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(water whooshing)

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- [Narrator] The ice is melting on the Iberian Peninsula.

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In inland areas, the plant life has been dormant

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for the last four or five months,

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but temperatures are on the rise.

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There is more daylight and humidity.

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The snow becomes liquid, good for drinking,

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and the rivers flow with a new strength.

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As the main producers in the food chain,

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the plants have begun to flourish once more.

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Everything is new again in the spring time.

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(dramatic music)

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Whether herbivorous or not.

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Animals are sustained by the plant kingdom.

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Both worlds need each other in order to survive.

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But the principle biomass that paves the way

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for all other life cycles is that of plants.

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Spring means sunlight,

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which shines higher overhead each day.

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And once again,

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photosynthesis transforms the inorganic into living matter.

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There is plenty of food for everyone.

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Sap flowing through each stem

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and the leaves and flowers announce

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themselves loud and clear,

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starting on the southern edge of the Iberian Peninsula.

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It's still cold in the ecosystems found

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in the northern regions, but in Andalusia, the Algarve,

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and most of east, the explosion known

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as springtime has begun.

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Night may be falling

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on Valencia's Albufera Freshwater Wetlands

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but spring is wide awake.

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The colors of the flowers are highlighted

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by the mating call of frogs.

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(frogs croaking)

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The European tree frog has just one vocal sack

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to make itself heard, but its voice carries long distances.

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And there's no question as to which message.

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They all want the same thing, territory and a mate.

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This midwife toad already has a headstart.

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It's a male with eggs between its legs.

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The female laid them there two weeks ago and the tadpoles

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have developed on the move.

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Today, he will leave them in the water

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and they finally set out on their own.

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(peaceful music)

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In mid March, just south of the Espana Perros,

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nights have gotten quite noisy,

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but the barn owl is not confused by the clamor.

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Thanks to their ability to locate prey by sound,

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using ears which are placed asymmetrically

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and aided by their facial disc,

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this hunter can locate and distinguish the sounds

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that are of the most interest.

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It all depends on who's making them

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and which direction they're coming from.

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(owl hooting)

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(water whooshing)

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Mating season will soon begin.

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So they must build up their strength.

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(frog croaking)

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Toads and frogs are not a favorite meal.

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They often have toxins on their skin and they're cold.

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He prefers mice with their warm, red meat,

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full of protein and energy.

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(birds hooting)

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The common barn owl is a master of sound.

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(feet rustling)

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And of silence.

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The feathers on the front of their wings are uneven,

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creating a pattern like a strange comb

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that slices through the air

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without making even the slightest noise.

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(feet pattering)

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(wind whooshing)

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(frogs croaking) (birds hooting)

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The number of tiny mammals hunted

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by nocturnal birds of prey is incredible.

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making them essential players

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in the balancing out of the ecosystems where they live.

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And the common barn owl lives all over the world.

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(crickets chirring) (water whooshing)

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Just north of Andalusia in Extremadura,

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there are more signs that mating season is about to begin.

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These are the lakes of Los Barruecos,

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a place where the wind and the passage of time

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have molded granite stones into strange rounded shapes.

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This is a singular landscape with virtually no trees.

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But where many living creatures gather

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around it's calm waters

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Here, the great crested grebe is ready to mate

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and ready to hunt.

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The grebe is not a duck.

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It's carnivorous and will eat whatever fish happens

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to enter its mouth.

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Tench, trout, perch, or carp.

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This female has more than enough fuel to produce two eggs.

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(peaceful music)

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Just today, the Spanish pond tortoises

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has come out of hibernation.

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It's not definitive.

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There will still be cold days

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when they will have to submerge themselves

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in the mud and plants and they'll sleep a bit more.

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But this morning, they are soaking up

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the first heat-giving rays of sunlight

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that they've had in five months.

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In Dimeux, the European pond tortoises

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is also beginning to poke its head out

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to check and see if the weather is really getting warmer.

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Its shell provides effective protection against predators,

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but it also acts as a solar panel

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that helps to raise its body temperature.

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The ducks at the Tablas de Daimiel

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court each other for quite a while

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before choosing a definitive mate.

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Some of them have been flirting since January.

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They swim and stroll around together

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for most of the day.

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As their relationship grows,

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they gain confidence and their attraction becomes stronger.

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And the males and females begin

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to copy each other's movements.

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Each species has a different choreographed mating ritual,

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but they are all synchronized.

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The male white-headed ducks

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are still fighting over their territory.

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Their threats are fun to watch

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if you don't know what they mean,

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but the truth is there's much at stake.

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(birds chirping) (water whooshing)

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The Tablas de Daimiel National Park is growing,

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both in size and in ecological significance.

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All around the bodies of water,

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stretches of prairie that were once used

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for agriculture have been returned

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to their natural ecosystems.

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In the spring, this land is a spectacular sea of flowers.

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Spring is an unstable season as regards the climate.

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(bugs buzzing)

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(dramatic music)

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It's a little crazy.

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Clear sunny skies can turn cold and gray

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in a very short period of time.

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For weeks at a stretch,

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it can seem like summer has come early,

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but the following week, whether it's March or May,

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the weather can turn upside down

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and February's climate can come rushing back.

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(rain whooshing)

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(frogs croaking)

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But strange weather is the norm in the spring time.

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The frogs were waiting for the sunshine to warm them up,

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but it's really their hormones that have them all excited,

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singing and fighting for their rightful place

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in the pool of water.

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(frogs croaking)

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Their mating call is an attempt to show

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which of the males is the biggest and strongest.

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The notes they sing change according

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to the size of their vocal sack

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and the strength of their breath.

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Frogs make a croaking sound by blowing the air

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from their lungs over their vocal chords

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and amplifying the vibration through their vocal sacks.

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This species has two such membranes

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and by using both sacks, it croaks in stereo.

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This helps the female to better locate the male

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whose calls she likes best.

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The mating call has still not attracted a single female,

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but it has caught the attention of a hedgehog.

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He seems to have awoken with an empty stomach

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after the long winter sleep,

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but no, the hedgehog is merely thirsty.

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He's not trying to hunt frogs so there's nothing to fear.

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The hedgehog knows he's too slow.

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And the sun has brought the frog's legs back to life.

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(suspenseful music)

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Although, just to be on the safe side,

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they move out of the way.

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And when one frog moves, the others follow suit.

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(water whooshing) (dramatic music)

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(frogs croaking)

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In the peninsula's inland regions, it's still cold.

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The leaves on the trees are still not out,

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but they will soon be hiding bird nests.

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The woodpeckers have also begun to sing.

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Their mating call is quite curious.

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They make it by pecking on the tree trunks

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with their powerful beaks up to 12 times per second.

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(beaks tapping)

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Year after year, they peck at the same dried up dead trees.

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They choose these old trees because they echo

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throughout the forest, like an enormous sounding board.

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(dramatic music)

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Almost every kind of bird is building its nest.

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Each one uses a special technique,

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and some engage in truly complex feats of engineering.

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The grebes build nests that float,

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made of durable aquatic vegetation.

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If the water level goes up or down,

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the nest too will go up or down,

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atop branches that are fixed to the bottom of the pond.

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This requires a refined technique

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that is part instinct and part learned.

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Or at the very least, the fruit of experience.

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The construction is quite stable.

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And as if to prove the point, mating takes place right here.

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(frogs croaking)

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The nest has held up

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so they can now pass on to the next level.

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(birds chirping)

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The Spanish imperial eagle is also working on its nest

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this time of year.

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This species, which is unique to the Iberian peninsula,

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was on the brink of extinction.

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But now 400 mating pairs seem to have a bright future.

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(beaks tapping)

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(bird squawking)

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The imperial eagle has white shoulders

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and is a bit smaller than the golden eagle,

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but some consider it to be even more beautiful,

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perhaps because there are so few of them.

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This female is waiting

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for her preferred male to bring her a gift.

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If it is a rabbit or another bit of prey,

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she may confirm her choice

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as he proves he can feed their offspring well.

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Just as nests vary from species to species.

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(goofy music)

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The wedding dance also differs in a way

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that offers information about the individual performing it.

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(bright music)

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With grebes, the idea is to mimic the other bird

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like a mirror.

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(water whooshing)

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Although the snow has slacked off in the Pyrenees,

239
00:23:42,260 --> 00:23:45,210
the water temperature in the mountain lakes and pools

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is not much above freezing.

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00:23:54,938 --> 00:23:57,690
But even so, springtime finds newts engaging

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00:23:57,690 --> 00:23:59,392
in their mating ritual.

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(romantic music)

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00:24:01,380 --> 00:24:03,790
Something they're known to do in the middle of winter,

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depending on the latitude.

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The cold has no effect on them when they're in this state.

247
00:24:11,510 --> 00:24:13,650
Still, before they mate,

248
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they have to recover part of the fat lost

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during the months they've spent hibernating,

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frozen beneath the ice.

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00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:31,800
On the lower slopes below the peak of Peñalara,

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the Eurasian black vulture manages to get by,

253
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despite having to share his feast with the griffin vulture,

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who makes life quite difficult.

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At this point in spring,

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the griffin vulture already has chicks in the nest

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and must provide them with food.

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(birds screeching)

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The adults must eat more than normal

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and can become very aggressive.

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And there are many more of them.

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In spite of their larger bodies and greater strength,

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the black vulture is far less common

264
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and they don't gather together to feed.

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Their carrion is normally much smaller in size,

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and they're perfectly happy with a dead rabbit.

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As a result, they're not used to sharing

268
00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:44,003
or fighting over every bite.

269
00:26:45,142 --> 00:26:48,059
(birds screeching)

270
00:26:54,230 --> 00:26:57,130
This black vulture was the one who discovered the carrion,

271
00:26:58,710 --> 00:27:00,423
but he's been shoved aside.

272
00:27:02,040 --> 00:27:04,623
He's not happy at these crowded banquets.

273
00:27:05,970 --> 00:27:09,033
What's more, unlike his cousin the griffin vulture,

274
00:27:09,910 --> 00:27:13,313
he can digest the toughest parts of the animal

275
00:27:13,313 --> 00:27:15,073
like the tendons and hide.

276
00:27:19,130 --> 00:27:23,120
Black vultures and griffin vultures are closely related,

277
00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:25,863
but their demographic success is quite different.

278
00:27:28,670 --> 00:27:30,540
On the Iberian Peninsula,

279
00:27:30,540 --> 00:27:33,763
there are 25 griffins for every black vulture.

280
00:27:37,320 --> 00:27:39,840
Consider the relationship between the black stork

281
00:27:39,840 --> 00:27:41,530
and the white stork.

282
00:27:41,530 --> 00:27:42,940
A symbol of spring,

283
00:27:42,940 --> 00:27:45,410
the powerful white stork is a species

284
00:27:45,410 --> 00:27:48,400
that has adapted and proliferated amazingly well

285
00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:49,833
in Spain and Portugal.

286
00:27:51,616 --> 00:27:54,366
(birds chirping)

287
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:57,520
The black stork, however is one

288
00:27:57,520 --> 00:28:00,303
of the most seriously threatened birds in Europe.

289
00:28:06,860 --> 00:28:10,830
And 90% of black storks mate and nest exclusively

290
00:28:10,830 --> 00:28:12,577
on the Iberian Peninsula.

291
00:28:23,550 --> 00:28:26,490
In and around Monfragüe National Park National Park

292
00:28:26,490 --> 00:28:28,640
on the banks of the Tagus River,

293
00:28:28,640 --> 00:28:30,100
the population is strengthening

294
00:28:30,100 --> 00:28:31,947
its numbers little by little.

295
00:28:33,980 --> 00:28:36,700
New generations of storks have either hatched

296
00:28:36,700 --> 00:28:37,653
or are about to.

297
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:42,723
In the last 20 years, their numbers have doubled.

298
00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:47,330
There are now 500 mating pairs in all,

299
00:28:47,330 --> 00:28:49,430
but when it comes to the white stork,

300
00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:52,593
there are currently more than 30,000 mating pairs.

301
00:28:56,569 --> 00:28:59,402
(water whooshing)

302
00:29:06,130 --> 00:29:09,763
From the moment it's born, the Spanish ibex is able to walk.

303
00:29:15,260 --> 00:29:17,353
Even on these steep rocks.

304
00:29:23,370 --> 00:29:26,240
This is its great evolutionary advantage

305
00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:28,433
which keeps most predators at bay.

306
00:29:37,580 --> 00:29:40,720
Whether in the Sierra Nevada, Gathorla, Gredos

307
00:29:40,720 --> 00:29:42,690
or Guadarrama Ranges,

308
00:29:42,690 --> 00:29:45,937
the males move upward toward the mountain peaks.

309
00:29:45,937 --> 00:29:49,020
(suspenseful music)

310
00:30:03,045 --> 00:30:05,950
They stop to take a final look at their children,

311
00:30:05,950 --> 00:30:09,290
but instinct insists that they separate from the females

312
00:30:09,290 --> 00:30:10,290
and their offspring.

313
00:30:19,630 --> 00:30:21,840
They spend the winter together,

314
00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:24,390
but do not see each other for the rest of the year.

315
00:30:28,930 --> 00:30:30,690
From a very young age,

316
00:30:30,690 --> 00:30:33,943
the male ibex are prepared to prove who is best.

317
00:30:35,690 --> 00:30:39,393
Although, for the moment, these are just educational games.

318
00:30:41,066 --> 00:30:46,066
(birds chirping) (horns clacking)

319
00:31:10,787 --> 00:31:13,537
(frogs croaking)

320
00:31:15,190 --> 00:31:16,270
The breeding grounds,

321
00:31:16,270 --> 00:31:18,440
where different species of birds gather together

322
00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:21,650
to build their nests are a logical part of springtime

323
00:31:21,650 --> 00:31:23,163
on the Iberian Peninsula.

324
00:31:24,780 --> 00:31:27,873
The weather that is right for mating doesn't last long here.

325
00:31:29,860 --> 00:31:32,200
And the ideal places for incubating eggs

326
00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:34,663
and caring for chicks are quite limited.

327
00:31:37,830 --> 00:31:40,560
Many birds coincide in their choice of timing

328
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:44,093
and a spot like this one is perfect.

329
00:31:46,730 --> 00:31:49,083
That's why it's chosen by so many pairs.

330
00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:54,490
In addition, in an evolutionary sense,

331
00:31:54,490 --> 00:31:56,563
this strategy has its advantages.

332
00:31:58,300 --> 00:32:00,350
The gray heron hasn't reached an agreement

333
00:32:00,350 --> 00:32:03,400
with the Eurasian bittern or the cattle egret

334
00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:06,950
but when they gather together, there is safety in numbers,

335
00:32:06,950 --> 00:32:08,360
and they're able to warn each other

336
00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:10,533
in advance of approaching dangers.

337
00:32:11,740 --> 00:32:13,820
And of course, as a group,

338
00:32:13,820 --> 00:32:15,040
they can ward off many

339
00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:16,983
of the predators stalking their young.

340
00:32:18,650 --> 00:32:22,500
No fox would ever dare to approach this place.

341
00:32:22,500 --> 00:32:24,233
He would end up pecked to pieces.

342
00:32:26,150 --> 00:32:28,460
The downside is that the birds often argue

343
00:32:28,460 --> 00:32:29,510
with their neighbors.

344
00:32:34,150 --> 00:32:37,700
Nearby nests mean that tensions among the multitudes

345
00:32:37,700 --> 00:32:39,233
often result in fights.

346
00:32:40,460 --> 00:32:42,760
They don't usually lead to serious injury

347
00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:44,520
between the contenders,

348
00:32:44,520 --> 00:32:46,800
although they are capable of killing each other

349
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:50,823
with their huge beaks. (birds squawking)

350
00:33:15,970 --> 00:33:18,918
Interestingly, the only showdowns occur

351
00:33:18,918 --> 00:33:20,810
between different species,

352
00:33:20,810 --> 00:33:22,750
which is to say that no one argues

353
00:33:22,750 --> 00:33:24,793
with members of their own species.

354
00:33:32,870 --> 00:33:35,790
Disagreements about the twigs provided by each member

355
00:33:35,790 --> 00:33:37,963
of the mating pair have no solution.

356
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:41,560
Sometimes the stick is too long,

357
00:33:41,560 --> 00:33:43,360
which is obvious even to non-herons,

358
00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:46,263
but if he or she insists.

359
00:34:02,033 --> 00:34:03,870
The location and position of the materials

360
00:34:03,870 --> 00:34:06,300
is also a delicate question,

361
00:34:06,300 --> 00:34:09,233
but the opinion of the female usually prevails.

362
00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:13,733
Ultimately, she's the one who will be sitting on the eggs.

363
00:34:16,470 --> 00:34:17,827
That's animals for you.

364
00:34:23,414 --> 00:34:26,164
(peaceful music)

365
00:34:37,961 --> 00:34:40,070
To the north, as far north as you can go

366
00:34:40,070 --> 00:34:41,950
on the Iberian Peninsula

367
00:34:41,950 --> 00:34:45,370
between the shoreline and the Cantabrian Mountain Range,

368
00:34:45,370 --> 00:34:49,523
we find the greenest of all Spain's regions, Asturias.

369
00:34:51,350 --> 00:34:55,040
The humidity here keeps temperatures mild all year round

370
00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:57,173
in almost all geographic areas.

371
00:34:59,310 --> 00:35:01,360
The region is quite mountainous.

372
00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:04,290
So at high altitudes where the last few bears

373
00:35:04,290 --> 00:35:06,500
in Southern Europe take refuge,

374
00:35:06,500 --> 00:35:08,894
it can get cold at times.

375
00:35:08,894 --> 00:35:11,477
(bright music)

376
00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:15,583
But not today.

377
00:35:17,470 --> 00:35:20,533
A bear is taking her first springtime stroll.

378
00:35:23,340 --> 00:35:25,990
Trailing behind her is her little cub,

379
00:35:25,990 --> 00:35:28,340
who spent the whole winter in the den with her.

380
00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:34,890
This rare subspecies of brown bear is recovering its numbers

381
00:35:34,890 --> 00:35:38,030
in the highest mountains in the Picos de Europa Range

382
00:35:38,030 --> 00:35:41,143
in mythical spots like Somiedo and Monillos.

383
00:35:42,220 --> 00:35:45,373
And also on the Sachar Reserve in the Santander region.

384
00:35:47,510 --> 00:35:50,850
Like all members of her species, this female is afraid

385
00:35:50,850 --> 00:35:55,500
not only of humans, but also of male brown bears,

386
00:35:55,500 --> 00:35:57,470
which have been known to kill cubs

387
00:35:57,470 --> 00:35:59,323
in an effort to seduce the mother.

388
00:36:01,167 --> 00:36:04,250
(footsteps rustling)

389
00:36:12,257 --> 00:36:14,924
(bear snorting)

390
00:36:17,040 --> 00:36:20,325
By late May, spring is everywhere.

391
00:36:20,325 --> 00:36:21,410
(bee buzzing)

392
00:36:21,410 --> 00:36:23,980
From the lush Cantabrian Coast

393
00:36:23,980 --> 00:36:27,300
to the arid stands of palm trees and esparto grass

394
00:36:27,300 --> 00:36:28,633
in Almeria and Murcia.

395
00:36:30,062 --> 00:36:33,486
(birds chirping)

396
00:36:33,486 --> 00:36:34,319
(insects chirring)

397
00:36:34,319 --> 00:36:37,050
Insects are in charge of spreading the pollen necessary

398
00:36:37,050 --> 00:36:39,270
for creating the next generation of plants

399
00:36:39,270 --> 00:36:40,483
in the coming year.

400
00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:47,550
They are also a staple in the food chain,

401
00:36:47,550 --> 00:36:49,150
making a part of the abundance

402
00:36:49,150 --> 00:36:53,520
that sustains the new offspring born to all animals

403
00:36:53,520 --> 00:36:55,533
and others who are more fully grown.

404
00:36:57,580 --> 00:37:00,643
But insects are not only here to help others.

405
00:37:00,643 --> 00:37:02,940
(peaceful music)

406
00:37:02,940 --> 00:37:05,930
They have their own lives and it's in the spring

407
00:37:05,930 --> 00:37:08,220
when the majority of them are busy undertaking

408
00:37:08,220 --> 00:37:13,220
their most important task, multiplying by the billions.

409
00:38:09,970 --> 00:38:12,903
Spiders are the main consumers of insects.

410
00:38:14,330 --> 00:38:16,170
Their ecological labor consists

411
00:38:16,170 --> 00:38:18,120
of keeping the population of their cousins,

412
00:38:18,120 --> 00:38:19,763
the arthropods, in check.

413
00:38:20,730 --> 00:38:23,450
Otherwise they would proliferate wildly,

414
00:38:23,450 --> 00:38:25,723
devouring everything in their path.

415
00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:39,050
The female newts in the Pyrenees

416
00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:41,403
are finally ready to lay their eggs.

417
00:38:45,090 --> 00:38:47,390
It's very interesting how each one

418
00:38:47,390 --> 00:38:50,080
chooses every single leaf,

419
00:38:50,080 --> 00:38:52,650
looking at it carefully as if each one

420
00:38:52,650 --> 00:38:54,690
were completely different,

421
00:38:54,690 --> 00:38:57,443
as those some are worthwhile and others aren't.

422
00:39:05,810 --> 00:39:08,160
When they finally make their decision,

423
00:39:08,160 --> 00:39:12,310
they deposit a single egg in the cup of the chosen leaf

424
00:39:12,310 --> 00:39:16,663
and then interlace their toes over it, squeezing gently.

425
00:39:22,867 --> 00:39:25,617
(peaceful music)

426
00:39:35,340 --> 00:39:38,470
She waits a few minutes while the harmless adhesive secreted

427
00:39:38,470 --> 00:39:39,913
by the egg takes hold.

428
00:39:42,830 --> 00:39:45,280
This allows her to seal up the leaf

429
00:39:45,280 --> 00:39:47,573
and keep the egg hidden from predators.

430
00:39:54,410 --> 00:39:58,263
There, another chance to keep the gene pool strong.

431
00:40:10,827 --> 00:40:13,963
Not many unhatched eggs remain on the Iberian Peninsula.

432
00:40:13,963 --> 00:40:16,713
(ducks quacking)

433
00:40:21,880 --> 00:40:25,690
Ducklings are already waddling after their mothers,

434
00:40:25,690 --> 00:40:27,723
but the grebes are still waiting.

435
00:40:29,210 --> 00:40:31,033
They're always last.

436
00:40:33,340 --> 00:40:35,350
The mother seems impatient,

437
00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:37,363
but the due date still hasn't arrived.

438
00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:41,643
The nest has stood up to the effects of water and time.

439
00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:49,250
It's a little worse for the wear,

440
00:40:50,180 --> 00:40:52,380
but it doesn't have to last too much longer.

441
00:41:12,352 --> 00:41:15,150
The dabchick, which is directly related to the grebe,

442
00:41:15,150 --> 00:41:17,330
hatches its eggs a little earlier,

443
00:41:17,330 --> 00:41:20,793
but it's way of caring for its chicks is exactly the same.

444
00:41:22,180 --> 00:41:24,430
They carry their babies on their back

445
00:41:24,430 --> 00:41:25,853
in among their feathers.

446
00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:29,963
Two little chicks.

447
00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:35,634
The adults hunt them for the first few weeks.

448
00:41:35,634 --> 00:41:37,400
(water whooshing)

449
00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:39,650
They dive again and again,

450
00:41:39,650 --> 00:41:42,383
in search of an endless supply of tiny prey.

451
00:41:43,320 --> 00:41:46,600
They make a huge effort with very little return,

452
00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,023
but only fish this size will fit in the chicks' tiny mouths.

453
00:41:51,830 --> 00:41:54,523
The strategy also works to protect the newborns.

454
00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:58,190
Not many predators are able

455
00:41:58,190 --> 00:42:00,593
to identify the parents and chicks separately.

456
00:42:03,950 --> 00:42:05,670
It's very efficient when compared

457
00:42:05,670 --> 00:42:08,293
to the single file system used by the ducks.

458
00:42:09,640 --> 00:42:11,780
The mother and father work together,

459
00:42:11,780 --> 00:42:13,923
taking turns, feeding, and resting.

460
00:42:15,740 --> 00:42:18,180
This is exhausting work,

461
00:42:18,180 --> 00:42:19,660
but today the chicks are getting

462
00:42:19,660 --> 00:42:22,053
their first lessons in independence.

463
00:42:29,380 --> 00:42:33,030
For the first time, they're eating in the water

464
00:42:33,030 --> 00:42:34,830
rather than on their parents' backs.

465
00:42:44,000 --> 00:42:48,963
This morning's class is one of the hardest, immersion.

466
00:42:55,820 --> 00:42:57,870
Summer will be here soon,

467
00:42:57,870 --> 00:43:00,743
and there are many skills to learn before it arrives.

468
00:43:09,950 --> 00:43:11,090
In the spring,

469
00:43:11,090 --> 00:43:13,440
all new creatures must be prepared to deal

470
00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:16,200
with unexpected changes in the weather,

471
00:43:16,200 --> 00:43:19,353
especially when the season lasts longer than expected.

472
00:43:20,418 --> 00:43:23,168
(peaceful music)

473
00:43:29,750 --> 00:43:32,160
If the springtime ends quickly,

474
00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:35,320
there will be an even more dire shortage of water

475
00:43:35,320 --> 00:43:37,803
and many pools will dry up fast.

476
00:43:39,310 --> 00:43:41,470
If it lasts longer than usual,

477
00:43:41,470 --> 00:43:44,540
many more offspring may survive at first,

478
00:43:44,540 --> 00:43:48,283
but as they grow, abundance will turn to scarcity.

479
00:43:51,450 --> 00:43:54,120
Nature tends to balance out the numbers

480
00:43:55,030 --> 00:43:58,070
and its tactics are always based on the fact

481
00:43:58,070 --> 00:44:02,143
that many young die so that a select few may survive.

482
00:44:11,770 --> 00:44:15,210
Iberian lynx kittens can now be seen in the southern half

483
00:44:15,210 --> 00:44:16,503
of the Iberian Peninsula.

484
00:44:19,460 --> 00:44:22,280
This is a sign of plentiful resources,

485
00:44:22,280 --> 00:44:24,723
including rabbits and open space.

486
00:44:37,110 --> 00:44:41,113
Perhaps humans have aided the process and it's about time.

487
00:44:43,530 --> 00:44:46,290
The most threatened feline in the world seems

488
00:44:46,290 --> 00:44:48,843
to be enjoying its own personal spring time.

489
00:44:52,130 --> 00:44:54,030
But this is only the beginning

490
00:44:54,030 --> 00:44:55,230
of the species' recovery

491
00:44:57,060 --> 00:44:59,683
and summer could bring with it new problems.

492
00:45:25,120 --> 00:45:28,400
A Eurasian blue tit has returned with food only

493
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:30,863
to discover that her chicks have flown the coop.

494
00:45:33,200 --> 00:45:34,823
Summer is here,

495
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:39,573
with all its challenges.

496
00:45:43,790 --> 00:45:46,713
Even the ants are crowded into their ant hills.

497
00:45:47,610 --> 00:45:51,193
Some of them see war as their only chance at survival.

498
00:45:52,264 --> 00:45:55,014
(dramatic music)

499
00:46:31,490 --> 00:46:34,683
Today is June 21st, summer.

500
00:46:35,570 --> 00:46:36,423
It's hot.

501
00:46:37,570 --> 00:46:41,023
There's no water and every day will get worse.

502
00:46:48,550 --> 00:46:51,270
For some, conditions are so tough

503
00:46:51,270 --> 00:46:53,383
that they must take shelter from the sun,

504
00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:58,580
but for the young born in springtime,

505
00:46:58,580 --> 00:47:00,521
this is their moment.

506
00:47:00,521 --> 00:47:01,354
(birds squawking)

507
00:47:01,354 --> 00:47:03,720
The time to grow and learn has come.

508
00:47:03,720 --> 00:47:05,273
It's now or never.

509
00:47:07,820 --> 00:47:11,523
Life gathers in the few spots that are not completely dry.

510
00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:15,570
Most activity occurs during the short nights

511
00:47:15,570 --> 00:47:17,620
because the temperatures are much cooler.

512
00:47:20,420 --> 00:47:24,143
At midday, no one can resist moving into the shade.

513
00:47:25,460 --> 00:47:27,580
This is simply part of the cycle.

514
00:47:27,580 --> 00:47:30,210
The hot part, the part that will allow

515
00:47:30,210 --> 00:47:32,333
only the strongest to carry on.

516
00:47:33,470 --> 00:47:35,540
The bats are giving birth now,

517
00:47:35,540 --> 00:47:37,210
when the mosquitoes are hatching,

518
00:47:37,210 --> 00:47:39,160
when the scorpions are fighting,

519
00:47:39,160 --> 00:47:42,870
when the black vulture must abandoned its peaceful nest.

520
00:47:42,870 --> 00:47:45,620
(dramatic music)

521
00:47:52,103 --> 00:47:54,686
(bright music)

522
00:00:00,556 --> 00:00:03,389
（水呼啸声）

523
00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:14,730
- [旁白]伊比利半岛的冰川正在融化。

524
00:00:17,300 --> 00:00:20,090
在内陆地区，植物生命处于休眠状态

525
00:00:20,090 --> 00:00:22,193
在过去的四、五个月里，

526
00:00:23,700 --> 00:00:25,593
但气温正在上升。

527
00:00:26,540 --> 00:00:28,663
日照更长，湿度也更高。

528
00:00:31,750 --> 00:00:35,150
雪变成液体，可以饮用，

529
00:00:35,150 --> 00:00:37,513
河水以新的力量流动。

530
00:00:39,870 --> 00:00:42,350
作为食物链中的主要生产者，

531
00:00:42,350 --> 00:00:44,773
植物又开始茂盛起来。

532
00:00:45,820 --> 00:00:48,363
春天万物生气勃勃。

533
00:00:51,078 --> 00:00:53,828
（激昂的音乐）

534
00:01:40,740 --> 00:01:42,620
无论是否为草食性动物。

535
00:01:42,620 --> 00:01:44,993
动物都需依靠植物界生存。

536
00:01:46,580 --> 00:01:49,403
两个世界唇齿相依

537
00:01:50,290 --> 00:01:52,560
但铺路的主要生物质

538
00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:55,453
所有其它生命周期都是植物的生命周期。

539
00:01:57,820 --> 00:01:59,860
春天意味着阳光，

540
00:01:59,860 --> 00:02:02,920
每天都在高空闪耀。

541
00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:04,130
再次，

542
00:02:04,130 --> 00:02:08,263
光合作用将无机物转化为生物物质。

543
00:02:13,420 --> 00:02:15,553
有足够的食物供食用。

544
00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:20,280
树液流经每根茎

545
00:02:21,310 --> 00:02:23,170
树叶和花宣告

546
00:02:23,170 --> 00:02:25,410
声音响亮清晰，

547
00:02:25,410 --> 00:02:28,353
始于伊比利半岛南部边缘。

548
00:02:34,060 --> 00:02:36,460
发现的生态系统仍然很冷

549
00:02:36,460 --> 00:02:40,060
在北部地区，但在安达卢西亚、阿尔加维，

550
00:02:40,060 --> 00:02:42,480
以及东部大部份地区

551
00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:44,063
春天已经开始了。

552
00:02:58,270 --> 00:02:59,280
夜幕或许即将降临

553
00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:02,280
瓦伦西亚阿尔布费拉淡水湿地

554
00:03:02,280 --> 00:03:05,080
但春天已经苏醒。

555
00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:07,150
花朶的颜色被凸显出来

556
00:03:07,150 --> 00:03:09,174
透过青蛙的交配叫声。

557
00:03:09,174 --> 00:03:11,924
（青蛙嘎嘎叫）

558
00:03:17,360 --> 00:03:20,240
欧洲树蛙只有一个声囊

559
00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:25,240
让它被听到，声音传得很远。

560
00:03:25,390 --> 00:03:28,023
并且对于具体是哪一条讯息没有任何疑问。

561
00:03:28,860 --> 00:03:33,370
它们都想要同一件事：领土和配偶。

562
00:03:39,540 --> 00:03:42,800
这只助产蟾蜍已经领先了。

563
00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:46,130
这是一只雄性蟾蜍，两腿之间有卵。

564
00:03:46,130 --> 00:03:49,650
雌性蟾蜍两周前把它们产在那里

565
00:03:49,650 --> 00:03:51,143
蝌蚪已经发展成为移动型的。

566
00:03:55,530 --> 00:03:57,430
今天，它会把它们留在水中

567
00:03:58,392 --> 00:04:00,989
它们终于开始了自己的旅程。

568
00:04:00,989 --> 00:04:03,739
（平静的音乐）

569
00:04:44,010 --> 00:04:47,280
三月中旬，在Espana Perros以南，

570
00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:49,213
夜晚变得相当喧闹，

571
00:04:50,500 --> 00:04:53,643
但仓鴞并没有被这些喧闹声所困扰。

572
00:04:55,840 --> 00:04:59,000
由于它们能够透过声音定位猎物，

573
00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:01,910
使用位置不对称的耳朶

574
00:05:01,910 --> 00:05:04,410
并藉助其面盘，

575
00:05:04,410 --> 00:05:07,430
这猎者可以定位和区分声音

576
00:05:07,430 --> 00:05:08,933
最令人感兴趣的是

577
00:05:11,090 --> 00:05:13,490
这一切都取决于谁在创造它们

578
00:05:13,490 --> 00:05:15,993
以及它们来自哪个方向。

579
00:05:15,993 --> 00:05:18,493
（猫头鹰叫声）

580
00:05:19,929 --> 00:05:21,710
（水呼啸声）

581
00:05:21,710 --> 00:05:23,970
交配季节即将开始。

582
00:05:23,970 --> 00:05:25,883
所以它们必须增强实力。

583
00:05:29,153 --> 00:05:30,179
（青蛙叫声）

584
00:05:30,179 --> 00:05:32,440
蟾蜍和青蛙并不是它们喜欢的食物。

585
00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:35,173
它们的皮肤上常有毒素，而且身体很冷。

586
00:05:41,570 --> 00:05:44,050
它比较喜欢吃肉质温热、红润的老鼠，

587
00:05:44,050 --> 00:05:46,233
富含蛋白质和能量。

588
00:05:48,325 --> 00:05:50,250
（鸟鸣声）

589
00:05:50,250 --> 00:05:53,123
普通的仓鴞是声音大师。

590
00:05:55,928 --> 00:05:59,230
（脚步声）

591
00:05:59,230 --> 00:06:00,103
还有沉默。

592
00:06:02,010 --> 00:06:04,713
它们翅膀前部的羽毛参差不齐，

593
00:06:05,860 --> 00:06:08,740
创造出像梳子一样的奇怪图案

594
00:06:08,740 --> 00:06:10,310
划破空气

595
00:06:10,310 --> 00:06:12,923
没有发出一点声音。

596
00:06:19,878 --> 00:06:22,628
（脚步声）

597
00:06:24,483 --> 00:06:27,233
（风呼啸）

598
00:06:29,614 --> 00:06:32,690
（青蛙呱呱叫）（鸟儿鸣叫）

599
00:06:32,690 --> 00:06:34,500
被猎杀的小型哺乳动物数量

600
00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:38,110
夜间活动的猛禽的这种行为令人难以置信。

601
00:06:38,110 --> 00:06:39,650
让它们成为不可或缺的成员

602
00:06:39,650 --> 00:06:42,400
平衡它们所居住的生态系统。

603
00:06:43,380 --> 00:06:46,773
常见的仓鴞遍布世界各地。

604
00:06:53,627 --> 00:06:58,627
（蟋蟀鸣叫）（水呼啸）

605
00:07:02,350 --> 00:07:04,513
位于安达卢西亚北部的埃斯特雷马杜拉，

606
00:07:05,410 --> 00:07:08,723
越来越多的迹像表明交配季节即将开始。

607
00:07:20,500 --> 00:07:23,200
这些是洛斯巴鲁科斯湖，

608
00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:25,620
一个可以感受风与时间流逝的地方

609
00:07:25,620 --> 00:07:29,703
将花岗岩塑造成奇怪的圆形。

610
00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:38,303
这是一处几乎没有树木的奇特景观。

611
00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:42,920
但在许多生物聚集的地方

612
00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:44,613
周围是平静的水面

613
00:07:54,690 --> 00:07:57,680
图中，凤头鸊鷉正准备交配

614
00:07:59,630 --> 00:08:00,763
并准备狩猎。

615
00:08:16,390 --> 00:08:18,660
鸊鷉不是鸭。

616
00:08:18,660 --> 00:08:21,960
它是肉食性的，会吃任何遇到的鱼

617
00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:23,003
进入它的嘴里。

618
00:08:23,870 --> 00:08:26,853
丁鲷、鳟鱼、鲈鱼或鲤鱼。

619
00:08:29,250 --> 00:08:32,643
雌性体内所拥有的能量足够它产下两颗蛋。

620
00:08:41,983 --> 00:08:44,733
（平静的音乐）

621
00:08:53,180 --> 00:08:55,200
就在今天，西班牙池龟

622
00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:56,683
已经从冬眠中苏醒。

623
00:08:57,590 --> 00:08:59,100
这还不是最终结论。

624
00:08:59,100 --> 00:09:00,810
寒冷的日子还会有

625
00:09:00,810 --> 00:09:02,580
它们将不得不沉入水中

626
00:09:02,580 --> 00:09:05,343
在泥土和植物中，它们会多睡一会儿。

627
00:09:07,340 --> 00:09:09,170
但今天早上，它们正在吸収

628
00:09:09,170 --> 00:09:11,180
第一缕散发热量的阳光

629
00:09:11,180 --> 00:09:13,143
这是它们五个月以来的纪录。

630
00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:21,760
在 Dimeux，欧洲池龟

631
00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:24,330
也开始探出头来

632
00:09:24,330 --> 00:09:27,223
检查天气是否眞的变暖。

633
00:09:32,490 --> 00:09:35,763
它的壳可以有效地保护自己免受掠食者的侵害，

634
00:09:36,670 --> 00:09:38,730
但它也可以充当太阳能电池板

635
00:09:38,730 --> 00:09:40,873
这有助于提高它的体温。

636
00:10:08,100 --> 00:10:10,050
Tablas de Daimiel鸭

637
00:10:10,050 --> 00:10:11,800
追求了好一阵子

638
00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:13,620
在选择最终伴侣之前。

639
00:10:15,750 --> 00:10:18,050
它们从一月份就开始调情了。

640
00:10:22,340 --> 00:10:24,370
它们一起游泳、散步

641
00:10:24,370 --> 00:10:26,220
大部份时间都是如此。

642
00:10:26,220 --> 00:10:28,060
随着它们的关系不断发展，

643
00:10:28,060 --> 00:10:31,860
它们变得更有自信，吸引力也变得更强。

644
00:10:31,860 --> 00:10:33,660
然后雄性和雌性开始

645
00:10:33,660 --> 00:10:35,263
模仿彼此的动作。

646
00:10:41,030 --> 00:10:44,810
每个物种都有不同的交配仪式，

647
00:10:44,810 --> 00:10:46,893
但它们都是同步的。

648
00:10:57,530 --> 00:10:59,190
雄性白头鸭

649
00:10:59,190 --> 00:11:01,203
仍在争夺领土。

650
00:11:05,580 --> 00:11:07,810
它们的威胁看起来很有趣

651
00:11:07,810 --> 00:11:09,353
如果你不知道它们的意思，

652
00:11:11,558 --> 00:11:13,703
但事实是，事关重大。

653
00:11:14,612 --> 00:11:19,612
（鸟鸣声）（水流呼啸声）

654
00:11:37,490 --> 00:11:40,750
塔布拉斯德戴米耶尔国家公园正在发展，

655
00:11:40,750 --> 00:11:44,163
无论从规模或生态意义而言。

656
00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:47,750
在水体周围，

657
00:11:47,750 --> 00:11:49,740
曾经被用作

658
00:11:49,740 --> 00:11:51,670
农业生产已经恢复

659
00:11:51,670 --> 00:11:53,483
它们的自然生态系。

660
00:11:57,320 --> 00:12:01,823
每逢春天，这片土地便是一片蔚为壮观的花海。

661
00:12:07,480 --> 00:12:10,863
春季是气候不稳定的季节。

662
00:12:13,238 --> 00:12:15,736
（昆虫嗡嗡叫）

663
00:12:15,736 --> 00:12:17,902
（激昂的音乐）

664
00:12:17,902 --> 00:12:18,902
这有点疯狂。

665
00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:23,770
晴朗的天空可能变得寒冷而灰闇

666
00:12:23,770 --> 00:12:25,723
在很短的时间内。

667
00:12:28,930 --> 00:12:30,490
连续数周，

668
00:12:30,490 --> 00:12:32,453
夏天似乎来得早了，

669
00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:37,600
但接下来的一周，无论是三月或五月，

670
00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:40,000
天气可能会逆转

671
00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:42,643
二月份的气候又将迅速回归。

672
00:12:44,100 --> 00:12:46,850
（雨声呼啸）

673
00:12:59,339 --> 00:13:00,172
（青蛙嘎嘎叫）

674
00:13:00,172 --> 00:13:03,053
但春季出现异常天气却是常态。

675
00:13:08,520 --> 00:13:11,483
青蛙们在等待阳光带给它们温暖，

676
00:13:12,870 --> 00:13:16,210
但眞正让它们兴奋的是它们的荷尔蒙，

677
00:13:16,210 --> 00:13:18,630
唱歌并争取它们应有的地位

678
00:13:18,630 --> 00:13:20,308
在水池里。

679
00:13:20,308 --> 00:13:23,058
（青蛙嘎嘎叫）

680
00:13:31,150 --> 00:13:33,260
它们的求偶鸣叫是为了表明

681
00:13:33,260 --> 00:13:36,683
哪一只雄性最大、最强。

682
00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:44,160
它们唱的音符随着

683
00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:46,010
声囊大小

684
00:13:46,010 --> 00:13:47,660
和呼吸的力量。

685
00:13:49,300 --> 00:13:51,870
青蛙透过吹气发出嘎嘎的声音

686
00:13:51,870 --> 00:13:54,170
从肺部传到声带

687
00:13:54,170 --> 00:13:57,203
并透过声带放大振动。

688
00:13:58,970 --> 00:14:01,260
该物种有两层这样的膜

689
00:14:03,300 --> 00:14:06,943
透过使用两个囊袋，可以立体声地嘎嘎叫。

690
00:14:08,140 --> 00:14:10,570
这有助于雌性更好地找到雄性

691
00:14:10,570 --> 00:14:12,313
它最喜欢谁的呼叫。

692
00:14:25,220 --> 00:14:29,250
交配叫声仍然没吸引到一只雌性，

693
00:14:29,250 --> 00:14:31,550
但它却引起了一只刺猬的注意。

694
00:14:34,530 --> 00:14:36,980
它似乎空着肚子醒来

695
00:14:36,980 --> 00:14:38,753
经过漫长的冬眠，

696
00:14:41,900 --> 00:14:45,340
但事实并非如此，刺猬只是口渴了。

697
00:14:45,340 --> 00:14:48,773
它并没有试图捕猎青蛙，所以没有什么好害怕的。

698
00:14:50,010 --> 00:14:52,083
刺猬知道自己太慢了。

699
00:14:53,410 --> 00:14:56,673
太阳使青蛙的腿恢复了生命。

700
00:14:58,059 --> 00:15:01,059
（悬疑音乐）

701
00:15:03,050 --> 00:15:05,370
不过，为了安全起见，

702
00:15:05,370 --> 00:15:07,140
它们让开了路。

703
00:15:07,140 --> 00:15:10,453
当一只青蛙移动时，其它的青蛙也会跟着移动。

704
00:15:13,084 --> 00:15:18,084
（水流呼啸）（戏剧音乐）

705
00:15:22,716 --> 00:15:25,466
（青蛙嘎嘎叫）

706
00:16:34,630 --> 00:16:37,733
半岛内陆地区气温依然寒冷。

707
00:16:38,660 --> 00:16:41,510
树叶还没长出来，

708
00:16:41,510 --> 00:16:44,583
但它们很快就会藏起鸟巢。

709
00:16:45,510 --> 00:16:47,663
啄木鸟也开始唱歌了。

710
00:16:49,490 --> 00:16:51,573
它们的交配叫声相当奇特。

711
00:16:52,740 --> 00:16:54,640
它们啄树干

712
00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:58,273
用强大的喙每秒最多可以啄十二次。

713
00:16:59,617 --> 00:17:02,284
（喙敲击）

714
00:17:03,570 --> 00:17:07,193
年复一年，它们啄同样的干枯的枯树。

715
00:17:08,980 --> 00:17:11,910
之所以选择这些古树，是因为它们能发出回音

716
00:17:11,910 --> 00:17:15,113
遍布森林，像一个巨大的共鸣板。

717
00:17:33,446 --> 00:17:36,196
（激昂的音乐）

718
00:18:09,300 --> 00:18:12,113
几乎每种鸟都在筑巢。

719
00:18:13,010 --> 00:18:15,720
大家都使用一种特殊的技术，

720
00:18:15,720 --> 00:18:19,273
有些则涉及眞正复杂的工程壮举。

721
00:18:21,850 --> 00:18:24,500
鸊鷉筑的巢可以漂浮，

722
00:18:24,500 --> 00:18:26,853
由耐用的水生植物制成。

723
00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:33,170
如果水位上升或下降，

724
00:18:33,170 --> 00:18:35,500
鸟巢也会上升或下降，

725
00:18:35,500 --> 00:18:38,423
在固定在池塘底部的树枝顶部。

726
00:18:40,670 --> 00:18:43,100
这需要精湛的技术

727
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:46,170
这部份是后天本能。

728
00:18:46,170 --> 00:18:48,470
或至少是经验的成果。

729
00:19:17,330 --> 00:19:19,383
结构相当稳定。

730
00:19:20,380 --> 00:19:25,041
似乎为了证明这一点，交配就在这里进行。

731
00:19:25,041 --> 00:19:27,791
（青蛙嘎嘎叫）

732
00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:51,690
巢穴已经支撑住了

733
00:19:51,690 --> 00:19:54,363
这样它们现在就可以进入下一个等级了。

734
00:20:00,941 --> 00:20:01,774
（鸟鸣声）

735
00:20:01,774 --> 00:20:04,810
西班牙白肩雕也在筑巢

736
00:20:04,810 --> 00:20:06,770
每年的这个时候。

737
00:20:06,770 --> 00:20:10,330
这种物种是伊比利半岛独有的，

738
00:20:10,330 --> 00:20:12,113
濒临灭绝。

739
00:20:17,280 --> 00:20:22,280
但现在四百对交配对像似乎有着光明的未来。

740
00:20:22,364 --> 00:20:25,031
（喙敲击）

741
00:20:28,043 --> 00:20:30,793
（鸟儿嘎嘎叫）

742
00:20:35,580 --> 00:20:38,130
白肩鹰

743
00:20:38,130 --> 00:20:41,210
比金雕小一点，

744
00:20:41,210 --> 00:20:44,630
但有些人认为它更美丽，

745
00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:46,900
或许是因为它们的数量太少了。

746
00:21:04,210 --> 00:21:05,440
这只雌性正在等待

747
00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:07,653
让它喜欢的雄性带一份礼物给它。

748
00:21:10,090 --> 00:21:13,050
如果是野兔或其它猎物，

749
00:21:13,050 --> 00:21:15,160
它可能会确认它的选择

750
00:21:15,160 --> 00:21:17,993
因为它证明它可以很好地喂养它们的后代。

751
00:21:44,250 --> 00:21:47,573
正如巢穴因物种而异。

752
00:21:50,552 --> 00:21:52,620
（滑稽的音乐）

753
00:21:52,620 --> 00:21:54,930
婚礼舞蹈也有所不同

754
00:21:54,930 --> 00:21:58,533
提供有关执行该操作的资讯。

755
00:21:59,391 --> 00:22:01,974
（欢快的音乐）

756
00:22:44,480 --> 00:22:48,400
对鸊鷉来说，这样做的目的是模仿其它鸟

757
00:22:48,400 --> 00:22:49,403
像一面镜。

758
00:23:24,135 --> 00:23:26,968
（水呼啸声）

759
00:23:38,890 --> 00:23:41,390
虽然比利牛斯山的雪已经减弱了，

760
00:23:42,260 --> 00:23:45,210
山间湖泊和池塘的水温

761
00:23:45,210 --> 00:23:46,863
温度没有高于冰点太多。

762
00:23:54,938 --> 00:23:57,690
但即便如此，春天还是有蝾螈的

763
00:23:57,690 --> 00:23:59,392
在它们的交配仪式中。

764
00:23:59,392 --> 00:24:01,380
（浪漫音乐）

765
00:24:01,380 --> 00:24:03,790
它们在隆冬时节会做一些事情，

766
00:24:03,790 --> 00:24:05,133
取决于纬度。

767
00:24:06,600 --> 00:24:09,500
当它们处于这种状态时，寒冷对它们没有影响。

768
00:24:11,510 --> 00:24:13,650
在它们交配之前，

769
00:24:13,650 --> 00:24:15,770
它们必须恢复部份失去的脂肪

770
00:24:15,770 --> 00:24:18,060
在它们冬眠的几个月里，

771
00:24:18,060 --> 00:24:19,717
冰层之下冻结。

772
00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:31,800
在佩尼亚拉拉峰下较低的山坡上，

773
00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:35,460
欧亚黑鹰设法生存下来，

774
00:25:35,460 --> 00:25:38,410
尽管必须与兀鹫分享美食，

775
00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:41,133
这使得生活变得十分困难。

776
00:25:45,530 --> 00:25:47,080
春天到了，

777
00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:50,160
鹰巢里已经有雏鸟了

778
00:25:50,160 --> 00:25:51,760
必须向它们提供食物。

779
00:25:53,137 --> 00:25:54,060
（鸟儿尖叫）

780
00:25:54,060 --> 00:25:56,530
成年者必须吃得比平常多

781
00:25:56,530 --> 00:25:58,543
并且会变得非常具有攻击性。

782
00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:05,053
而且这样的鸟还有很多。

783
00:26:22,810 --> 00:26:26,320
尽管它们的体型更大、力量更强，

784
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,070
黑鹰则不那么常见

785
00:26:29,070 --> 00:26:31,203
它们也不会聚在一起进食。

786
00:26:32,210 --> 00:26:35,790
它们的腐尸通常体积小得多，

787
00:26:35,790 --> 00:26:38,263
而它们对一只死野兔却很满意。

788
00:26:39,850 --> 00:26:42,520
因此，它们不习惯分享

789
00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:44,003
或者为了每一口食物而争吵。

790
00:26:45,142 --> 00:26:48,059
（鸟儿尖叫）

791
00:26:54,230 --> 00:26:57,130
这只黑鹰发现了腐尸，

792
00:26:58,710 --> 00:27:00,423
但它却被推到一边。

793
00:27:02,040 --> 00:27:04,623
它对这些拥挤的宴会感到不高兴。

794
00:27:05,970 --> 00:27:09,033
更重要的是，与它的表亲兀鹫不同，

795
00:27:09,910 --> 00:27:13,313
它可以消化动物最坚硬的部份

796
00:27:13,313 --> 00:27:15,073
就像肌腱和皮一样。

797
00:27:19,130 --> 00:27:23,120
黑鹰和兀鹫关系密切，

798
00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:25,863
但它们的数量却截然不同。

799
00:27:28,670 --> 00:27:30,540
在伊比利半岛，

800
00:27:30,540 --> 00:27:33,763
每只黑鹰对应有廿五只狮鹫。

801
00:27:37,320 --> 00:27:39,840
考虑一下黑鹳之间的关系

802
00:27:39,840 --> 00:27:41,530
和白鹳。

803
00:27:41,530 --> 00:27:42,940
春天的像征，

804
00:27:42,940 --> 00:27:45,410
强大的白鹳

805
00:27:45,410 --> 00:27:48,400
已经适应并繁殖得非常好

806
00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:49,833
在西班牙和葡萄牙。

807
00:27:51,616 --> 00:27:54,366
（鸟鸣声）

808
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:57,520
然而，黑鹳是其中之一

809
00:27:57,520 --> 00:28:00,303
欧洲最受威胁的鸟类之一。

810
00:28:06,860 --> 00:28:10,830
百分之九十的黑鹳只在同一个地方交配和筑巢

811
00:28:10,830 --> 00:28:12,577
位于伊比利半岛。

812
00:28:23,550 --> 00:28:26,490
蒙弗拉圭国家公园及其周围地区

813
00:28:26,490 --> 00:28:28,640
在塔霍河畔，

814
00:28:28,640 --> 00:28:30,100
数量正在增强

815
00:28:30,100 --> 00:28:31,947
它的数字一点一点。

816
00:28:33,980 --> 00:28:36,700
新一代鹳已经孵化

817
00:28:36,700 --> 00:28:37,653
或即将。

818
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:42,723
在过去的廿年里，它们的数量增加了一倍。

819
00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:47,330
现在共有五百对交配对像，

820
00:28:47,330 --> 00:28:49,430
但说到白鹳，

821
00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:52,593
目前有超过三万对配偶。

822
00:28:56,569 --> 00:28:59,402
（水呼啸声）

823
00:29:06,130 --> 00:29:09,763
西班牙野山羊从出生那一刻起就能够行走。

824
00:29:15,260 --> 00:29:17,353
即使在这些陡峭的岩石上。

825
00:29:23,370 --> 00:29:26,240
这是其巨大的演化优势

826
00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:28,433
这使得大多数掠食者无法靠近。

827
00:29:37,580 --> 00:29:40,720
无论是在内华达山脉、加索尔拉、格雷多斯

828
00:29:40,720 --> 00:29:42,690
或瓜达拉马山脉，

829
00:29:42,690 --> 00:29:45,937
雄性则向上朝山峰移动。

830
00:29:45,937 --> 00:29:49,020
（悬疑音乐）

831
00:30:03,045 --> 00:30:05,950
它们停下来最后看一眼自己的孩子，

832
00:30:05,950 --> 00:30:09,290
但本能坚持要求它们与雌性分开

833
00:30:09,290 --> 00:30:10,290
和它们的后代。

834
00:30:19,630 --> 00:30:21,840
它们一起过冬，

835
00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:24,390
但一年中剩下的时间都不会见面。

836
00:30:28,930 --> 00:30:30,690
从很小的时候开始，

837
00:30:30,690 --> 00:30:33,943
雄性野山羊已经准备好证明谁是最棒的。

838
00:30:35,690 --> 00:30:39,393
尽管目前这些只是教育游戏。

839
00:30:41,066 --> 00:30:46,066
（鸟鸣声）（喇叭声）

840
00:31:10,787 --> 00:31:13,537
（青蛙嘎嘎叫）

841
00:31:15,190 --> 00:31:16,270
繁殖地，

842
00:31:16,270 --> 00:31:18,440
不同种类的鸟聚集在一起

843
00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:21,650
筑巢是春天的必然组成部份

844
00:31:21,650 --> 00:31:23,163
位于伊比利半岛。

845
00:31:24,780 --> 00:31:27,873
这里适合交配的天气持续的时间并不长。

846
00:31:29,860 --> 00:31:32,200
以及孵化蛋的理想场所

847
00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:34,663
而照顾幼崽的能力非常有限。

848
00:31:37,830 --> 00:31:40,560
许多鸟类在选择时间时一致

849
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:44,093
像这样的地方眞是完美。

850
00:31:46,730 --> 00:31:49,083
这就是为什么它被如此多的情侣选择的原因。

851
00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:54,490
此外，从进化的意义上来说，

852
00:31:54,490 --> 00:31:56,563
这个策略有它的优点。

853
00:31:58,300 --> 00:32:00,350
苍鹭尚未达成协议

854
00:32:00,350 --> 00:32:03,400
与欧亚麻鲽或牛背鹭

855
00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:06,950
但当它们聚集在一起时，数量越多就越安全，

856
00:32:06,950 --> 00:32:08,360
并且它们能够互相警告

857
00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:10,533
在危险即将来临之前。

858
00:32:11,740 --> 00:32:13,820
当然，作为一个群体，

859
00:32:13,820 --> 00:32:15,040
它们可以抵御许多

860
00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:16,983
捕食者正在追踪它们的幼崽。

861
00:32:18,650 --> 00:32:22,500
没有一只狐狸敢靠近这个地方。

862
00:32:22,500 --> 00:32:24,233
最后它会被啄成碎片。

863
00:32:26,150 --> 00:32:28,460
缺点是鸟儿们经常争吵

864
00:32:28,460 --> 00:32:29,510
和它们的邻居

865
00:32:34,150 --> 00:32:37,700
附近的巢穴意味着众多鸟类之间的紧张关系

866
00:32:37,700 --> 00:32:39,233
常常导致打架。

867
00:32:40,460 --> 00:32:42,760
它们通常不会导致严重伤害

868
00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:44,520
在竞争者之间，

869
00:32:44,520 --> 00:32:46,800
尽管它们有能力互相残杀

870
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:50,823
有着巨大的喙。
（鸟儿嘎嘎叫）

871
00:33:15,970 --> 00:33:18,918
有趣的是，唯一的摊牌发生在

872
00:33:18,918 --> 00:33:20,810
不同物种之间，

873
00:33:20,810 --> 00:33:22,750
也就是说与它们自己物种的成员

874
00:33:22,750 --> 00:33:24,793
没争论

875
00:33:32,870 --> 00:33:35,790
对各成员提供的树枝存在分歧

876
00:33:35,790 --> 00:33:37,963
配对没有解决方案。

877
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:41,560
有时棍太长，

878
00:33:41,560 --> 00:33:43,360
这对非苍鹭来说也是显而易见，

879
00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:46,263
但如果它或它坚持。

880
00:34:02,033 --> 00:34:03,870
材料的位置

881
00:34:03,870 --> 00:34:06,300
也是一个微妙的问题，

882
00:34:06,300 --> 00:34:09,233
但雌性的意见通常占上风。

883
00:34:10,600 --> 00:34:13,733
最终，它就是那个坐在蛋上的鸟。

884
00:34:16,470 --> 00:34:17,827
这就是动物。

885
00:34:23,414 --> 00:34:26,164
（平静的音乐）

886
00:34:37,961 --> 00:34:40,070
向北，尽可能向北

887
00:34:40,070 --> 00:34:41,950
伊比利半岛

888
00:34:41,950 --> 00:34:45,370
在海岸线和坎塔布连山脉之间，

889
00:34:45,370 --> 00:34:49,523
我们发现阿斯图里亚斯是西班牙最绿色的地区。

890
00:34:51,350 --> 00:34:55,040
这里的湿度使全年气温温和

891
00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:57,173
几乎涵盖所有地理区域。

892
00:34:59,310 --> 00:35:01,360
该地区多山。

893
00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:04,290
所以在最后几只熊的高海拔地区

894
00:35:04,290 --> 00:35:06,500
在南欧避难，

895
00:35:06,500 --> 00:35:08,894
有时会很冷。

896
00:35:08,894 --> 00:35:11,477
（欢快的音乐）

897
00:35:14,360 --> 00:35:15,583
但今天不行。

898
00:35:17,470 --> 00:35:20,533
一只熊正在进行它第一次春天散步。

899
00:35:23,340 --> 00:35:25,990
跟在它身后的是它的幼崽，

900
00:35:25,990 --> 00:35:28,340
它和它在洞穴里度过了整个冬天。

901
00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:34,890
这种稀有的棕熊亚种正在恢复其数量

902
00:35:34,890 --> 00:35:38,030
在欧洲山脉最高的山峰上

903
00:35:38,030 --> 00:35:41,143
在像索米多和莫尼略斯这样神秘的地方。

904
00:35:42,220 --> 00:35:45,373
还有桑坦德地区的Sachar保护区。

905
00:35:47,510 --> 00:35:50,850
像它这个物种的所有成员一样，这只雌性很害怕

906
00:35:50,850 --> 00:35:55,500
不只对人类如此，对雄性棕熊也是如此，

907
00:35:55,500 --> 00:35:57,470
已知会杀死幼崽

908
00:35:57,470 --> 00:35:59,323
以达到引诱母亲的目的。

909
00:36:01,167 --> 00:36:04,250
（沙沙的脚步声）

910
00:36:12,257 --> 00:36:14,924
（熊的鼻息声）

911
00:36:17,040 --> 00:36:20,325
五月下旬，处处春意盎然。

912
00:36:20,325 --> 00:36:21,410
（蜜蜂嗡嗡叫）

913
00:36:21,410 --> 00:36:23,980
从郁郁葱葱的坎塔布连海岸

914
00:36:23,980 --> 00:36:27,300
到棕榈树和茅草的干燥林地

915
00:36:27,300 --> 00:36:28,633
在阿尔梅里亚和穆尔西亚。

916
00:36:30,062 --> 00:36:33,486
（鸟鸣声）

917
00:36:33,486 --> 00:36:34,319
（昆虫鸣叫）

918
00:36:34,319 --> 00:36:37,050
昆虫负责传播必要的花粉

919
00:36:37,050 --> 00:36:39,270
创造下一代植物

920
00:36:39,270 --> 00:36:40,483
在未来的一年里。

921
00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:47,550
它们也是食物链中的重要部份，

922
00:36:47,550 --> 00:36:49,150
成为富足的一部份

923
00:36:49,150 --> 00:36:53,520
维持所有动物新生后代的生命

924
00:36:53,520 --> 00:36:55,533
以及其它已经成长得更成熟的昆虫。

925
00:36:57,580 --> 00:37:00,643
但昆虫的存在并不只是为了帮助其它生物。

926
00:37:00,643 --> 00:37:02,940
（平静的音乐）

927
00:37:02,940 --> 00:37:05,930
它们有自己的生活，现在是春天

928
00:37:05,930 --> 00:37:08,220
当大多数非常忙碌

929
00:37:08,220 --> 00:37:13,220
它们最重要的任务是，让数量以数十亿的速度成长。

930
00:38:09,970 --> 00:38:12,903
蜘蛛是昆虫的主要消费者。

931
00:38:14,330 --> 00:38:16,170
它们的生态劳动包括

932
00:38:16,170 --> 00:38:18,120
保持其表亲的数量，

933
00:38:18,120 --> 00:38:19,763
节肢动物受到控制。

934
00:38:20,730 --> 00:38:23,450
否则它们就会疯狂繁殖，

935
00:38:23,450 --> 00:38:25,723
吞噬其路上的一切。

936
00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:39,050
比利牛斯山的雌性蝾螈

937
00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:41,403
终于准备好生蛋了。

938
00:38:45,090 --> 00:38:47,390
很有趣的是

939
00:38:47,390 --> 00:38:50,080
挑选每一片树叶，

940
00:38:50,080 --> 00:38:52,650
仔细地看着它，仿佛

941
00:38:52,650 --> 00:38:54,690
完全不同，

942
00:38:54,690 --> 00:38:57,443
因为有些是値得的，有些则不是。

943
00:39:05,810 --> 00:39:08,160
当它们最终做出决定时，

944
00:39:08,160 --> 00:39:12,310
在选定的树叶的杯状物中生下一个蛋

945
00:39:12,310 --> 00:39:16,663
然后将脚趾交叉放在上面，轻轻挤压。

946
00:39:22,867 --> 00:39:25,617
（平静的音乐）

947
00:39:35,340 --> 00:39:38,470
它等了几分钟，让无害的黏合剂分泌出来

948
00:39:38,470 --> 00:39:39,913
由蛋扎根。

949
00:39:42,830 --> 00:39:45,280
这使得它能够封住树叶

950
00:39:45,280 --> 00:39:47,573
并将蛋隐藏起来以免被掠食者发现。

951
00:39:54,410 --> 00:39:58,263
这又是一次保持基因库强大的机会。

952
00:40:10,827 --> 00:40:13,963
伊比利半岛上已没有多少未孵化的蛋了。

953
00:40:13,963 --> 00:40:16,713
（鸭嘎嘎叫）

954
00:40:21,880 --> 00:40:25,690
小鸭们已经开始蹒跚地追着妈妈了，

955
00:40:25,690 --> 00:40:27,723
但鸊鷉仍在等待。

956
00:40:29,210 --> 00:40:31,033
它们总是最后一个。

957
00:40:33,340 --> 00:40:35,350
母亲似乎不耐烦了，

958
00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:37,363
但预产期还没到。

959
00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:41,643
这个鸟巢经受住了水和时间的侵蚀。

960
00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:49,250
穿着有点糟糕，

961
00:40:50,180 --> 00:40:52,380
但它不必持续太久。

962
00:41:12,352 --> 00:41:15,150
小鸊鷉是鸊鷉的直系亲属，

963
00:41:15,150 --> 00:41:17,330
孵化得更早一些，

964
00:41:17,330 --> 00:41:20,793
但它照顾幼鸟的方式却一模一样。

965
00:41:22,180 --> 00:41:24,430
它们背着孩子

966
00:41:24,430 --> 00:41:25,853
在它们的羽毛之中。

967
00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:29,963
两只幼崽。

968
00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:35,634
成年者在最初的几周内会捕猎它们。

969
00:41:35,634 --> 00:41:37,400
（水呼啸声）

970
00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:39,650
它们一次又一次地潜水，

971
00:41:39,650 --> 00:41:42,383
寻找无穷无尽的微小猎物。

972
00:41:43,320 --> 00:41:46,600
它们付出巨大努力却収获甚微，

973
00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,023
但只有这种大小的鱼才适合小鸟的小嘴。

974
00:41:51,830 --> 00:41:54,523
该策略还能保护新生儿。

975
00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:58,190
没有多少捕食者能够

976
00:41:58,190 --> 00:42:00,593
分别辨识父母和雏鸟。

977
00:42:03,950 --> 00:42:05,670
相比之下，它非常高效

978
00:42:05,670 --> 00:42:08,293
到鸭使用的单一系统。

979
00:42:09,640 --> 00:42:11,780
爸爸妈妈齐心协力，

980
00:42:11,780 --> 00:42:13,923
轮流喂食和休息。

981
00:42:15,740 --> 00:42:18,180
这是一项非常辛苦的工作，

982
00:42:18,180 --> 00:42:19,660
但今天幼崽们

983
00:42:19,660 --> 00:42:22,053
学习独立后的第一课。

984
00:42:29,380 --> 00:42:33,030
它们第一次在水中进食

985
00:42:33,030 --> 00:42:34,830
而不是依靠父母的帮助。

986
00:42:44,000 --> 00:42:48,963
今天早上的课是最难的课之一，沉浸式的。

987
00:42:55,820 --> 00:42:57,870
夏天马上就到了，

988
00:42:57,870 --> 00:43:00,743
在它到来之前还有很多技能需要学习。

989
00:43:09,950 --> 00:43:11,090
春天，

990
00:43:11,090 --> 00:43:13,440
所有新生物都必须准备好应对

991
00:43:13,440 --> 00:43:16,200
天气突然变化，

992
00:43:16,200 --> 00:43:19,353
尤其是当赛季持续时间比预期的要长时。

993
00:43:20,418 --> 00:43:23,168
（平静的音乐）

994
00:43:29,750 --> 00:43:32,160
如果春天很快就结束，

995
00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:35,320
水资源短缺将更加严重

996
00:43:35,320 --> 00:43:37,803
许多水池将会很快干涸。

997
00:43:39,310 --> 00:43:41,470
如果持续时间比平常长，

998
00:43:41,470 --> 00:43:44,540
一开始可能会有更多的后代存活下来，

999
00:43:44,540 --> 00:43:48,283
但随着它们的成长，富足将变成匮乏。

1000
00:43:51,450 --> 00:43:54,120
大自然往往会平衡数字

1001
00:43:55,030 --> 00:43:58,070
它的策略总是基于这一事实

1002
00:43:58,070 --> 00:44:02,143
大量年轻者死亡，只为让少数得以生存。

1003
00:44:11,770 --> 00:44:15,210
伊比利亚猞猁幼崽现在可以在南半部看到

1004
00:44:15,210 --> 00:44:16,503
伊比利半岛。

1005
00:44:19,460 --> 00:44:22,280
这是资源丰富的标志，

1006
00:44:22,280 --> 00:44:24,723
包括野兔和开放空间。

1007
00:44:37,110 --> 00:44:41,113
也许人类已经帮助了这个过程，现在是时候了。

1008
00:44:43,530 --> 00:44:46,290
世界上最濒危的猫科动物似乎

1009
00:44:46,290 --> 00:44:48,843
享受它自己的春天时光。

1010
00:44:52,130 --> 00:44:54,030
但这只是个开始

1011
00:44:54,030 --> 00:44:55,230
物种恢复

1012
00:44:57,060 --> 00:44:59,683
夏天也可能会带来新的问题。

1013
00:45:25,120 --> 00:45:28,400
一只欧亚蓝山雀带着食物回来了

1014
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:30,863
发现它的幼崽已经飞出巢了。

1015
00:45:33,200 --> 00:45:34,823
夏天到了，

1016
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:39,573
面临诸多挑战。

1017
00:45:43,790 --> 00:45:46,713
甚至连蚂蚁都挤在自己的蚁丘里。

1018
00:45:47,610 --> 00:45:51,193
它们中的一些将战争视为它们唯一的生存机会。

1019
00:45:52,264 --> 00:45:55,014
（激昂的音乐）

1020
00:46:31,490 --> 00:46:34,683
今天是六月廿一日，夏季。

1021
00:46:35,570 --> 00:46:36,423
很热。

1022
00:46:37,570 --> 00:46:41,023
没有水，情况每天都会变得更糟。

1023
00:46:48,550 --> 00:46:51,270
对某些生物来说，条件非常艰苦

1024
00:46:51,270 --> 00:46:53,383
它们必须躱避阳光，

1025
00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:58,580
但对于春天出生的幼鸟来说，

1026
00:46:58,580 --> 00:47:00,521
这是属于它们的时刻。

1027
00:47:00,521 --> 00:47:01,354
（鸟儿嘎嘎叫）

1028
00:47:01,354 --> 00:47:03,720
成长和学习的时刻已经来临。

1029
00:47:03,720 --> 00:47:05,273
现在是关键时刻。

1030
00:47:07,820 --> 00:47:11,523
生命聚集在少数并非完全干燥的地方。

1031
00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:15,570
大多数活动发生在短暂的夜晚

1032
00:47:15,570 --> 00:47:17,620
因为气温要低得多。

1033
00:47:20,420 --> 00:47:24,143
正午时分，没有生物能抗拒躱进阴凉处。

1034
00:47:25,460 --> 00:47:27,580
这只是循环的一部份。

1035
00:47:27,580 --> 00:47:30,210
热的部份，允许的部份

1036
00:47:30,210 --> 00:47:32,333
只有最强大才能坚持下去。

1037
00:47:33,470 --> 00:47:35,540
蝙蝠现在正在分娩，

1038
00:47:35,540 --> 00:47:37,210
当蚊子孵化的时候，

1039
00:47:37,210 --> 00:47:39,160
当蝎子们打架的时候，

1040
00:47:39,160 --> 00:47:42,870
黑鹰必须抛弃它宁静的巢穴。

1041
00:47:42,870 --> 00:47:45,620
（激昂的音乐）

1042
00:47:52,103 --> 00:47:54,686
（欢快的音乐）