 00:13:05,626 --> 00:13:07,276 首先 他在伯明翰 First of all, he's in Birmingham, 247 00:13:07,276 --> 00:13:09,053 英格兰的金属加工中心 the metalworking center of England, 248 00:13:09,078 --> 00:13:11,446 忙于制造各种金属制品 and up to his eyes in metal everything. 249 00:13:11,446 --> 00:13:14,296 烛台 罐子 汤碗 和杯子 Candlesticks, jugs, tureens and cups, 250 00:13:14,296 --> 00:13:17,266 纯银器 鞋扣 望远镜管 sterling silverware, shoe buckles, telescope tubes, 251 00:13:17,266 --> 00:13:19,889 尤其是金属纽扣 and, above all, metal buttons. 252 00:13:21,256 --> 00:13:23,416 所有这些都比制造真正的货币容易 All easier to manufacture than actual money. 253 00:13:23,416 --> 00:13:25,216 你看 在当时 You see, at this time, 254 00:13:25,216 --> 00:13:28,186 全世界的货币都比较混乱 currency all over the world is a bit of a mess. 255 00:13:28,186 --> 00:13:31,456 硬币是用手工操作的铸币机制造的 Coins are made with minting machines worked by hand. 256 00:13:31,456 --> 00:13:34,696 每枚硬币都不规则 Every coin they make is irregular. 257 00:13:34,696 --> 00:13:36,316 没有两枚硬币看起来一样 No two coins look the same, 258 00:13:36,316 --> 00:13:39,420 这使得它们非常容易被伪造 making them very easy to counterfeit. 259 00:13:42,856 --> 00:13:47,856 博尔顿被难住了 但答案就藏在眼前 Boulton is stumped, but the answer is hiding in plain sight. 260 00:13:47,866 --> 00:13:49,486 他的朋友兼同事 See, his friend and colleague, 261 00:13:49,486 --> 00:13:52,576 苏格兰工程师詹姆斯·瓦特 a Scottish engineer called James Watt, 262 00:13:52,576 --> 00:13:54,946 偶然间 一直在 has, by chance, been fiddling 263 00:13:54,971 --> 00:13:58,477 摆弄一台用于矿井排水的原始蒸汽机 with a primitive steam engine used to drain mines. 264 00:14:00,136 --> 00:14:03,038 问题在于它效果不好 Trouble is it doesn't work very well. 265 00:14:05,626 --> 00:14:07,726 你把热蒸汽放进一个气缸 You put hot steam in a cylinder, 266 00:14:07,726 --> 00:14:09,826 然后冷却气缸以凝结蒸汽 then cool it down to condense the steam 267 00:14:09,826 --> 00:14:12,856 并制造真空 从而拉动活塞向下 and create a vacuum which pulls the piston down. 268 00:14:12,856 --> 00:14:15,196 你用大量煤来制造蒸汽 You use loads of coal to create the steam 269 00:14:15,221 --> 00:14:16,757 然后通过冷却 and then you waste that 270 00:14:17,530 --> 00:14:19,007 浪费掉它 by cooling it down. 271 00:14:19,702 --> 00:14:23,616 如此循环 每次都耗费大量煤 And on it goes, each time costing you a lot of coal. 272 00:14:29,009 --> 00:14:31,000 看到这有多低效了吧 See how inefficient this is? 273 00:14:32,176 --> 00:14:35,476 詹姆斯·瓦特意识到关键是 James Watt realizes that the key is to create a vacuum 274 00:14:35,476 --> 00:14:38,596 在不冷却气缸的情况下制造真空 in the cylinder without cooling it down. 275 00:14:38,596 --> 00:14:42,796 于是他增加了一个单独的室 他称其为冷凝器 So he adds a separate chamber that he calls a condenser 276 00:14:42,796 --> 00:14:46,139 让蒸汽在远离气缸的地方冷却 where the steam can be cooled down away from the cylinder. 277 00:14:48,046 --> 00:14:49,516 现在气缸始终保持高温 Now it's hot all the time, 278 00:14:49,516 --> 00:14:53,596 用更少的煤 产生了更多的动力 uses far less coal, and produces much more power. 279 00:14:53,596 --> 00:14:56,056 瓦特改良的引擎充分利用了 Watt's modified engine has harnessed 280 00:14:56,056 --> 00:14:57,842 蒸汽的力量 the full power of steam. 281 00:15:01,941 --> 00:15:05,271 博尔顿和瓦特开始了一家企业 来开发这台新机器 Boulton and Watt start a business to exploit the new machine 282 00:15:05,296 --> 00:15:08,491 两人真正赚了大钱 and the two of them literally cash in. 283 00:15:12,946 --> 00:15:16,336 他们一起设计了一台蒸汽动力铸币机 Together, they design a steam-powered minting machine 284 00:15:16,336 --> 00:15:18,646 可以快速制造大量 that can rapidly make lots of coins 285 00:15:18,646 --> 00:15:20,416 不仅形状统一 not only uniform in shape, 286 00:15:20,416 --> 00:15:23,577 而且具有难以复制的特征的硬币 but with features that make them very hard to copy. 287 00:15:28,091 --> 00:15:31,336 伯明翰的新铸币机器 The new coin-stamping machinery in Birmingham 288 00:15:31,336 --> 00:15:33,256 很快就加班加点 is soon working overtime making cash 289 00:15:33,256 --> 00:15:36,069 为像新塞拉利昂这样殖民地这样的地方制造货币 for places like the new Sierra Leone colony. 290 00:15:36,376 --> 00:15:39,556 多亏了他为像塞拉利昂这样的殖民地所做的工作 And thanks to his work for colonies like Sierra Leone, 291 00:15:39,556 --> 00:15:41,626 博尔顿后来获得了 Boulton goes on to get the contract 292 00:15:41,626 --> 00:15:43,336 为英国制造货币的合同 to make money for Britain 293 00:15:43,336 --> 00:15:45,766 结束了伪造问题 and end the counterfeit problem. 294 00:15:45,766 --> 00:15:48,796 世界也因此获得了 能够制造可靠货币的 And the world gets precision machinery capable 295 00:15:48,796 --> 00:15:50,827 精密机械 of making reliable money. 296 00:15:51,016 --> 00:15:52,772 但故事并未在此结束 But it doesn't end here. 297 00:15:53,746 --> 00:15:56,056 瓦特的新机器 The effect Watt's new machine has, 298 00:15:56,056 --> 00:15:57,706 变得为人所知 因其使用蒸汽 which becomes known because it uses steam 299 00:15:57,706 --> 00:15:59,836 而被称为蒸汽机 as the steam engine, 300 00:15:59,836 --> 00:16:03,819 所产生的影响 只能谦虚地描述为翻天覆地 could be modestly described as only cataclysmic. 301 00:16:05,446 --> 00:16:09,136 社会首次拥有了一台紧凑 可靠的机器 For the first time, society has a compact, reliable machine 302 00:16:09,136 --> 00:16:11,536 可以高效地将煤等化石燃料的能量 that can efficiently convert the energy 303 00:16:11,536 --> 00:16:15,295 转化为机械能 in fossil fuels like coal into mechanical energy. 304 00:16:16,486 --> 00:16:19,006 这彻底解除了商业的束缚 It totally removes the shackles on business. 305 00:16:19,006 --> 00:16:20,386 不需要寻找一条 No need to find a river you can use 306 00:16:20,386 --> 00:16:22,647 用作制造的动力的河流 as a power source for manufacturing. 307 00:16:23,596 --> 00:16:24,586 有了蒸汽机 With a steam engine, 308 00:16:24,586 --> 00:16:27,136 你可以把动力带到任何你想建造的地方 you can get your power anywhere you want to put the building 309 00:16:27,136 --> 00:16:30,007 比如靠近工厂的工人的居住区 like near the living quarters for the factory workers. 310 00:16:30,451 --> 00:16:31,892 甚至在城市里 Even in a city. 311 00:16:34,936 --> 00:16:36,991 一切都将不再相同 Nothing will ever be the same. 312 00:16:39,436 --> 00:16:42,706 好了 我们朝向生活在互联网中的旅程 Okay, where are we on our journey towards living 313 00:16:42,706 --> 00:16:44,436 走到哪里了 in the internet? 314 00:16:45,016 --> 00:16:47,836 海螺壳和珍奇屋 Conch shells and cabinets of curiosity, 315 00:16:47,836 --> 00:16:51,076 德鲁·德鲁里和他对哥利亚甲虫的渴望 Dru Drury and his desire for a Goliath beetle, 316 00:16:51,076 --> 00:16:53,266 亨利·斯梅斯曼为他找到了一只 Henry Smeathman finds him one 317 00:16:53,266 --> 00:16:55,966 并发现了奴隶贸易的恐怖 and discovers the horrors of the slave trade. 318 00:16:55,966 --> 00:16:59,741 他建立了塞拉利昂作为自由人的避难所 He sets up Sierra Leone as a refuge for free people, 319 00:17:00,196 --> 00:17:02,146 这需要可靠的货币 which needs a reliable currency, 320 00:17:02,146 --> 00:17:04,147 这把他带到了马修·博尔顿身边 which takes him to Matthew Boulton. 321 00:17:04,906 --> 00:17:06,586 博尔顿的商业伙伴詹姆斯·瓦特 Boulton's business partner, James Watt, 322 00:17:06,586 --> 00:17:09,646 发明了一种新的高效的蒸汽机 invents a new highly-efficient steam engine 323 00:17:09,646 --> 00:17:13,256 他们用它制造了一台蒸汽动力铸币机 which they use to make a steam-powered minting machine, 324 00:17:14,282 --> 00:17:17,763 为塞拉利昂提供了高质量的货币 which provides high quality cash for Sierra Leone. 325 00:17:18,881 --> 00:17:20,049 让自己 As well as making himself 326 00:17:20,049 --> 00:17:21,826 和他的朋友博尔顿变得非常富有 and his pal, Boulton, extremely rich, 327 00:17:21,826 --> 00:17:23,536 瓦特地蒸汽机 巧妙地引发了 Watt's neat trick with the steam engine 328 00:17:23,536 --> 00:17:27,358 我们称之为工业革命的事件 triggers what we call the Industrial Revolution. 329 00:17:30,764 --> 00:17:32,281 煤 铁 和钢 Coal and iron and steel 330 00:17:32,281 --> 00:17:33,707 成为工业 are the means of industry, 331 00:17:33,707 --> 00:17:35,952 交通 和速度的手段 for transport, for speed. 332 00:17:38,619 --> 00:17:40,186 现在又是多个联结 And now another example 333 00:17:40,186 --> 00:17:43,928 朝多个方向发展的例子 of multiple connections going off in multiple directions. 334 00:17:48,436 --> 00:17:51,376 你看 瓦特和博尔顿与一个名叫 You see, Watt and Boulton were friends 335 00:17:51,376 --> 00:17:55,786 约瑟夫·孟格菲的年轻早成的法国人交好 with a precocious young Frenchman called Joseph Montgolfier 336 00:17:55,786 --> 00:17:59,072 他对他们分享了 发明聪明的新机器的热情 who shared their passion for inventing clever new machines. 337 00:17:59,326 --> 00:18:02,788 你可以说他有令人振奋的想法 And who you could say has uplifting thoughts. 338 00:18:04,786 --> 00:18:06,952 用他的热气球 With his hot air balloon. 339 00:18:12,316 --> 00:18:13,881 很美 对吧 Beautiful, isn't it? 340 00:18:14,806 --> 00:18:16,516 气球的表面是丝绸 The balloon envelope is silk, 341 00:18:16,516 --> 00:18:19,036 但覆盖着印刷纸 but it's covered with printed paper. 342 00:18:19,036 --> 00:18:19,996 为什么 Why? 343 00:18:19,996 --> 00:18:23,233 因为猜猜孟格菲的家族企业做什么 Because guess what the Montgolfier family firm makes? 344 00:18:23,903 --> 00:18:25,100 造纸 Paper! 345 00:18:29,986 --> 00:18:32,806 猜猜贴满气球的人是谁 Guess who the guy plastered all around it is? 346 00:18:32,806 --> 00:18:35,655 是的 路易十六国王 Yep, King Louis XVI. 347 00:18:36,256 --> 00:18:39,106 为什么气球上有国王的画像 And why does the balloon have the king's picture on it? 348 00:18:39,106 --> 00:18:41,116 嗯 他是国王嘛 Well, he's the king of course, 349 00:18:41,141 --> 00:18:43,961 每个人都要么爱路易十六 and everybody either loves King Louis XVI 350 00:18:44,686 --> 00:18:45,936 要么恨他 or hates him, 351 00:18:46,786 --> 00:18:48,717 但他们还是会抬头看他 but they'll still look up at him. 352 00:18:50,476 --> 00:18:52,366 这是我们通向互联网内部的未来的旅程中 This is a fun intersection on our journey 353 00:18:52,366 --> 00:18:54,381 一个有趣的交叉点 to a future inside the internet. 354 00:18:54,886 --> 00:18:56,716 我们可以追随那些 We could follow the connections 355 00:18:56,716 --> 00:18:58,516 导致大规模广告的联结 that lead to mass advertising, 356 00:18:58,516 --> 00:19:00,796 比如我们今天看到的广告牌 the billboards we see today 357 00:19:00,796 --> 00:19:03,406 从肥皂到汽车什么都卖 selling us everything from soap to cars. 358 00:19:03,406 --> 00:19:05,896 但让我们留在法国 But instead, let's stick with France 359 00:19:05,896 --> 00:19:07,726 （《团结 不可分割的共和国 自由 平等 博爱或死亡》） 看看接下来会发生什么 and see what happens next 360 00:19:07,726 --> 00:19:09,436 因为有一个问题即将来临 because there's a problem looming 361 00:19:09,436 --> 00:19:12,202 而且带来了意想不到的后果 and one with unintended consequences. 362 00:19:13,366 --> 00:19:16,816 你看 造纸是一项劳动密集型产业 See, paper making is a labor-intensive business. 363 00:19:16,816 --> 00:19:19,216 你还记得我说过有些人恨国王吗 You remember how I said some people hate the king? 364 00:19:19,216 --> 00:19:21,929 法国大革命即将来临 Well, the French Revolution is about to happen. 365 00:19:22,216 --> 00:19:24,389 法国君主制被推翻 The French monarchy gets overthrown 366 00:19:25,546 --> 00:19:26,986 人头落地 and heads roll. 367 00:19:26,986 --> 00:19:30,046 社会大动荡让工人离开工厂 Mass social upheaval takes workers out of the factories 368 00:19:30,046 --> 00:19:31,576 走上街头 and onto the streets. 369 00:19:31,576 --> 00:19:34,686 那么现在谁来造纸呢 So who's going to make the paper now? 370 00:19:39,046 --> 00:19:40,276 一家面临这种 One paper-making company 371 00:19:40,276 --> 00:19:42,376 工人短缺问题的造纸公司 with this kind of worker shortage problem 372 00:19:42,376 --> 00:19:45,916 刚刚雇了一个技术型人才 名叫尼古拉·路易·罗伯特 has just hired a technical type, Nicolas Louis Robert, 373 00:19:45,916 --> 00:19:48,946 他提出了一个应对工人不足的解决方案 who offers them his solution to the lack of workers, 374 00:19:48,946 --> 00:19:50,836 无需工人造纸 make paper without them 375 00:19:50,836 --> 00:19:53,335 用他的造纸机 with his paper-making machine. 376 00:19:54,286 --> 00:19:55,858 这是第一台这种类型的造纸机 First of its kind. 377 00:20:01,006 --> 00:20:03,166 将由木头和植物纤维 Scoop up paper pulp made of a slurry 378 00:20:03,166 --> 00:20:06,405 制成的纸浆 舀到网带上 of wood and vegetable fiber onto a mesh belt. 379 00:20:16,606 --> 00:20:19,066 然后让湿纸浆 通过加热的滚轮 Then run the damp pulp between hot rollers 380 00:20:19,066 --> 00:20:20,811 压平并干燥 that flatten and dry it 381 00:20:26,446 --> 00:20:29,811 从另一端出来的就是成品 so it comes out the other end as finished product. 382 00:20:31,816 --> 00:20:35,936 这个过程能生产出很长的纸卷 This produces very long sheets of paper in a roll. 383 00:20:40,036 --> 00:20:41,146 出于某种疯狂的原因 For some crazy reason, 384 00:20:41,146 --> 00:20:42,676 老板认为罗伯特的想法 the boss doesn't think Robert's idea 385 00:20:42,676 --> 00:20:43,936 （阿普斯利 弗罗格莫尔造纸厂） 无法解决问题 will solve his problem. 386 00:20:43,936 --> 00:20:46,576 于是1802年 他向他的姻亲 So in 1802, he mentioned the paper-making machine 387 00:20:46,576 --> 00:20:49,036 一个英国人 提到了这台造纸机 to his brother-in-law, an Englishman, 388 00:20:49,036 --> 00:20:51,706 那人立刻把这个想法带回了英国 who promptly takes the idea back to the UK 389 00:20:51,706 --> 00:20:54,616 在英国 一个名叫唐金 where it's picked up by a guy called Donkin 390 00:20:54,616 --> 00:20:56,716 和两个姓霍尔的兄弟 and two brothers named Hall 391 00:20:56,716 --> 00:20:59,100 接手了这个造纸的主意 who jump at the paper making idea. 392 00:21:00,648 --> 00:21:02,888 （布莱恩·唐金 弗罗格莫尔造纸厂 阿普斯利） 393 00:21:03,999 --> 00:21:05,199 于是 唐金和霍尔兄弟 So with other investors, 394 00:21:05,199 --> 00:21:06,969 与其他投资者一起 投入大量资金 Donkin and the Halls put a ton of money 395 00:21:06,969 --> 00:21:08,829 建造了一台能够制造 into a big machine that will be able 396 00:21:08,854 --> 00:21:12,024 很长连续纸卷的大机器 to make very long continuous rolls of paper. 397 00:21:13,194 --> 00:21:16,419 这将改变工业革命中 And this will change the daily life of millions 398 00:21:16,419 --> 00:21:19,089 数百万工人的日常生活 以及他们的未来 of Industrial Revolution workers and the future with it. 399 00:21:19,089 --> 00:21:21,099 因为用长纸卷 Because two of the things you can make 400 00:21:21,099 --> 00:21:24,669 可以制造两样东西 报纸 with long rolls of paper are newspapers, 401 00:21:24,669 --> 00:21:27,039 印刷机能生产出成千上万张 rolled off by the thousand in printing presses, 402 00:21:27,039 --> 00:21:30,374 还有足够多的贴在墙上的纸卷 and rolls of enough paper to stick on the walls. 403 00:21:36,069 --> 00:21:39,549 你看 成千上万的人过着 See, thousands live Industrial Revolution lives 404 00:21:39,549 --> 00:21:42,309 工业革命中单调乏味的生活 of drab industrial dullness 405 00:21:42,309 --> 00:21:45,519 墙纸帮助他们美化生活 and wallpaper helps to jazz up their existence. 406 00:21:45,519 --> 00:21:48,553 现在 除了赤贫者 每个人都能买得起 Now, everybody but the destitute can afford it. 407 00:21:49,569 --> 00:21:54,811 于是那时的许多墙壁 从那样 变成了这样 So many of the walls back then go from this to this. 408 00:22:04,389 --> 00:22:07,239 现在他们可以 每天在色彩和设计的环绕中 Now they can read their new daily newspaper surrounded 409 00:22:07,239 --> 00:22:08,850 阅读日报 by color and design. 410 00:22:09,339 --> 00:22:11,061 我们现在觉得这是理所当然 We take this for granted now, 411 00:22:11,086 --> 00:22:14,139 但在当时 这是一个彻底改变社会的东西 but back then it was a social game changer. 412 00:22:14,139 --> 00:22:18,489 普通人也能像皇室一样生活 多亏了自动生产的墙纸 Commoners living like royalty thanks to automated wallpaper 413 00:22:18,489 --> 00:22:22,038 价格降到一便士能买四码 whose cost has dropped to a penny for four yards. 414 00:22:33,772 --> 00:22:35,979 好了 我们到了历史的 Okay, here we are at another one 415 00:22:35,979 --> 00:22:37,449 另一个十字路口 of those crossroads in history. 416 00:22:37,449 --> 00:22:40,479 我是说 唐金后来继续与 I mean, Donkin would go on to work with a man 417 00:22:40,479 --> 00:22:42,609 设计第一台计算机的人合作 who designed the first-ever computer. 418 00:22:42,609 --> 00:22:44,349 他还与设计 He would also partner the man 419 00:22:44,349 --> 00:22:46,624 康格里夫火箭的人合作 who designed Congreve rockets. 420 00:22:47,913 --> 00:22:49,719 但除了唐金 还有他的同事 But aside from Donkin, there were also, 421 00:22:49,719 --> 00:22:53,044 你记得的 两个姓的霍尔兄弟 you remember, his colleagues, the two Hall brothers. 422 00:22:53,130 --> 00:22:54,914 （约翰·霍尔父子） 423 00:22:54,939 --> 00:22:56,079 现在他们引领我们 Now they lead us to something 424 00:22:56,079 --> 00:22:58,299 走向一个将无意中改变 that will inadvertently change the course 425 00:22:58,299 --> 00:23:00,022 我们历史旅程的东西 of our journey through history. 426 00:23:03,369 --> 00:23:05,499 1846年某时 Sometime in 1846, 427 00:23:05,499 --> 00:23:09,189 约翰·霍尔的儿子想在造纸业务中 拓展其他业务 John Hall's son wants to branch out from the paper business 428 00:23:09,189 --> 00:23:11,469 制造一种新的火药 to manufacture a new kind of gun powder. 429 00:23:11,469 --> 00:23:13,062 火药总是很抢手 对吧 Always in demand, right? 430 00:23:13,233 --> 00:23:14,949 为了解释接下来发生了什么 And to explain what happens next, 431 00:23:14,949 --> 00:23:18,999 首先 很抱歉 我们需要上一节简短的化学课 first, sorry, we need a brief chemistry lesson. 432 00:23:20,229 --> 00:23:21,999 拿一些细棉花 Take fine cotton, 433 00:23:21,999 --> 00:23:25,170 把它放入一半硫酸一半硝酸的混合液中 put it in a bath of half sulfuric and half nitric acid. 434 00:23:25,944 --> 00:23:29,311 2分钟后取出棉花 用冷水洗净 After two minutes, take cotton out and wash it in cold water. 435 00:23:30,279 --> 00:23:34,131 然后在低于40摄氏度的温度下 非常缓慢地晾干 Then dry it very slowly at below 40 degrees Celsius. 436 00:23:36,699 --> 00:23:40,179 你现在得到的产品看起来像棉絮 What you have now is a product that looks like cotton wool 437 00:23:40,179 --> 00:23:41,589 但有一个不寻常的特性 with the unusual characteristic 438 00:23:41,589 --> 00:23:45,159 最轻微的火花就会引发 that the slightest spark will cause it to explode 439 00:23:45,159 --> 00:23:47,444 剧烈的爆炸 with a serious amount of bang, 440 00:23:48,189 --> 00:23:50,109 这也是为什么军方喜欢这东西 which is why the military love the stuff 441 00:23:50,109 --> 00:23:53,859 以及为什么它将为霍尔家族带来大笔财富 and why it's going to make the Hall family oodles of boodle. 442 00:23:53,859 --> 00:23:56,014 计划就是这样 Well, that's the plan. 443 00:23:58,359 --> 00:24:00,339 计划中的关键一句是 Key sentence in the plan, 444 00:24:00,339 --> 00:24:03,674 除非你在制造和储存时极其小心 unless you are extremely careful with manufacturer and storage, 445 00:24:03,699 --> 00:24:07,179 因为火棉非常不稳定 以至于第二年 gun cotton is so volatile you can get what happens 446 00:24:07,179 --> 00:24:09,519 你能猜到霍尔工厂发生了什么 to Hall's factory the following year. 447 00:24:09,519 --> 00:24:10,659 一个火星 A spark. 448 00:24:10,659 --> 00:24:14,381 大量的火棉发生剧烈地爆炸 And lots of gun cotton goes up with a humongous explosion 449 00:24:18,129 --> 00:24:21,045 摧毁了整个工厂和里面所有人 destroying the entire factory and everybody in it. 450 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:30,429 这个就是联结 即使是失败的联结 Now this is where connections, even failed ones, 451 00:24:30,429 --> 00:24:33,729 也改变了历史的进程 因为这次事故 change the course of history because, thanks to that mishap, 452 00:24:33,729 --> 00:24:36,186 让霍尔家族回到了更安全的工作 the Hall family go back to safer work. 453 00:24:38,439 --> 00:24:41,649 1884年 他们买下了一个新发明的权利 In 1884, they buy the right to a new gizmo, 454 00:24:41,649 --> 00:24:44,788 并在伦敦的一栋办公楼里安装了它 which they install in a London office block. 455 00:24:45,189 --> 00:24:48,845 这个创新 将帮助住在高层建筑里的人 This innovation will help people in tall buildings, 456 00:24:49,059 --> 00:24:50,709 随着城市建筑用地变得更贵 of which there is an increasing number 457 00:24:50,709 --> 00:24:53,610 高楼越来越多 as building land in cities becomes more expensive. 458 00:24:54,309 --> 00:24:55,809 解决在高楼里 The new answer to climbing stairs 459 00:24:55,809 --> 00:24:57,798 爬楼梯的新办法是什么 猜猜看 in tall buildings, is guess what? 460 00:24:57,823 --> 00:24:58,719 电梯 An elevator. 461 00:24:58,752 --> 00:25:01,257 但不是普通的电梯 But no ordinary elevator. 462 00:25:02,627 --> 00:25:05,632 首先 这台电梯由蒸汽驱动 First, this elevator is powered by steam. 463 00:25:06,399 --> 00:25:08,979 其次 它没有门 And second of all, it has no doors 464 00:25:08,979 --> 00:25:10,905 也不在你那层停下来 and no stopping on your floor. 465 00:25:16,959 --> 00:25:18,849 当它到达你那层时 And as it reaches your floor, 466 00:25:18,849 --> 00:25:21,789 你得采用随上随下的原则 you use it on the hop-on-hop-off principle. 467 00:25:21,789 --> 00:25:23,498 这里有一台正在运行的 Here's one of them at work. 468 00:25:24,369 --> 00:25:25,359 你可以看到 As you can see, 469 00:25:25,359 --> 00:25:27,309 它一直在上下移动 你得在合适的时候 it keeps moving and you just get on 470 00:25:27,309 --> 00:25:29,079 跳上跳下 and get off as it suits you. 471 00:25:29,079 --> 00:25:32,755 如果错过了 就等下一间 And if you miss, just wait a sec for the next chance. 472 00:25:37,479 --> 00:25:39,599 不确定这种在使用时 Not sure if this very slight feeling of taking your life 473 00:25:39,599 --> 00:25:42,759 有点拿命冒险的感觉 是否促成了它的名字 in your hands when you use it gives your rise to its name. 474 00:25:42,759 --> 00:25:44,109 帕特诺斯特 Paternoster. 475 00:25:44,109 --> 00:25:46,899 因为“帕特诺斯特”是（注：我们的父） Because paternoster are the first two words 476 00:25:46,899 --> 00:25:49,295 拉丁文主祷文的前两个词 in the Latin version of the Lord's Prayer. 477 00:25:52,149 --> 00:25:54,459 霍尔家族的新电梯 The Halls' new lift catches on quickly 478 00:25:54,459 --> 00:25:58,302 在这个高层建筑的新时代迅速流行起来 比如在维也纳 in this new era of high-rise buildings, like in Vienna. 479 00:26:01,479 --> 00:26:03,549 在维也纳 当时正值建筑业 And in Vienna where there's a building boom going on 480 00:26:03,549 --> 00:26:04,716 蓬勃发展 at the time, 481 00:26:05,259 --> 00:26:07,419 一个名叫安东·弗赖斯勒的工程师 paternosters are being commercialized 482 00:26:07,419 --> 00:26:10,177 将帕特诺斯特商业化 by an engineer called Anton Freissler. 483 00:26:14,559 --> 00:26:17,139 弗赖斯勒的真正才能 See, Freissler's real talent lies 484 00:26:17,139 --> 00:26:19,359 在于利用别人的想法 in exploiting other people's ideas, 485 00:26:19,359 --> 00:26:22,146 比如使用电力 like that of using electric power. 486 00:26:23,810 --> 00:26:26,199 更快 更可靠 更强大的帕特诺斯特 Faster, more reliable and powerful paternosters 487 00:26:26,199 --> 00:26:30,029 在奥地利和欧洲卖得像煎饼一样 sell like hotcakes throughout Austria and Europe. 488 00:26:30,498 --> 00:26:31,959 因此 As a result of all this, 489 00:26:31,984 --> 00:26:34,067 奥地利皇帝任命弗赖斯勒为 the Austrian emperor makes Freissler 490 00:26:34,092 --> 00:26:36,599 帝国机器供应商 imperial machine supplier. 491 00:26:37,664 --> 00:26:40,334 （电梯 A.弗赖斯勒 电梯机械生产） 他在1910年维也纳安装的 A paternoster he installed in 1910 Vienna 492 00:26:40,359 --> 00:26:42,474 一台帕特诺斯特至今仍在运行 is still running to this day. 493 00:26:42,499 --> 00:26:47,076 他的公司直到1970年代还在制造电梯 And his company was making elevators well into the 1970s. 494 00:26:47,396 --> 00:26:51,123 他的成功全都要归功于电力 His success is really all down to electricity. 495 00:26:53,859 --> 00:26:56,326 而将电力普及的人是 And the people responsible for bringing electricity 496 00:26:56,351 --> 00:27:00,309 一个充满发明才能的家族 into general use are a family full of inventive talent called 497 00:27:00,334 --> 00:27:01,724 西门子家族 Siemens. 498 00:27:03,576 --> 00:27:05,388 一个有宏大想法的家族 A family with big ideas 499 00:27:07,419 --> 00:27:09,724 最终将引领我们进入一个 that will eventually lead to a world 500 00:27:10,184 --> 00:27:12,494 人类社会与 in which human society is part 501 00:27:12,519 --> 00:27:14,769 无法想象的巨大的机器互联网络 of an unimaginably large network 502 00:27:14,769 --> 00:27:18,857 融为一体的世界 让我们的生活更轻松 of interconnected machines making our lives easier. 503 00:27:19,304 --> 00:27:22,304 因为当弗赖斯勒专注于电梯时 Because while Freissler is focused on elevators, 504 00:27:22,329 --> 00:27:24,693 西门子家族在思考更大的事情 the Siemens are thinking really big. 505 00:27:26,019 --> 00:27:30,249 1848年 他们在柏林和法兰克福之间铺设了 In 1848, they lay a 416-mile telegraph cable 506 00:27:30,249 --> 00:27:32,097 一条416英里长的电报电缆 between Berlin and Frankfurt. 507 00:27:32,122 --> 00:27:36,312 这是欧洲第一条长距离通信线路 The first long-distance communications line in Europe. 508 00:27:40,449 --> 00:27:41,975 但这只是前期的热身 But that's just a warmup. 509 00:27:42,355 --> 00:27:44,324 1874年 他们开始 In 1874, they set off 510 00:27:44,349 --> 00:27:47,654 从新罕布什尔到新斯科舍铺设电缆 and lay the cable from New Hampshire to Nova Scotia. 511 00:27:48,129 --> 00:27:51,669 然后在8月 重要的跨大西洋部分开始了 Then in August, the serious transatlantic bit starts 512 00:27:51,669 --> 00:27:54,740 从新斯科舍到爱尔兰 going from Nova Scotia to Ireland. 513 00:27:56,799 --> 00:27:58,629 到1875年9月 By September, 1875, 514 00:27:58,629 --> 00:28:02,559 他们铺设了一条超过3000英里的电缆 they've laid a cable that's over 3,000 miles in length 515 00:28:02,559 --> 00:28:04,318 取得了巨大成功 and it's a great success. 516 00:28:06,068 --> 00:28:08,379 新的西门子电缆以当时 The new Siemens cable gets messages 517 00:28:08,379 --> 00:28:11,079 超音速的速度 每分钟16个单词 to the New York Stock Exchange and back 518 00:28:11,079 --> 00:28:12,789 双向传输 at what is, back then, 519 00:28:12,789 --> 00:28:17,789 将消息传递到纽约证券交易所 并返回 the supersonic speed of 16 words both ways every minute. 520 00:28:17,889 --> 00:28:20,019 然后他们走得更远 Then they go even further and lay a line 521 00:28:20,019 --> 00:28:21,159 从伦敦到加尔各答 from London to Calcutta. 522 00:28:21,159 --> 00:28:23,951 铺设了一条超过6800英里的线路 That's over 6,800 miles. 523 00:28:28,899 --> 00:28:30,369 但在创新方面 But innovation wise, 524 00:28:30,369 --> 00:28:32,927 西门子家族企业也未止步 the Siemens' family business is still not finished. 525 00:28:33,787 --> 00:28:37,359 1882年 令柏林人惊叹的是 In 1882, to the amazement of Berliners, 526 00:28:37,359 --> 00:28:39,549 马拉的一切都被西门子 horse drawn everything is replaced 527 00:28:39,549 --> 00:28:43,787 用架空电线运行的电车取代了 by a Siemens trolley car running on an overhead power line. 528 00:28:48,789 --> 00:28:51,189 那么 我们朝向部分生活在网络中的 So where are we on our journey to a future 529 00:28:51,189 --> 00:28:53,584 未来的旅程走到哪了 where we live partially inside the web? 530 00:28:56,229 --> 00:28:59,049 海螺壳 珍奇屋 Conch shells, cabinets of curiosity, 531 00:28:59,049 --> 00:29:01,719 德鲁·德鲁里和他的哥利亚甲虫 Dru Drury and his Goliath beetle. 532 00:29:01,719 --> 00:29:04,239 亨利·斯梅斯曼 塞拉利昂 Henry Smeathman, Sierra Leone, 533 00:29:04,239 --> 00:29:06,399 和对可靠货币的需求 and the need for reliable currency. 534 00:29:06,399 --> 00:29:08,409 马修·博尔顿 詹姆斯·瓦特 Matthew Boulton, James Watt, 535 00:29:08,409 --> 00:29:09,879 和他的蒸汽机 and his steam engine 536 00:29:09,879 --> 00:29:12,959 一起制造出了蒸汽动力铸币机 together give us steam-powered coin minting. 537 00:29:13,209 --> 00:29:15,369 他们的朋友约瑟夫·孟格菲 Their friend, Joseph Montgolfier, 538 00:29:15,369 --> 00:29:17,589 用纸制贴在热气球上 makes hot air balloons with paper. 539 00:29:17,589 --> 00:29:20,469 另一个法国人发明了一台造纸机 Another Frenchman invents a paper-making machine, 540 00:29:20,469 --> 00:29:23,919 这台机器在英国 在唐金和霍尔兄弟手中 which only finds success in England in the hands of Donkin 541 00:29:23,919 --> 00:29:25,239 才取得成功 and the Hall Brothers, 542 00:29:25,239 --> 00:29:29,169 催生了大规模生产的报纸和墙纸 giving rise to mass-produced newspapers and wallpaper. 543 00:29:29,169 --> 00:29:32,169 霍尔家族企业随后制造火棉 The Hall family business then makes gun cotton 544 00:29:32,169 --> 00:29:34,479 和蒸汽动力的帕特诺斯特 and steam-powered paternosters. 545 00:29:34,479 --> 00:29:38,379 安东·弗赖斯勒用电力 制造帕特诺斯特 Anton Freissler makes paternosters powered by electricity, 546 00:29:38,379 --> 00:29:39,579 这完全归功于 which is only possible 547 00:29:39,579 --> 00:29:42,646 西门子家族的雄心壮志 because of the ambition of the Siemens family. 548 00:29:46,689 --> 00:29:47,859 （主开关 开 关） 当时一切都电气化的 Here's another bright spark 549 00:29:47,859 --> 00:29:49,809 新世界中的另一个亮点是 back then in the new world of electrical everything 550 00:29:49,809 --> 00:29:52,927 西门子的同事 埃米尔·拉特瑙 is a colleague of Siemens, Emil Rathenau, 551 00:29:54,579 --> 00:29:57,654 他在一次展览会上看到了爱迪生的电灯 who sees Edison's electric light at an exhibition 552 00:29:58,299 --> 00:30:01,896 从此对全电气化的未来充满期待 and is turned on to an all-electric future. 553 00:30:02,263 --> 00:30:04,449 他的伟大想法是 His big idea is to suggest 554 00:30:04,449 --> 00:30:06,699 向德国邮局建议 建立第一个 the first nationwide telephone network 555 00:30:06,699 --> 00:30:09,309 全国性的电话网络 邮局同意后 to the German post office who go for it, 556 00:30:09,309 --> 00:30:12,552 等他建好基础设施后 便退出了 and then pull out after he's set up the infrastructure. 557 00:30:13,873 --> 00:30:16,479 但现在他已经在各地拉起了电线 But now he has wires strung up everywhere 558 00:30:16,479 --> 00:30:19,449 并购买了爱迪生专利中的所有权利 and has bought all the rights to Edison's patents. 559 00:30:19,449 --> 00:30:23,169 那么猜猜怎么着 如果到处都有电灯会怎么样 So guess what? How about electric lighting everywhere? 560 00:30:23,169 --> 00:30:24,879 只有一种方法可以实现它 Well, there's only one way to achieve that. 561 00:30:24,879 --> 00:30:25,899 与他的朋友 A deal with his friends 562 00:30:25,899 --> 00:30:28,029 和商业竞争对手西门子达成交易 and business competitors, the Siemens. 563 00:30:28,029 --> 00:30:31,059 因此 西门子和拉特瑙垄断了 So between them, Siemens and Rathenau corner 564 00:30:31,059 --> 00:30:32,949 德国电力市场 the German power market. 565 00:30:32,949 --> 00:30:35,091 西门子公司生产电力 The Siemens Company generates the power 566 00:30:35,116 --> 00:30:37,739 并通过拉特瑙的电线 将其输送到 and it's sent to light bulbs all over Berlin 567 00:30:37,764 --> 00:30:39,709 柏林各地的灯泡上 through Rathenau's wires. 568 00:30:43,929 --> 00:30:46,701 天作之合 对吧 A marriage made in heaven, right? 569 00:30:47,499 --> 00:30:49,629 这是一个塑造未来的关键时刻 And this is one of those shape-the-future moments 570 00:30:49,629 --> 00:30:52,965 因为100年后 也就是2000年 with knobs on because 100 years later, by 2000, 571 00:30:52,990 --> 00:30:55,539 拉特瑙的公司最终更名为德国通用电气公司 Rathenau's company ends up as AEG 572 00:30:55,539 --> 00:30:58,224 而西门子则成为一个巨型企业集团 and Siemens is a giant conglomerate. 573 00:30:58,249 --> 00:30:59,624 （西门子） 574 00:30:59,649 --> 00:31:02,589 你今天拥有的某些技术上 And probably some bit of technology you've got today 575 00:31:02,589 --> 00:31:04,537 或许就带有西门子这个名字 has the name Siemens on it. 576 00:31:05,439 --> 00:31:07,701 （西门子） 明白我说的天作之合了吧 See what I meant about a marriage made in heaven? 577 00:31:08,701 --> 00:31:10,749 我敢肯定 你一定在期待 And, as I'm sure you're expecting, 578 00:31:10,749 --> 00:31:12,966 故事的下一个情节就是发生在天堂 heaven is where the story goes next. 579 00:31:14,379 --> 00:31:15,489 因为拉特瑙 Because Rathenau's ability 580 00:31:15,489 --> 00:31:17,229 能够将电力输送到很远的地方 to send electricity a long distance, 581 00:31:17,229 --> 00:31:18,249 他确实可以 which he does, 582 00:31:18,249 --> 00:31:21,759 这促使他的一位公司董事 奥斯卡·冯·米勒 encourages one of his company directors, Oskar von Miller, 583 00:31:21,759 --> 00:31:23,979 他有做戏剧性的事情的天赋 who has a flair for the spectacular, 584 00:31:23,979 --> 00:31:27,609 他使用35英里外的发电机 to power a seven-foot-high waterfall in Munich 585 00:31:27,609 --> 00:31:31,443 为慕尼黑一座七英尺高的瀑布供电 from an electricity generator 35 miles away. 586 00:31:32,079 --> 00:31:35,880 这一事件对公众的影响引人深思 The public impact is nothing short of thought provoking. 587 00:31:37,748 --> 00:31:40,419 就连弗里德里希·恩格斯 也在写信给卡尔·马克思时谈到 Even Friedrich Engels writes to Karl Marx 588 00:31:40,419 --> 00:31:44,469 这会制造出一个被电力统一的新世界 about it creating a new world united by electric power. 589 00:31:44,469 --> 00:31:46,269 这个世界通过 A world being gradually illuminated 590 00:31:46,269 --> 00:31:49,826 与机器相连的电缆 逐渐被照亮 using connected cables linked to machines. 591 00:31:51,552 --> 00:31:54,318 奥斯卡随后提出了一个更大的想法 Oskar then moves on to a slightly bigger idea, 592 00:31:56,951 --> 00:32:01,365 即建立一个致力于他最喜欢的东西 技术的博物馆 a museum dedicated to his favorite thing, technology. 593 00:32:02,229 --> 00:32:04,869 它是德国的史密森尼博物馆 It's the German equivalent of the Smithsonian. 594 00:32:04,869 --> 00:32:06,129 这是另一个 Another museum descendant 595 00:32:06,129 --> 00:32:08,232 源自珍奇屋的博物馆 还记得珍奇屋吗 of the curiosity cabinet, remember? 596 00:32:08,919 --> 00:32:11,559 拉特瑙是该项目的顾问之一 And one of his advisors on the project is Rathenau, 597 00:32:11,559 --> 00:32:15,170 他也着迷于机器如何帮助社会 who's also obsessed with how machines can help society. 598 00:32:17,349 --> 00:32:18,729 奥斯卡的德国博物馆 Oskar's German museum, 599 00:32:18,729 --> 00:32:20,949 即慕尼黑的德意志博物馆 the Deutsches Museum in Munich, 600 00:32:20,949 --> 00:32:23,349 是世界上同类博物馆中 end up the largest technological museum 601 00:32:23,349 --> 00:32:24,969 规模最大的 of its kind in the world. 602 00:32:24,969 --> 00:32:28,749 其目的是 展示过去的创新的奇迹 The aim is to show the marvels of the innovative past 603 00:32:28,749 --> 00:32:30,029 并让人们了解 and to teach people about the 604 00:32:30,054 --> 00:32:32,259 科学对塑造未来社会的影响 future-making social effects of science, 605 00:32:32,259 --> 00:32:35,232 以及它如何改变人们的生活 how it changes people's lives. 606 00:32:36,969 --> 00:32:39,279 博物馆收藏了第一辆汽车 The museum houses the first automobile, 607 00:32:39,279 --> 00:32:40,959 第一台发电机 the first electric dynamo, 608 00:32:40,959 --> 00:32:42,459 第一台柴油发动机 the first diesel engine, 609 00:32:42,484 --> 00:32:45,343 以及首次让原子分裂的实验室工作台 and the lab bench where the atom was first split. 610 00:32:45,716 --> 00:32:49,474 博物馆最大的大厅 是航空和太空 And the largest hall in the museum is air and space. 611 00:32:49,499 --> 00:32:52,809 哦 还有一家很棒的餐厅和博物馆商店 Oh, and a great restaurant and museum shop. 612 00:32:52,809 --> 00:32:55,459 你能想到的 都在奥斯卡的博物馆里 You name it, it's in Oskar's museum. 613 00:32:57,579 --> 00:32:59,859 包括我刚才用来比喻的天堂 Including the reference I just made to heaven 614 00:32:59,859 --> 00:33:01,269 因为奥斯卡 because one of the marvels Oskar wants 615 00:33:01,269 --> 00:33:02,619 想要向公众 to present to the public 616 00:33:02,619 --> 00:33:05,513 展示的奇迹之一 是前所未见的 is something nobody's ever seen before. 617 00:33:08,263 --> 00:33:10,365 天堂的全景 A panoramic view of heaven. 618 00:33:12,069 --> 00:33:13,912 好吧 夜空 Well, the night sky. 619 00:33:15,969 --> 00:33:18,623 如果你愿意 你甚至可以加快速度 You can even get it speeded up if you wish. 620 00:33:25,329 --> 00:33:27,159 你如何重现天堂 How do you recreate the heavens? 621 00:33:27,159 --> 00:33:29,679 它不能被二维投影到屏幕上 It can't be 2D projected onto a screen. 622 00:33:29,679 --> 00:33:33,339 他们想镜像出三维的夜空空间 They wanted to mirror the 3D space of the night sky. 623 00:33:33,339 --> 00:33:37,059 这时 蔡司光学公司的工程师威廉·鲍尔斯菲尔德 And here comes an engineer called William Bauersfeld 624 00:33:37,059 --> 00:33:39,339 想到了一个办法 of the ZEISS Optical Company 625 00:33:39,339 --> 00:33:41,319 他认为可以建造一个大圆顶 who thinks of a way to build a large dome 626 00:33:41,319 --> 00:33:43,839 而不需要任何中央支撑 without the need for any kind of central support 627 00:33:43,839 --> 00:33:46,749 因为中央支撑会阻挡圆顶内部的视线 that would block an interior view of the dome. 628 00:33:46,749 --> 00:33:48,849 于是 威廉和蔡司团队 So over a period of 10 years, 629 00:33:48,849 --> 00:33:51,639 用了10年的时间 建造了一台投影仪 William and his team at ZEISS build a projector 630 00:33:51,639 --> 00:33:54,429 可以将图像投射到一个毫无遮挡的 that will shine an image onto the interior 631 00:33:54,429 --> 00:33:56,982 白色圆顶内部 of an unobstructed white-painted dome. 632 00:34:02,649 --> 00:34:04,869 投影的图像就是夜空 The image will be that of the night sky, 633 00:34:04,869 --> 00:34:07,029 1925年开幕时 which, at the opening in 1925, 634 00:34:07,029 --> 00:34:10,404 投影了夜空中有所有行星和4500颗星星 totals the planets and 4,500 stars. 635 00:34:12,939 --> 00:34:14,409 你坐在后倾的座椅上 You sit back in your reclining seat 636 00:34:14,409 --> 00:34:15,789 以免脖子扭伤 to avoid a crick in the neck 637 00:34:15,789 --> 00:34:19,810 然后仰望世界上第一座天文馆 and stare up in the world's first planetarium. 638 00:34:23,829 --> 00:34:25,059 正如我所说 As I said, 639 00:34:25,059 --> 00:34:28,130 天文馆最让人惊叹的地方就是圆顶 the big gee whiz thing about the planetarium is the dome. 640 00:34:28,629 --> 00:34:30,309 威廉·鲍尔斯菲尔德设计出了一个圆顶 William Bauersfeld comes up with a dome 641 00:34:30,309 --> 00:34:32,919 它可以靠自己立住 不需要支撑 that can stand by itself without support 642 00:34:32,919 --> 00:34:35,409 因为它由数千个三角形组成 because it's made up of thousands of triangles. 643 00:34:35,409 --> 00:34:36,669 用技术术语来说 In techno speak, 644 00:34:36,669 --> 00:34:39,754 圆顶的形状叫做二十面体 the shape of the dome is called an icosahedron. 645 00:34:39,779 --> 00:34:42,129 而且由于所有小三角形共同分担了负荷 And because of all the little triangles sharing the load, 646 00:34:42,129 --> 00:34:44,949 可以说 无论圆顶有多大 so to speak, the dome, however big, 647 00:34:44,949 --> 00:34:46,857 它都能承受任何压力 can also take any stress. 648 00:34:47,949 --> 00:34:49,449 在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战之间 Between World War I and II, 649 00:34:49,449 --> 00:34:52,329 这个新的天文馆圆顶成功建成 this new planetarium dome is successfully set up 650 00:34:52,329 --> 00:34:53,859 吸引了柏林 杜塞尔多夫 罗马 巴黎 and attracting big audiences 651 00:34:53,859 --> 00:34:56,619 芝加哥 洛杉矶 和纽约的 in Berlin, Dusseldorf, Rome, Paris, 652 00:34:56,619 --> 00:34:59,459 大量观众 Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York. 653 00:35:00,519 --> 00:35:03,912 但这个圆顶不仅仅是一个天文奇观 But this dome is more than an astronomical curiosity. 654 00:35:04,209 --> 00:35:07,929 它是我们走向未来互联世界的关键 It's key to our journey towards the future connected world 655 00:35:07,929 --> 00:35:10,170 在那里机器将与人类融合 where machines will integrate with humans. 656 00:35:12,879 --> 00:35:14,300 到20世纪50年代初 By the early 1950s, 657 00:35:14,300 --> 00:35:17,769 像鲍尔斯菲尔德这样的圆顶 可以承受很大的压力 a dome like Bauersfeld's that can take a lot of stress 658 00:35:17,769 --> 00:35:19,869 也吸引了一群人的注意 also captures the attention of a bunch of people 659 00:35:19,869 --> 00:35:21,759 他们碰巧和其他人一样 who happen to think, like everybody else, 660 00:35:21,759 --> 00:35:23,589 认为这是一位名叫 that it's an American invention 661 00:35:23,589 --> 00:35:26,199 巴克敏斯特·富勒的美国人发明的 by a man named Buckminster Fuller, 662 00:35:26,199 --> 00:35:28,029 事实上 富勒重新发明了这个想法 who has, in fact, reinvented the idea 663 00:35:28,029 --> 00:35:30,388 并称之为网格穹顶 and called it a geodesic dome. 664 00:35:31,484 --> 00:35:34,424 这群感兴趣的人想拥有网格穹顶 This bunch of interested people want the geodesic dome 665 00:35:34,449 --> 00:35:37,880 因为他们想到的是 北极的天气 because what they have in mind is Arctic weather. 666 00:35:41,802 --> 00:35:44,169 这些人来自美国国防部 The people are the U.S. Defense Department 667 00:35:44,169 --> 00:35:47,079 北极的天气阻碍了美国 and the Arctic weather is hindering a key element 668 00:35:47,079 --> 00:35:50,109 成功防御的一个关键因素 in the successful defense of the United States. 669 00:35:50,109 --> 00:35:52,119 想想一年中大部分时间 Think about what happens to Northern Canadian weather 670 00:35:52,119 --> 00:35:53,319 加拿大北部的天气 for much of the year. 671 00:35:53,319 --> 00:35:57,159 都趋于暴风雪 狂风和冰暴 It tends to be blizzards, raging gales and ice storms 672 00:35:57,159 --> 00:35:59,439 会摧毁你架设的一切 that will knock down anything you put up, 673 00:35:59,439 --> 00:36:03,639 尤其是相对脆弱的旋转雷达天线 especially relatively fragile and rotating radar antenna, 674 00:36:03,639 --> 00:36:05,049 你需要架设它 which you need to put up 675 00:36:05,049 --> 00:36:07,449 来发现任何从俄罗斯 in order to spot any nuclear bombers heading 676 00:36:07,449 --> 00:36:10,716 飞越北极袭击美国的核轰炸机 from Russia across the pole to attack America. 677 00:36:12,304 --> 00:36:14,859 但是圆顶可以保护天线 But a dome could protect the antenna. 678 00:36:14,859 --> 00:36:16,659 他们测试了这一理论 A theory they test when they leave one 679 00:36:16,659 --> 00:36:18,669 他们把一个圆顶放在新罕布什尔州的华盛顿山顶 on top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire 680 00:36:18,669 --> 00:36:22,149 那里有地球上最高的风速 where you get some of the highest wind speeds on earth, 681 00:36:22,149 --> 00:36:23,739 而这个圆顶完好无损 and it survives. 682 00:36:23,739 --> 00:36:26,499 记住 到1951年 And remember, by this time, 1951, 683 00:36:26,499 --> 00:36:28,779 我们正处于冷战 we are in the grip of the Cold War 684 00:36:28,779 --> 00:36:31,545 和潜在的核浩劫中 and potential atomic Armageddon. 685 00:36:34,719 --> 00:36:37,779 因此 他们建造了一系列保护雷达的圆顶 So they built a series of these radar-protecting domes, 686 00:36:37,779 --> 00:36:40,943 间隔开来 形成全面的覆盖 spaced out to give total radar coverage 687 00:36:40,968 --> 00:36:43,689 在加拿大北部形成一条线 all in a line across the north of Canada, 688 00:36:43,689 --> 00:36:45,609 为你提供长达四小时的 giving you up to four hours warning time 689 00:36:45,609 --> 00:36:47,248 灾难预警时间 of impending doom. 690 00:36:48,819 --> 00:36:51,249 这就是为什么这一系列站点被称为 Which is why this chain of stations becomes known 691 00:36:51,249 --> 00:36:56,420 远程预警线 或简称为DEW线 as the Distant Early Warning line or DEW Line for short. 692 00:36:57,249 --> 00:36:59,589 （远距离预警线 加拿大中部线） 我们几乎用电子屏障 We virtually surrounded the continent 693 00:36:59,589 --> 00:37:01,839 包围了整个大陆 with an electronic barrier to defend us 694 00:37:01,839 --> 00:37:05,693 以防有人驾驶轰炸机发动突然袭击 against an attempted surprise attack by manned bombers. 695 00:37:06,789 --> 00:37:09,369 这一系列雷达站 最终从加拿大的一边 This string of stations finally stretches 696 00:37:09,369 --> 00:37:11,379 延伸到另一边 from one side of Canada to the other, 697 00:37:11,379 --> 00:37:13,689 使用的雷达圆顶 using radar domes capable 698 00:37:13,689 --> 00:37:17,552 能够抵御时速120英里的冬季大风 of surviving 120-mile-an-hour winter gales. 699 00:37:18,399 --> 00:37:22,013 联网的机器经久耐用 可以保护人们 Connected machines built to last and protect people. 700 00:37:27,309 --> 00:37:29,859 这只剩下最后一个问题 Which leaves only one last problem. 701 00:37:29,859 --> 00:37:33,009 63个报告雷达站 如果它们接收到了 What is each of the 63 reporting radar stations supposed 702 00:37:33,009 --> 00:37:36,099 轰炸机的数据 应该如何处理 to do with the incoming bomber data it picks up? 703 00:37:36,099 --> 00:37:37,966 当然 希望遇不到 Hopefully none, of course. 704 00:37:38,739 --> 00:37:40,389 它需要一个指挥中心 It need to command center, 705 00:37:40,389 --> 00:37:43,740 一个大脑来控制这个紧张的系统 a brain to control this very nervous system. 706 00:37:43,765 --> 00:37:45,217 （注意 仅授权人员可入内） 707 00:37:49,959 --> 00:37:51,789 因此 在1967年 So in 1967, a base is built 708 00:37:51,789 --> 00:37:55,149 在科罗拉多斯普林斯附近的夏延山一侧 建造了一个基地 into the side of Cheyenne Mountain near Colorado Springs 709 00:37:55,149 --> 00:37:59,289 以容纳北美防空司令部 to house the North American Aerospace Defense Command, 710 00:37:59,289 --> 00:38:00,579 简称NORAD NORAD for short, 711 00:38:00,579 --> 00:38:02,709 在那里 所有飞机轨迹的雷达数据 where all the radar data on aircraft tracks 712 00:38:02,709 --> 00:38:04,809 都将被收集 分析 will be collected, analyzed, 713 00:38:04,809 --> 00:38:07,130 并显示在巨型屏幕上 and presented on a giant screen, 714 00:38:07,509 --> 00:38:11,505 全天候实时显示整个DEW线的装置 showing the whole DEW Line setup live 24/7. 715 00:38:18,944 --> 00:38:21,584 但他们很快意识到 集中指挥系统 But they soon realize that a centralized command system 716 00:38:21,609 --> 00:38:23,589 存在严重缺陷 is seriously flawed. 717 00:38:23,589 --> 00:38:26,589 如果NORAD本身被摧毁怎么办 What if NORAD itself got destroyed? 718 00:38:26,589 --> 00:38:28,299 这些机器将如何保护我们 How would the machines protect us? 719 00:38:28,299 --> 00:38:30,429 需要的是 一个没有中央指挥点的 What was needed was a defense network 720 00:38:30,429 --> 00:38:33,060 防御网络 with no central command point. 721 00:38:35,169 --> 00:38:36,579 如果一个站点被摧毁 If one site were destroyed, 722 00:38:36,579 --> 00:38:37,569 那也没关系 it wouldn't matter 723 00:38:37,569 --> 00:38:39,399 因为所有幸存的站点 because all the surviving sites 724 00:38:39,399 --> 00:38:42,068 仍然能够相互通信 would still be able to communicate with each other. 725 00:38:43,749 --> 00:38:46,529 这被称为分布式网络 This was called a distributed network. 726 00:38:46,803 --> 00:38:47,636 而要建立它 And to build it 727 00:38:47,636 --> 00:38:50,259 需要全新的 能改变未来的 would need a totally new future-changing generation 728 00:38:50,259 --> 00:38:52,841 计算和通信技术 of computing and communications technology. 729 00:38:55,479 --> 00:38:57,639 美国空中防御建造的第一个 The first network of interconnected computers 730 00:38:57,639 --> 00:39:01,839 互连计算机网络称为贤者系统 to be built for the U.S. airborne defense is called SAGE, 731 00:39:01,839 --> 00:39:05,811 全称是半自动地面防空系统 which stands for Semi-Automatic Ground Environment. 732 00:39:07,509 --> 00:39:10,629 在美国和加拿大的20多个空军基地 At more than 20 air force bases across the US and Canada, 733 00:39:10,629 --> 00:39:14,769 大型加固建筑内 装有巨型计算机 large hardened buildings contained gigantic computers 734 00:39:14,769 --> 00:39:17,942 可以共享任何有关核攻击的信息 that would share information on any nuclear attack 735 00:39:19,509 --> 00:39:22,267 并帮助人们决定如何应对 and help people to decide how to respond. 736 00:39:22,292 --> 00:39:25,600 （戒备状态） 737 00:39:26,509 --> 00:39:27,998 飞机已部署 Jet deployed. 738 00:39:31,116 --> 00:39:33,369 如果你仔细想想 Now a nuclear response needs to be instant 739 00:39:33,369 --> 00:39:34,643 核反击需要立即执行 if you think about it. 740 00:39:34,668 --> 00:39:38,259 因此从1960年开始 在发生核攻击时 So from 1960, the instant idea for what to do 741 00:39:38,259 --> 00:39:39,669 立即采取行动的想法 in the event of 742 00:39:39,669 --> 00:39:43,744 被称为统一攻击目标计划 is called a Single Integrated Operational Plan. 743 00:39:47,739 --> 00:39:50,889 本质上规则是 要么使用它们 要么失去它们 In essence, the rule is, use them or lose them. 744 00:39:50,889 --> 00:39:53,109 它们指的是核武器 Them being nuclear weapons. 745 00:39:53,109 --> 00:39:54,764 这里说的是 To be used, it says here, 746 00:39:54,789 --> 00:39:56,169 当你收到可能遭到攻击的警告时 immediately when you get a warning 747 00:39:56,169 --> 00:39:57,519 立即使用 of what might be an attack. 748 00:39:57,519 --> 00:39:59,229 所以在那一刻， So at that moment, 749 00:39:59,229 --> 00:40:02,267 你会发起攻击 因为你没有第二次机会 you strike because you won't get a second chance. 750 00:40:04,869 --> 00:40:06,639 可怕的前景是 The terrifying prospect is, 751 00:40:06,639 --> 00:40:09,459 至少在30年后出现新系统之前 at least until new systems come along 30 years later, 752 00:40:09,459 --> 00:40:12,984 世界末日可能会意外发生 that the end of the world might happen by accident. 753 00:40:13,329 --> 00:40:15,129 比如有一次令人难忘的事件 Like one memorable occasion 754 00:40:15,129 --> 00:40:17,199 当时发现了一队轰炸机 when a fleet of incoming bombers is spotted 755 00:40:17,199 --> 00:40:20,378 后来才知道 那是月亮在挪威上空升起 and then turns out to be the moon coming up over Norway. 756 00:40:20,829 --> 00:40:22,869 成群的鸟 和奇怪的太阳耀斑 Flocks of birds and the odd solar flare 757 00:40:22,869 --> 00:40:24,803 也造成了混乱 caused confusion as well. 758 00:40:25,119 --> 00:40:29,019 最糟糕的是 在一个非常难忘的事件中 And worst of all, on one super memorable occasion, 759 00:40:29,019 --> 00:40:31,689 操作员将模拟攻击的场景磁带 加载到了系统上 an operator loads a practice attack scenario tape 760 00:40:31,714 --> 00:40:34,834 每个人都认为那是真的 onto the system and everybody thinks it's real. 761 00:40:36,639 --> 00:40:39,009 与此同时 为了避免因技术故障 Meanwhile, in an effort to avoid disaster 762 00:40:39,009 --> 00:40:40,509 而导致灾难 by technological glitch, 763 00:40:40,509 --> 00:40:43,254 越来越多的技术被添加到系统中 more and more tech stuff is being added to the system. 764 00:40:44,374 --> 00:40:46,629 越来越多的美国国防承包商 And more and more U.S. defense contractors, 765 00:40:46,629 --> 00:40:47,979 特别是大学 particularly universities, 766 00:40:47,979 --> 00:40:49,749 被添加到网络中 are being added to the network 767 00:40:49,749 --> 00:40:51,720 网络开始变得眼熟了 and it's starting to look familiar. 768 00:40:52,959 --> 00:40:57,959 到20世纪70年代 有了键盘 鼠标 调制解调器 路由器 By the 1970s, there's keyboards, mice, modems, routers, 769 00:40:58,029 --> 00:41:01,379 分组交换 以太网电缆等 packet switching, ethernet cables, and the rest. 770 00:41:09,159 --> 00:41:11,619 那么我们有什么了 所有这些又将如何引领我们走向 So what do we have and how does all this lead us 771 00:41:11,619 --> 00:41:15,321 一个我们都进入互联网的未来 to a future where we all end up inside the internet? 772 00:41:15,999 --> 00:41:19,719 海螺壳 珍奇屋 德鲁·德鲁里 Conch shells, cabinets of curiosity, Dru Drury, 773 00:41:19,719 --> 00:41:22,509 哥利亚甲虫 亨利·斯米斯曼 Goliath beetles, Henry Smeathman, 774 00:41:22,509 --> 00:41:25,059 奴隶贸易 和塞拉利昂 the slave trade and Sierra Leone, 775 00:41:25,059 --> 00:41:28,089 马修·博尔顿 詹姆斯·瓦特 蒸汽机 Matthew Boulton, James Watt, the steam engine, 776 00:41:28,089 --> 00:41:30,165 和他们的新铸币机 and their new minting machine. 777 00:41:30,399 --> 00:41:33,176 约瑟夫·孟格菲和他的热气球 Joseph Montgolfier and his hot air balloons, 778 00:41:33,849 --> 00:41:35,439 唐金和霍尔兄弟 paper-making machines built in England 779 00:41:35,439 --> 00:41:37,389 在英国制造的造纸机 by Donkin and the Halls, 780 00:41:37,389 --> 00:41:40,749 他们还制造硝化棉和帕特诺斯特 who also make gun cotton and build paternosters. 781 00:41:40,749 --> 00:41:44,866 弗雷斯勒拥有西门子提供的电力 As does Freissler with electric power provided by Siemens 782 00:41:45,099 --> 00:41:46,749 他铺设电报线路 who lay telegraph lines 783 00:41:46,749 --> 00:41:48,369 帮助德国博物馆 and help open the German museum 784 00:41:48,369 --> 00:41:50,975 开设带有网格穹顶的天文馆 with its planetarium geodesic dome, 785 00:41:51,219 --> 00:41:53,019 这使得DEW线成为可能 which makes possible DEW Line 786 00:41:53,019 --> 00:41:55,869 并解决了它的网络通信问题 and the answer to its network communications problem, 787 00:41:55,869 --> 00:41:59,439 分布式网络 之前连接机器 a distributed network connecting machines 788 00:41:59,439 --> 00:42:01,457 现在连接我们 that then connect to us. 789 00:42:06,729 --> 00:42:07,989 现在 你已经猜到了 Well, by now you'll have guessed 790 00:42:07,989 --> 00:42:09,849 我们在这个节目中走向的未来 which future we're heading for in this program 791 00:42:09,849 --> 00:42:13,059 因为所有这些东西加起来 since all this stuff adds up to the other thing 792 00:42:13,059 --> 00:42:14,639 就是DEW线的另一个发展方向 that comes out of DEW Line. 793 00:42:16,479 --> 00:42:18,819 最初设计用于 The solution originally designed 794 00:42:18,819 --> 00:42:20,829 连接所有雷达站 to connect all those radar stations 795 00:42:20,829 --> 00:42:23,417 最终成为了互联网 and which becomes the internet. 796 00:42:25,749 --> 00:42:27,909 互联网是自印刷术发明以来 The internet is the single greatest advance 797 00:42:27,909 --> 00:42:30,339 使信息和通信以最广泛的规模 in making information and communication available 798 00:42:30,339 --> 00:42:33,219 提供给最多人的 on the widest scale to the most people 799 00:42:33,219 --> 00:42:36,067 最伟大的进步 since perhaps the invention of print. 800 00:42:36,369 --> 00:42:39,489 互联网包含有关我们世界的大量信息 Containing vast amounts of information about our world, 801 00:42:39,489 --> 00:42:42,324 就像所有珍奇屋的源头 like the mother of all cabinets of curiosity. 802 00:42:47,049 --> 00:42:49,724 我们如鱼得水地使用互联网 And we have taken to it like a fish to water. 803 00:42:50,679 --> 00:42:52,719 我们已经将数十亿人之间的 Already we take for granted billions 804 00:42:52,719 --> 00:42:55,037 在线联系 视为理所当然 of people-to-people contact online. 805 00:42:55,394 --> 00:42:57,344 每个人都可以访问互联网 The internet is totally accessible, 806 00:42:57,369 --> 00:42:59,679 它促进了不断的创新 it facilitates constant innovation, 807 00:42:59,704 --> 00:43:02,199 并能立即适应变化 and it adapts instantly to change. 808 00:43:03,129 --> 00:43:05,379 作为一个分布式网络 And as a distributed network, 809 00:43:05,379 --> 00:43:07,839 它削弱了自工业革命以来 it weakens the old centralizing command structure 810 00:43:07,839 --> 00:43:09,249 我们的社会机构的 of the institutions 811 00:43:09,249 --> 00:43:11,933 旧式集中指挥结构 with us since the Industrial Revolution. 812 00:43:12,459 --> 00:43:15,039 它质疑我们所有旧的价值体系 It questions all our old value systems, 813 00:43:15,039 --> 00:43:17,594 一刀切的教育性质 the one-size-fits all nature of education, 814 00:43:18,159 --> 00:43:21,798 所谓的政治代表过程的实用性 the relevance of so-called represented political processes, 815 00:43:22,389 --> 00:43:23,799 少数服从多数的 the nine-to-five office routine 816 00:43:23,799 --> 00:43:25,903 我们过去遵守的 老旧的社会规则 followed by the obedient majority, 817 00:43:26,979 --> 00:43:30,317 即朝九晚五的办公室惯例 the old organized community we used to conform to. 818 00:43:34,959 --> 00:43:36,759 但我们迫切需要思考 But the reason above all we need urgently 819 00:43:36,759 --> 00:43:39,047 互联网未来的首要原因是 to think about our internet future 820 00:43:39,219 --> 00:43:43,479 因为互联网已经使每台机器能够 is because already the internet enables every machine 821 00:43:43,479 --> 00:43:46,029 直接与其他机器对话 to talk directly to every other machine 822 00:43:46,029 --> 00:43:48,087 让每个人的生活更轻松 to make everybody's life easier. 823 00:43:52,269 --> 00:43:54,159 一天结束后回到家 房间里 Come home at the end of the day to a house 824 00:43:54,159 --> 00:43:57,413 机器与机器之间 智能地运转着 operating machine to machine intelligently. 825 00:43:58,209 --> 00:44:00,039 它知道你什么时候离开办公室 It knows when you left the office, 826 00:44:00,039 --> 00:44:03,459 所以房间是温暖的 你想开灯的地方 灯就会开 so it's warm, the lights are on where you want them, 827 00:44:03,459 --> 00:44:05,319 你点的外卖已经送达 your food order has been delivered, 828 00:44:05,319 --> 00:44:08,739 电话已经被回应 预约已经被安排好 phone calls have been answered, appointments scheduled. 829 00:44:08,739 --> 00:44:12,263 你的电视已经准备好播放你最喜欢的节目 Your TV is ready to show you your favorite programs. 830 00:44:12,699 --> 00:44:14,949 这座智能房屋能做的一切 And everything this intelligent house can do, 831 00:44:14,949 --> 00:44:16,899 都是响应你的声音而做的 it does in response to your voice. 832 00:44:16,899 --> 00:44:18,418 只要对它说话 Just talk to it. 833 00:44:18,443 --> 00:44:19,806 灯亮了 Lights on. 834 00:44:20,769 --> 00:44:23,079 你甚至可能不需要这么做 And you may not even need to do that. 835 00:44:23,079 --> 00:44:25,629 罗德岛布朗大学的研究人员 Researchers at Brown University in Rhode Island 836 00:44:25,629 --> 00:44:27,429 对瘫痪患者 have conducted a wide range of tests 837 00:44:27,429 --> 00:44:29,572 进行了广泛的测试 involving people with paralysis. 838 00:44:29,949 --> 00:44:34,179 使用连接到大脑运动皮层的设备 Using devices attached to the motor cortex of their brains, 839 00:44:34,179 --> 00:44:37,419 BrainGate临床试验的参与者 participants in the BrainGate clinical trials 840 00:44:37,419 --> 00:44:41,284 能够用他们的思想控制计算机 are able to control computers with their thoughts. 841 00:44:41,739 --> 00:44:45,879 2018年 志愿者能够互相聊天 In 2018, volunteers were able to chat to one another 842 00:44:45,879 --> 00:44:49,359 甚至可以在电子钢琴上弹奏音符 and even to play notes on an electronic piano. 843 00:44:50,799 --> 00:44:52,441 这就是我们今天的发展程度 That's where we are today. 844 00:44:53,409 --> 00:44:55,495 但这一切会把我们带向何方 But where is all this taking us? 845 00:44:56,769 --> 00:45:00,012 一个没有疾病的未来怎么样 How about a future where there is no more disease 846 00:45:00,819 --> 00:45:02,919 因为植入物会给你注射药物 because implants are administering drugs 847 00:45:02,919 --> 00:45:04,479 来保持健康 to keep you healthy? 848 00:45:04,479 --> 00:45:05,649 还有心理健康 And mental health? 849 00:45:05,649 --> 00:45:08,196 最重要的是 你想感觉良好 那就去吧 Above all, you want to feel good, go for it. 850 00:45:08,196 --> 00:45:11,889 让你的传感器来监控和控制你的心态 Get your sensors to monitor and control your mindset. 851 00:45:11,889 --> 00:45:14,379 植入物会释放抗抑郁药 So implants release antidepressants. 852 00:45:14,379 --> 00:45:17,356 所以你是一只永远快乐的兔子 So you are a permanently happy bunny. 853 00:45:18,189 --> 00:45:19,330 但为什么不呢 But why not? 854 00:45:23,769 --> 00:45:27,789 随着我们通过互联网深入增强现实的世界 As we slip deeper into an augmented world with the internet, 855 00:45:27,789 --> 00:45:30,699 人工耳蜗可能会控制我们听到的声音 cochlear implants might control what we hear, 856 00:45:30,699 --> 00:45:32,379 感知我们周围的声音 sensing the sounds around us, 857 00:45:32,379 --> 00:45:35,319 并调整我们听到的内容和听到的方式 and adjusting what we hear and how we hear it. 858 00:45:35,319 --> 00:45:37,539 隐形眼镜 甚至眼部植入物 Contact lenses or even eye implants 859 00:45:37,539 --> 00:45:39,729 都会通过访问互联网 will give us real-time directions 860 00:45:39,729 --> 00:45:43,569 为我们提供实时方向 或识别我们看到的任何东西 or identify anything we look at by accessing the internet. 861 00:45:43,569 --> 00:45:46,089 那套西装或连衣裙怎么样 What about that suit or dress? 862 00:45:46,089 --> 00:45:47,967 或者那双鞋怎么样 Or how about those shoes? 863 00:45:48,249 --> 00:45:50,168 这是商店地址和价格 Here's the shop and the price. 864 00:45:51,009 --> 00:45:52,629 路过的人是谁 Who's that walking past? 865 00:45:52,629 --> 00:45:54,969 这是他们的名字和联系方式 Here's their name and contact details. 866 00:45:54,969 --> 00:45:56,349 健忘 Getting forgetful? 867 00:45:56,349 --> 00:45:58,989 植入一个可以下载记忆的植入物 How about an implant to download your memories 868 00:45:58,989 --> 00:46:01,779 并将新记忆直接从互联网 and a way to upload new memories directly 869 00:46:01,779 --> 00:46:04,569 上传到大脑的记忆中心 from the internet to your hippocampus, 870 00:46:04,569 --> 00:46:06,447 海马体 怎么样 the brain's memory center? 871 00:46:10,389 --> 00:46:14,146 所有这些东西都已在开发中 All these things are already in development. 872 00:46:21,159 --> 00:46:23,679 但在未来 当所有机器 But in a future when all the machines talk 873 00:46:23,679 --> 00:46:25,396 都与其他机器 to all the other machines 874 00:46:25,599 --> 00:46:28,229 以及我们体内的机器对话时 and the ones inside our own bodies, 875 00:46:28,989 --> 00:46:30,639 当我们几乎什么都不需要做时 what will life be like 876 00:46:30,639 --> 00:46:33,329 生活会是什么样子 when there's literally nothing we have to do? 877 00:46:36,219 --> 00:46:38,019 还有一件小事需要考虑 One small matter left to consider, 878 00:46:38,019 --> 00:46:40,179 谁来编程所有的传感器 who programs all the sensors? 879 00:46:40,179 --> 00:46:41,198 一台机器吗 A machine? 880 00:46:43,162 --> 00:46:46,561 我们所有人最终都会成为机器的一部分吗 And will all of us end up just part of the machine? 881 00:46:46,719 --> 00:46:49,146 我们都在网络中吗 Are we in the net?