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- [Narrator] Summer ended several days ago.

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The grasshoppers have ceased to sing,

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and the ants will soon be eating their corpses.

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Everything old is disappearing.

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(dramatic music)

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Autumn is invading the whole of Iberia.

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It's not always on time,

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nor does it arrive everywhere at the same time.

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The seasonal conditions sometimes arrive early or late

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by perhaps a week or two.

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But the hours of daylight grow shorter

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and the nights grow cooler.

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The first rains come and the summer heat is long gone.

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(rain pattering)

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(gentle music)

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(birds chirping) (insects chirping)

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It has begun to rain in the hills of Toledo.

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Soon the grass will grow and that energizes the red deer.

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(deer bellowing)

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They've been thirsty.

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(deer bellowing)

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The golden color of the fields

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is a sign that it has rained little in this land

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during the summer.

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No doubt it was very nice on the seacoast

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and near other sources of water, but this country is tough.

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The dryness and the heat

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in the hilly Mediterranean inland are extreme.

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The deer in this part of the world aren't the biggest,

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nor do they have the biggest horns,

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nor do they have the most striking coats,

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but they're very tough.

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They're the only deer

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who can withstand the rigors of life here

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with no more help than their own genes.

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Autumn is their mating season, the rut.

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From North to South,

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the entire Iberian Peninsula resounds with their bellowing

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day and night, but especially night.

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(deer bellowing)

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Their hormones and their need to mate

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turn the male deer against each other.

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All the bucks want the same thing:

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a harem and some territory.

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There aren't many more does than bucks,

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and each dominant male can claim up 50 females for himself.

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So there are never enough does to go around.

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The strongest bucks

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take possession of all the does they can,

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while the rest of the males, the vast majority,

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simply won't reproduce.

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That's the most common rule in Nature.

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The only things that vary are what each species looks for

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and how they do it.

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Cabaneros National Park is a red deer's paradise,

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although the number of deer per square kilometer

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may already be too great

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and the tension during the rut is very high.

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But they have no direct predators.

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Wolves haven't hunted around here for a long time,

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so the natural selection of the reproductive males

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is made above all by fighting.

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(gentle music)
(deer bellowing)

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(antlers clacking)

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When they do battle,

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the greatest danger to the deer isn't getting gored,

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but dying of exhaustion.

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In this land of scarcity, burning heat, and icy cold,

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endurance is the most important quality.

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(deer bellowing)

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These two large bucks know each other well.

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They've already fought on numerous occasions

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and have a big score to settle.

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They're deciding who should prevail.

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(deer bellowing)

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Each large male boasts a territory

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that ranges from two to eight acres.

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They defend these areas as their own personal territory

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because they're prime land

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where the grass grows the earliest, with the first rains,

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and the females gather around these territories.

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(deer bellowing)

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They essentially come to eat.

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Although they also come

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not so much because they're attracted to the dominant males,

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but in order to dodge the sexual attentions

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of the pesky young bucks so persistently pursuing them.

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(antlers clacking)

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(deer bellowing)

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(antlers clacking)

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(deer bellowing)

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When there is enough grass to eat,

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the females tend to drift apart,

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and then the alfa male has to round them up,

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chasing them constantly, desperately.

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(deer bellowing)

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Autumn is an exhausting time for the bucks.

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There are days in this season

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when it seems like the good weather is back.

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The ladybugs, the beetles with the seven polka dots,

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are also sexually active at this time of year,

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as if inspired by the red deer.

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(gentle music)

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But what triggers the reproductive behavior of these insects

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precisely now is just the right combination of temperature,

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light, and humidity.

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Some autumns reproduce the same weather conditions

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of certain spring seasons,

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and some life forms can't tell the difference

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or they try to squeeze out an extra generation.

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There's no question that if a climatological catastrophe

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wiped out the winter season,

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the genes of these insects would be the first to prosper.

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But under normal conditions,

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this autumn's generation would spend the whole winter

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in the form of an egg,

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and the new larvae would be born in spring

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just as they should be.

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(insects chirping)

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Donana is in the southwestern corner of Europe,

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a wetland like no other anywhere else in the world.

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It's full of life, (birds chirping)

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marshes, pine forests, and sand,

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although it's small and vulnerable.

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Donana is almost African.

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Just 10 miles as the crow flies

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separate it from the neighboring continent,

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barely a hop, skip, and jump

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for many of the birds that pass through here

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on their annual migratory round trips.

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They all tend to lay over in this land

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that dries up or floods with water according to the season.

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(birds chirping)

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Some flowers only open at this time of year, in October.

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(gentle music)

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This species sprouts from a bulb

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that can only be found in Iberia.

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It's popularly known in Spain as the quitameriendas,

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or snack suppressor,

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because it emerges when the days are growing shorter

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and there's less time between lunch and dinner,

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so it blooms when there's no longer time

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to have a mid-afternoon snack.

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There's always some insect ready to savor some nectar

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and in exchange, fertilize each season's flowers.

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But autumn's flowers are few,

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and that's why so much life gathers around them.

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What's more, they don't last long.

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Time is working against them and in favor of the cold.

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(wind whistling) (birds chirping)

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In northern Europe, the weather conditions have once again

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forced the cranes to make their migratory journey.

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These birds are very tough,

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but they could never survive the winter

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so close to the polar circle.

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By mid-October, the first cranes are crossing the Pyrenees.

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They fly in formation,

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thus reducing the friction with the air,

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and in that way, they save up to 30% of their energy.

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Nevertheless, many won't reach their destination.

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Their flying speed varies from 40 to 80 kilometers per hour,

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depending on whether they can take advantage of the winds.

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As they try to find the most favorable winds,

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they sometimes fly close to the ground,

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barely 200 meters over the trees,

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and then it's impossible not to notice when they soar by

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because their flocks are very noisy.

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(cranes squawking)

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Sometimes, however, flocks of cranes fly at altitudes

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of more than four kilometers,

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but even then you can hear them if you pay attention.

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(gentle music) (cranes squawking)

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Far below the cranes,

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the ants' activity is frenetic wherever you look.

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The gatherers are filling the last empty shelves

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in the pantry with whatever they can find.

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The ants are expanding their chambers or making preparations

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to handle the water that could soon pour into the ant nest.

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(birds chirping) (insects chirping)

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(wind whistling)

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(gentle music)

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Iberia is located on the perfect latitude

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to feel clearly the four seasons that take place here

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as the planet revolves around the Sun.

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The 23-degree inclination of the Earth's axis

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now causes the rays of sunlight to strike the land

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at a steeper angle than in summertime.

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And that changes everything.

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(woman vocalizing)

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The rain and the longer and longer nights

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continue to lower the temperatures,

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plus the altitude in the Guadarrama Mountains

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accentuates the cold.

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The drop in temperatures

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makes the reptiles and amphibians sleepy.

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Their movements become clumsier,

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and their ability to attack or to flee

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is quickly diminishing.

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It won't be long before it's time to hibernate,

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but they all must try to do their best

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to store as much energy as possible.

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(rain pattering)

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The rain also has its effects underground.

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Buried alive, the young of the Spanish pond tortoises

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see their opportunity.

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The increased humidity of the soil

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finally allows them to come above ground.

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They've stayed practically immobile in this narrow burrow

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since last summer,

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when they broke through their shells and hatched.

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(gentle music)

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Now they can emerge

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because the wet earth has become soft enough

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for them to dig their way out.

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(birds chirping)

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If this autumn had been drier,

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the little tortoises might have been forced to wait

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until next spring, but they were lucky.

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The first thing their eyes see is a cool autumn day.

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Their instincts orient all of them in the same direction.

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They immediately look for water

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because on land, they're easy prey for just about anybody.

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The Spanish pond tortoises

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is a species indigenous to the Iberian Peninsula,

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although it can also be found

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on the other side of the Strait of Gibraltar in Africa.

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Perhaps they can take advantage of a few warm days

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to feed on aquatic larvae and carrion.

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Soon these waters will freeze over

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and they won't be able to stay active.

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They'll have to look for a river or lake bottom

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that's deep enough and muddy enough to survive the winter.

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The rain will fill these shallow ponds

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and afford them a new opportunity.

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(water lapping) (birds chirping)

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It's late October.

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The tarantula wolf spider

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now brings its young out into the world.

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She doesn't need to eat anymore.

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She's already done her duty.

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She's four years old and enormous for her species.

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She'll die soon, in just a few days,

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but as long as she can walk,

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she'll carry her 100 children on her abdomen

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so that her offspring can spread out

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over as large a territory as possible.

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The newborn spiders will leave their mother

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wherever happenstance or instinct tells them to.

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(dramatic music)

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Water should also be covering the parched ground

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in the Donana marshlands.

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But in the south of Spain,

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the rain almost always arrives late.

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And that ruins everybody's plans.

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The fallow deer have been restless for several weeks.

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They've been bellowing more than usual

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and that demands a lot of effort.

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(deer bellowing)

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Their bellowing means

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that they're in their reproductive period.

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The males have fought hard for the females,

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and many of them have been impregnated.

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But not all of them by the best males.

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As a consequence of the drought,

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there's not enough grass available,

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and that has forced the does to disperse.

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That has also stretched out the period of the rut

268
00:23:27,860 --> 00:23:30,150
and made it more difficult for the champion bucks

269
00:23:30,150 --> 00:23:33,503
to keep large and faithful harems under their protection.

270
00:23:36,020 --> 00:23:38,770
The fallow deer are the subject of in-depth studies

271
00:23:38,770 --> 00:23:42,920
in southern Spain, and researchers have recently discovered

272
00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:45,393
that not everything is as simple as we thought.

273
00:23:46,470 --> 00:23:48,340
The species' sexual behavior

274
00:23:48,340 --> 00:23:50,310
doesn't follow the human stereotypes

275
00:23:50,310 --> 00:23:52,343
as closely as we believed it did.

276
00:23:56,360 --> 00:23:59,700
Apparently, when faced with unusual weather conditions,

277
00:23:59,700 --> 00:24:01,710
the bucks with different body shapes

278
00:24:01,710 --> 00:24:03,630
can try a variety of strategies

279
00:24:03,630 --> 00:24:05,563
in the attempt to have descendants.

280
00:24:06,616 --> 00:24:09,366
(deer bellowing)

281
00:24:12,280 --> 00:24:14,690
And so it is that some quite small males

282
00:24:14,690 --> 00:24:16,900
with very unimpressive horns,

283
00:24:16,900 --> 00:24:20,090
which wouldn't dare to challenge the bigger males directly,

284
00:24:20,090 --> 00:24:23,050
are on the alert to take advantage of any lapse in security

285
00:24:23,050 --> 00:24:25,490
on the part of the owner of the harem,

286
00:24:25,490 --> 00:24:27,820
and their greater agility gives them an advantage

287
00:24:27,820 --> 00:24:29,303
if they have to run away.

288
00:24:34,064 --> 00:24:36,814
(deer bellowing)

289
00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:41,363
That's the way they can reproduce.

290
00:24:47,959 --> 00:24:50,709
(deer bellowing)

291
00:24:55,890 --> 00:24:58,400
The late flooding of these vast flats

292
00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:00,993
gives a lot of opportunists better chances,

293
00:25:03,520 --> 00:25:06,340
but the consequences of the lack of water now

294
00:25:06,340 --> 00:25:08,293
will be evident next spring.

295
00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:13,520
If the births of the fawns are also delayed,

296
00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:16,130
many may not have a chance to survive.

297
00:25:29,093 --> 00:25:31,843
(deer bellowing)

298
00:25:53,053 --> 00:25:55,803
(deer bellowing)

299
00:26:13,202 --> 00:26:16,119
(cranes squawking)

300
00:26:23,250 --> 00:26:26,161
The common crane reproduces and raises its chicks

301
00:26:26,161 --> 00:26:28,880
in Scandinavia and northern Russia

302
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:31,550
and spends the hottest moths of the year there,

303
00:26:31,550 --> 00:26:33,433
from March to October.

304
00:26:36,510 --> 00:26:39,730
But now it's time to seek refuge from the low temperatures

305
00:26:39,730 --> 00:26:40,853
and lack of light.

306
00:26:42,230 --> 00:26:46,573
So they come South, flying up to 3,000 kilometers.

307
00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:53,670
They look for places

308
00:26:53,670 --> 00:26:56,423
where ice and snow don't hide all the food.

309
00:27:04,130 --> 00:27:08,583
Some fly to Turkey, many others to Italy and Greece.

310
00:27:13,910 --> 00:27:16,633
But most choose the Western European route,

311
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:22,680
and so each year more than 100,000 cranes arrive in Iberia.

312
00:27:23,050 --> 00:27:25,967
(cranes squawking)

313
00:27:28,234 --> 00:27:32,300
Gallocanta is their most important gathering point,

314
00:27:32,300 --> 00:27:34,053
the species' favorite spot.

315
00:27:40,670 --> 00:27:42,320
Many cranes just stop here

316
00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:45,370
to rest for a few days and regain their strength

317
00:27:45,370 --> 00:27:47,960
before continuing on their migratory journey

318
00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:50,620
to the open oak groves of Extremadura

319
00:27:50,620 --> 00:27:52,243
or even North Africa.

320
00:27:55,510 --> 00:27:58,203
But many others spend the whole winter here.

321
00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:03,610
The lakes of Gallocanta are surrounded by fields

322
00:28:03,610 --> 00:28:08,540
recently sown with grain, and their shallow, salty waters

323
00:28:08,540 --> 00:28:11,400
are the perfect haven to avoid foxes,

324
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:13,413
wild boar, and wolves.

325
00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:28,910
Soon people here will be celebrating All Saints' Day,

326
00:28:28,910 --> 00:28:30,243
the 1st of November.

327
00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:35,890
The season's first freeze will kill off the praying mantises

328
00:28:35,890 --> 00:28:37,423
that were born last spring.

329
00:28:38,900 --> 00:28:41,850
At the end of their lives, when death is near,

330
00:28:41,850 --> 00:28:45,513
is when this mantis can behave in the most extreme ways,

331
00:28:47,350 --> 00:28:49,680
like eating the male during copulation

332
00:28:51,186 --> 00:28:53,193
or fighting another female.

333
00:28:59,740 --> 00:29:03,310
Two females have coincided on the same prime spot

334
00:29:03,310 --> 00:29:05,690
from where they wanted to release their pheromones

335
00:29:05,690 --> 00:29:09,083
to call out to any male that might still survive.

336
00:29:11,581 --> 00:29:14,370
But more than a fight over territory,

337
00:29:14,370 --> 00:29:17,113
this is going to be a fight fueled by hunger.

338
00:29:21,350 --> 00:29:24,610
There's little food left in the ecosystem.

339
00:29:24,610 --> 00:29:28,163
The mantises may be the only insects that are still active,

340
00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:32,870
so the body of one of their peers

341
00:29:32,870 --> 00:29:35,740
may provide the last available proteins

342
00:29:35,740 --> 00:29:38,393
to lay one more batch of eggs.

343
00:29:39,750 --> 00:29:42,567
Yes, mantises can be cannibals.

344
00:29:42,567 --> 00:29:45,317
(dramatic music)

345
00:30:33,605 --> 00:30:36,522
(woman vocalizing)

346
00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:24,000
In the north of the peninsula,

347
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:27,140
in the foothills at the western end of the Pyrenees,

348
00:31:27,140 --> 00:31:31,173
the colorful forest leaves no doubt as to what's going on.

349
00:31:38,610 --> 00:31:43,130
Yellow, brown, ochre, and red

350
00:31:45,180 --> 00:31:47,393
as well as the original green.

351
00:31:52,980 --> 00:31:56,510
One by one, the beech trees in the Irati Forest

352
00:31:56,510 --> 00:31:59,053
have gradually shut off the flow of sap.

353
00:32:00,220 --> 00:32:04,783
One by one, their leaves die and change, and they fall.

354
00:32:14,670 --> 00:32:17,920
The trees fall dormant, but not dead,

355
00:32:17,920 --> 00:32:20,910
until the right conditions return to wake up again

356
00:32:22,570 --> 00:32:24,383
after about six months.

357
00:32:33,330 --> 00:32:36,830
In this way, plants can live intermittently,

358
00:32:36,830 --> 00:32:41,013
but for a much longer time, much longer.

359
00:32:44,140 --> 00:32:47,340
Some of these beeches are over 40 meters high

360
00:32:47,340 --> 00:32:48,953
and are hundreds of years old.

361
00:33:05,180 --> 00:33:08,600
This young seedling is still quite small

362
00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:10,853
and just being stepped on could kill it.

363
00:33:18,820 --> 00:33:22,300
But it could grow to become like one of its brothers

364
00:33:22,300 --> 00:33:26,820
and still be alive in the year 2300 or 2400,

365
00:33:26,820 --> 00:33:27,883
if we respect it.

366
00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:35,970
Many living beings will depend on the survival of the trees

367
00:33:35,970 --> 00:33:38,633
in these 50,000 acres of forest.

368
00:33:43,330 --> 00:33:46,763
This is one of the largest beech forests in all of Europe,

369
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:49,610
and there are several others nearby

370
00:33:49,610 --> 00:33:52,083
that would like to form one giant forest.

371
00:33:57,840 --> 00:33:59,290
When the leaves fall,

372
00:33:59,290 --> 00:34:02,643
that allows more rays of light to reach the forest floor.

373
00:34:08,120 --> 00:34:10,840
And so the mushrooms get their opportunity

374
00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:12,530
before the temperatures drop enough

375
00:34:12,530 --> 00:34:16,623
to bring serious freezes. (bright music)

376
00:34:27,990 --> 00:34:30,740
The organisms that make the most of this weather

377
00:34:30,740 --> 00:34:33,420
aren't animals, nor plants,

378
00:34:33,420 --> 00:34:36,830
but rather beings that are somewhere in-between

379
00:34:36,830 --> 00:34:40,133
and that need inorganic food as much as living matter.

380
00:34:43,290 --> 00:34:46,233
The entire forest is connected to the fungi.

381
00:35:19,980 --> 00:35:22,780
The roots of 90% of plant species

382
00:35:22,780 --> 00:35:24,983
are entwined with the hyphae of fungi.

383
00:35:27,870 --> 00:35:29,770
Only thanks to this symbiosis

384
00:35:29,770 --> 00:35:31,943
can plants obtain the nutrients they need,

385
00:35:33,290 --> 00:35:35,760
and in exchange they offer the mushrooms

386
00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:38,147
the water that they can't get on their own.

387
00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:47,120
The mushrooms are reproducing in autumn

388
00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:48,693
in the Northern Hemisphere.

389
00:35:52,380 --> 00:35:55,843
And that's why they're opening their umbrellas above ground.

390
00:35:57,140 --> 00:36:00,183
The only purpose of these organs is reproduction.

391
00:36:01,870 --> 00:36:05,280
They rise a little above the ground and the fallen leaves

392
00:36:05,280 --> 00:36:07,450
looking for a little help from the air currents

393
00:36:07,450 --> 00:36:10,343
to spread their spores as far as possible.

394
00:36:12,460 --> 00:36:14,310
These millions of cells

395
00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:17,323
contain the genetic code of each individual mushroom.

396
00:36:24,370 --> 00:36:25,893
They're countless.

397
00:36:27,090 --> 00:36:29,640
For days, even whole weeks,

398
00:36:29,640 --> 00:36:33,370
innumerable spores will fly incessantly from each cap

399
00:36:38,280 --> 00:36:40,590
with the aim of at least one them

400
00:36:40,590 --> 00:36:42,403
growing into a new mushroom.

401
00:36:43,750 --> 00:36:46,813
Another fungus, a clone of its parent,

402
00:36:47,930 --> 00:36:52,330
because there's no sex involved, only multiplication

403
00:36:55,340 --> 00:36:57,280
until the frost withers them.

404
00:37:38,240 --> 00:37:41,053
This is still a land of forests.

405
00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:45,680
In the Middle Ages, it was said that a squirrel

406
00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:47,690
could cross the Iberian Peninsula

407
00:37:47,690 --> 00:37:49,950
by jumping from branch to branch,

408
00:37:49,950 --> 00:37:52,073
without ever touching the ground.

409
00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:55,960
Today there are many fewer forests,

410
00:37:55,960 --> 00:37:57,317
and they're much smaller,

411
00:37:57,317 --> 00:38:00,280
but Spain is still the second country

412
00:38:00,280 --> 00:38:05,280
with the most woodlands in Europe, 18 billion trees.

413
00:38:12,020 --> 00:38:14,250
Nonetheless, even more impressive

414
00:38:14,250 --> 00:38:16,430
than the quantity of trees in this land

415
00:38:16,430 --> 00:38:18,963
is the biodiversity and quality.

416
00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:25,920
The straight trunks of the pines of Valsain

417
00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:29,283
are evidence of the race towards the light of each tree.

418
00:38:30,950 --> 00:38:34,833
The needles of this very Mediterranean species don't fall,

419
00:38:34,833 --> 00:38:37,010
at least not all at once,

420
00:38:37,010 --> 00:38:39,393
like those of the oak trees or beeches.

421
00:38:41,210 --> 00:38:43,974
That's why pine needles don't change color

422
00:38:43,974 --> 00:38:47,463
at least until the ice and snow cover them for a time.

423
00:38:53,190 --> 00:38:56,800
Now the fog dampens all the colors,

424
00:38:56,800 --> 00:38:58,630
but that's only a visual veil

425
00:38:58,630 --> 00:39:02,513
that gives the forest a new beauty in shades of gray.

426
00:39:22,133 --> 00:39:24,883
(bird squawking)

427
00:39:27,700 --> 00:39:31,050
The fog provides as much moisture as the rain

428
00:39:31,050 --> 00:39:32,833
and softens the temperatures.

429
00:39:34,160 --> 00:39:37,020
It will hold off the winter a little longer,

430
00:39:37,020 --> 00:39:39,070
increasing the density of the air

431
00:39:39,070 --> 00:39:41,063
and delaying the first freezes.

432
00:39:42,270 --> 00:39:46,810
Sometimes even in mid-November, the air shakes off the chill

433
00:39:46,810 --> 00:39:50,600
and the sun doesn't hide the way it does behind clouds.

434
00:39:50,600 --> 00:39:54,593
The fog is lighter. (birds chirping)

435
00:39:57,230 --> 00:39:59,630
The winter preparations of the red wood ant

436
00:39:59,630 --> 00:40:01,163
are very demanding,

437
00:40:02,140 --> 00:40:05,173
and they take advantage of every ray of sunlight.

438
00:40:13,180 --> 00:40:16,870
As they pile up tiny twigs over a period of years,

439
00:40:16,870 --> 00:40:19,250
a colony of red wood ants can build a mound

440
00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:20,663
up to a meter high.

441
00:40:22,590 --> 00:40:25,230
These constructions provide both protection

442
00:40:25,230 --> 00:40:26,653
and thermal control.

443
00:40:29,010 --> 00:40:32,450
Fundamentally, their sloped walls can shed water

444
00:40:32,450 --> 00:40:35,000
and withstand the weight and cold of the snow

445
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:36,723
that builds up on the structure.

446
00:40:42,980 --> 00:40:44,800
On the slopes of Penalara

447
00:40:44,800 --> 00:40:47,330
and in the foothills of the Cotos mountain range,

448
00:40:47,330 --> 00:40:51,510
where pine trees and oaks intermingle, it is the ideal place

449
00:40:51,510 --> 00:40:55,140
for these treasures of Spanish zoology to prosper,

450
00:40:55,140 --> 00:40:58,363
a treasure that is getting harder to find every day.

451
00:41:10,430 --> 00:41:13,120
There are lots of foxes around here,

452
00:41:13,120 --> 00:41:15,723
both in the forest and in open areas,

453
00:41:17,360 --> 00:41:22,360
although few people see them and even fewer appreciate them.

454
00:41:24,480 --> 00:41:28,330
The fox is a discreet and silent predator.

455
00:41:28,330 --> 00:41:32,570
An animal that is as beautiful as it is hated here.

456
00:41:32,570 --> 00:41:36,913
Chicken thief, lamb killer, implacable rabbit hunter.

457
00:41:40,190 --> 00:41:42,290
From farmers to hunters,

458
00:41:42,290 --> 00:41:44,823
everyone considers the fox their enemy.

459
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:49,117
(animals chirping)

460
00:41:54,920 --> 00:41:59,710
Nevertheless, the fox is a predator that selects its prey,

461
00:41:59,710 --> 00:42:02,408
genetically strengthening its victims' species

462
00:42:02,408 --> 00:42:05,293
and keeping the number of rodents under control.

463
00:42:12,460 --> 00:42:16,140
But the fox also has to live with the owl that hunts him

464
00:42:17,070 --> 00:42:19,623
and with the wolf that limits his range.

465
00:42:22,120 --> 00:42:24,204
It's all a question of balance.

466
00:42:24,204 --> 00:42:29,204
(birds chirping)
(fox sniffing)

467
00:42:53,840 --> 00:42:56,770
The naked granite rocks of the La Pedriza massifs

468
00:42:56,770 --> 00:42:59,520
on the southern slopes of the Guadarrama Mountains,

469
00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:03,193
form an unusual, tough, and astonishing landscape.

470
00:43:04,390 --> 00:43:07,860
Above all because, despite its desolate appearance,

471
00:43:07,860 --> 00:43:11,123
a lot of life clings to these immense cliff walls.

472
00:43:13,600 --> 00:43:16,523
This is the world of the Spanish ibex,

473
00:43:18,710 --> 00:43:23,390
a rough and tough animal able to eat just about anything,

474
00:43:23,390 --> 00:43:26,010
to walk just about anywhere,

475
00:43:26,010 --> 00:43:28,963
and to withstand all kinds of climates.

476
00:43:30,430 --> 00:43:33,220
It has climbed up here to get away from the wolves

477
00:43:33,220 --> 00:43:34,783
and any other predator.

478
00:43:36,230 --> 00:43:39,013
And almost no one can follow it up here.

479
00:43:40,710 --> 00:43:42,110
At this time of year,

480
00:43:42,110 --> 00:43:44,763
the males live together on the highest peaks.

481
00:43:45,700 --> 00:43:47,373
It's very difficult to find them.

482
00:43:50,620 --> 00:43:53,520
It's said that they eventually form a single flock

483
00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:55,623
with all of the males in the area.

484
00:43:57,040 --> 00:44:01,065
And in spite of that, very few have seen it.

485
00:44:01,065 --> 00:44:03,815
(dramatic music)

486
00:44:38,894 --> 00:44:41,227
Autumn is drawing to an end.

487
00:44:42,965 --> 00:44:47,965
(water lapping) (birds chirping)

488
00:44:52,950 --> 00:44:54,770
Not until well into December

489
00:44:54,770 --> 00:44:58,440
have the robins stopped singing, marking their territories,

490
00:44:58,440 --> 00:45:01,023
(gentle music)

491
00:45:02,900 --> 00:45:05,801
but even they will fall silent soon.

492
00:45:05,801 --> 00:45:08,468
(bird chirping)

493
00:45:13,470 --> 00:45:17,443
And the berries have been eaten too, almost all of them.

494
00:45:18,570 --> 00:45:20,810
Very little of what's edible is left,

495
00:45:20,810 --> 00:45:22,353
and that's hard to find.

496
00:45:24,150 --> 00:45:25,783
The spiderwebs are vacant.

497
00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:30,623
Their owners have died or have hidden beneath the rocks.

498
00:45:33,070 --> 00:45:35,570
And their offspring that were born in late summer

499
00:45:35,570 --> 00:45:37,973
have flown off, literally.

500
00:45:42,811 --> 00:45:45,020
They've left a trail of silk from each twig

501
00:45:45,020 --> 00:45:46,067
where they took off.

502
00:46:12,039 --> 00:46:15,290
Hanging from their threads, like tiny kites,

503
00:46:15,290 --> 00:46:17,330
they're swept away by the wind,

504
00:46:17,330 --> 00:46:19,930
migrating South whenever they can,

505
00:46:19,930 --> 00:46:22,750
trying to spread to new territories,

506
00:46:22,750 --> 00:46:24,633
even crossing the ocean.

507
00:46:48,200 --> 00:46:51,190
The Gulf Stream brings mild temperatures to Portugal

508
00:46:51,190 --> 00:46:52,363
and northern Spain.

509
00:46:54,870 --> 00:46:57,330
And that's why, even though these beaches lie

510
00:46:57,330 --> 00:47:00,040
at a latitude close to that of New York,

511
00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:02,603
the Iberian climate is never as cold.

512
00:47:08,120 --> 00:47:10,800
This is the coast of the region of Galicia,

513
00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:13,100
very close to Asturias.

514
00:47:13,100 --> 00:47:15,743
It's the greenest part of this country of sunshine.

515
00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:18,750
It rains like in Ireland,

516
00:47:18,750 --> 00:47:20,910
and as in the land of their Celtic cousins,

517
00:47:20,910 --> 00:47:25,203
the days of calm seas alternate with tremendous windstorms.

518
00:47:26,270 --> 00:47:28,090
On the threshold of winter,

519
00:47:28,090 --> 00:47:31,123
another storm has been unleashed on the Bay of Biscay.

520
00:47:47,010 --> 00:47:51,183
Today is the 21st of December, winter.

521
00:47:52,680 --> 00:47:56,173
From now on, it's a time of stillness and silence.

522
00:47:58,490 --> 00:48:01,803
A time to sleep for many.

523
00:48:03,970 --> 00:48:07,503
Nonetheless, most animals aren't able to hibernate.

524
00:48:09,560 --> 00:48:11,500
Many species have had to adapt

525
00:48:11,500 --> 00:48:13,890
to this continental way of life,

526
00:48:13,890 --> 00:48:16,780
to a world of extremes where food is scarce

527
00:48:16,780 --> 00:48:18,493
six months of the year.

528
00:48:24,850 --> 00:48:27,760
Nature is tough now,

529
00:48:27,760 --> 00:48:30,740
and that, despite this bleak time of year,

530
00:48:30,740 --> 00:48:34,123
being the courtship season for amphibians, for owls,

531
00:48:34,970 --> 00:48:38,950
and for the Spanish ibex. (dramatic music)

532
00:49:00,429 --> 00:49:03,012
(gentle music)

533
00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:05,383
- [旁白]夏天几天前结束了。

534
00:00:06,540 --> 00:00:08,940
蚱蜢停止了歌唱，

535
00:00:08,940 --> 00:00:11,733
蚂蚁很快就会吃掉它们的尸体。

536
00:00:21,265 --> 00:00:23,620
一切旧的事物都在消失。

537
00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:26,370
（激昂的音乐）

538
00:00:36,426 --> 00:00:39,676
秋天正在侵袭整个伊比利半岛。

539
00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:44,140
它并不总是准时，

540
00:00:44,140 --> 00:00:47,690
也不会同时到达所有地方。

541
00:00:47,690 --> 00:00:51,110
季节变化有时来得早，有时来得晚

542
00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:52,783
大概一或两周。

543
00:00:55,290 --> 00:00:58,340
但白天的时间越来越短

544
00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:01,333
夜晚渐渐凉爽起来。

545
00:01:03,510 --> 00:01:08,510
第一场雨来临，夏日的炎热早已消散。

546
00:01:08,802 --> 00:01:11,552
（淅淅沥沥）

547
00:01:16,638 --> 00:01:19,221
（轻柔音乐）

548
00:01:49,556 --> 00:01:52,586
（鸟鸣声）（虫鸣声）

549
00:01:52,586 --> 00:01:55,860
托莱多山区开始下雨了。

550
00:01:55,860 --> 00:01:59,703
很快草就会长出来，这给了马鹿活力。

551
00:02:04,585 --> 00:02:07,700
（鹿吼叫）

552
00:02:07,700 --> 00:02:08,846
它们口渴了。

553
00:02:08,846 --> 00:02:10,460
（鹿吼叫）

554
00:02:10,460 --> 00:02:12,026
田野的金色

555
00:02:12,026 --> 00:02:14,580
说明这片土地上雨水稀少

556
00:02:14,580 --> 00:02:15,563
在夏天。

557
00:02:18,870 --> 00:02:21,350
毫无疑问，海岸非常美丽

558
00:02:21,350 --> 00:02:25,303
并靠近其它水源，但这个国家的情况很艰难。

559
00:02:26,830 --> 00:02:28,170
干燥和炎热

560
00:02:28,170 --> 00:02:31,283
地中海内陆丘陵地区的情况非常极端。

561
00:02:34,130 --> 00:02:36,853
这个地区的鹿不是最大，

562
00:02:37,820 --> 00:02:40,483
它们没有最大的角，

563
00:02:41,610 --> 00:02:44,760
也没有最引人注目的外衣，

564
00:02:44,760 --> 00:02:46,333
但它们非常坚韧。

565
00:02:48,450 --> 00:02:49,740
它们是唯一的鹿

566
00:02:49,740 --> 00:02:52,160
能承受这里严酷的生活

567
00:02:52,160 --> 00:02:55,033
光靠它们自己的基因就能提供帮助。

568
00:03:00,110 --> 00:03:03,163
秋天是它们的交配季节，即发情期。

569
00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:07,072
从北到南，

570
00:03:07,072 --> 00:03:10,890
整个伊比利半岛都回荡着它们的吼叫

571
00:03:11,910 --> 00:03:15,783
白天和黑夜，特别是夜晚。

572
00:03:15,783 --> 00:03:18,533
（鹿吼叫）

573
00:03:21,090 --> 00:03:23,490
它们的荷尔蒙和交配需求

574
00:03:23,490 --> 00:03:25,483
让雄鹿互相攻击。

575
00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:29,050
所有雄鹿都想要同一件事：

576
00:03:29,050 --> 00:03:31,023
一个后宫和一些领土。

577
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,520
母鹿的数量并不比公鹿多，

578
00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:42,633
每只占主导地位的雄性可以捕获最多五十只雌性。

579
00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:47,373
因此永远没有足够的母鹿可供分布。

580
00:03:50,500 --> 00:03:51,610
最强的雄鹿

581
00:03:51,610 --> 00:03:54,400
占领所有它们能占领的土地，

582
00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:57,240
而其余的雄性，绝大多数，

583
00:03:57,240 --> 00:03:59,163
根本无法繁殖。

584
00:04:00,042 --> 00:04:02,633
这是自然界中最常见的规则。

585
00:04:04,680 --> 00:04:08,670
唯一不同的是每个物种所寻找的东西

586
00:04:08,670 --> 00:04:09,923
以及它们是如何做到的。

587
00:04:12,823 --> 00:04:17,410
卡瓦内罗斯国家公园是马鹿的天堂，

588
00:04:17,410 --> 00:04:19,570
尽管每平方公里的鹿数量

589
00:04:19,570 --> 00:04:21,110
可能已经太大了

590
00:04:22,060 --> 00:04:25,293
发情期时的张力非常大。

591
00:04:27,090 --> 00:04:29,133
但它们没有直接的天敌。

592
00:04:30,090 --> 00:04:32,973
狼已经很久没有在这里狩猎了，

593
00:04:34,050 --> 00:04:36,820
因此自然选择生殖雄性

594
00:04:36,820 --> 00:04:39,711
最重要的是透过战斗来实现的。

595
00:04:39,711 --> 00:04:44,711
（轻柔的音乐）（鹿吼叫）

596
00:05:01,255 --> 00:05:04,172
（鹿角咔哒作响）

597
00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:09,360
当它们战斗时，

598
00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:12,610
对鹿来说最大的危险不是被顶伤，

599
00:05:12,610 --> 00:05:14,573
但却因精疲力竭而死。

600
00:05:23,860 --> 00:05:28,260
在这片物产匮乏、酷热和冰冷的土地上，

601
00:05:28,260 --> 00:05:30,859
耐力是最重要的品质。

602
00:05:30,859 --> 00:05:33,609
（鹿吼叫）

603
00:05:37,550 --> 00:05:40,880
这两只大雄鹿彼此都很熟悉。

604
00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:43,440
它们已经多次交手

605
00:05:43,440 --> 00:05:45,233
并有一个大仇要报。

606
00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:56,332
它们正在决定谁将获胜。

607
00:05:56,332 --> 00:05:59,060
（鹿吼叫）

608
00:05:59,060 --> 00:06:01,120
每只雄性都拥有一块领地

609
00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:04,380
面积从两英亩到八英亩不等。

610
00:06:04,380 --> 00:06:07,720
它们扞卫这些地区，视其为自己的领地

611
00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:09,440
因为它们是黄金地段

612
00:06:09,440 --> 00:06:13,270
那里草木最早生长，随着第一场雨，

613
00:06:13,270 --> 00:06:15,670
雌性则聚集在这些领地周围。

614
00:06:17,324 --> 00:06:20,074
（鹿吼叫）

615
00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:26,433
它们本质上就是来进食。

616
00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:29,330
尽管它们也来了

617
00:06:29,330 --> 00:06:32,810
并不是因为它们被主导的雄性所吸引，

618
00:06:32,810 --> 00:06:35,080
但为了躱避性关注

619
00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:38,553
那些讨厌的年轻雄鹿一直坚持不懈地追逐它们。

620
00:06:42,660 --> 00:06:45,577
（鹿角咔哒作响）

621
00:06:53,421 --> 00:06:56,014
（鹿吼叫）

622
00:06:56,014 --> 00:06:59,324
（鹿角咔哒作响）

623
00:06:59,324 --> 00:07:02,074
（鹿吼叫）

624
00:07:30,100 --> 00:07:31,950
当有足够的草可以吃时，

625
00:07:31,950 --> 00:07:34,820
雌性会逐渐疏远，

626
00:07:34,820 --> 00:07:37,870
然后雄性阿尔法狼必须把它们围起来，

627
00:07:37,870 --> 00:07:41,623
不断地、拼命地追逐它们。

628
00:07:43,101 --> 00:07:46,030
（鹿吼叫）

629
00:07:46,030 --> 00:07:49,433
秋天是雄鹿最疲惫的季节。

630
00:08:06,485 --> 00:08:07,710
这个季节有几天

631
00:08:07,710 --> 00:08:10,733
似乎好天气又回来了。

632
00:08:15,440 --> 00:08:19,170
瓢虫、有七个圆点的甲虫，

633
00:08:19,170 --> 00:08:22,240
每年这个时候性生活也都很活跃，

634
00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:24,279
仿佛受到了马鹿的启发。

635
00:08:24,279 --> 00:08:27,510
（轻柔音乐）

636
00:08:27,510 --> 00:08:30,250
然而是什么引发了这些昆虫的繁殖行为

637
00:08:30,250 --> 00:08:34,820
现在正是温度适宜的时候，

638
00:08:34,820 --> 00:08:36,313
光照和湿度。

639
00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:43,950
有些秋季会出现相同的天气状况

640
00:08:43,950 --> 00:08:45,623
某些春季，

641
00:08:47,070 --> 00:08:49,580
有些生命形式无法区分

642
00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:53,203
或者它们试图挤出额外的一代。

643
00:08:55,730 --> 00:08:58,930
毫无疑问，如果发生气候灾难

644
00:08:58,930 --> 00:09:00,920
消灭了冬季，

645
00:09:00,920 --> 00:09:04,273
这些昆虫的基因将首先繁荣起来。

646
00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:09,610
但在正常情况下，

647
00:09:09,610 --> 00:09:12,160
这一代秋天会度过整个冬天

648
00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:13,403
以卵的形式，

649
00:09:14,890 --> 00:09:18,200
新的幼虫将在春天出生

650
00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:19,783
正如它们应该的那样。

651
00:09:35,446 --> 00:09:38,363
（昆虫鸣叫）

652
00:09:49,916 --> 00:09:53,833
多纳纳位于欧洲西南角，

653
00:09:55,770 --> 00:10:00,090
这片湿地与世界上任何其它地方都不一样。

654
00:10:00,090 --> 00:10:03,883
充满生机，（鸟儿鸣叫）

655
00:10:05,910 --> 00:10:09,173
沼泽、松树林和沙地，

656
00:10:11,490 --> 00:10:13,903
尽管它很小而且很脆弱。

657
00:10:17,330 --> 00:10:20,000
多纳纳几乎完全是非洲人。

658
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:21,980
直线距离仅十英里

659
00:10:21,980 --> 00:10:24,550
将其与邻近的大陆分开，

660
00:10:24,550 --> 00:10:26,250
几乎一跃而过

661
00:10:26,250 --> 00:10:28,590
对于许多经过这里的鸟来说

662
00:10:28,590 --> 00:10:31,373
在它们每年的迁徙途中。

663
00:10:32,210 --> 00:10:34,240
它们都倾向于在这片土地上停留

664
00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:38,257
随着季节变化，水会干涸或泛滥。

665
00:10:38,257 --> 00:10:41,007
（鸟鸣声）

666
00:10:57,490 --> 00:11:01,379
有些花朶只在每年的这个时候，也就是十月开放。

667
00:11:01,379 --> 00:11:03,620
（轻柔音乐）

668
00:11:03,620 --> 00:11:05,490
该物种从鳞茎中发芽

669
00:11:05,490 --> 00:11:07,873
这种食物只有在伊比利亚半岛才能找到。

670
00:11:10,290 --> 00:11:14,200
在西班牙，它被俗称为quitameriendas，

671
00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:16,040
或抑制零食，

672
00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:18,840
因为它出现在白天变短的时候

673
00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:21,470
午餐和晚餐的间隔也越来越短，

674
00:11:21,470 --> 00:11:23,500
所以当时间不够时它就会开花

675
00:11:23,500 --> 00:11:25,123
吃点午后点心。

676
00:11:26,230 --> 00:11:29,870
总是有一些昆虫准备品尝花蜜

677
00:11:29,870 --> 00:11:33,203
作为回报，给每个季节的花朶施肥。

678
00:11:34,110 --> 00:11:35,943
但秋天的花很少，

679
00:11:36,860 --> 00:11:39,910
这就是为什么有如此多的生命聚集在它们周围。

680
00:11:41,470 --> 00:11:44,023
更糟的是，它们寿命不长。

681
00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:50,240
时间对它们不利，对寒冷有利。

682
00:11:50,381 --> 00:11:55,381
（风声）（鸟鸣声）

683
00:11:57,990 --> 00:12:01,120
在北欧，天气状况再次

684
00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:03,873
迫使鹤类踏上迁徙之旅。

685
00:12:05,570 --> 00:12:07,773
这些鸟非常坚强，

686
00:12:08,730 --> 00:12:10,520
但它们无法熬过冬天

687
00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:12,373
距离北极圈如此之近。

688
00:12:14,730 --> 00:12:18,773
到十月中旬，第一批鹤将穿越比利牛斯山。

689
00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:22,430
它们列队飞行，

690
00:12:22,430 --> 00:12:24,771
从而减少与空气的摩擦，

691
00:12:24,771 --> 00:12:29,023
这样，它们就能节省高达百分之卅的能源。

692
00:12:31,300 --> 00:12:34,853
尽管如此，许多生物仍无法到达目的地。

693
00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:40,510
它们的飞行速度为每小时卌至八十公里，

694
00:12:40,510 --> 00:12:43,350
这取决于它们是否能够利用风力。

695
00:12:43,350 --> 00:12:45,800
当它们试图寻找最有利的风时，

696
00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:48,240
它们有时会贴着地面飞行，

697
00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:50,830
离树林仅皕米，

698
00:12:50,830 --> 00:12:54,410
然后当它们飞过时你不可能不注意到

699
00:12:54,410 --> 00:12:56,851
因为它们的族群非常吵。

700
00:12:56,851 --> 00:13:00,318
（鹤鸣）

701
00:13:00,318 --> 00:13:03,820
然而，有时，鹤群会飞到高空

702
00:13:03,820 --> 00:13:05,683
超过四公里，

703
00:13:07,460 --> 00:13:12,147
但即便如此，如果你留心的话，还是能听到它们。

704
00:13:13,518 --> 00:13:18,518
（轻柔的音乐）（鹤鸣声）

705
00:14:14,270 --> 00:14:16,080
在鹤群下方，

706
00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:19,483
放眼望去，蚂蚁的活动十分活跃。

707
00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:27,280
収集者正在填满最后的空货架

708
00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:31,503
在食品储藏室放它们能找到的任何东西。

709
00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:38,350
蚂蚁正在扩大它们的巢穴或做准备

710
00:14:38,350 --> 00:14:41,964
来处理即将涌入蚁巢的水。

711
00:14:41,964 --> 00:14:46,964
（鸟鸣声）（虫鸣声）

712
00:14:59,413 --> 00:15:02,163
（风声）

713
00:15:05,578 --> 00:15:08,161
（轻柔音乐）

714
00:15:13,620 --> 00:15:16,210
伊比利亚航空位于完美的纬度

715
00:15:16,210 --> 00:15:19,600
清晰地感受到这里的四季

716
00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:21,753
因为行星绕着太阳旋转。

717
00:15:25,070 --> 00:15:28,030
地球轴倾角廿三度

718
00:15:28,030 --> 00:15:30,710
现在阳光照射到大地上

719
00:15:30,710 --> 00:15:33,013
角度比夏季更陡。

720
00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:37,280
这改变了一切。

721
00:16:01,425 --> 00:16:04,342
（雌性声音）

722
00:16:28,030 --> 00:16:31,060
雨水和越来越长的夜晚

723
00:16:31,060 --> 00:16:33,173
继续降低温度，

724
00:16:38,500 --> 00:16:41,430
加上瓜达拉马山脉的海拔

725
00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:43,343
使寒冷更加严重。

726
00:16:45,590 --> 00:16:46,850
气温下降

727
00:16:46,850 --> 00:16:49,423
使爬虫类和两栖类感到昏昏欲睡。

728
00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:54,964
它们的动作变得笨拙，

729
00:16:54,964 --> 00:16:57,910
以及它们攻击或逃跑的能力

730
00:16:57,910 --> 00:16:59,463
正在迅速减少。

731
00:17:15,420 --> 00:17:18,880
很快就要冬眠了，

732
00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:20,670
但它们都必须尽力而为

733
00:17:20,670 --> 00:17:23,173
储存尽可能多的能量。

734
00:17:28,438 --> 00:17:31,188
（淅淅沥沥）

735
00:17:36,710 --> 00:17:39,253
雨水对地下也有影响。

736
00:17:42,670 --> 00:17:45,800
西班牙幼龟被活埋

737
00:17:45,800 --> 00:17:47,183
看到它们的机会。

738
00:17:49,330 --> 00:17:51,410
土壤湿度增加

739
00:17:51,410 --> 00:17:54,263
最终让它们来到地面。

740
00:17:55,810 --> 00:17:58,810
它们在这个狭窄的洞穴里几乎一动也不动

741
00:17:58,810 --> 00:18:00,720
自去年夏天以来，

742
00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:03,590
当它们破壳而出孵化的时候。

743
00:18:03,590 --> 00:18:06,173
（轻柔音乐）

744
00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:12,684
现在它们可以出现了

745
00:18:12,684 --> 00:18:15,290
因为湿地已经变得够柔软

746
00:18:15,290 --> 00:18:17,817
让它们挖出一条路来。

747
00:18:17,817 --> 00:18:20,690
（鸟鸣声）

748
00:18:20,690 --> 00:18:22,483
如果今年秋天再干燥一点，

749
00:18:23,330 --> 00:18:25,590
小龟可能被迫等待

750
00:18:25,590 --> 00:18:30,093
直到明年春天，但它们很幸运。

751
00:18:38,810 --> 00:18:42,453
它们首先看到的是凉爽的秋日。

752
00:18:43,650 --> 00:18:47,113
它们的本能引导它们都朝着同一个方向前进。

753
00:18:53,210 --> 00:18:55,600
它们立即寻找水

754
00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:59,313
因为在陆地上，它们很容易成为猎物。

755
00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:04,330
西班牙池龟

756
00:19:04,330 --> 00:19:07,343
是伊比利半岛的本土物种，

757
00:19:09,190 --> 00:19:10,530
虽然也可以找到

758
00:19:10,530 --> 00:19:13,903
位于非洲直布罗陀海峡的另一边。

759
00:19:43,043 --> 00:19:45,940
也许它们可以利用几天温暖的日子

760
00:19:45,940 --> 00:19:48,433
以水生幼虫和腐尸为食。

761
00:19:53,899 --> 00:19:56,310
很快这些水域就会结冰

762
00:19:56,310 --> 00:19:58,543
它们将无法保持活跃。

763
00:20:01,380 --> 00:20:03,650
它们必须寻找河流或湖泊的底部

764
00:20:03,650 --> 00:20:06,933
足够深、足够泥泞，可以度过冬天。

765
00:20:18,230 --> 00:20:20,370
雨水会填满这些浅水池

766
00:20:20,370 --> 00:20:23,365
并为它们提供新的机会。

767
00:20:23,365 --> 00:20:28,365
（水拍打声）（鸟鸣声）

768
00:20:34,670 --> 00:20:36,143
现在是十月下旬。

769
00:20:37,320 --> 00:20:38,830
狼蛛

770
00:20:38,830 --> 00:20:41,153
现在它正带着幼崽走向世界。

771
00:20:47,770 --> 00:20:50,430
它不需要再吃东西了。

772
00:20:50,430 --> 00:20:52,333
它已经尽到自己的责任了。

773
00:20:58,070 --> 00:21:02,570
它已经四岁了，在同种物种中体型巨大。

774
00:21:02,570 --> 00:21:05,610
它很快就会死去，再过几天，

775
00:21:05,610 --> 00:21:07,250
但只要它还能走路，

776
00:21:07,250 --> 00:21:10,230
它将怀上一百只幼崽

777
00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:11,950
以便它的后代能繁衍生息

778
00:21:11,950 --> 00:21:14,233
覆盖尽可能广阔的领土。

779
00:21:17,380 --> 00:21:19,620
新生的蜘蛛会离开它们的母亲

780
00:21:19,620 --> 00:21:22,623
无论偶然事件还是本能告诉它们如何做。

781
00:21:34,338 --> 00:21:37,088
（激昂的音乐）

782
00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:00,900
水也应该覆盖干旱的土地

783
00:22:00,900 --> 00:22:03,180
在多纳纳沼泽地。

784
00:22:03,180 --> 00:22:04,770
但在西班牙南部，

785
00:22:04,770 --> 00:22:07,523
雨几乎总是来得很晚。

786
00:22:08,380 --> 00:22:11,283
这破坏了大家的计划。

787
00:22:12,950 --> 00:22:16,410
这些黇鹿已经焦躁不安好几个星期了。

788
00:22:16,410 --> 00:22:18,530
它们比平常叫得更凶

789
00:22:18,530 --> 00:22:20,617
这需要付出很多努力。

790
00:22:23,184 --> 00:22:25,934
（鹿吼叫）

791
00:22:39,490 --> 00:22:40,600
它们的吼叫意味着

792
00:22:40,600 --> 00:22:42,700
它们正处于发情期。

793
00:23:04,250 --> 00:23:07,000
雄性为了争夺雌性而拼命争斗，

794
00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:09,650
其中很多都已受孕。

795
00:23:09,650 --> 00:23:12,203
但并非所有这些都是由最优秀的雄性所为。

796
00:23:15,970 --> 00:23:17,800
由于干旱，

797
00:23:17,800 --> 00:23:19,860
没有足够的草，

798
00:23:19,860 --> 00:23:22,223
并迫使母鹿四散。

799
00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:27,860
这也延长了发情期

800
00:23:27,860 --> 00:23:30,150
让冠军公鹿更加困难

801
00:23:30,150 --> 00:23:33,503
以保护庞大而忠诚的后宫。

802
00:23:36,020 --> 00:23:38,770
黇鹿是深入研究的对像

803
00:23:38,770 --> 00:23:42,920
在西班牙南部，研究人员最近发现

804
00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:45,393
并非所有事物都像我们想像的那么简单。

805
00:23:46,470 --> 00:23:48,340
该物种的交配

806
00:23:48,340 --> 00:23:50,310
不符合人类的刻板印像

807
00:23:50,310 --> 00:23:52,343
正如所想。

808
00:23:56,360 --> 00:23:59,700
显然，当遇到异常天气状况时，

809
00:23:59,700 --> 00:24:01,710
不同体型的雄鹿

810
00:24:01,710 --> 00:24:03,630
可以尝试各种策略

811
00:24:03,630 --> 00:24:05,563
为了繁衍后代。

812
00:24:06,616 --> 00:24:09,366
（鹿吼叫）

813
00:24:12,280 --> 00:24:14,690
因此，一些体型较小的雄性

814
00:24:14,690 --> 00:24:16,900
长着不起眼的角，

815
00:24:16,900 --> 00:24:20,090
它们不敢直接挑战体型较大的雄性，

816
00:24:20,090 --> 00:24:23,050
随时警惕利用任何安全漏洞

817
00:24:23,050 --> 00:24:25,490
作为后宫主宰者，

818
00:24:25,490 --> 00:24:27,820
它们的敏捷性让它们更具优势

819
00:24:27,820 --> 00:24:29,303
如果它们必须逃跑。

820
00:24:34,064 --> 00:24:36,814
（鹿吼叫）

821
00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:41,363
这就是它们繁殖的方式。

822
00:24:47,959 --> 00:24:50,709
（鹿吼叫）

823
00:24:55,890 --> 00:24:58,400
这些广阔的平原最近被洪水淹没

824
00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:00,993
给很多机会主义者提供了更好的机会，

825
00:25:03,520 --> 00:25:06,340
但现在缺水的后果

826
00:25:06,340 --> 00:25:08,293
明年春天就会显现出来。

827
00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:13,520
如果小鹿的出生也延后了，

828
00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:16,130
许多鹿可能没有生存的机会。

829
00:25:29,093 --> 00:25:31,843
（鹿吼叫）

830
00:25:53,053 --> 00:25:55,803
（鹿吼叫）

831
00:26:13,202 --> 00:26:16,119
（鹤鸣）

832
00:26:23,250 --> 00:26:26,161
灰鹤繁殖并抚养雏鸟

833
00:26:26,161 --> 00:26:28,880
斯堪的纳维亚半岛和俄罗斯北部

834
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:31,550
在那里度过一年中最热的季节，

835
00:26:31,550 --> 00:26:33,433
三月到十月。

836
00:26:36,510 --> 00:26:39,730
但现在是时候躱避低温了

837
00:26:39,730 --> 00:26:40,853
以及缺乏光照。

838
00:26:42,230 --> 00:26:46,573
因此它们向南飞行，飞行距离达三千公里。

839
00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:53,670
它们寻找地方

840
00:26:53,670 --> 00:26:56,423
冰雪无法掩盖所有的食物。

841
00:27:04,130 --> 00:27:08,583
有些飞往土耳其，还有许多飞往意大利和希腊。

842
00:27:13,910 --> 00:27:16,633
但大多数选择西欧路线，

843
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:22,680
因此每年都有超过十万只鹤抵达伊比利半岛。

844
00:27:23,050 --> 00:27:25,967
（鹤鸣）

845
00:27:28,234 --> 00:27:32,300
Gallocanta是它们最重要的聚集地，

846
00:27:32,300 --> 00:27:34,053
该物种最喜欢的地方。

847
00:27:40,670 --> 00:27:42,320
许多鹤群就停在这里

848
00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:45,370
休息几天，恢复体力

849
00:27:45,370 --> 00:27:47,960
继续迁徙

850
00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:50,620
到埃斯特雷马杜拉的开阔橡树林

851
00:27:50,620 --> 00:27:52,243
甚至是北非。

852
00:27:55,510 --> 00:27:58,203
它们却在这里度过整个冬天。

853
00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:03,610
加洛坎塔的湖泊周围是田野

854
00:28:03,610 --> 00:28:08,540
新近播种的谷物，以及其浅咸的水域

855
00:28:08,540 --> 00:28:11,400
是躱避狐狸的最佳避风港，

856
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:13,413
野猪和狼。

857
00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:28,910
很快这里的人们就要庆祝万圣节了，

858
00:28:28,910 --> 00:28:30,243
十一月一日。

859
00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:35,890
本季的第一次霜冻将杀死螳螂

860
00:28:35,890 --> 00:28:37,423
去年春天诞生的。

861
00:28:38,900 --> 00:28:41,850
在它们生命的尽头，当死亡临近时，

862
00:28:41,850 --> 00:28:45,513
当螳螂表现出最极端的行为时，

863
00:28:47,350 --> 00:28:49,680
例如在交配时吃掉雄性

864
00:28:51,186 --> 00:28:53,193
或与另一名雌性打架。

865
00:28:59,740 --> 00:29:03,310
两只雌性同时出现在同一个黄金位置

866
00:29:03,310 --> 00:29:05,690
它们想从哪里释放费洛蒙

867
00:29:05,690 --> 00:29:09,083
呼唤任何可能还活着的雄性。

868
00:29:11,581 --> 00:29:14,370
但不仅是领土之争，

869
00:29:14,370 --> 00:29:17,113
这将是一场因饥饿而起的战斗。

870
00:29:21,350 --> 00:29:24,610
生态系中剩余的食物已经所剩无几。

871
00:29:24,610 --> 00:29:28,163
螳螂可能是唯一仍活跃的昆虫，

872
00:29:30,480 --> 00:29:32,870
所以它们的一个身体

873
00:29:32,870 --> 00:29:35,740
可能提供最后可用的蛋白质

874
00:29:35,740 --> 00:29:38,393
产下另一批卵。

875
00:29:39,750 --> 00:29:42,567
是的，螳螂会吃同类。

876
00:29:42,567 --> 00:29:45,317
（激昂的音乐）

877
00:30:33,605 --> 00:30:36,522
（雌性声音）

878
00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:24,000
在半岛北部，

879
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:27,140
在比利牛斯山西端的山麓，

880
00:31:27,140 --> 00:31:31,173
色彩缤纷的森林让人毫不怀疑到底发生了什么事。

881
00:31:38,610 --> 00:31:43,130
黄色、棕色、赭色和红色

882
00:31:45,180 --> 00:31:47,393
以及原来的绿色。

883
00:31:52,980 --> 00:31:56,510
伊拉蒂森林里的一棵山毛榉树

884
00:31:56,510 --> 00:31:59,053
已经逐渐阻断了树液的流动。

885
00:32:00,220 --> 00:32:04,783
树叶一片片地枯萎、变色并掉落。

886
00:32:14,670 --> 00:32:17,920
树木休眠，但未死亡，

887
00:32:17,920 --> 00:32:20,910
直到恢复适当的条件再次苏醒

888
00:32:22,570 --> 00:32:24,383
大约六个月后。

889
00:32:33,330 --> 00:32:36,830
这样，植物就可以间歇性地生存，

890
00:32:36,830 --> 00:32:41,013
但持续时间要长得多。

891
00:32:44,140 --> 00:32:47,340
有些山毛榉树高达卌多米

892
00:32:47,340 --> 00:32:48,953
已有数百年历史。

893
00:33:05,180 --> 00:33:08,600
这棵幼苗还很小

894
00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:10,853
只要被踩到就可能杀死它。

895
00:33:18,820 --> 00:33:22,300
但它可能会变得像它的兄弟一样

896
00:33:22,300 --> 00:33:26,820
并且活到两千三百年或两千四百年，

897
00:33:26,820 --> 00:33:27,883
如果我们尊重它。

898
00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:35,970
许多生物将依赖树木的生存

899
00:33:35,970 --> 00:33:38,633
在这五万英亩的森林里。

900
00:33:43,330 --> 00:33:46,763
这是欧洲最大的山毛榉森林之一，

901
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:49,610
附近还有几个

902
00:33:49,610 --> 00:33:52,083
形成一片巨大的森林。

903
00:33:57,840 --> 00:33:59,290
当树叶落下，

904
00:33:59,290 --> 00:34:02,643
使得更多的光线能够到达森林地面。

905
00:34:08,120 --> 00:34:10,840
于是蘑菇得到了机会

906
00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:12,530
在气温下降到足够低之前

907
00:34:12,530 --> 00:34:16,623
带来严重冻结。
（欢快的音乐）

908
00:34:27,990 --> 00:34:30,740
充份利用这种天气的生物

909
00:34:30,740 --> 00:34:33,420
不是动物，也不是植物，

910
00:34:33,420 --> 00:34:36,830
而是介于两者之间的存在

911
00:34:36,830 --> 00:34:40,133
而它们对无机食物的需求与对生物物质的需求一样多。

912
00:34:43,290 --> 00:34:46,233
整个森林都与眞菌相连。

913
00:35:19,980 --> 00:35:22,780
百分之九十植物物种的根

914
00:35:22,780 --> 00:35:24,983
与眞菌的菌丝缠绕在一起。

915
00:35:27,870 --> 00:35:29,770
只有透过这种共生关系

916
00:35:29,770 --> 00:35:31,943
植物能否获得所需的营养，

917
00:35:33,290 --> 00:35:35,760
作为交换，它们提供蘑菇

918
00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:38,147
它们自己无法获得的水。

919
00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:47,120
蘑菇在秋季繁殖

920
00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:48,693
在北半球。

921
00:35:52,380 --> 00:35:55,843
这就是它们在地面上撑开雨伞的原因。

922
00:35:57,140 --> 00:36:00,183
这些器官的唯一目的就是繁殖。

923
00:36:01,870 --> 00:36:05,280
它们高出地面一点，落叶

924
00:36:05,280 --> 00:36:07,450
寻求气流的帮助

925
00:36:07,450 --> 00:36:10,343
尽可能地传播孢子。

926
00:36:12,460 --> 00:36:14,310
这些数以百万计的细胞

927
00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:17,323
包含每个蘑菇的遗传密码。

928
00:36:24,370 --> 00:36:25,893
它们是数不胜数的。

929
00:36:27,090 --> 00:36:29,640
几天，甚至整整几周，

930
00:36:29,640 --> 00:36:33,370
无数的孢子会不断地从每个菌盖上飞出

931
00:36:38,280 --> 00:36:40,590
至少有一个目标是

932
00:36:40,590 --> 00:36:42,403
长成一朶新的蘑菇。

933
00:36:43,750 --> 00:36:46,813
另一种眞菌，是其亲代的克隆，

934
00:36:47,930 --> 00:36:52,330
因为没有性别，只有繁殖

935
00:36:55,340 --> 00:36:57,280
直到霜冻使它们枯萎。

936
00:37:38,240 --> 00:37:41,053
这里依然是一片森林之地。

937
00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:45,680
在中世纪，据说有一只松鼠

938
00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:47,690
可以穿越伊比利半岛

939
00:37:47,690 --> 00:37:49,950
透过从一个分支跳到另一个分支，

940
00:37:49,950 --> 00:37:52,073
无需接触地面。

941
00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:55,960
如今森林越来越少，

942
00:37:55,960 --> 00:37:57,317
而且它们体积更小，

943
00:37:57,317 --> 00:38:00,280
但西班牙仍是第二大国家

944
00:38:00,280 --> 00:38:05,280
拥有欧洲最多的林地，有一百八十亿棵树。

945
00:38:12,020 --> 00:38:14,250
尽管如此，更令人印像深刻的是

946
00:38:14,250 --> 00:38:16,430
比这片土地上的树木数量

947
00:38:16,430 --> 00:38:18,963
是生物多样性和品质。

948
00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:25,920
瓦尔塞恩的松树笔直的树干

949
00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:29,283
是向着每棵树的光芒奔跑的证据。

950
00:38:30,950 --> 00:38:34,833
这种地中海植物的针叶不会掉落，

951
00:38:34,833 --> 00:38:37,010
至少不会一下子发生，

952
00:38:37,010 --> 00:38:39,393
就像橡树或山毛榉树。

953
00:38:41,210 --> 00:38:43,974
这就是松针不变色的原因

954
00:38:43,974 --> 00:38:47,463
至少直到冰雪暂时覆盖它们。

955
00:38:53,190 --> 00:38:56,800
现在雾气遮蔽了一切色彩，

956
00:38:56,800 --> 00:38:58,630
但那只是一层视觉面纱

957
00:38:58,630 --> 00:39:02,513
为森林带来了灰色调的新美丽。

958
00:39:22,133 --> 00:39:24,883
（鸟儿嘎嘎叫）

959
00:39:27,700 --> 00:39:31,050
雾提供的水份与雨一样多

960
00:39:31,050 --> 00:39:32,833
并降低温度。

961
00:39:34,160 --> 00:39:37,020
它将使冬天稍稍推迟一些，

962
00:39:37,020 --> 00:39:39,070
增加空气密度

963
00:39:39,070 --> 00:39:41,063
并延迟第一次冻结。

964
00:39:42,270 --> 00:39:46,810
有时甚至在十一月中旬，空气中也会散去寒意

965
00:39:46,810 --> 00:39:50,600
太阳不再像云层那样被遮住。

966
00:39:50,600 --> 00:39:54,593
雾较淡。
（鸟鸣声）

967
00:39:57,230 --> 00:39:59,630
红木蚁的冬季准备

968
00:39:59,630 --> 00:40:01,163
要求非常严格，

969
00:40:02,140 --> 00:40:05,173
它们充份利用每一缕阳光。

970
00:40:13,180 --> 00:40:16,870
随着它们多年来累积的细小树枝，

971
00:40:16,870 --> 00:40:19,250
一群红木蚁可以建造一座土堆

972
00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:20,663
高达一米。

973
00:40:22,590 --> 00:40:25,230
这些结构既能提供保护

974
00:40:25,230 --> 00:40:26,653
和热控制。

975
00:40:29,010 --> 00:40:32,450
从根本上讲，它们的倾斜墙可以排水

976
00:40:32,450 --> 00:40:35,000
并承受雪的重量和寒冷

977
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:36,723
建立在结构之上。

978
00:40:42,980 --> 00:40:44,800
位于Penalara山坡上

979
00:40:44,800 --> 00:40:47,330
在科托斯山脉的山麓，

980
00:40:47,330 --> 00:40:51,510
松树和橡树交织在一起，是理想的地方

981
00:40:51,510 --> 00:40:55,140
为了让西班牙动物学的这些瑰宝繁荣发展，

982
00:40:55,140 --> 00:40:58,363
一种越来越难找到的宝藏。

983
00:41:10,430 --> 00:41:13,120
这附近有很多狐狸，

984
00:41:13,120 --> 00:41:15,723
无论是在森林或空旷的地方，

985
00:41:17,360 --> 00:41:22,360
尽管很少有人看到它们，但更少人欣赏它们。

986
00:41:24,480 --> 00:41:28,330
狐狸是一种谨慎又安静的掠食者。

987
00:41:28,330 --> 00:41:32,570
这是一种在这里美丽却又遭人憎恨的动物。

988
00:41:32,570 --> 00:41:36,913
偸鸡贼，屠羊贼，无情的猎兔犯。

989
00:41:40,190 --> 00:41:42,290
从农夫到猎人，

990
00:41:42,290 --> 00:41:44,823
每个人都视狐狸为敌人。

991
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:49,117
（动物鸣叫）

992
00:41:54,920 --> 00:41:59,710
尽管如此，狐狸是一种会选择猎物的掠食者，

993
00:41:59,710 --> 00:42:02,408
透过基因强化受害者的物种

994
00:42:02,408 --> 00:42:05,293
并控制啮齿动物的数量。

995
00:42:12,460 --> 00:42:16,140
但狐狸也必须与捕猎它的猫头鹰一起生活

996
00:42:17,070 --> 00:42:19,623
并与狼一起限制它的活动范围。

997
00:42:22,120 --> 00:42:24,204
这完全是一个平衡的问题。

998
00:42:24,204 --> 00:42:29,204
（鸟鸣声）（狐狸嗅闻声）

999
00:42:53,840 --> 00:42:56,770
拉佩德里萨山脉的裸露花岗岩

1000
00:42:56,770 --> 00:42:59,520
位于瓜达拉马山脉南坡，

1001
00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:03,193
形成了非比寻常、坚韧不拔、叹为观止的景观。

1002
00:43:04,390 --> 00:43:07,860
最重要的是，尽管它看起来荒凉，

1003
00:43:07,860 --> 00:43:11,123
许多生命都依附在这些巨大的悬崖壁上。

1004
00:43:13,600 --> 00:43:16,523
这是西班牙野山羊的世界，

1005
00:43:18,710 --> 00:43:23,390
一种粗野而坚韧的动物，几乎可以吃任何东西，

1006
00:43:23,390 --> 00:43:26,010
可以步行到任何地方，

1007
00:43:26,010 --> 00:43:28,963
并能抵御各种气候。

1008
00:43:30,430 --> 00:43:33,220
它爬到这里是为了躱避狼

1009
00:43:33,220 --> 00:43:34,783
以及任何其它捕食者。

1010
00:43:36,230 --> 00:43:39,013
但几乎没有生物能在这里跟进。

1011
00:43:40,710 --> 00:43:42,110
每年这个时候，

1012
00:43:42,110 --> 00:43:44,763
雄性动物共同生活在最高的山峰上。

1013
00:43:45,700 --> 00:43:47,373
要找到它们非常困难。

1014
00:43:50,620 --> 00:43:53,520
据说它们最终会形成一个群体

1015
00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:55,623
和该地区的所有雄性。

1016
00:43:57,040 --> 00:44:01,065
尽管如此，却很少人见过它。

1017
00:44:01,065 --> 00:44:03,815
（激昂的音乐）

1018
00:44:38,894 --> 00:44:41,227
秋天即将结束。

1019
00:44:42,965 --> 00:44:47,965
（水拍打声）（鸟鸣声）

1020
00:44:52,950 --> 00:44:54,770
直到十二月份

1021
00:44:54,770 --> 00:44:58,440
知更鸟是否已经停止歌唱、标记领地，

1022
00:44:58,440 --> 00:45:01,023
（轻柔音乐）

1023
00:45:02,900 --> 00:45:05,801
但很快它们也会沉默。

1024
00:45:05,801 --> 00:45:08,468
（鸟鸣声）

1025
00:45:13,470 --> 00:45:17,443
而且莓菓也被吃掉了，几乎全部都被吃掉了。

1026
00:45:18,570 --> 00:45:20,810
剩下的可吃的东西已经所剩无几了，

1027
00:45:20,810 --> 00:45:22,353
这很难找到。

1028
00:45:24,150 --> 00:45:25,783
蜘蛛网是空的。

1029
00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:30,623
它们的主人已经去世或躱藏在岩石之下。

1030
00:45:33,070 --> 00:45:35,570
它们的后代在夏末出生

1031
00:45:35,570 --> 00:45:37,973
确实已经飞走了。

1032
00:45:42,811 --> 00:45:45,020
它们在每根树枝上留下了丝线

1033
00:45:45,020 --> 00:45:46,067
它们从哪里起飞。

1034
00:46:12,039 --> 00:46:15,290
像小风筝一样悬挂在丝线上，

1035
00:46:15,290 --> 00:46:17,330
它们被风吹走了，

1036
00:46:17,330 --> 00:46:19,930
只要有机会就会向南迁徙，

1037
00:46:19,930 --> 00:46:22,750
试图扩张到新的领域，

1038
00:46:22,750 --> 00:46:24,633
甚至跨越海洋。

1039
00:46:48,200 --> 00:46:51,190
墨西哥湾暖流为葡萄牙带来温和的气温

1040
00:46:51,190 --> 00:46:52,363
以及西班牙北部。

1041
00:46:54,870 --> 00:46:57,330
这就是为什么，尽管这些海滩

1042
00:46:57,330 --> 00:47:00,040
在接近纽约纬度的地方，

1043
00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:02,603
伊比利半岛的气候从来没有这么寒冷。

1044
00:47:08,120 --> 00:47:10,800
这是加利西亚地区的海岸，

1045
00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:13,100
距离阿斯图里亚斯非常近。

1046
00:47:13,100 --> 00:47:15,743
这是这个阳光之国最绿色的部份。

1047
00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:18,750
像爱尔兰一样下雨，

1048
00:47:18,750 --> 00:47:20,910
就像在凯尔特表亲的土地上一样，

1049
00:47:20,910 --> 00:47:25,203
平静的海面与猛烈的风暴交替出现。

1050
00:47:26,270 --> 00:47:28,090
冬天来临之际，

1051
00:47:28,090 --> 00:47:31,123
比斯开湾又遭遇一场风暴。

1052
00:47:47,010 --> 00:47:51,183
今天是十二月廿一日，冬季。

1053
00:47:52,680 --> 00:47:56,173
从现在开始，是一段寂静无声的时光。

1054
00:47:58,490 --> 00:48:01,803
对很多人来说这是睡觉的时间。

1055
00:48:03,970 --> 00:48:07,503
尽管如此，大多数动物无法冬眠。

1056
00:48:09,560 --> 00:48:11,500
许多物种必须适应

1057
00:48:11,500 --> 00:48:13,890
这种大陆生活方式，

1058
00:48:13,890 --> 00:48:16,780
食物匮乏的极端世界

1059
00:48:16,780 --> 00:48:18,493
一年中的六个月。

1060
00:48:24,850 --> 00:48:27,760
现在自然条件恶劣，

1061
00:48:27,760 --> 00:48:30,740
尽管今年是萧瑟的时节，

1062
00:48:30,740 --> 00:48:34,123
正是两栖类求偶的季节，对猫头鹰来说，

1063
00:48:34,970 --> 00:48:38,950
以及西班牙野山羊。
（激昂的音乐）

1064
00:49:00,429 --> 00:49:03,012
（轻柔音乐）