1
00:00:12,212 --> 00:00:12,234


2
00:00:12,246 --> 00:00:12,302


3
00:00:12,312 --> 00:00:12,334


4
00:00:12,346 --> 00:00:18,808


5
00:00:21,256 --> 00:00:25,488
加拿大腹地拥有丰富的自然地貌

6
00:00:27,295 --> 00:00:28,762
有广裹的森林

7
00:00:29,197 --> 00:00:31,290
连绵不绝的草地

8
00:00:31,666 --> 00:00:34,032
不计其数的湖泊

9
00:00:37,138 --> 00:00:40,733
还有举世瞩目的野生动物

10
00:00:57,325 --> 00:01:01,694
对17世纪来这儿的欧洲探险家来说

11
00:01:01,963 --> 00:01:04,158
北方森林和大草原

12
00:01:04,399 --> 00:01:07,232
仿若原始的偏僻荒原

13
00:01:14,275 --> 00:01:19,542
但加拿大腹地的故事充满了惊喜

14
00:01:28,021 --> 00:01:28,043


15
00:01:28,055 --> 00:01:28,077


16
00:01:28,088 --> 00:01:28,110


17
00:01:28,121 --> 00:01:28,143


18
00:01:28,155 --> 00:01:28,416


19
00:01:28,422 --> 00:01:28,444
第三集

20
00:01:28,455 --> 00:01:29,444


21
00:01:29,456 --> 00:01:29,478


22
00:01:29,489 --> 00:01:29,511


23
00:01:29,523 --> 00:01:29,545


24
00:01:29,556 --> 00:01:29,578


25
00:01:29,590 --> 00:01:29,612


26
00:01:29,623 --> 00:01:29,645


27
00:01:29,656 --> 00:01:29,678


28
00:01:29,690 --> 00:01:31,851


29
00:01:31,858 --> 00:01:31,880


30
00:01:31,892 --> 00:01:31,914


31
00:01:31,925 --> 00:01:31,947


32
00:01:32,727 --> 00:01:36,356
在三月末的萨斯喀彻温省南部的草原

33
00:01:36,631 --> 00:01:41,193
草原上最惊人的表演已悄然揭幕

34
00:01:43,237 --> 00:01:46,570
公尖尾松鸡涨起它的尾巴

35
00:01:47,842 --> 00:01:51,778
赶在母鸡到来前争夺领导席位

36
00:01:59,621 --> 00:02:02,681
其实它们在斗舞

37
00:02:10,031 --> 00:02:13,558
顶级的舞者能抢夺有利位置

38
00:02:13,701 --> 00:02:17,102
和最能吸引母鸡眼球的位置

39
00:02:40,995 --> 00:02:44,624
它们年复一年在一个地方跳舞

40
00:02:44,899 --> 00:02:46,423
这是它们的地盘

41
00:02:46,534 --> 00:02:49,298
草原上人人皆知

42
00:02:53,408 --> 00:02:55,000
几千年来

43
00:02:55,209 --> 00:02:58,474
人与动物在这裹和谐相处

44
00:02:59,747 --> 00:03:02,011
黑足族人

45
00:03:02,283 --> 00:03:04,478
跳着它们的传统舞蹈

46
00:03:04,552 --> 00:03:06,986
正是松鸡的滑稽动作

47
00:03:07,088 --> 00:03:08,851
给予他们灵感

48
00:03:14,629 --> 00:03:17,427
早在欧洲人抵达加拿大之前

49
00:03:17,598 --> 00:03:20,089
他们是这儿的最早的文明

50
00:03:20,134 --> 00:03:21,897
对这片土地和野生动物的深刻了解

51
00:03:21,936 --> 00:03:23,961
是它们的立足之本

52
00:03:33,014 --> 00:03:37,917
他们也在学着改变生活的环境

53
00:03:47,395 --> 00:03:51,422
一六九一年英国探险家亨利·凯西

54
00:03:51,532 --> 00:03:53,261
是最早来到加拿大南部的

55
00:03:53,468 --> 00:03:55,333
那批欧洲人

56
00:03:55,536 --> 00:03:58,869
并一睹了大草原壮观的景色

57
00:04:00,441 --> 00:04:02,204
来自阿西尼波河的同伴

58
00:04:02,410 --> 00:04:06,870
告诉他大草原是富饶的猎场

59
00:04:09,751 --> 00:04:12,015
但毫无准备的他们

60
00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:14,486
也只是见证了大草原壮观

61
00:04:27,335 --> 00:04:31,704
超过四百万头美洲野牛

62
00:04:43,885 --> 00:04:46,649
野牛体型庞大雄壮有力

63
00:04:46,988 --> 00:04:48,785
天性好斗

64
00:05:13,147 --> 00:05:15,047
凯西来的时候

65
00:05:15,283 --> 00:05:16,648
大草原的范围

66
00:05:16,684 --> 00:05:19,812
从墨西哥中心绵延经过美国

67
00:05:19,854 --> 00:05:21,412
至加拿大南部

68
00:05:21,823 --> 00:05:23,848
东起尼伯湖东

69
00:05:24,025 --> 00:05:26,186
西至落基山脉西

70
00:05:27,495 --> 00:05:30,862
这片草地养育了众多生命

71
00:05:33,301 --> 00:05:34,427
但是其中有一种动物

72
00:05:34,502 --> 00:05:37,665
像是为这片闲阔草原而生

73
00:05:38,339 --> 00:05:40,466
叉角羚

74
00:05:53,754 --> 00:05:57,485
最高时速可达一百公里

75
00:05:58,326 --> 00:06:02,023
叉角羚羊是地球上跑得最快的有蹄动物

76
00:06:18,112 --> 00:06:19,545
凯西在此期闲

77
00:06:19,647 --> 00:06:23,606
大平原上至少有两千万只叉角羚

78
00:06:37,331 --> 00:06:40,198
对最早的欧洲探险者来说

79
00:06:40,301 --> 00:06:42,769
这是片原始未经开垦的土地

80
00:06:44,105 --> 00:06:45,402
他们错了

81
00:06:48,442 --> 00:06:51,411
大草原最早的民族是娴熟的猎人

82
00:06:53,915 --> 00:06:56,042
而且在数千年的时闲内

83
00:06:56,083 --> 00:06:57,675
它们已经用一种有力的工具

84
00:06:58,085 --> 00:07:00,144
改变了这边土地

85
00:07:06,193 --> 00:07:07,387
火焰

86
00:07:11,132 --> 00:07:12,793
火烧掉小树

87
00:07:12,900 --> 00:07:15,300
只留下草根

88
00:07:15,870 --> 00:07:18,304
小心地纵火让草原上树木

89
00:07:18,472 --> 00:07:20,940
没有大范围的扩散保持草原的开阔

90
00:07:23,477 --> 00:07:26,446
相比于树这些人更喜欢草

91
00:07:26,847 --> 00:07:29,873
因为它们猎杀的动物都是食草的

92
00:07:43,664 --> 00:07:46,895
火烧掉动物尸体和老死的草

93
00:07:53,140 --> 00:07:57,736
灰烬给土地增加养分到了第二年

94
00:07:58,179 --> 00:08:00,511
新长出的草将会更加茂盛

95
00:08:00,581 --> 00:08:02,549
吸引那些食草动物

96
00:08:11,092 --> 00:08:14,926
野牛也帮助保护滋养草地

97
00:08:19,266 --> 00:08:22,201
它们的粪便成为草地的养料

98
00:08:23,337 --> 00:08:25,669
它们的牛蹄翻动草地

99
00:08:25,740 --> 00:08:28,231
让各种各样的植物得以生长

100
00:08:31,612 --> 00:08:34,911
草野牛和人的相互作用

101
00:08:35,182 --> 00:08:37,616
欧洲人来之前很久让这片草原

102
00:08:37,818 --> 00:08:41,049
构成了一个富饶稳定的环境

103
00:08:44,091 --> 00:08:46,582
还有另一个很重要的元素

104
00:08:46,794 --> 00:08:49,228
影响着草原

105
00:08:51,899 --> 00:08:53,161
狼

106
00:08:56,971 --> 00:09:00,236
在维护野牛和草原的平衡中闲

107
00:09:00,341 --> 00:09:02,309
狼扮演着重要角色

108
00:09:04,211 --> 00:09:06,042
驱使野牛不断迁徙

109
00:09:09,450 --> 00:09:12,749
保护草地不被过度啃食

110
00:09:22,263 --> 00:09:24,731
人们和狼共生

111
00:09:25,633 --> 00:09:27,931
了解它们的猎食方式

112
00:09:39,113 --> 00:09:41,741
它们知道有幼崽的野牛

113
00:09:41,982 --> 00:09:45,110
大多时候不会全速奔跑而是站着

114
00:09:55,629 --> 00:09:58,564
一旦成年野牛和狼对峙

115
00:09:58,732 --> 00:10:00,563
狼不会冒着受伤的危险

116
00:10:00,835 --> 00:10:04,134
进入角蹄的攻击范围

117
00:10:30,397 --> 00:10:32,888
但有些狼

118
00:10:33,167 --> 00:10:34,498
并不是狼

119
00:10:46,914 --> 00:10:50,350
披着狼皮模仿狼的动作

120
00:10:50,918 --> 00:10:52,613
可以让猎人接近到

121
00:10:52,653 --> 00:10:55,281
离目标只有几米远的地方

122
00:11:00,661 --> 00:11:03,721
受到欺骗后野牛惊慌逃窜

123
00:11:03,831 --> 00:11:06,026
被驱赶向一个明确的方向

124
00:11:09,403 --> 00:11:10,631
它们全速前进

125
00:11:10,905 --> 00:11:13,738
野牛没法急刹车

126
00:11:28,255 --> 00:11:31,053
这个悬崖名叫野牛瀑布

127
00:11:31,192 --> 00:11:32,682
在一千年左右的时闲裹

128
00:11:32,726 --> 00:11:34,921
被草原上的猎人很偶尔地使用

129
00:11:36,463 --> 00:11:39,899
小小的一个悬崖
可以大规模的坑杀野牛

130
00:11:41,702 --> 00:11:43,567
但是欧洲人

131
00:11:43,804 --> 00:11:45,738
终止了这片草原上

132
00:11:45,773 --> 00:11:47,172
这种坑杀野牛的活动

133
00:11:51,312 --> 00:11:52,404
现在

134
00:11:52,580 --> 00:11:55,777
这片草原的土著居民少了很多

135
00:11:55,916 --> 00:11:58,111
像黑尾土拨鼠

136
00:11:58,619 --> 00:12:02,077
它们把自己的家建在草地下面

137
00:12:05,759 --> 00:12:09,160
黑尾土拨鼠大规模的群居

138
00:12:09,463 --> 00:12:11,328
它们建造数以千计的洞穴

139
00:12:13,367 --> 00:12:16,427
所有入口都被小心地隐藏起来

140
00:12:16,503 --> 00:12:18,733
火山口状的土堆

141
00:12:20,241 --> 00:12:23,210
成年土拨鼠互相提醒

142
00:12:23,310 --> 00:12:24,743
放哨

143
00:12:33,287 --> 00:12:36,279
这只一岁大的幼崽已经可以出去探险了

144
00:12:36,690 --> 00:12:38,317
但它们从不离闲

145
00:12:38,492 --> 00:12:40,255
它们洞穴的安全范围

146
00:13:09,623 --> 00:13:12,683
盛夏来临不同的两种幼崽

147
00:13:12,726 --> 00:13:15,160
已经准备好了它们的第一次亮相

148
00:13:22,202 --> 00:13:25,694
穴鴞幼鸟在地底孵化

149
00:13:28,042 --> 00:13:29,703
不借助树木

150
00:13:30,144 --> 00:13:34,080
空的草原土拨鼠洞穴是完美的巢穴选择

151
00:13:36,383 --> 00:13:40,114
这些穴鴞可不知道有借有还

152
00:13:42,423 --> 00:13:44,288
父母出现的时候

153
00:13:44,425 --> 00:13:47,622
它们像狼一样聚集起来

154
00:13:56,370 --> 00:13:58,167
小鸟长得很快

155
00:13:58,305 --> 00:14:01,103
它们的胃深不见底

156
00:14:31,338 --> 00:14:33,533
在平坦的地面上

157
00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:35,608
土拨鼠的土堆

158
00:14:35,676 --> 00:14:38,167
给予了它们开阔的视野

159
00:14:41,482 --> 00:14:44,007
帮助它们发现高度下的任何危险

160
00:14:54,495 --> 00:14:56,759
丛林狼知道它已经被发现

161
00:14:57,064 --> 00:14:58,861
随即走闲了

162
00:15:04,171 --> 00:15:07,163
小鸟利用午后的微风

163
00:15:07,508 --> 00:15:08,941
练习飞行

164
00:15:21,355 --> 00:15:23,016
几个月后

165
00:15:23,123 --> 00:15:25,182
这些小鸟就都会羽翼丰满

166
00:15:25,492 --> 00:15:27,687
然后一大家子会搬去南方

167
00:15:42,209 --> 00:15:45,372
当我们把大草原当做一片大草地的时候

168
00:15:45,913 --> 00:15:48,108
其实还有另一种

169
00:15:48,382 --> 00:15:51,249
面积不大但是对野生动物很重要的地形

170
00:15:54,822 --> 00:15:58,690
加拿大的腹地点缀着数不清的湖泊

171
00:16:00,294 --> 00:16:02,922
这些湖泊可以追溯到几千年前

172
00:16:03,230 --> 00:16:04,993
冰河世纪的冰川

173
00:16:07,768 --> 00:16:11,397
有些统计显示湖泊的数量超过一千万

174
00:16:11,872 --> 00:16:14,432
这儿的湖比人可多多了

175
00:16:17,344 --> 00:16:19,778
对从北极长途南迁

176
00:16:20,113 --> 00:16:22,638
归来筑巢的水禽来说

177
00:16:22,916 --> 00:16:25,214
这是至关重要的水资源

178
00:16:28,222 --> 00:16:29,985
萨斯喀彻温省的鹅毛湖

179
00:16:30,090 --> 00:16:32,923
成千上万的雪雁降落在这裹

180
00:16:33,627 --> 00:16:36,994
找地方歇脚补充给养

181
00:16:49,977 --> 00:16:54,038
吃饱暍足之后它们就得再次上路了

182
00:17:44,131 --> 00:17:47,464
几周内这些湖泊就会结冰

183
00:17:49,703 --> 00:17:52,331
成群结队的野鸭和雪雁

184
00:17:52,539 --> 00:17:54,439
会去遥远的南方

185
00:18:01,315 --> 00:18:04,148
冬季早早地降临加拿大腹地

186
00:18:09,423 --> 00:18:12,586
十月底初霜降临

187
00:18:51,999 --> 00:18:53,227
大草原北部

188
00:18:53,266 --> 00:18:56,724
北方的针叶树木森林带

189
00:18:57,004 --> 00:18:59,734
横跨整个加拿大

190
00:19:00,741 --> 00:19:01,833
这是全世界

191
00:19:01,908 --> 00:19:05,435
现有的最大的原始森林

192
00:19:07,714 --> 00:19:11,047
雪给森林带来了魔力

193
00:19:49,556 --> 00:19:52,423
第一场雪让森林变得美丽

194
00:19:52,926 --> 00:19:54,951
但对于森林裹的动物来说

195
00:19:55,228 --> 00:19:57,128
这也是艰困时期的开始

196
00:19:58,832 --> 00:20:00,299
在亚伯达省中部

197
00:20:00,500 --> 00:20:01,831
一头麋鹿和它的孩子

198
00:20:01,902 --> 00:20:05,303
冒险来到雪地觅食

199
00:20:08,241 --> 00:20:09,572
在条件艰苦的时候

200
00:20:09,976 --> 00:20:15,175
对麋鹿来说这些柳条决定生死

201
00:20:20,253 --> 00:20:24,587
隆冬时节温度降至一40C以下

202
00:20:28,762 --> 00:20:29,990
在冻结的湖泊上

203
00:20:30,230 --> 00:20:32,664
一头鹿在酷寒中陨命

204
00:20:33,500 --> 00:20:34,865
残破的身区体

205
00:20:35,001 --> 00:20:36,593
显示它是在夜裹

206
00:20:36,636 --> 00:20:38,934
被一个体型巨大的捕食者所杀

207
00:20:41,108 --> 00:20:42,666
天色破晓

208
00:20:43,043 --> 00:20:45,034
灰松牙鸟呜金收兵

209
00:20:45,212 --> 00:20:47,942
让位给更强大的食腐动物

210
00:20:55,856 --> 00:20:58,689
为了冬日盛宴的进食先后

211
00:20:58,892 --> 00:21:00,484
乌鸦争吵不休

212
00:21:04,397 --> 00:21:07,696
但是显然它们无从下口

213
00:21:08,168 --> 00:21:10,068
那么谁来扮演屠夫的角色？

214
00:21:14,608 --> 00:21:16,269
狼权

215
00:21:26,419 --> 00:21:30,287
拥有强壮的肌肉耐寒的皮毛

216
00:21:30,290 --> 00:21:32,349
和雪鞋般的巨大脚掌

217
00:21:33,126 --> 00:21:35,651
狼獾能在广裹的冰天雪地中

218
00:21:35,729 --> 00:21:38,562
四处寻找食物

219
00:21:45,005 --> 00:21:46,802
在一米之外

220
00:21:47,007 --> 00:21:49,805
狼獾看起来像是一头小熊

221
00:21:50,110 --> 00:21:53,375
但其实它属于鼠由鼠家族

222
00:22:00,921 --> 00:22:01,979
它踪迹难寻

223
00:22:02,122 --> 00:22:05,455
这是北美洲记录中首次拍摄到

224
00:22:05,692 --> 00:22:07,717
野生狼权的影像

225
00:22:17,771 --> 00:22:21,036
我们依然对狼权知之甚少

226
00:22:22,642 --> 00:22:24,405
它是独行猎手

227
00:22:24,511 --> 00:22:27,036
也是高明的食腐动物

228
00:22:28,215 --> 00:22:30,376
它强有力大口

229
00:22:30,550 --> 00:22:34,008
即便是极度冷冻的尸体也能撕碎

230
00:22:54,741 --> 00:22:58,040
狼獾把找到的兽尸收藏起来

231
00:22:58,812 --> 00:23:00,837
回头再吃

232
00:23:06,386 --> 00:23:09,685
对森林裹的食腐动物来说

233
00:23:09,823 --> 00:23:12,018
这样的尸体是难得的宝藏

234
00:23:14,861 --> 00:23:17,125
当天气变得更加恶劣

235
00:23:17,397 --> 00:23:20,093
饥饿的乌鸦试图寻找最后的美餐

236
00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:21,699
来填饱它们的肚子

237
00:23:28,041 --> 00:23:29,668
但在几小时内

238
00:23:29,809 --> 00:23:32,437
鹿尸体完全掩埋在大雪之下

239
00:23:40,153 --> 00:23:44,089
不久后一只年轻的母狼权来了

240
00:23:44,624 --> 00:23:46,057
它是不知道

241
00:23:46,092 --> 00:23:48,993
雪地下掩埋着一具尸体的

242
00:23:50,430 --> 00:23:53,058
但是它的感官异常灵敏

243
00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:23,222
能通过某些方法

244
00:24:23,263 --> 00:24:25,891
嗅到冻肉的微弱气味

245
00:24:29,903 --> 00:24:32,895
即使埋在一米深的雪下也不例外

246
00:24:34,174 --> 00:24:36,074
在这场生存的竞赛中

247
00:24:36,476 --> 00:24:39,172
狼獾靠鼻子取得了胜利

248
00:24:50,123 --> 00:24:52,182
北方森林裹的其它生物

249
00:24:52,492 --> 00:24:55,757
有不同的方法度过寒冬

250
00:25:00,300 --> 00:25:01,528
在北魁比克省，

251
00:25:01,601 --> 00:25:04,092
在隔热的积雪掩埋下

252
00:25:04,337 --> 00:25:05,895
是海狸的巢穴

253
00:25:07,474 --> 00:25:10,568
占据舒适巢穴的麝鼠制造的蒸汽

254
00:25:11,111 --> 00:25:14,171
不断从地下冒出

255
00:25:18,718 --> 00:25:20,811
麝鼠长得像海狸

256
00:25:21,087 --> 00:25:23,385
但体型更小尾巴更细

257
00:25:29,362 --> 00:25:31,523
麝鼠鸠占鹊巢

258
00:25:31,965 --> 00:25:33,398
享受着温暖

259
00:25:33,466 --> 00:25:36,367
而此刻主人正在外面奔波觅食

260
00:25:51,418 --> 00:25:53,113
海狸是食草动物

261
00:25:53,420 --> 00:25:56,480
它们吃叶子细枝和树皮

262
00:25:56,856 --> 00:25:58,380
在条件艰苦的时候

263
00:25:58,591 --> 00:26:02,322
海狸能依靠尾巴中储存的脂肪维生

264
00:26:09,102 --> 00:26:11,297
麝鼠跟海狸有类似的饮食习惯

265
00:26:23,950 --> 00:26:26,851
海狸把柳树和山杨不断存入

266
00:26:26,853 --> 00:26:28,718
水下的储物室

267
00:26:28,955 --> 00:26:31,651
这样在寒冬冰封之下也安然无恙

268
00:26:31,858 --> 00:26:34,258
不用外出觅食

269
00:26:42,202 --> 00:26:45,035
直到拍摄这段视频的时候

270
00:26:45,171 --> 00:26:47,366
麝鼠这个不速之客

271
00:26:47,707 --> 00:26:51,268
一直呆在海狸的家裹白吃白住

272
00:26:53,813 --> 00:26:56,281
但是能很清楚的看到

273
00:26:56,416 --> 00:26:58,884
麝鼠用泥土修补墙壁

274
00:26:59,252 --> 00:27:02,483
为它自己的保暖工作出力

275
00:27:04,124 --> 00:27:07,059
或许该给这只勤奋的麝鼠

276
00:27:07,227 --> 00:27:08,626
一些赞美

277
00:27:11,331 --> 00:27:13,595
这是首次发现麝鼠

278
00:27:13,766 --> 00:27:17,065
帮助海狸修筑巢穴的影像记录

279
00:27:29,115 --> 00:27:30,082
与此同时

280
00:27:30,150 --> 00:27:33,381
小窝外面的冰天雪地

281
00:27:33,620 --> 00:27:35,383
也发生着改变

282
00:27:42,529 --> 00:27:44,292
加拿大北方森林

283
00:27:44,564 --> 00:27:48,364
拥有世上最密集的湖泊湿地

284
00:27:48,501 --> 00:27:50,765
无水坝河川

285
00:28:03,550 --> 00:28:05,074
冬天结束的时候

286
00:28:05,351 --> 00:28:08,684
广裹的北方湿地重获新生

287
00:28:12,959 --> 00:28:15,189
一对北美鷿鷈

288
00:28:21,668 --> 00:28:24,193
这场华丽的水上舞蹈

289
00:28:24,370 --> 00:28:26,235
是它们的求偶表演

290
00:28:48,995 --> 00:28:50,724
春天对许多湿地生物来说

291
00:28:50,730 --> 00:28:52,595
是个忙碌的季节

292
00:28:54,434 --> 00:28:57,062
海狸也不例外

293
00:29:01,107 --> 00:29:03,234
它们的窝现在变成了

294
00:29:03,843 --> 00:29:05,834
被浅水包围的小岛

295
00:29:09,616 --> 00:29:13,177
海狸在小溪筑坝修建的这片浅滩

296
00:29:15,221 --> 00:29:17,655
它们必须不时地修补堤坝

297
00:29:17,890 --> 00:29:20,017
确保它不漏水

298
00:29:28,334 --> 00:29:29,665
要是发现渗漏

299
00:29:30,069 --> 00:29:32,264
它们会迅速修补好

300
00:29:45,551 --> 00:29:48,645
海狸是世界上最大型的啮齿类之一

301
00:29:48,855 --> 00:29:51,653
它们利用了力量上的优势

302
00:30:27,260 --> 00:30:31,128
这些杂务要消耗大量体能

303
00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:43,807
海狸的食物卡路里含量很低

304
00:30:44,110 --> 00:30:47,307
所以它们需要花费大量的时闲进食

305
00:30:52,051 --> 00:30:53,985
要修补好堤坝

306
00:30:54,153 --> 00:30:58,021
得在原木的缝隙中塞进泥土和杂草

307
00:31:07,033 --> 00:31:10,332
海狸的堤坝可能绵延百米

308
00:31:11,471 --> 00:31:14,963
海狸夫妇有很多维修工作要做

309
00:31:24,183 --> 00:31:27,641
海狸的池塘为水禽提供了栖息地

310
00:31:28,921 --> 00:31:30,946
例如这对环颈鸭

311
00:31:36,262 --> 00:31:38,321
春心萌动

312
00:31:38,865 --> 00:31:40,662
雄红翅黑丽乌

313
00:31:40,800 --> 00:31:43,530
用歌声宣告领地的所有权

314
00:31:49,742 --> 00:31:53,269
一只加拿大黑雁在海狸的屋顶筑了巢

315
00:31:54,847 --> 00:31:56,246
它的蛋很安全

316
00:31:56,516 --> 00:31:57,949
但现在已经孵化了

317
00:31:58,184 --> 00:31:59,446
它需要转移阵地

318
00:31:59,519 --> 00:32:01,919
教小家伙们如何捕食

319
00:32:03,656 --> 00:32:06,819
但是水边有只动物进入了它的视野

320
00:32:14,767 --> 00:32:16,962
黑雁随即发出警报

321
00:32:17,270 --> 00:32:18,965
海狸的尾巴拍水

322
00:32:19,038 --> 00:32:21,632
警告池塘裹的其他居民

323
00:32:25,311 --> 00:32:26,608
在水边

324
00:32:26,846 --> 00:32:29,713
一只赤颈鷿鷈离开巢穴

325
00:32:30,016 --> 00:32:33,315
如果需要的话它能一直呆在水中

326
00:32:40,793 --> 00:32:42,658
即使伪装已经暴露

327
00:32:42,962 --> 00:32:45,658
狼看起来还不想放弃

328
00:32:45,798 --> 00:32:47,493
它的猎鸭美梦

329
00:32:52,972 --> 00:32:54,735
如果大的搞不定

330
00:32:55,107 --> 00:32:57,439
狼通常会选择猎捕较小的动物

331
00:33:02,014 --> 00:33:04,983
但是在这样的深水中一切只是徒劳

332
00:33:06,586 --> 00:33:08,850
很快狼放弃了追逐

333
00:33:21,033 --> 00:33:22,591
狼一走开

334
00:33:23,069 --> 00:33:25,435
这儿的一切恢复了正常

335
00:33:34,947 --> 00:33:38,542
赤颈鷿鷈回来继续孵蛋

336
00:33:47,927 --> 00:33:50,828
等它的配偶带回一些蕴草

337
00:33:56,903 --> 00:34:00,498
现在黑雁已经能带着孩子去觅食了

338
00:34:08,614 --> 00:34:10,514
海狸功不可没

339
00:34:10,816 --> 00:34:14,479
加拿大北部森林即是蓝色森林

340
00:34:14,687 --> 00:34:16,086
也是绿色的

341
00:34:26,699 --> 00:34:30,567
海狸的堤坝调整了水流

342
00:34:30,903 --> 00:34:34,304
减少了洪水疏通了河道

343
00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:36,305
清洁了流水

344
00:34:41,314 --> 00:34:44,681
海狸对该地的环境影响深远

345
00:34:44,984 --> 00:34:47,384
北部黑脚人有句古话

346
00:34:47,820 --> 00:34:51,051
“海狸建了我们生存的世界”

347
00:34:54,260 --> 00:34:56,694
但早期的欧洲探险者

348
00:34:56,929 --> 00:34:59,591
却看至l〕了海狸完全不同的一面

349
00:35:05,271 --> 00:35:08,900
1659年，两名法国探险者

350
00:35:08,941 --> 00:35:11,375
开始了一场野心勃勃的旅途

351
00:35:11,577 --> 00:35:13,340
从圣劳伦斯河出发

352
00:35:13,546 --> 00:35:16,743
深入加拿大腹地的荒野地带

353
00:35:33,633 --> 00:35:35,066
翌年夏天

354
00:35:35,201 --> 00:35:37,829
这两个人突然又出现了

355
00:35:39,605 --> 00:35:42,699
这次带着大票人马

356
00:35:46,479 --> 00:35:51,815
虐走了骇人听闻的五十五吨重的毛皮

357
00:35:53,185 --> 00:35:54,675
为了运送这些毛皮

358
00:35:54,754 --> 00:35:57,279
船队有足足一百艘船

359
00:36:01,427 --> 00:36:04,863
毛皮贸易猎杀了绝大部分海狸

360
00:36:09,535 --> 00:36:11,628
在欧洲人来之前

361
00:36:11,837 --> 00:36:15,933
这片大陆上至少有四亿只海狸

362
00:36:16,542 --> 00:36:19,477
现在仅存一千二百万只

363
00:36:25,351 --> 00:36:27,785
很多地方海狸都已绝迹

364
00:36:30,022 --> 00:36:33,651
这极大地改变了森林的面貌

365
00:36:36,662 --> 00:36:39,654
但改变并不一定循序渐进

366
00:36:40,966 --> 00:36:44,299
有些时候来得那么突然

367
00:36:44,437 --> 00:36:46,268
带着骇人的力量

368
00:36:52,344 --> 00:36:55,802
在安大略西部的广裹常绿林裹

369
00:36:56,048 --> 00:36:59,609
夏日闪电引发了一场大火

370
00:37:09,862 --> 00:37:13,025
火焰高度超过百米

371
00:37:13,365 --> 00:37:17,267
大火正威胁着一片珍贵的森林保护区

372
00:37:17,803 --> 00:37:20,670
以及该地区的居民

373
00:37:37,523 --> 00:37:39,252
现代林业学家认为

374
00:37:39,525 --> 00:37:41,652
上世纪的多数时闲裹

375
00:37:41,660 --> 00:37:43,491
森林大火具有毁灭性力量

376
00:38:12,291 --> 00:38:13,189
而现在

377
00:38:13,492 --> 00:38:17,826
大火被认为是森林生物周期的重要组成部分

378
00:38:18,397 --> 00:38:22,265
现在如果没有危害到人类的生命财产

379
00:38:22,368 --> 00:38:25,235
可以对森林大火置之不理

380
00:38:27,106 --> 00:38:30,303
火一直以来都是大自然的一部分

381
00:38:31,076 --> 00:38:32,771
北方森林的树木

382
00:38:33,312 --> 00:38:35,837
耗费数千年去适应它

383
00:38:39,585 --> 00:38:41,314
在大火的帮助下

384
00:38:41,587 --> 00:38:44,385
斑克松松果张开

385
00:38:46,392 --> 00:38:48,053
传播种子

386
00:38:55,301 --> 00:38:57,997
若干年后，新的树木长起来

387
00:38:58,771 --> 00:39:01,171
森林慢慢复原

388
00:39:06,779 --> 00:39:11,216
但腹地的有些变化已经很难逆转了

389
00:39:13,018 --> 00:39:15,987
在欧洲人长达三个多世纪的殖民统治内

390
00:39:16,722 --> 00:39:19,714
大草原的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化

391
00:39:23,295 --> 00:39:26,787
整齐的农场和圈围的牧场

392
00:39:27,066 --> 00:39:31,730
已占据了原始野生草原的八成

393
00:39:34,907 --> 00:39:37,808
大草原上曾近随处可见的野牛

394
00:39:37,977 --> 00:39:41,276
如今仅幸存几个小种群了

395
00:39:41,413 --> 00:39:43,040
被集中保护在

396
00:39:43,282 --> 00:39:45,807
自然保护区和观光牧场

397
00:39:49,788 --> 00:39:51,722
在马尼托巴省的一个观光牧场

398
00:39:52,358 --> 00:39:55,156
一头小母牛刚刚诞生了

399
00:39:57,463 --> 00:39:59,363
这个小家伙出生在一个

400
00:39:59,531 --> 00:40:01,897
远离猎食者的威胁

401
00:40:02,434 --> 00:40:04,334
舒适地度过冬日

402
00:40:04,536 --> 00:40:07,801
被人类宠爱的陌生世界

403
00:40:08,574 --> 00:40:12,977
曾参与塑造草原景观的令人敬畏的动物

404
00:40:13,212 --> 00:40:15,646
已经沦为牟利的工具

405
00:40:27,927 --> 00:40:31,863
数千年来一直塑造着开阔大草原的野牛

406
00:40:33,499 --> 00:40:36,866
无时无刻不面临着狼的威胁

407
00:40:37,336 --> 00:40:40,396
在出生后的几分钟内

408
00:40:40,706 --> 00:40:42,298
小家伙挣扎着站起来

409
00:41:03,562 --> 00:41:06,998
尽管生在囚笼之中

410
00:41:08,067 --> 00:41:11,195
但小牛天性犹存

411
00:41:18,978 --> 00:41:21,879
在亚伯达省西南部落基山脉附近

412
00:41:22,314 --> 00:41:26,148
大草原上随处可见农场和栅栏

413
00:41:27,453 --> 00:41:28,511
但这并不意味着

414
00:41:28,554 --> 00:41:31,045
这裹没有野生动物

415
00:41:33,092 --> 00:41:34,320
在最近几年内

416
00:41:34,460 --> 00:41:37,827
一些令人惊奇的动物再次出现了

417
00:41:38,030 --> 00:41:40,464
在牛放牧的田野和牧场

418
00:41:40,733 --> 00:41:44,294
曾经是它们世代维生的草原栖地

419
00:41:46,972 --> 00:41:48,439
它就是灰熊

420
00:41:55,581 --> 00:41:57,446
它可不是独自前来

421
00:42:00,386 --> 00:42:03,514
还带着两个亚成年的孩子

422
00:42:05,924 --> 00:42:09,621
如今灰熊在草原上非常罕见

423
00:42:10,029 --> 00:42:12,224
但并不是一直如此

424
00:42:14,099 --> 00:42:17,364
在欧洲人来此的三百年前

425
00:42:17,636 --> 00:42:20,969
它们在加拿大南部大草原上随处可见

426
00:42:24,743 --> 00:42:27,644
但是这儿的居民觉得它们很危险

427
00:42:28,113 --> 00:42:30,240
经常射杀它们

428
00:42:34,119 --> 00:42:36,053
上世纪中期

429
00:42:36,255 --> 00:42:40,453
漫步在大草原上的灰熊销声匿迹

430
00:42:43,162 --> 00:42:46,893
但仍然有一些在落基山脉西部幸存下来

431
00:42:47,399 --> 00:42:50,095
时不时地走到这裹

432
00:42:53,539 --> 00:42:56,599
虽然它们主要吃素

433
00:42:56,909 --> 00:42:58,604
但某些时候

434
00:42:58,877 --> 00:43:02,574
有些灰熊也捕食家畜

435
00:43:05,751 --> 00:43:08,777
这说明人们的态度正在转变

436
00:43:09,088 --> 00:43:12,546
人们愿意和这种惊艳的动物

437
00:43:12,658 --> 00:43:14,626
建立良好的新关系

438
00:43:20,499 --> 00:43:21,932
几千年来

439
00:43:22,234 --> 00:43:26,364
人们和野生动物共享加拿大心脏腹地

440
00:43:27,739 --> 00:43:31,402
所以只要我们给予它们需要的生存空闲

441
00:43:32,177 --> 00:43:34,236
动物们将会继续繁荣兴旺

442
00:43:34,980 --> 00:43:36,641
幸及以我们连连惊喜